zidian/dist/ci/389.json

汉字、词语、成语查询接口

[{"ci":"追罪","explanation":"1.追究罪责。"},{"ci":"追尊","explanation":"1.为死者追加尊号。"},{"ci":"追坐","explanation":"1.追究连坐。"},{"ci":"骓马","explanation":"1.指项羽所乘的马。"},{"ci":"椎鄙","explanation":"1.朴钝粗俗。"},{"ci":"椎冰","explanation":"1.砸冰。"},{"ci":"椎剥","explanation":"1.谓残酷搜刮。"},{"ci":"椎布","explanation":"1.椎髻布衣。《后汉书·逸民传·梁鸿》载梁鸿择孟光而娉，及嫁，始以装饰入门，七日而鸿不答，孟光讯因，知梁鸿有志遁隐，不喜孟光傅粉墨。孟光曰\"以观夫子之志耳。妾自有隐居之服。\"乃更为椎髻，着布衣，操作而前¤大喜曰\"此真梁鸿妻也，能奉我矣!\"后遂以\"椎布\"为女子服饰简朴之典。"},{"ci":"椎车","explanation":"1.用整块圆木做车轮的简陋车子。"},{"ci":"椎储","explanation":"1.拙于言辞。"},{"ci":"椎锻","explanation":"1.锤子和打铁用的砧石。 \n2.犹锻炼，罗织罪名。"},{"ci":"椎钝","explanation":"1.朴钝;愚钝。"},{"ci":"椎夺","explanation":"1.杀人掠夺。"},{"ci":"椎敚","explanation":"1.见\"椎夺\"。"},{"ci":"椎额","explanation":"1.额头突出如椎。"},{"ci":"椎锋","explanation":"1.冲击敌人前锋。"},{"ci":"椎锋陷陈","explanation":"1.犹冲锋陷阵。"},{"ci":"椎肤剥髓","explanation":"1.形容残酷搜刮。"},{"ci":"椎肤剥体","explanation":"1.见\"椎肤剥髓\"。"},{"ci":"椎斧","explanation":"1.椎和斧。亦借指古代仪仗队中持椎斧的人。"},{"ci":"椎骨","explanation":"1.也称脊椎骨。构成脊柱的短骨。根据所处的部位，可以依次分为颈椎﹑胸椎﹑腰椎﹑骶椎﹑尾椎等五种。人的椎骨共有三十三个，即颈椎七个，胸椎十二个，腰椎五个，骶椎五个，尾椎四个。"},{"ci":"椎骨(ｚｈｕī－)","explanation":"又称脊椎骨”。脊椎动物体背脊柱的组成部分。其中央部分是椎体，椎体背面是椎弓，椎体与椎弓间的孔叫椎孔，各椎骨的椎孔相接形成椎管，管内容纳脊髓。椎体的腹面有脉弓，各椎骨的脉弓相连形成脉管，内有血管。"},{"ci":"椎鼓","explanation":"1.击鼓。"},{"ci":"椎悍","explanation":"1.朴钝粗野。"},{"ci":"椎卉","explanation":"1.见\"椎髻卉裳\"。"},{"ci":"椎毁","explanation":"1.砸坏，击毁。"},{"ci":"椎击","explanation":"1.捶打。"},{"ci":"椎紒","explanation":"1.同\"椎髻\"。"},{"ci":"椎髻","explanation":"1.亦作\"椎结\"。 \n2.一撮之髻，其形如椎。《史记．货殖列传》\"程郑，山东迁虏也，亦冶铸，贾椎髻之民，富埒卓氏，俱居临邛。\"《汉书．李陵传》\"两人皆胡服椎结。\"颜师古注\"结读曰髻，一撮之髻，其形如椎。\"唐玄奘《大唐西域记．婆罗痆斯国》\"或断发，或椎髻，露形无服，涂身以灰，精勤苦行，求出生死。\"郭沫若《女神．湘累》\"老翁一人，银发椎髻，白须髯，袒上身。\"借指椎髻之人或其所居之区。 \n3.汉梁鸿妻孟光\"椎髻，着布衣\"，愿与\"梁鸿\"俱隐◇遂以\"椎髻\"形容为妻贤良，衣饰简朴，与夫共志。"},{"ci":"椎髻卉裳","explanation":"1.椎状的发髻，草制的衣裳。多为边远﹑未开化地区人的妆饰，因亦借指边远﹑未开化地区的人。"},{"ci":"椎髻箕坐","explanation":"1.亦作\"椎结箕踞\"。 \n2.髻如椎，坐如箕。古代南越一带人的风俗。"},{"ci":"椎髻鸟语","explanation":"1.结如椎之髻，说似鸟鸣之语。古代指南方人的妆饰和语言。"},{"ci":"椎髻髽首","explanation":"1.古代边远少数民族的一种发式。借指边远少数民族。"},{"ci":"椎髻左言","explanation":"1.亦作\"椎结左语\"。 \n2.挽髻如椎，说外族话。"},{"ci":"椎结","explanation":"1.见\"椎髻\"。"},{"ci":"椎结箕踞","explanation":"1.见\"椎髻箕坐\""},{"ci":"椎结左衽","explanation":"1.挽髻如椎，穿前襟向左的衣服。古代边远少数民族的一种服饰。"},{"ci":"椎结左语","explanation":"1.见\"椎髻左言\"。"},{"ci":"椎櫐","explanation":"1.指蔷薇科悬钩子属的蓬蘽和薅田藨一类植物。"},{"ci":"椎炼","explanation":"1.锤击冶炼。"},{"ci":"椎陋","explanation":"1.朴实而简陋。"},{"ci":"椎鲁","explanation":"1.愚钝，鲁钝。"},{"ci":"椎鲁敦朴","explanation":"1.谓质朴诚实。"},{"ci":"椎鲁朴钝","explanation":"1.犹椎鲁敦朴。"},{"ci":"椎卵","explanation":"1.以椎击卵。比喻毁坏甚易。"},{"ci":"椎轮","explanation":"1.原始的无辐车轮。亦以指栈车。 \n2.比喻事物草创。"},{"ci":"椎轮大辂","explanation":"1.语出南朝梁萧统《序》\"若夫椎轮为大辂之始，大辂宁有椎轮之质?\"后因以\"椎轮大辂\"比喻事物由简到繁，由粗到精，逐步完善。亦用以称创始者。"},{"ci":"椎埋","explanation":"1.劫杀人而埋之。亦泛指杀人。 \n2.指消灭。 \n3.盗墓。 \n4.指偷盗抢杀的恶徒或盗墓者。"},{"ci":"椎埋穿掘","explanation":"1.杀人埋尸，发冢盗墓。泛指行凶作恶。"},{"ci":"椎埋狗窃","explanation":"1.谓抢杀偷盗，不务正业。"},{"ci":"椎埋屠狗","explanation":"1.杀人宰狗。指为非作歹和从事低贱的职业。"},{"ci":"椎讷","explanation":"1.朴钝而不善言辞。"},{"ci":"椎牛","explanation":"1.谓击杀牛。 \n2.见\"椎呸\"。"},{"ci":"椎牛发冢","explanation":"1.亦作\"椎牛发冢\"。 \n2.杀牛盗墓。谓为盗无所不为，穷凶极恶。"},{"ci":"椎牛歃血","explanation":"1.古时聚众盟誓，杀牛取其血含于口中或以血涂嘴唇，表示诚意。"},{"ci":"椎奴","explanation":"1.挽着椎髻的奴仆。"},{"ci":"椎拍","explanation":"1.用椎拍击。"},{"ci":"椎拍宛转","explanation":"1.语出《庄子．天下》\"椎拍輐断，与物宛转。\"谓顺随变化。"},{"ci":"椎呸","explanation":"1.指亲人亡殁，不能奉养的痛苦。语本《韩诗外传》卷七\"是故椎牛而祭墓，不如鸡豚之逮亲存也。\""},{"ci":"椎剽","explanation":"1.杀人劫物。 \n2.指杀人劫物者。"},{"ci":"椎破","explanation":"1.击破;砸坏。"},{"ci":"椎朴","explanation":"1.亦作\"椎朴\"。 \n2.笨拙，笨重。 \n3.朴实。"},{"ci":"椎秦","explanation":"1.椎击秦皇。《史记·留侯世家》载秦灭韩，韩人张良为韩报秦仇，悉以家财求客刺秦始皇，\"得力士，为铁椎重百二十斤。秦皇帝东游，良与客狙击秦皇帝博浪沙中，误中副车。\"明陆时雍《诗镜总论》\"张子房破楚椎秦，貌如处子。诸葛孔明陈师对垒，气若书生。\"后亦以\"椎秦\"泛指击杀仇敌。"},{"ci":"椎琴","explanation":"1.把琴击破。典出《吕氏春秋．本味》\"钟子期死，伯牙破琴絶弦，终身不复鼓琴。\"后因以\"椎琴\"比喻失去知音。"},{"ci":"椎杀","explanation":"1.击杀。"},{"ci":"椎碎","explanation":"1.击碎。"},{"ci":"椎搨","explanation":"1.亦作\"椎榻\"。 \n2.将纸覆于金石器物，铺毡捶击，以摹印其形状和上面的文字﹑图像。"},{"ci":"椎榻","explanation":"1.见\"椎搨\"。"},{"ci":"椎塘","explanation":"1.指臼。"},{"ci":"椎天抢地","explanation":"1.形容极度悲痛的样子。"},{"ci":"椎头","explanation":"1.椎发。指边远地区少数民族的发式。"},{"ci":"椎拓","explanation":"1.同\"椎搨\"。"},{"ci":"椎心","explanation":"1.捶击胸口。形容极度悲痛的样子。"},{"ci":"椎心顿足","explanation":"1.同\"椎胸顿足\"。"},{"ci":"椎心呕血","explanation":"1.犹言椎心泣血。"},{"ci":"椎心泣血","explanation":"形容痛伤之极椎心泣血，仰天号fc6e！"},{"ci":"椎心饮泣","explanation":"1.犹言椎心泣血。"},{"ci":"椎胸跌足","explanation":"1.犹言椎胸顿足。"},{"ci":"椎胸顿足","explanation":"1.形容人悲痛﹑悔恨等时的情状。"},{"ci":"椎野","explanation":"1.粗俗鄙野。"},{"ci":"椎移","explanation":"1.夏桀之臣。"},{"ci":"椎膺顿足","explanation":"1.同\"椎胸顿足\"。"},{"ci":"椎愚","explanation":"1.愚笨。"},{"ci":"椎凿","explanation":"1.槌子和凿子。 \n2.用槌子锤，用凿子凿。 \n3.比喻乖违不合。"},{"ci":"椎拙","explanation":"1.质朴无文。谓不加修饰。"},{"ci":"椎斲","explanation":"1.犹敲榨。"},{"ci":"椎坐","explanation":"1.捶击坐具。表示愤慨。"},{"ci":"锥匕","explanation":"1.喻细小之物。匕﹐箭头。"},{"ci":"锥处囊中","explanation":"1.比喻有才智的人终能显露头角。语出《史记．平原君虞卿列传》﹕\"夫贤士之处世也﹐譬若锥之处囊中﹐其末立见。\" \n2.借指毛遂。"},{"ci":"锥刀","explanation":"1.小刀。 \n2.一种制茶用具。 \n3.指刀笔。 \n4.喻微薄﹐微细。 \n5.特指微利。 6.指追逐微利﹐逐利。 7.喻从事微贱工作。"},{"ci":"锥刀之末","explanation":"1.比喻小事﹐微利。"},{"ci":"锥度","explanation":"1.柱形物体的横剖面向一端逐渐缩小的形式。也叫梢。 \n2.横剖面缩小的数值﹐如锥度150﹐即每长50个单位缩小一个单位。"},{"ci":"锥股","explanation":"1.指读书欲睡时以锥刺股。事出《战国策．秦策一》﹕\"﹝苏秦﹞乃夜发书﹐陈箧数十……读书欲睡﹐引锥自刺其股﹐血流至足。\""},{"ci":"锥花","explanation":"1.毛锥之花。毛笔字的美称。"},{"ci":"锥画沙","explanation":"1.形容书家的藏锋笔法。"},{"ci":"锥金","explanation":"1.一种手工艺。先在金上涂漆﹐再以锥画图。"},{"ci":"锥井","explanation":"1.在筒井底打入铁管﹐引深层地下水上升。中国北方井灌区采用较多。"},{"ci":"锥囊","explanation":"1.见\"锥处囊中\"。"},{"ci":"锥刃","explanation":"1.犹锥刀。"},{"ci":"锥沙","explanation":"1.见\"锥画沙\"。"},{"ci":"锥矢","explanation":"1.一种锐利的短箭﹐射出后飞行劲疾。"},{"ci":"锥书","explanation":"1.谓装订书籍。"},{"ci":"锥探","explanation":"1.探测地层的一种方法。用手将锥形探测工具压入地中﹐凭感觉辨别地层的情况﹐用于找水源和勘查堤身内部的洞穴﹑缝隙以及土层中的砖石﹑木枓等。"},{"ci":"锥行衰","explanation":"1.立锥形。"},{"ci":"锥行之陈","explanation":"1.前尖如锥的阵形。"},{"ci":"锥印","explanation":"1.指苏秦以锥刺股﹑发奋夜读。事见《战国策．秦策一》。"},{"ci":"锥指","explanation":"语出《庄子·秋水》是直用管窥天，用锥指地，不亦小乎。”后用锥指”比喻见知浅小。"},{"ci":"锥子","explanation":"1.尖端锐利的用来钻孔的工具。"},{"ci":"鵻礼","explanation":"1.鸟名。"},{"ci":"坠岸","explanation":"1.陡岸，险岸。"},{"ci":"坠蹬","explanation":"1.见\"坠凳\"。"},{"ci":"坠凳","explanation":"1.亦作\"坠蹬\"。亦作\"坠镫\"。 \n2.向下拉正马镫，侍候尊长上马。亦表示对人敬仰，甘执贱役之意。"},{"ci":"坠镫","explanation":"1.见\"坠凳\"。"},{"ci":"坠地","explanation":"1.物体落地。 \n2.衰落;丧失。 \n3.指婴儿刚生下来。"},{"ci":"坠典","explanation":"1.指已废亡的典章制度。"},{"ci":"坠胡","explanation":"1.见\"坠琴\"。"},{"ci":"坠欢","explanation":"1.《后汉书．皇后纪上．光武郭皇后纪论》\"爱升，则天下不足容其高;欢队，故九服无所逃其命。\"队，同\"坠\"。本谓失去宠爱◇因称夫妻离而复合为\"坠欢重拾\"或以\"坠欢\"称往日的欢乐。"},{"ci":"坠毁","explanation":"1.指飞机等落下来毁坏。"},{"ci":"坠混飘茵","explanation":"1.见\"坠茵落混\"。"},{"ci":"坠髻","explanation":"1.坠马髻的省称。"},{"ci":"坠脚","explanation":"1.置于末尾;吊在下面。 \n2.吊在下面的东西。多指装饰物。 \n3.犹累赘。"},{"ci":"坠睫","explanation":"1.谓流泪。"},{"ci":"坠景","explanation":"1.落日，西下的夕阳。以喻衰落。"},{"ci":"坠屦","explanation":"1.坠履。"},{"ci":"坠历","explanation":"1.指倾败的历数纲纪。"},{"ci":"坠楼","explanation":"1.跳楼自杀。"},{"ci":"坠履","explanation":"1.汉贾谊《新书．谕诚》\"昔楚昭王与吴人战，楚军败，昭王走，履决，背而行，失之。行三十步，复旋取履。及至于隋，左右问曰'王何曾惜一踦履乎?'昭王曰'楚国虽贫，岂爱一踦履哉!思与偕反也。'自是之后，楚国之俗无相弃者。\"后因以\"坠履\"为不轻易遗弃旧物或故物失而复得之典。"},{"ci":"坠落","explanation":"1.下落;掉落。 \n2.衰败;没落。"},{"ci":"坠马髻","explanation":"1.即堕马髻。"},{"ci":"坠马妆","explanation":"1.犹坠马髻。"},{"ci":"坠琴","explanation":"1.亦称\"坠胡\"。亦称\"坠子\"。 \n2.拉弦乐器。有指板，相传由三弦改制而成，形状与小三弦相似。"},{"ci":"坠失","explanation":"1.失去;废弛。"},{"ci":"坠胎","explanation":"1.堕胎，人工流产。"},{"ci":"坠体","explanation":"1.即落体。因受重力作用由空中落下的物体。"},{"ci":"坠兔","explanation":"1.指落月。传说月中有玉兔，故称。"},{"ci":"坠亡","explanation":"1.犹丧失。"},{"ci":"坠心","explanation":"1.担扰恐惧;痛心。"},{"ci":"坠星","explanation":"1.陨星，陨石。"},{"ci":"坠绪","explanation":"1.《书．五子之歌》\"荒坠厥绪，覆宗絶祀。\"孔传\"太康失其业以取亡。\"后以\"坠绪\"指行将断绝的皇统。 \n2.指行将绝灭的学说。"},{"ci":"坠湮","explanation":"1.湮没亡失。"},{"ci":"坠言","explanation":"1.失言。"},{"ci":"坠遗","explanation":"1.犹坠绪。"},{"ci":"坠逸","explanation":"1.失落;散失。"},{"ci":"坠茵落混","explanation":"1.亦作\"堕混飘茵\"。亦作\"坠混飘茵\"。 \n2.喻人之境遇高下悬殊。茵，垫褥;溷，厕所。语本《梁书．儒林传．范缜》\"子良精信释教，而缜盛称无佛。子良问曰'君不信因果，世间何得有富贵，何得有贱贫?'缜答曰'人之生譬如一树花，同发一枝，俱开一蒂，随风而堕，自有拂帘幌坠于茵席之上，自有关篱墙落于粪混之侧。坠茵席者，殿下是也;落粪混者，下官是也。贵贱虽复殊途，因果竟在何处?'\""},{"ci":"坠渊","explanation":"1.落入深渊。谓使陷入困境或受害。"},{"ci":"坠甑","explanation":"1.堕甑。谓错谬已铸，后悔无益;或事已过去，不值得置意。"},{"ci":"坠子","explanation":"1.姬妾的别称。"},{"ci":"缀兵","explanation":"1.指用以牵制敌方兵力的军队。"},{"ci":"缀纯","explanation":"1.连缀杂彩以为缘边。"},{"ci":"缀辞","explanation":"1.撰写文章。 \n2.赘辞，多余的文辞。"},{"ci":"缀恩","explanation":"1.谓联络亲族感情。"},{"ci":"缀合","explanation":"1.连缀组合。"},{"ci":"缀缉","explanation":"1.见\"缀辑\"。"},{"ci":"缀集","explanation":"1.连缀汇集。多用于著述﹑编辑。"},{"ci":"缀辑","explanation":"1.亦作\"缀缉\"。 \n2.犹编辑。"},{"ci":"缀接","explanation":"1.犹联系。"},{"ci":"啭喉","explanation":"1.谓婉转动听地歌唱。 \n2.犹言说话。"},{"ci":"啭呖呖","explanation":"1.形容歌声婉转清脆。"},{"ci":"瑑璧","explanation":"1.雕有纹饰的璧玉。"},{"ci":"瑑琮","explanation":"1.有雕纹的琮玉。"},{"ci":"瑑刻","explanation":"1.犹雕刻。"},{"ci":"瑑勒","explanation":"1.犹刊刻。"},{"ci":"瑑饰","explanation":"1.雕在玉器上的纹饰。"},{"ci":"瑑削","explanation":"1.犹雕刻。引申为精心推敲文字。"},{"ci":"瑑约","explanation":"1.车毂上用皮革缠束的彩色纹饰。"},{"ci":"赚啜","explanation":"1.犹哄骗。"},{"ci":"赚得","explanation":"1.获得(利润)。 \n2.赢得;博得。"},{"ci":"赚法","explanation":"1.骗人的办法。"},{"ci":"赚哄","explanation":"1.骗取，哄骗。"},{"ci":"赚漏","explanation":"1.骗取。"},{"ci":"赚骗","explanation":"1.骗取。"},{"ci":"赚钱","explanation":"1.获取利润;挣得钱财。"},{"ci":"赚色","explanation":"1.指演唱赚曲的脚色。"},{"ci":"赚杀","explanation":"1.亦作\"赚煞\"。 \n2.赢得，博得。"},{"ci":"赚煞","explanation":"1.见\"赚杀\"。"},{"ci":"赚手","explanation":"1.获利。"},{"ci":"赚头","explanation":"1.利润。多用于口语。"},{"ci":"赚脱","explanation":"1.欺骗;骗去。"},{"ci":"赚诱","explanation":"1.犹诱骗。"},{"ci":"撰安","explanation":"1.书信结尾问候语。多用于文人﹑作家。"},{"ci":"撰碑","explanation":"1.撰写碑文。"},{"ci":"撰备","explanation":"1.备具﹐备置。"},{"ci":"撰词","explanation":"1.见\"撰辞\"。"},{"ci":"撰辞","explanation":"1.亦作\"撰词\"。 \n2.撰写文词。"},{"ci":"撰次","explanation":"1.编集;编纂。 \n2.写作;记述。"},{"ci":"撰定","explanation":"1.编定;写定。"},{"ci":"撰稿","explanation":"1.起草;作文。"},{"ci":"撰集","explanation":"1.编集。"},{"ci":"撰辑","explanation":"1.犹撰集。"},{"ci":"撰具","explanation":"1.编成。"},{"ci":"撰刻","explanation":"1.撰写而勒刻。"},{"ci":"撰勒","explanation":"1.编定﹐镌刻。"},{"ci":"撰利","explanation":"1.赚钱。"},{"ci":"撰録","explanation":"1.编写着录。"},{"ci":"撰拟","explanation":"1.撰写拟定。"},{"ci":"撰祺","explanation":"1.书信末尾的问候语。多用于文人﹑作家。"},{"ci":"撰钱","explanation":"1.赚钱。"},{"ci":"撰人","explanation":"1.作者。"},{"ci":"撰日","explanation":"1.择日。"},{"ci":"撰述","explanation":"1.著述。"},{"ci":"撰思","explanation":"1.犹构思。语本《楚辞．招魂》\"结撰至思﹐兰芳假些。\""},{"ci":"撰文","explanation":"1.写文章。"},{"ci":"撰写","explanation":"1.写作。"},{"ci":"撰修","explanation":"1.亦作\"撰修\"。 \n2.书写;编撰。"},{"ci":"撰序","explanation":"1.犹撰述。"},{"ci":"撰续","explanation":"1.撰写续编。"},{"ci":"撰韵","explanation":"1.选韵。"},{"ci":"撰造","explanation":"1.创作;编制。 \n2.臆造;捏造。"},{"ci":"撰杖","explanation":"1.见\"撰杖捧履\"。 \n2.执教。"},{"ci":"撰杖捧屦","explanation":"1.谓侍奉长者。语本《礼记．曲礼上》\"侍坐于君子﹐君子欠伸﹐撰杖履﹐视日蚤莫﹐侍坐者请出矣。\"陈澔集说\"气乏则欠，体疲则伸;撰，犹持也。此四者皆厌倦之容，恐妨君子就安，故请退。\"本谓长者坐久而持杖履﹐有厌倦起行之意。"},{"ci":"撰着","explanation":"1.写作;著作。 \n2.指修史的职司。"},{"ci":"撰作","explanation":"1.著作。"},{"ci":"篆霭","explanation":"1.盘香的烟雾。"},{"ci":"篆笔","explanation":"1.谓以篆体书写;篆书笔画。"},{"ci":"篆虫","explanation":"1.犹篆书。形容篆书形体曲屈如虫。"},{"ci":"篆愁君","explanation":"1.指蜗牛。"},{"ci":"篆鼎","explanation":"1.有篆书铭文的鼎。"},{"ci":"篆额","explanation":"1.用篆字书写碑额。"},{"ci":"篆法","explanation":"1.写篆书和进行篆刻之法。"},{"ci":"篆盖","explanation":"1.古时墓志铭例用石相合﹐以一石为盖。盖石题死者爵里姓名﹐习惯用篆书﹐称\"篆盖\"。"},{"ci":"篆记","explanation":"1.篆体印章。"},{"ci":"篆科","explanation":"1.即篆书。"},{"ci":"篆刻","explanation":"中国传统艺术之一。指雕刻印章的艺术。因刻印时先在印材上作篆字，再加锲刻，故称。一般用刀刻于石、牙、角、木等印材上；金属印章，则多先刻印模，然后铸成。秦印、汉印为公认的篆刻艺术之源，明、清两代出现众多篆刻流派。"},{"ci":"篆刻虫雕","explanation":"1.喻指小技。"},{"ci":"篆冷","explanation":"1.盘香燃尽。"},{"ci":"篆隶","explanation":"1.篆书和隶书。"},{"ci":"篆辂","explanation":"1.古代皇后的乘车之名。"},{"ci":"篆铭","explanation":"1.用篆字所刻的铭文。 \n2.铭刻。比喻牢记。"},{"ci":"篆盘","explanation":"1.犹香盘。宋苏轼有《子由生日以檀香观音像及新合印香银篆盘为寿》诗。"},{"ci":"篆势","explanation":"1.篆书的形体气势。"},{"ci":"篆书","explanation":"①字体名。大篆和小篆的统称。大篆相传为周宣王时太史籀所作，故也称籀文”或籀书”，广义的大篆又指甲骨文、金文及春秋战国时各国通行的文字。秦始皇统一中国后，实行文字统一，以小篆为正字，也称秦篆”。篆书字体偏长，多用圆笔。②王莽篡汉建立新朝后所立六书之一，即小篆”。"},{"ci":"篆丝","explanation":"1.曲细而形如篆文的游丝。"},{"ci":"篆素","explanation":"1.写篆书于素帛。"},{"ci":"篆题","explanation":"1.用篆书所题写的字。"},{"ci":"篆体","explanation":"1.篆字的书体『字书体的一种。"},{"ci":"篆文","explanation":"1.篆体字。"},{"ci":"篆蜗","explanation":"1.像篆字形的蜗牛。"},{"ci":"篆务","explanation":"1.犹政务。"},{"ci":"篆香","explanation":"1.犹盘香。 \n2.香屑或香灰。"},{"ci":"篆形","explanation":"1.即篆书。"},{"ci":"篆烟","explanation":"1.盘香的烟缕。"},{"ci":"篆意","explanation":"1.篆书的笔意。"},{"ci":"篆章","explanation":"1.用篆字所刻的印章。"},{"ci":"篆籀","explanation":"1.篆文和籀文。"},{"ci":"篆籀笔","explanation":"1.写篆文和籀文所用的笔法。"},{"ci":"篆注","explanation":"1.对篆字的注解。"},{"ci":"篆字","explanation":"1.篆体字。 \n2.符箓。"},{"ci":"馔宾","explanation":"1.供宾客享用。"},{"ci":"馔具","explanation":"1.陈设食物之具;餐具。 \n2.犹设立。 \n3.指肴膳。"},{"ci":"馔馈","explanation":"1.进献肴馔。 \n2.肴馔。"},{"ci":"馔食","explanation":"1.饮食。"},{"ci":"馔所","explanation":"1.犹食堂。"},{"ci":"馔餵","explanation":"1.美味食物。"},{"ci":"馔饩","explanation":"1.指薪俸。"},{"ci":"馔羞","explanation":"1.精美的食品。"},{"ci":"馔殽","explanation":"1.饭菜。"},{"ci":"馔饮","explanation":"1.食品，饮食。"},{"ci":"馔玉","explanation":"1.珍美如玉的食品。语本《文选．左思》\"矝其宴居﹐则珠服玉馔。\"李周翰注\"玉馔﹐言珍美而比于玉。\""},{"ci":"馔玉炊金","explanation":"1.食品贵如玉﹐燃料贵似金。原形容物价昂贵，生活艰难;后形容生活奢华。语本《战国策．楚策三》\"楚国之食贵于玉，薪贵于桂。\""},{"ci":"馔玉炊珠","explanation":"1.见\"馔玉炊金\"。"},{"ci":"馔珍","explanation":"1.陈设珍美的菜肴。"},{"ci":"馔炙","explanation":"1.熏烤的食物。"},{"ci":"縳冠","explanation":"1.浅红色的帽子。"},{"ci":"縳缘","explanation":"1.浅红色的边。"},{"ci":"妆扮","explanation":"1.打扮。 \n2.打扮的样式。"},{"ci":"妆次","explanation":"对女子的敬称，犹男子之称足下，用于书信中琳娘夫人妆次。"},{"ci":"妆大","explanation":"1.摆架子。"},{"ci":"妆呆","explanation":"1.装傻，装糊涂。"},{"ci":"妆呆妆婪","explanation":"1.犹言妆呆妆?。"},{"ci":"妆旦色","explanation":"1.指戏剧中的旦角。"},{"ci":"妆点","explanation":"1.装饰，打扮。 \n2.谓点缀。 \n3.指修饰文字。 \n4.渲染敷衍。"},{"ci":"妆殿","explanation":"1.指妃嫔居处。"},{"ci":"妆阁","explanation":"1.亦作\"妆合\"。 \n2.指妇女的居室。"},{"ci":"妆孤","explanation":"1.大老。指嫖客。"},{"ci":"妆光","explanation":"1.谓盛装的容貌。"},{"ci":"妆裹","explanation":"1.装裹，装殓。 \n2.装饰;打扮。"},{"ci":"妆哈","explanation":"1.捧场;喝采。"},{"ci":"妆喝","explanation":"1.捧场;喝采。"},{"ci":"妆合","explanation":"1.见\"妆阁\"。"},{"ci":"妆盒","explanation":"1.盛梳妆品的盒子。"},{"ci":"妆晃","explanation":"1.装饰门面。"},{"ci":"妆谎子","explanation":"1.说谎;弄虚作假。 \n2.出丑。"},{"ci":"妆混","explanation":"1.装呆卖傻。"},{"ci":"妆镜","explanation":"1.亦作\"紁镜\"。 \n2.化妆用的镜子。"},{"ci":"妆就","explanation":"1.妆扮，妆扮成。"},{"ci":"妆局","explanation":"1.设好骗人的圈套。"},{"ci":"妆具","explanation":"1.梳妆用具。"},{"ci":"妆泪","explanation":"1.指女子的粉泪。"},{"ci":"妆奁","explanation":"①梳妆用的镜匣暂设妆奁，还抽镜屉。②借指嫁妆连夜置办妆奁。"},{"ci":"妆啉妆呆","explanation":"1.同\"妆呆妆?\"。"},{"ci":"妆聋作哑","explanation":"1.不闻不问，假装糊涂。"},{"ci":"妆聋做哑","explanation":"1.假装耳聋口哑，故意不理睬。"},{"ci":"妆楼","explanation":"1.指妇女的居室。"},{"ci":"妆銮","explanation":"1.彩饰梁栋﹑斗栱﹑素象﹑什物之类，谓之妆銮。清孙星衍《》六有解泽民撰《南禅寺妆銮佛像记》。"},{"ci":"妆掠","explanation":"1.犹妆梳。"},{"ci":"妆么","explanation":"1.见\"妆幺\"。"},{"ci":"妆模作样","explanation":"1.故意做样子给人看。"},{"ci":"妆乔","explanation":"1.装腔;做作。"},{"ci":"妆饰","explanation":"1.打扮。 \n2.指装饰品。 \n3.打扮的式样。"},{"ci":"妆梳","explanation":"1.梳妆打扮。"},{"ci":"妆束","explanation":"1.打扮的式样。 \n2.打扮。"},{"ci":"妆台","explanation":"1.梳妆台。 \n2.指女子的住处。 \n3.借指女子。"},{"ci":"妆诬","explanation":"1.诬陷;陷害。"},{"ci":"妆鰕","explanation":"1.陪笑脸;捧场。"},{"ci":"妆匣","explanation":"1.盛梳妆用品的匣子。"},{"ci":"妆新","explanation":"1.新婚时所用的衣服﹑被褥﹑枕头等物。"},{"ci":"妆儇","explanation":"1.装样子。"},{"ci":"妆严","explanation":"1.妆束;打扮。"},{"ci":"妆样","explanation":"1.打扮的样式;打扮。"},{"ci":"妆幺","explanation":"1.亦作\"妆么\"。 \n2.装腔作势;摆架子。"},{"ci":"妆域","explanation":"1.宫廷游戏的器具，如今陀罗之类。"},{"ci":"妆治","explanation":"1.修饰整治。"},{"ci":"妆助","explanation":"1.做成。"},{"ci":"庄宾","explanation":"1.佃农。"},{"ci":"庄长恭(1894-1962)","explanation":"有机化学家。福建泉州人。美国芝加哥大学博士。曾任台湾大学校长。建国后，任中科院有机化学研究所所长。中科院数学物理学化学部副主任、学部委员。主要研究麦角甾醇的结构、甾体化合物及稠环脂肪族化合物的合成。还研究生物碱，从中药汉防己分离出防己碱和防己诺林碱，为中国运用微量方法研究有机物的结构、合成起了先驱作用。"},{"ci":"庄诚","explanation":"1.端庄诚实;庄严虔诚。"},{"ci":"啄饮","explanation":"1.啄食饮水。"},{"ci":"啄噪","explanation":"1.啄食鸣叫。"},{"ci":"啄啄","explanation":"1.禽鸟取食貌。 \n2.象声词。叩门声。"},{"ci":"啅吠","explanation":"1.形容众口喧嚣。"},{"ci":"啅然","explanation":"1.骚乱貌。"},{"ci":"啅噪","explanation":"1.见\"啅噪\"。"},{"ci":"啅啅","explanation":"1.鸟声纷杂貌。"},{"ci":"着","explanation":"1.撩拨;撩惹。"},{"ci":"着","explanation":"1.即六祝六号。"},{"ci":"着白","explanation":"1.犹明白。 \n2.犹显着;昭著。"},{"ci":"着绊","explanation":"1.犹陷入，遭难。"},{"ci":"着笔","explanation":"1.落笔;下笔。"},{"ci":"着边","explanation":"1.沾边。"},{"ci":"着鞭","explanation":"1.鞭打;用鞭子赶。 \n2.犹言着手进行，开始做。 \n3.常用以勉人努力进取。"},{"ci":"着便","explanation":"1.犹言当机立断;见机行事。"},{"ci":"着翅人","explanation":"1.北周韩果的绰号。"},{"ci":"着处","explanation":"1.犹处处，到处。"},{"ci":"着定","explanation":"1.朝廷内按官职大小设置的固定的朝位。着，通\"伫\"。"},{"ci":"着法","explanation":"1.下棋的着数。 \n2.武术的动作。"},{"ci":"着绯","explanation":"1.穿红色的官服。古代官服颜色不同，表示官吏品级的高低。如唐上元元年定制文武三品以上服紫，四品服深绯，五品服浅绯，六品服深绿，七品服浅绿，八品服深青，九品服浅青◇常以\"着绯\"指当了中级官员。"},{"ci":"着槁","explanation":"1.见\"着稿\"。"},{"ci":"着稿","explanation":"1.亦作\"着槁\"。 \n2.起草;打草稿。"},{"ci":"着格","explanation":"1.规定的格式。"},{"ci":"着号","explanation":"1.著名;着称。"},{"ci":"着花","explanation":"1.长出花蕾或花朵。"},{"ci":"着慌","explanation":"1.着急;慌张。"},{"ci":"着火","explanation":"1.冒火;失火。"},{"ci":"着火点","explanation":"1.可燃物质开始燃烧时所需要的最低温度。"},{"ci":"着火点(着ｚｈáｏ)","explanation":"可燃物达到燃烧时所需的最低温度。如白磷的着火点是40°c，在和空气接触下到达40°c即可燃烧。故化学实验室所需的少量白磷，通常把它保存在水中。"},{"ci":"着迹","explanation":"1.犹言留有痕迹。多用以比喻艺术作品有斧凿之迹而不自然，没有达到浑然一体的境地。"},{"ci":"着积","explanation":"1.犹居积。积蓄财物。着，通\"贮\"。"},{"ci":"着绩","explanation":"1.谓有显着的功绩。"},{"ci":"着极","explanation":"1.着急。"},{"ci":"着急","explanation":"1.焦躁不安。 \n2.赶紧。"},{"ci":"着籍","explanation":"1.记姓名于宫门的门籍『制，门籍有其姓名者，方得入宫。 \n2.记名于某学者门下为弟子。亦泛指弟子。 \n3.登记在户籍上。 \n4.引申为有名。"},{"ci":"着己","explanation":"1.亲近;贴心。"},{"ci":"着脚","explanation":"1.置足，犹言亲临其地。 \n2.指落脚;涉足。 \n3.确实的，可靠的。"},{"ci":"着节","explanation":"1.以高尚的节操着称。 \n2.谓显其节操。"},{"ci":"着紧","explanation":"1.紧要;重要。 \n2.抓紧;赶紧。 \n3.犹焦急。 \n4.着意;留意。"},{"ci":"着劲","explanation":"1.着力;使劲。"},{"ci":"着惊","explanation":"1.受惊;吃惊。"},{"ci":"着警","explanation":"1.惧怕。"},{"ci":"着哩","explanation":"1.犹着呢。"},{"ci":"着力","explanation":"致力；尽力着力于普及教育工作｜汝为谁着力?"},{"ci":"着凉","explanation":"1.见\"着凉\"。"},{"ci":"着令","explanation":"1.命令;责成。"},{"ci":"着陆","explanation":"1.指(飞机等)从空中到达陆地。"},{"ci":"着陆灯","explanation":"飞机起飞和降落时用以照明跑道的灯光。一般安装在飞机前部或机翼前缘。"},{"ci":"着録","explanation":"1.记录;记载。 \n2.特指将书名列入目录。 \n3.指列名于私人讲学的经师门下，即所谓着录弟子。此风盛行于汉代。 \n4.犹著作;撰写。"},{"ci":"着緑","explanation":"1.穿绿色的官服。唐代六品﹑七品官服绿。"},{"ci":"着落","explanation":"①下落至今尚无着落。②指定人负责办理此事着落开封府办理。③指最终的去向必须给密信和文稿找个可靠的着落｜二闺女有着落了，找到个好婆家。④指可靠的依据或来源钱粮尚无着落。"},{"ci":"着忙","explanation":"1.着慌;着急。"},{"ci":"着迷","explanation":"1.对人或事物产生难以舍弃的爱好。"},{"ci":"着明","explanation":"1.显明。"},{"ci":"着摸","explanation":"1.捉摸。 \n2.撩拨;沾惹。"},{"ci":"着魔","explanation":"1.比喻迷恋某种事物到了几乎失去理智的地步。"},{"ci":"着魔(ｚｈáｏ-)","explanation":"碰上魔力。比喻入迷学唱戏学得着魔了。"},{"ci":"着抹","explanation":"1.折磨;捉弄。"},{"ci":"着末","explanation":"1.撩拨;沾染。 \n2.折磨;捉弄。 \n3.着落。"},{"ci":"着莫","explanation":"1.捉摸。 \n2.引惹;牵缠。 \n3.折磨;捉弄。 \n4.约莫。"},{"ci":"着墨","explanation":"1.犹着笔。指写作或书画创作等。"},{"ci":"着恼","explanation":"1.生气;发怒。"},{"ci":"着呢","explanation":"1.表示程度深。"},{"ci":"着棋","explanation":"1.下棋。"},{"ci":"着气","explanation":"1.犹生气。"},{"ci":"着浅","explanation":"1.搁浅。"},{"ci":"着趣","explanation":"1.犹知趣。"},{"ci":"着然","explanation":"1.着实;实在。"},{"ci":"着人","explanation":"1.犹言讨人喜欢。"},{"ci":"着肉","explanation":"1.贴身。"},{"ci":"着三不着两","explanation":"1.犹言说话行事轻重失当，考虑不周。"},{"ci":"着色","explanation":"1.涂上颜色。"},{"ci":"着甚","explanation":"1.犹言凭什么;用什么。"},{"ci":"着生","explanation":"1.(生物体)附着在某处生长。"},{"ci":"着声","explanation":"1.著名，着称。"},{"ci":"着实","explanation":"①副词。表示肯定这孩子功课着实不错｜这几年上海变化着实巨大。②结实，有力量着实地说了他几句。"},{"ci":"着式","explanation":"1.规定的格式;范例。"},{"ci":"着手","explanation":"1.触手;附着手上。 \n2.引申为棘手。 \n3.动手;开始(做)。 \n4.得手。"},{"ci":"着手成春","explanation":"一下手就成功。形容娴熟自然(常用于称医生医术高明)。"},{"ci":"着手生春","explanation":"1.见\"着手成春\"。"},{"ci":"着数","explanation":"1.犹言算得上，能算数。"},{"ci":"着题","explanation":"1.犹切题。"},{"ci":"着体","explanation":"1.谓侵袭身体。"},{"ci":"着体衣","explanation":"1.贴身衣服。"},{"ci":"着位","explanation":"1.着，宫室屏﹑门之间的地位，为帝王视朝时站立的地方。位，皇宫中廷左右两边。\"着位\"连用常表示固定的朝位或祭位。"},{"ci":"着闻","explanation":"1.著名，闻名。"},{"ci":"着先鞭","explanation":"1.比喻先人一步，处于领先地位。"},{"ci":"着相","explanation":"1.犹样子。"},{"ci":"着想","explanation":"1.设想;想象。 \n2.(为某人或某事的利益)考虑。"},{"ci":"着心","explanation":"1.用心，关心。"},{"ci":"着姓","explanation":"1.有声望的族姓。 \n2.使族姓著名。"},{"ci":"着眼","explanation":"1.犹举目;入眼。 \n2.(从某方面)考察;观察。"},{"ci":"着眼点","explanation":"1.着重考虑和注意的方面。"},{"ci":"着要","explanation":"1.切要;打紧。"},{"ci":"着业","explanation":"1.从事某种行业或生业。"},{"ci":"着衣","explanation":"1.穿衣。"},{"ci":"着疑","explanation":"1.怀疑;起疑心。"},{"ci":"着意","explanation":"①用心着意构思。②留心；注意老都管听了，也不着意，心内自恼他。③随着心意红雨随心翻作浪，青山着意化为桥。"},{"ci":"着庸","explanation":"1.犹言立功。"},{"ci":"着雍","explanation":"1.亦作\"着雍\"。 \n2.岁阳名。十干中戊的别称。"},{"ci":"着帐","explanation":"1.辽时因犯罪而被没收家产的户口。"},{"ci":"着帐户","explanation":"1.辽时被抄没户籍的人户。"},{"ci":"着帐郎君","explanation":"1.辽时管理抄没户籍的人户的官员。"},{"ci":"着志","explanation":"1.用心;努力。"},{"ci":"着重","explanation":"副词。表示动作的重点方面小说着重刻画了主人公的忘我精神｜现在着重说明下面三个问题。"},{"ci":"着重号","explanation":"1.标点符号的一种。标作．，用在横行文字的下边或竖行文字的右边，指出文中特别重要的词句。"},{"ci":"着撰","explanation":"1.写作;著作。"},{"ci":"着装","explanation":"1.指穿戴(衣帽)等。 \n2.衣着。"},{"ci":"着着","explanation":"1.犹言一步一步地，逐渐地。 \n2.犹样样。"},{"ci":"斮筋","explanation":"1.砍断脚筋。谓暴虐滥刑。"},{"ci":"斮戮","explanation":"1.杀戮。"},{"ci":"斮涉","explanation":"1.谓斩断冬月涉水者的胫骨。"},{"ci":"斮趾","explanation":"1.砍断脚趾。谓暴虐滥刑。"},{"ci":"晫晫","explanation":"1.明盛貌。"},{"ci":"椓壁","explanation":"1.谓在墙壁上钉桩。"},{"ci":"椓船","explanation":"1.钉木桩以拴船。"},{"ci":"椓斛","explanation":"1.叩斛。使所盛谷物下陷，以便多盛。"},{"ci":"椓毁","explanation":"1.毁坏。"},{"ci":"椓蠡","explanation":"1.谓砸开螺壳，生食其肉。蠡，通\"蠃\"。"},{"ci":"椓木","explanation":"1.打桩。"},{"ci":"椓破","explanation":"1.谓摧残破坏。"},{"ci":"椓窍","explanation":"1.掩闭女子阴门的宫刑。"},{"ci":"椓丧","explanation":"1.遭受伤害。"},{"ci":"椓弋","explanation":"1.见\"椓杙\"。"},{"ci":"椓杙","explanation":"1.亦作\"椓弋\"。 \n2.谓捶钉木桩。"},{"ci":"椓阴","explanation":"1.宫刑。"},{"ci":"椓月姑","explanation":"1.闽粤俗称中秋拜月的妇女。"},{"ci":"椓谮","explanation":"1.攻讦，谗毁。"},{"ci":"琢琱","explanation":"1.雕琢，指雕刻金玉为器。"},{"ci":"琢雕","explanation":"1.雕琢，修饰。"},{"ci":"琢钉","explanation":"1.东汉末孔融被收时，其子大者九岁﹑小者八岁，正为琢钉戏，后因以\"琢钉\"指八﹑九岁的少年时期。"},{"ci":"琢钉戏","explanation":"1.古时一种儿童游戏。"},{"ci":"琢火","explanation":"1.琢石冒出火星。比喻人生短促。"},{"ci":"琢句","explanation":"1.推敲诗文的字句。"},{"ci":"琢克","explanation":"1.雕刻。"},{"ci":"琢刻","explanation":"1.修饰(文辞)。 \n2.苛责。"},{"ci":"琢炼","explanation":"1.谓精心修饰。"},{"ci":"琢磨","explanation":"①治玉为琢，治石为磨。喻指反覆修炼、磨炼道艺相琢磨｜穷苦的生活琢磨出倔强的性情。②(ｚｕó-)思考；探究我琢磨着这事儿得赶快办｜他的心思谁也琢磨不透。"},{"ci":"琢切","explanation":"1.琢磨切磋。"},{"ci":"琢饰","explanation":"1.雕琢文饰。"},{"ci":"琢削","explanation":"1.雕刻，刻削。 \n2.雕琢，修饰﹑锻炼文辞。"},{"ci":"琢治","explanation":"1.雕琢(玉石等)。"},{"ci":"斲鼻","explanation":"1.亦作\"斵鼻\"。 \n2.喻谓技艺高超。典出《庄子．徐无鬼》\"郢人垩慢其鼻端若蝇翼﹐使匠石斫之;匠石运斤成风﹐听而斫之﹐尽垩而鼻不伤。\""},{"ci":"斲冰","explanation":"1.亦作\"斵冰\"。 \n2.击冰;斫冰。 \n3.谓击水。形容在空明澄澈的水光中打桨。"},{"ci":"斲窗","explanation":"1.亦作\"斵窗\"。 \n2.谓文人才拙。典出唐张鷟《朝野佥载》卷二\"阳滔为中书舍人﹐促命草制词﹐令史持门钥他适﹐无旧本检寻﹐乃斫窗取得之﹐时人号为斫窗舍人。\""},{"ci":"斲雕","explanation":"1.亦作\"斵雕\"。 \n2.去掉雕饰。亦谓斲理雕弊之俗。"},{"ci":"斲棺","explanation":"1.亦作\"斵棺\"。 \n2.劈开棺材。"},{"ci":"斲毁","explanation":"1.亦作\"斵毁\"。 \n2.毁伤。"},{"ci":"斲金","explanation":"1.砍削金属。"},{"ci":"斲掘","explanation":"1.挖掘。"},{"ci":"斲礲","explanation":"1.见\"斫砻\"。"},{"ci":"斲模","explanation":"1.雕琢模拟。"},{"ci":"斲木","explanation":"1.砍削木料。 \n2.鸟名。即啄木鸟。"},{"ci":"斲目","explanation":"1.亦作\"斵目\"。 \n2.砍削木料的节目。"},{"ci":"斲泥","explanation":"1.形容技艺高超。"},{"ci":"斲泥手","explanation":"1.亦作\"斵泥手\"。 \n2.指技艺高超的人。"},{"ci":"斲琴","explanation":"1.亦作\"斵琴\"。 \n2.斫木制琴。"},{"ci":"斲石","explanation":"1.勒石。 \n2.斫取石料。"},{"ci":"斲束","explanation":"1.亦作\"斵束\"。 \n2.紧束。"},{"ci":"斲思","explanation":"1.构思。"},{"ci":"自然辩证法","explanation":"①自然界客观存在的规律性。通过各个自然领域的特殊自然规律和个别过程表现出来。②辩证唯物主义的自然观、自然科学观和自然科学方法论。研究自然界和人们认识自然改造自然的最一般的规律，对自然科学内容和自然科学的产生、发展历史作出哲学概括。③恩格斯的主要著作之一。写于1873-1886年。包括十篇论文、一百六十九段札记和片断、两个计划草案，共一百八十一个部分。有1984年人民出版社版。"},{"ci":"自然崇拜","explanation":"把自然物和自然力视作具有生命、意志和伟大能力的对象而加以崇拜。是最原始的宗教形式。当时人们尚未形成明确的超自然体的观念，但已开始具有将自然物和自然力超自然化的倾向。"},{"ci":"自然村","explanation":"1.民户聚居而自然形成的村落。"},{"ci":"自然地理学","explanation":"地理学分支之一。研究自然环境或其组成部分的科学。按研究的特点，自然地理学可分为综合性和部门性的两组分支科学。综合性的分支科学有综合自然地理学、区域自然地理学、古地理学等。部门性的分支科学有地貌学、气候学、水文地理学、生物地理学、冰川学等。狭义的自然地理学仅指综合自然地理学，部门自然地理学已逐步发展成为一门独立的学科。"},{"ci":"自然对数","explanation":"又称双曲对数”。以超越数И[fc(]e＝1＋11!＋12!＋13!＋…ィ271828…[fc)]И为底的对数。用记号l璶”表示。有自然对数表可查。"},{"ci":"自然而然","explanation":"1.谓出于自然之势﹐不经人力干预而收到预期的成效。"},{"ci":"自然分工","explanation":"人们在劳动中按性别、年龄进行的分工。出现于原始社会，是人类分工的起点。如成年男子从事捕猎等劳动，妇女从事采集和原始种植等劳动，老年人指导生产，小孩帮助妇女劳动。在近代农业和手工业中，也存在自然分工。"},{"ci":"自然观","explanation":"对自然界的总的看法。是世界观的组成部分。唯物主义认为自然界是不依赖人的意识而独立存在的客观物质世界。唯心主义认为自然界是精神或上帝的产物。辩证唯物主义认为自然界是处在永恒运动、变化、发展中的物质世界；自然界一切现象都是对立统一的，它们在一定条件下相互转化；自然界的发展是人类社会发展的前提和基础；人对自然界认识的基础是人所引起的自然界的变化。"},{"ci":"自然光","explanation":"又称天然光”。不直接显示偏振现象的光。天然光源和一般人造光源直接发出的光都是自然光。它包括了垂直于光波传播方向的所有可能的振动方向，所以不显示出偏振性。"},{"ci":"自然规律","explanation":"自然现象固有的、本质的联系。具有不以人的意志为转移的客观性，不能被人改变、创造或消灭，但能利用。它可离开人的实践活动而发生作用，不直接涉及阶级的利益。现代自然科学揭示的规律大体有两类，即机械决定论规律和统计学规律。"},{"ci":"自然环境","explanation":"由岩石、地貌、土壤、水、气候、生物等自然要素构成的自然综合体。又可分为天然环境和人工环境。前者指只受到人类间接或轻微影响而使自然面貌未发生明显变化的地方，如极地、高山、大荒漠、大沼泽、热带雨林、某些自然保护区及人类活动较少的海域◇者指受到人类直接影响和长期作用而使自然面貌发生重大变化的地方，如农业、工矿和城镇用地，以及放牧的草场和采育的林地。"},{"ci":"自然界","explanation":"即自然①”。"},{"ci":"自然经济","explanation":"商品经济”的对称。不是为了交换，而是为了满足生产者或经济单位本身需要而生产的经济形式。在原始社会、奴隶社会和封建社会里占统治地位。具有自给自足、排斥社会分工以及生产单位分散、规模狭小、生产技术墨守陈规等特点。在自然经济形态下，商品生产和商品交换处于从属地位，起着补充的作用。封建社会末期逐渐瓦解，为商品经济所代替。"},{"ci":"自然科学","explanation":"研究自然界的物质形态、结构、性质和运动规律的科学。包括数学、物理学、化学、天文学、生物学等基础科学，以及材料科学、能源科学、农业科学、医学科学等应用技术科学。主要研究运动着的物质、物体，认识自然现象的本质和规律，预见新现象，指出利用自然规律的可能性等。"},{"ci":"自然科学革命","explanation":"由自然科学的一个或几个基本学科的理论变革所导致的整个自然科学系统的根本变革。有时也泛指某一学科的理论变革，如20世纪的天文学革命、分子生物学革命等。它的主要标志是思维方式的变革。一般是观察事实积累到一定程度，特别是某一意义重大的新事实的发现，促使新的理论扬弃原有的理论而成为占统治地位的理论。"},{"ci":"自然科学观","explanation":"对自然科学的性质、理论结构、方法、基本概念、成长条件、发展规律、社会历史作用以及与其他社会意识形式的关系等的哲学思考。辩证唯物主义自然科学观认为，自然科学源于社会实践并随实践的发展而发展；科学的概念、定律、原理是客观规律在人的头脑中的正确反映；科学的发展受社会制度、阶级及其思想体系的影响，但具有相对独立性；自然科学可以转变为直接的生产力，是推动历史前进的革命力量；自然科学是唯物主义哲学的基础，辩证唯物主义是指导自然科学发展的唯一正确的世界观和方法论。"},{"ci":"自然力","explanation":"1.可以利用来代替人力的自然界的动力。如风力﹑水力等。"},{"ci":"自然力锻炼","explanation":"利用日光、空气、水等自然因素锻炼身体的方法。常用的有日光浴、空气浴、水浴等。在户外进行的体育锻炼，也能充分利用自然因素，提高锻炼效果。"},{"ci":"自然美","explanation":"自然事物的美。与社会美合称现实美。主要分为两种形态一是经人类加工改造过的自然对象的美，如田地、园林等；另一是未经人类 加工改造过的自然对象的美，如星空、大海等。它以自然的感性形式直接唤起人的美感。最高表现形态是人体美。"},{"ci":"自然区","explanation":"通常指在一定范围内地质构造、地貌、气候、水文、土壤、植被和动物群落等自然特征具有相对一致性的区域。它可分为综合自然区和部门自然区。前者如中国分为东部季风区、西北干旱区和青藏高寒区三大自然区；后者如地貌区、气候区、水文区、植被区、动物区等。"},{"ci":"自然人","explanation":"①法人”的对称。基于自然出生而依法在民事上享有权利和承担义务的个人。在我国，公民在民事法律地位上和自然人同义。②与社会人”相对。在社会学中指脱离母体后，还没有经历社会化过程的人。只具有人的自然属性，而不具有人的社会属性。"},{"ci":"自然数","explanation":"也称正整数”。用以表示事物个数或给事物编序的数，即1，2，3，…它是由1开始逐次加1而得到的。在现代数学中，往往把0”也归属于自然数中。还可以用公理的形式来定义自然数。参见皮亚诺公理”(1104页)。"},{"ci":"自然条件评价","explanation":"对一个特定地区的自然条件进行综合分析评述，为该地区因地制宜地发展，合理安排生产布局，提高经济、社会、环境综合效益提供依据。内容有(1)自然资源的数量、质量、利用现状和潜力；(2)自然条件与资源分布及相互结合的状况；(3)自然条件对各生产部门的有利及不利因素；(4)提出区域开发利用的方向和步骤。"},{"ci":"自然突变","explanation":"各种自然条件(如温度、光照、干湿度等)剧烈变化引起的基因突变。突变率很低，在高等生物中为亿分之一至万分之一；在低等生物如细菌中，只有百亿分之一至万分之一。"},{"ci":"自然物","explanation":"1.天然生成之物。如人类﹑禽兽﹑鱼介﹑草木﹑矿物等。"},{"ci":"自然现象","explanation":"1.指自然界中的某种状况。如物理现象﹑化学现象等。常与社会现象对称。"},{"ci":"自然选择","explanation":"自然界对生物的选择作用，即适者生存、不适者淘汰的现象。达尔文进化论的核心。在自然条件下，生物普遍存在变异，有利于生存的变异得到保存，不利于生存的变异被淘汰。由此可说明物种形成、生物的适应性和生物界的多样性。"},{"ci":"自然哲学的数学原理","explanation":"书名。牛顿著。1687年问世。共分三编第一编给出质量、动量、惯性、力的定义，阐述力学运动三定律--惯性定律、力和加速度定律、作用与反作用定律；第二编论述质点在气体和液体中的运动，研究了声学；第三编讨论天体运动，总结了万有引力定律。"},{"ci":"自然主义","explanation":"19世纪中后期出现在法国的一种创作倾向。着重描写现实生活的个别现象和琐碎细节，追求事物的外在真实，并企图用自然科学规律特别是生物学规律解释人和社会。代表作家有龚古尔兄弟。左拉的作品中也有较多的自然主义成分。"},{"ci":"自然资源","explanation":"广泛存在于自然界并能为人类利用的自然要素。它们是人类生存的重要基础，是人类生产生活所需的物质和能量的来源，是生产布局的重要条件和场所。一般可分为气候资源、土地资源、水资源、生物资源、矿产资源、旅游资源和海洋资源。"},{"ci":"自燃","explanation":"由缓慢氧化所引起的自发燃烧。稻草、煤炭、擦机器的棉纱等物，如堆放在空气不流通之处，缓慢氧化所产生的热不易散出，温度逐渐升高，时间长了可能达到堆物的着火点，就会引起燃烧。"},{"ci":"自扰","explanation":"1.犹自乱。 \n2.犹自驯。"},{"ci":"自刃","explanation":"1.自杀。"},{"ci":"自任","explanation":"1.自信﹐自用。 \n2.自觉承担;当作自身的职责。 \n3.犹自禁﹐自己承受。"},{"ci":"自恁","explanation":"1.犹自管﹐尽管。 \n2.犹自当﹐本当。"},{"ci":"自容","explanation":"1.谓自己得以容身。"},{"ci":"自如","explanation":"1.犹自若。神态镇定自然。 \n2.犹相当。 \n3.谓依然如故。 \n4.自由;不受拘束。 \n5.活动等不受阻碍。"},{"ci":"自润","explanation":"1.自己得到好处。"},{"ci":"自若","explanation":"1.镇静自如﹐毫不拘束;一如既往﹐依然如故。"},{"ci":"自扫门前雪","explanation":"1.比喻只顾自己﹐不关心别人。"},{"ci":"自色","explanation":"矿物本身固有的颜色。取决于矿物内部性质，因而具有鉴定矿物的意义。"},{"ci":"自杀","explanation":"1.自己杀死自己。"},{"ci":"自善","explanation":"1.自觉行善。"},{"ci":"自擅","explanation":"1.自作主张;独自行动。"},{"ci":"自伤","explanation":"1.自我伤感。 \n2.自己伤害自己。"},{"ci":"自尚","explanation":"1.自高;自负。"},{"ci":"自摄","explanation":"1.自行节制。"},{"ci":"自身","explanation":"1.亲自;自己。"},{"ci":"自神","explanation":"1.谓文艺杰作﹐传神出于自然﹐不靠刻意雕饰。 \n2.自我神化;故弄玄虚。"},{"ci":"自胜","explanation":"1.克制自己。"},{"ci":"自绳","explanation":"1.约束自己。"},{"ci":"自省","explanation":"1.自行省察;自我反省。"},{"ci":"自失","explanation":"1.因感空虚﹑不足而内心若有所失。 \n2.自己失去时机。 \n3.失身。 \n4.自己逃逸。失﹐通\"逸\"。"},{"ci":"自识","explanation":"1.自己知道﹑认识。"},{"ci":"自实","explanation":"1.如实自报。"},{"ci":"自食","explanation":"1.靠己力养活自己。"},{"ci":"自食其果","explanation":"自己承受自己酿成的后果。多指自己做了坏事而受到惩罚他诬告人家，受到了法律的制裁，真是自食其果。"},{"ci":"自食其力","explanation":"1.靠自己的劳动养活自己。"},{"ci":"自食其言","explanation":"1.自己说出的话不算数。形容不守信用。"},{"ci":"自矢","explanation":"1.犹自誓。立志不移。"},{"ci":"自视","explanation":"1.自己看;自己认为。 \n2.看待自己。"},{"ci":"自试","explanation":"1.自我尝试。"},{"ci":"自饰","explanation":"1.文饰或掩盖自己。"},{"ci":"自恃","explanation":"1.自负。 \n2.依靠自己。"},{"ci":"自是","explanation":"1.自以为是。 \n2.自然是;原来是。 \n3.从此。 \n4.犹只是。"},{"ci":"自适","explanation":"1.悠然闲适而自得其乐。"},{"ci":"自释","explanation":"1.自我解释。 \n2.自行宽解。"},{"ci":"自誓","explanation":"1.自己发誓﹐表示决心。"},{"ci":"自守","explanation":"1.自保;自为守卫。 \n2.自坚其操守。"},{"ci":"自首","explanation":"①犯罪后自动投案，向公安、司法机关或其他有关机关如实供述自己的罪行的行为。我国刑法规定，自首的可以从轻或减轻处罚。其中，犯罪较轻的可以免除处罚。被采取强制措施的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人和正在服刑的罪犯，如实供述司法机关还未掌握的本人其他罪行的，以自首论。②叛变投敌，屈节坦白自首变┙冢他被敌人逮捕后，不久便自首了。"},{"ci":"自寿","explanation":"1.自己保重。《国语．楚语下》\"夫盈而不逼，憾而不贰者，臣能自寿，不知其他。\"韦昭注\"寿，保也。\"旧时常用作书信套语，意谓自我保重。宋王安石《上鄌侍鄌书》之二\"伏维以道自寿。\"又《与李修撰书》\"未间，良食自寿。\""},{"ci":"自疏","explanation":"1.谓自求与之疏远。 \n2.犹自解。"},{"ci":"自赎","explanation":"1.以资财入官赎罪或立功以赎罪。 \n2.泛指自赎其罪。 \n3.自行解脱。"},{"ci":"自述","explanation":"1.犹自叙。自己陈说。"},{"ci":"自树","explanation":"1.树立自己的权势;自己有所建树。"},{"ci":"自树一帜","explanation":"1.比喻单独建立一种风格﹑体制﹑派别或力量等。"},{"ci":"自说自话","explanation":"1.方言。自作主张﹐不理会别人意见。"},{"ci":"自私","explanation":"1.只为自己打算;只图个人的利益。 \n2.谓归个人私有。 \n3.偏私。"},{"ci":"自私自利","explanation":"1.只为个人打算﹐不顾国家和别人的利益。"},{"ci":"自肆","explanation":"1.放纵任意。"},{"ci":"自讼","explanation":"孔子提出的自我修养的方法。即对自己的过错进行自我责备，也就是道德上的自我谴责。"},{"ci":"自诉人","explanation":"1.依照法律规定直接向法院提起诉讼的被害人或者他的法定代理人。"},{"ci":"自愬","explanation":"1.见\"自诉\"。"},{"ci":"自随","explanation":"1.跟随在自己身边;随身携带。"},{"ci":"自他","explanation":"1.亦作\"自它\"。 \n2.自视为外人;疏远。 \n3.自己与他人。"},{"ci":"自它","explanation":"1.见\"自他\"。"},{"ci":"自讨","explanation":"1.自我责罚;自请处分。 \n2.自招;自惹。"},{"ci":"自讨苦吃","explanation":"1.谓自寻烦恼;自找困难。"},{"ci":"自替","explanation":"1.自请罢去职务。"},{"ci":"自同寒蝉","explanation":"1.同于深秋时节的蝉。形容噤口不言。"},{"ci":"自投","explanation":"1.将自身投入(致死之处)。 \n2.以头碰地。表示自责之意。 \n3.自行投诚。"},{"ci":"自投罗网","explanation":"原指鱼、鸟或野兽自己投入到罗网中来。比喻自己钻进对方设下的圈套他是自投罗网来送死┑模明知敌人已设下埋伏，为什么你还要去自投罗网呢?"},{"ci":"自投网罗","explanation":"1.见\"自投罗网\"。"},{"ci":"自托","explanation":"1.见\"自托\"。"},{"ci":"自脱","explanation":"1.犹自免;自行解脱。"},{"ci":"自外","explanation":"1.自视为外人;自行疏远。 \n2.置身于事物之外。 \n3.自别;自异。 \n4.犹此外。 \n5.对外。 6.犹在外。"},{"ci":"自完","explanation":"1.犹自保;自全。"},{"ci":"自危","explanation":"1.自感处境危殆。"},{"ci":"自为","explanation":"1.自己做;自己治理。 \n2.自己做主﹐自作决定。 \n3.自然而成。 \n4.看待自己。为﹐认为。"},{"ci":"自为阶级","explanation":"1.指进入自觉斗争阶段的无产阶级。"},{"ci":"自卫","explanation":"1.保卫自己。"},{"ci":"自卫队","explanation":"1.在民主革命战争时期﹐解放区里配合正规军队作战的群众武装队伍。"},{"ci":"自卫军","explanation":"1.在民主革命战争时期﹐解放区里配合正规军队作战的地方人民武装组织。"},{"ci":"自卫权","explanation":"一国在受到别国武装侵犯时采取武力手段捍卫自身生存和安全的权利。是一国为保卫其主权和领土完整所采取的自卫行动。"},{"ci":"自慰","explanation":"1.自我宽慰。"},{"ci":"自文","explanation":"1.自为文饰﹐掩盖过错。"},{"ci":"自刎","explanation":"1.自割其颈。即自杀。"},{"ci":"自问","explanation":"1.自己衡量。 \n2.自己问自己。"},{"ci":"自我","explanation":"1.指自己。 \n2.谓自己对自己。 \n3.自己肯定自己。 \n4.相偶;相依。自﹐犹相。"},{"ci":"自我表现","explanation":"1.显示或宣扬自己的优点﹐使自己突出。"},{"ci":"自我教育","explanation":"1.在自觉基础上﹐通过批评和自我批评﹐提高认识﹐改造思想﹐接受教育。"},{"ci":"自我解嘲","explanation":"1.自己以言语或行动来掩盖﹑粉饰被人嘲笑的事情。"},{"ci":"自我批评","explanation":"1.自觉地针对自己思想和行为上的缺点﹑错误﹐作实事求是的检讨﹐以期达到改正的目的。"},{"ci":"自我陶醉","explanation":"1.谓自己沉醉于某种事物或境界而盲目地加以欣赏。"},{"ci":"自我中心","explanation":"皮亚杰提出的心理学名词。指儿童在前运算阶段(2-7岁)只会从自己的立场与观点去认识事物，而不能从客观的、他人的立场和观点去认识事物。如当自己的汤是热的时，就认为别人的汤也是热的。这种认识上的自我中心与利己主义不同。"},{"ci":"自我作古","explanation":"意为由自己创始，不因袭前人或旧例创此宏模，自我作古｜苟不然者，自我作古，何不可之有?"},{"ci":"自我作故","explanation":"1.见\"自我作古\"。"},{"ci":"自诬","explanation":"1.自行承认妄加于己的不实之词。 \n2.自欺。 \n3.轻视自己。"},{"ci":"自寤","explanation":"1.自我启发。"},{"ci":"自昔","explanation":"1.往昔;从前。"},{"ci":"自熹","explanation":"1.见\"自喜\"。"},{"ci":"自习","explanation":"1.在课外或工馀自学。"},{"ci":"自喜","explanation":"1.亦作\"自熹\"。亦作\"自憙\"。 \n2.自乐;自我欣赏。 \n3.自己爱好。"},{"ci":"自憙","explanation":"1.见\"自喜\"。"}]