word-vault/dist/data/cards/tu/turn.json

A lightweight JavaScript package for English word definitions and collections.

{
    "term": "turn",
    "partOfSpeech": "verblinking verblinking verb",
    "ox3000": true,
    "cefr": "a1",
    "verbForms": {
        "presentSimple": {
            "iYouWeThey": "turn",
            "heSheIt": "turns"
        },
        "pastSimple": "turned",
        "pastParticiple": "turned",
        "ingForm": "turning"
    },
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "to move or make something move around a central point",
            "sensetop": "+ adv./prep.turn somethingturn something + adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The wheels of the car began to turn."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I can't get the screw to turn."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The blades of the helicopter were turning slowly.",
                    "contextForm": "+ adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I turned the knob and pushed the door open.",
                    "contextForm": "turn something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He turned the key in the lock.",
                    "contextForm": "turn something + adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She turned the wheel sharply to the left."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "to move your body or part of your body so as to face or start moving in a different direction",
            "sensetop": "turn to do something+ adv./prep.turn something + adv./prep.turn something",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "We turned and headed for home."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She turned to look at me.",
                    "contextForm": "turn to do something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He turned back to his work.",
                    "contextForm": "+ adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I turned away and looked out of the window."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He **turned his back** to the wall.",
                    "contextForm": "turn something + adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I **turned my face** to the sky."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She **turned her head** away."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I only turned my back for a second.",
                    "contextForm": "turn something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Lee turned to face her."
                },
                {
                    "text": "While his back was turned (= towards me) I sneaked a look at his notes."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "to move something so that it is in a different position or facing a different direction",
            "sensetop": "turn something + adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She turned the chair on its side to repair it."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Turn the sweater inside out before you wash it."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 4,
            "definition": "to change the direction you are moving or travelling in; to make something change the direction it is moving in",
            "sensetop": "turn into something+ adv./prep.turn left/rightturn somethingturn something into somethingturn something + adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He turned into a narrow street.",
                    "contextForm": "turn into something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "We turned down a dark alleyway.",
                    "contextForm": "+ adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Turn left at the traffic lights.",
                    "contextForm": "turn left/right"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The man **turned the corner** and disappeared.",
                    "contextForm": "turn something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "I turned the car into the car park.",
                    "contextForm": "turn something into something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The pilot attempted to turn the aircraft towards a wooded area.",
                    "contextForm": "turn something + adv./prep."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Transport by car or lorry"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 5,
            "definition": "to bend or curve in a particular direction",
            "sensetop": "(+ adv./prep.)",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The road turns to the left after the church."
                },
                {
                    "text": "After a while the path turns sharply right."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The river turns north at this point."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 6,
            "definition": "if you turn a page of a book or magazine, you move it so that you can read the next page",
            "sensetop": "turn somethingturn to something",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He sat turning the pages idly.",
                    "contextForm": "turn something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Turn to p.23.",
                    "contextForm": "turn to something"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 7,
            "definition": "to change into a particular state or condition; to make something do this",
            "sensetop": "+ adj.turn something + adj.+ noun",
            "cefr": "a2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The leaves were turning brown.",
                    "contextForm": "+ adj."
                },
                {
                    "text": "They say her hair turned white overnight."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I could feel my face **turn red** with embarrassment."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The weather has turned cold."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He turned nasty when we refused to give him the money."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He decided to **turn professional**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The heat turned the milk sour.",
                    "contextForm": "turn something + adj."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She turned a deathly shade of white when she heard the news.",
                    "contextForm": "+ noun"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He's a lawyer turned politician *(= he used to be a lawyer but is now a politician)*."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 8,
            "definition": "to aim or point something in a particular direction",
            "sensetop": "turn something on somebody/something/yourselfturn something to somebody/something/yourselfturn to somebody/something/yourself",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Police turned water cannon on the rioters.",
                    "contextForm": "turn something on somebody/something/yourself"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He turned the gun on himself."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She looked at him then turned her attention back to me.",
                    "contextForm": "turn something to somebody/something/yourself"
                },
                {
                    "text": "His thoughts turned to his dead wife.",
                    "contextForm": "turn to somebody/something/yourself"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Don't turn your anger on the children."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Many supporters are now turning their criticism on the manager."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He tried to forget the events of past few days and turned his thoughts to practical tasks."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 9,
            "definition": "to start to come in or go out",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The tide is turning—we'd better get back."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 10,
            "definition": "to make or let somebody/something go into a particular place or state",
            "sensetop": "turn something + adv./prep.turn something + adj.",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "They turned the horse into the field.",
                    "contextForm": "turn something + adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "to turn the dogs loose",
                    "contextForm": "turn something + adj."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 11,
            "definition": "to fold something in a particular way",
            "sensetop": "turn something + adv./prep.",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She turned down the blankets and climbed into bed."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He turned up the collar of his coat and hurried out into the rain."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 12,
            "definition": "to perform a movement by moving your body in a circle",
            "sensetop": "turn something",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "to turn cartwheels/somersaults"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 13,
            "definition": "if a game turns or somebody turns it, it changes the way it is developing so that a different person or team starts to win",
            "sensetop": "turn (something) (around)",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 14,
            "definition": "to reach or pass a particular age or time",
            "sensetop": "+ noun",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She turns 21 in June."
                },
                {
                    "text": "It's turned midnight."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 15,
            "definition": "when your stomach turns or something turns your stomach, you feel as though you will vomit",
            "sensetop": "turn (your stomach)",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 16,
            "definition": "to shape something on a lathe",
            "sensetop": "turn something",
            "labels": "(specialist)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "to turn a chair leg"
                },
                {
                    "text": "turned boxes and bowls"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "as was shown or proved by later events",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "I didn't need my umbrella, as it turned out *(= because it didn't rain)*."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to be well, badly, etc. dressed",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "likely to be very shocked or angry",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "My father would turn in his grave if he knew."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "used to report what somebody says or does, when this is surprising or annoying",
            "labels": "(informal)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "How could she turn round and say that, after all I've done for her?"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/tɜːn/",
                "audio": "tu/turn/turn__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/tɜːnz/",
                "audio": "tu/turn/turns__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/tɜːnd/",
                "audio": "tu/turn/turned__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈtɜːnɪŋ/",
                "audio": "tu/turn/turning__gb_1.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/tɜːrn/",
                "audio": "tu/turn/turn__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/tɜːrnz/",
                "audio": "tu/turn/turns__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/tɜːrnd/",
                "audio": "tu/turn/turned__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/",
                "audio": "tu/turn/turning__us_1.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "Old English tyrnan, turnian (verb), from Latin tornare, from tornus ‘lathe’, from Greek tornos ‘lathe, circular movement’; probably reinforced in Middle English by Old French turner. The noun (Middle English) is partly from Anglo-Norman French tourn, partly from the verb."
}