word-vault

{ "term": "rub", "partOfSpeech": "verb", "ox3000": true, "cefr": "b2", "verbForms": { "presentSimple": { "iYouWeThey": "rub", "heSheIt": "rubs" }, "pastSimple": "rubbed", "pastParticiple": "rubbed", "ingForm": "rubbing" }, "definitions": [ { "senseNumber": 1, "definition": "to move your hand, a cloth, etc., backwards and forwards over a surface while pressing it", "sensetop": "rub somethingrub something + adv./prep.rub something/yourself with somethingrub something/yourself against somethingrub at somethingrub against somethingrub something/yourself + adj.rub + noun", "cefr": "b2", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "He sat up on the hard bunk and rubbed his eyes.", "contextForm": "rub something" }, { "text": "She rubbed her chin thoughtfully." }, { "text": "He rubbed a hand wearily over his eyes.", "contextForm": "rub something + adv./prep." }, { "text": "Rub the surface with sandpaper before painting.", "contextForm": "rub something/yourself with something" }, { "text": "The cat rubbed itself against my legs.", "contextForm": "rub something/yourself against something" }, { "text": "I rubbed at the stain on the cloth.", "contextForm": "rub at something" }, { "text": "Animals had been rubbing against the trees.", "contextForm": "rub against something" }, { "text": "Rub the surface smooth.", "contextForm": "rub something/yourself + adj." }, { "text": "She rubbed her hair dry quickly with a towel." }, { "text": "I rubbed a clear patch on the window with my fingers.", "contextForm": "rub + noun" }, { "text": "He gently rubbed his swollen nose." }, { "text": "I rubbed my glasses with my handkerchief." }, { "text": "She rubbed her hands on her apron." }, { "text": "She stood up, rubbing at her back." } ], "collocations": { "adverb": ["hard", "vigorously", "well"], "verb + rub": ["begin to"], "preposition": ["against", "at", "into"] } }, { "senseNumber": 2, "definition": "to press two surfaces against each other and move them backwards and forwards; to be pressed together and move in this way", "sensetop": "rub something rub something togetherrub together", "cefr": "b2", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "She rubbed her hands in delight.", "contextForm": "rub something" }, { "text": "In some cultures, people traditionally greet each other by rubbing noses." }, { "text": "She rubbed her hands together in effort to warm them.", "contextForm": "rub something together" }, { "text": "He made a fire by rubbing sticks together." }, { "text": "It sounded like two pieces of wood rubbing together.", "contextForm": "rub together" } ], "collocations": { "adverb": ["hard", "vigorously", "well"], "verb + rub": ["begin to"], "preposition": ["against", "at", "into"] } }, { "senseNumber": 3, "definition": "to move backwards and forwards many times against something while pressing it, especially causing pain or damage", "sensetop": "rub on/against somethingrub something (+ adj.)", "cefr": "b2", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "The back of my shoe is rubbing." }, { "text": "The wheel is rubbing on the mudguard.", "contextForm": "rub on/against something" }, { "text": "Their perpetually wet clothes rubbed against their skin." }, { "text": "The horse's neck was **rubbed raw** *(= until the skin came off)* where the rope had been.", "contextForm": "rub something (+ adj.)" } ] }, { "senseNumber": 4, "definition": "to spread a liquid or other substance over a surface while pressing it", "sensetop": "rub something into/onto somethingrub something on/over somethingrub something in", "cefr": "b2", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "She rubbed the lotion into her skin.", "contextForm": "rub something into/onto something" }, { "text": "Rub salt over the fish before cooking.", "contextForm": "rub something on/over something" }, { "text": "Put a little cream onto each hand and rub it in well.", "contextForm": "rub something in" } ], "collocations": { "adverb": ["hard", "vigorously", "well"], "verb + rub": ["begin to"], "preposition": ["against", "at", "into"] } }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "to be very poor, stupid, etc.", "labels": "(informal)", "examples": [] }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "to keep reminding somebody in an unkind way of their past mistakes", "labels": "(informal)", "examples": [] }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "to make a difficult experience even more difficult for somebody", "examples": [] }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "to meet and spend time with a famous person, socially or as part of your job", "examples": [ { "text": "He’s rubbing shoulders with stars all the time." }, { "text": "She had been rubbing elbows with celebrities." } ] }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "to make somebody annoyed or angry, often without intending to, by doing or saying something that offends them", "labels": "(informal)", "examples": [ { "text": "She tends to rub people up the wrong way." } ] } ], "pronunciations": { "uk": [ { "pronunciation": "/rʌb/", "audio": "ru/rub/rub__gb_1.mp3" }, { "pronunciation": "/rʌbz/", "audio": "ru/rub/rubs__gb_1.mp3" }, { "pronunciation": "/rʌbd/", "audio": "ru/rub/rubbed__gb_1.mp3" }, { "pronunciation": "/ˈrʌbɪŋ/", "audio": "ru/rub/rubbing__gb_2.mp3" } ], "us": [ { "pronunciation": "/rʌb/", "audio": "ru/rub/rub__us_1.mp3" }, { "pronunciation": "/rʌbz/", "audio": "ru/rub/rubs__us_1.mp3" }, { "pronunciation": "/rʌbd/", "audio": "ru/rub/rubbed__us_1.mp3" }, { "pronunciation": "/ˈrʌbɪŋ/", "audio": "ru/rub/rubbing__us_2.mp3" } ] }, "wordOrigin": "Middle English (as a verb): perhaps from Low German rubben, of unknown ultimate origin. The noun dates from the late 16th cent." }