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A lightweight JavaScript package for English word definitions and collections.
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{
"term": "restraint",
"partOfSpeech": "noun",
"academic": true,
"ox5000": true,
"cefr": "c1",
"definitions": [
{
"senseNumber": 1,
"definition": "a rule, a fact, an idea, etc. that limits or controls what people can do",
"sensetop": "restraint (on somebody/something)",
"cefr": "c1",
"examples": [
{
"text": "The government has imposed export restraints on some products."
},
{
"text": "social restraints on drinking alcohol"
},
{
"text": "The government imposed restraints on spending."
},
{
"text": "They balked at the notion of prior restraints on research."
},
{
"text": "We did the best we could within the limited time restraints."
},
{
"text": "What happens when the conventional restraints on human cruelty are removed?"
},
{
"text": "agreements on voluntary export restraints"
},
{
"text": "There are certain social restraints on drinking alcohol."
}
],
"collocations": {
"adjective": ["voluntary", "conventional", "physical"],
"verb + restraint": ["impose", "use", "remove"],
"preposition": ["without restraint", "restraint on", "restraint upon"]
}
},
{
"senseNumber": 2,
"definition": "the act of controlling or limiting something because it is necessary or sensible to do so",
"sensetop": "without restraint",
"cefr": "c1",
"examples": [
{
"text": "The unions are unlikely to accept any sort of wage restraint."
},
{
"text": "They said that they would fight without restraint *(= completely freely)* for what they wanted.",
"contextForm": "without restraint"
},
{
"text": "talks on voluntary wage restraint"
},
{
"text": "the government's need to exercise fiscal restraint"
},
{
"text": "Prices continued to rise without restraint."
}
],
"collocations": {
"adjective": ["voluntary", "conventional", "physical"],
"verb + restraint": ["impose", "use", "remove"],
"preposition": ["without restraint", "restraint on", "restraint upon"]
}
},
{
"senseNumber": 3,
"definition": "the quality of behaving calmly and with control",
"cefr": "c1",
"examples": [
{
"text": "The police appealed to the crowd for restraint."
},
{
"text": "He **exercised** considerable **restraint** in ignoring the insults."
},
{
"text": "Finally he was able to cry properly, without restraint."
},
{
"text": "He abandoned all restraint and yelled at the top of his lungs."
},
{
"text": "Journalists have exercised remarkable restraint in not reporting all the sordid details of the case."
},
{
"text": "Somehow I had the restraint not to tell Peter that."
},
{
"text": "The government called for restraint by both sides."
},
{
"text": "The media should have used more restraint in disclosing his private life."
},
{
"text": "The role requires a certain restraint."
},
{
"text": "They reacted with restraint."
},
{
"text": "the mutual restraint shown by police and protesters."
}
],
"synonyms": "self-control",
"collocations": {
"adjective": ["considerable", "great", "remarkable"],
"verb + restraint": ["have", "exercise", "practise/practice"],
"preposition": ["with restraint", "without restraint", "restraint by"]
}
},
{
"senseNumber": 4,
"definition": "the use of physical force to control somebody who is behaving in a violent way",
"labels": "(formal)",
"examples": [
{
"text": "the physical restraint of prisoners"
},
{
"text": "Sometimes the care workers need to use physical restraint on the hospital patients."
},
{
"text": "guilty of the charge of unlawful restraint"
}
],
"collocations": {
"adjective": ["voluntary", "conventional", "physical"],
"verb + restraint": ["impose", "use", "remove"],
"preposition": ["without restraint", "restraint on", "restraint upon"]
}
},
{
"senseNumber": 5,
"definition": "a type of seat belt or safety device",
"labels": "(formal)",
"examples": [
{
"text": "Children must use an approved child restraint or adult seat belt."
}
]
}
],
"pronunciations": {
"uk": [
{
"pronunciation": "/rɪˈstreɪnt/",
"audio": "re/restraint/restraint__gb_1.mp3"
}
],
"us": [
{
"pronunciation": "/rɪˈstreɪnt/",
"audio": "re/restraint/restraint__us_1.mp3"
}
]
},
"wordOrigin": "late Middle English: from Old French restreinte, feminine past participle of restreindre ‘hold back’, from Latin restringere, from re- ‘back’ + stringere ‘to tie, pull tight’."
}