word-vault
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A lightweight JavaScript package for English word definitions and collections.
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{
"term": "presume",
"partOfSpeech": "verb",
"academic": true,
"ox5000": true,
"cefr": "c1",
"verbForms": {
"presentSimple": {
"iYouWeThey": "presume",
"heSheIt": "presumes"
},
"pastSimple": "presumed",
"pastParticiple": "presumed",
"ingForm": "presuming"
},
"definitions": [
{
"senseNumber": 1,
"definition": "to suppose that something is true, although you do not have actual proof",
"sensetop": "presume (that)…it is presumed that…presume somebody/something to be/have something",
"cefr": "c1",
"examples": [
{
"text": "They are very expensive, I presume?"
},
{
"text": "‘Is he still abroad?’ ‘**I presume so**.’"
},
{
"text": "I presumed (that) he understood the rules.",
"contextForm": "presume (that)…"
},
{
"text": "Little is known of the youngest son; it is presumed that he died young.",
"contextForm": "it is presumed that…"
},
{
"text": "I presumed him to be her husband.",
"contextForm": "presume somebody/something to be/have something"
},
{
"text": "I had presumed wrongly that Jenny would be there."
},
{
"text": "I presumed that he understood the rules."
},
{
"text": "They presumed that she wouldn't be interested in the job because of the low salary."
}
],
"synonyms": "assume",
"collocations": {
"adverb": ["correctly", "wrongly", "reasonably"],
"phrases": [
"be presumed dead",
"be presumed guilty",
"be presumed innocent"
]
}
},
{
"senseNumber": 2,
"definition": "to accept that something is true until it is shown not to be true, especially in court",
"sensetop": "presume somebody/something + adj.presume somethingpresume somebody/something to be/have something",
"cefr": "c1",
"examples": [
{
"text": "Twelve passengers are missing, **presumed dead**.",
"contextForm": "presume somebody/something + adj."
},
{
"text": "In English law, a person is **presumed innocent** until proved guilty."
},
{
"text": "We must presume innocence until we have proof of guilt.",
"contextForm": "presume something"
},
{
"text": "We must presume them to be innocent until we have proof of guilt.",
"contextForm": "presume somebody/something to be/have something"
}
],
"collocations": {
"adverb": ["correctly", "wrongly", "reasonably"],
"phrases": [
"be presumed dead",
"be presumed guilty",
"be presumed innocent"
]
}
},
{
"senseNumber": 3,
"definition": "to accept something as true or existing and to act on that basis",
"sensetop": "presume something",
"labels": "(formal)",
"examples": [
{
"text": "The course seems to presume some previous knowledge of the subject."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 4,
"definition": "to behave in a way that shows a lack of respect by doing something that you have no right to do",
"sensetop": "presume to do something",
"labels": "(formal)",
"examples": [
{
"text": "I wouldn't presume to tell you how to run your own business."
}
]
}
],
"pronunciations": {
"uk": [
{
"pronunciation": "/prɪˈzjuːm/",
"audio": "pr/presume/presume__gb_2.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/prɪˈzjuːmz/",
"audio": "pr/presume/presumes__gb_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/prɪˈzjuːmd/",
"audio": "pr/presume/presumed__gb_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/prɪˈzjuːmɪŋ/",
"audio": "pr/presume/presuming__gb_1.mp3"
}
],
"us": [
{
"pronunciation": "/prɪˈzuːm/",
"audio": "pr/presume/presume__us_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/prɪˈzuːmz/",
"audio": "pr/presume/presumes__us_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/prɪˈzuːmd/",
"audio": "pr/presume/presumed__us_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/prɪˈzuːmɪŋ/",
"audio": "pr/presume/presuming__us_2.mp3"
}
]
},
"wordOrigin": "late Middle English: from Old French presumer, from Latin praesumere ‘anticipate’ (in late Latin ‘take for granted’), from prae ‘before’ + sumere ‘take’."
}