word-vault

{ "term": "pressure", "partOfSpeech": "noun", "ox3000": true, "cefr": "b1", "definitions": [ { "senseNumber": 1, "definition": "the act of trying to persuade or to force somebody to do something", "sensetop": "pressure for somethingpressure on somebodypressure on somebody to do somethingpressure to do somethingpressure from somebody/something", "cefr": "b1", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "The pressure for change continued to mount.", "contextForm": "pressure for something" }, { "text": "We are determined to keep up the pressure on the other member states.", "contextForm": "pressure on somebody" }, { "text": "There is **intense pressure** on her to resign.", "contextForm": "pressure on somebody to do something" }, { "text": "In every society there is strong pressure to conform.", "contextForm": "pressure to do something" }, { "text": "Do you **feel any pressure** to dress in a certain way?" }, { "text": "We must **bring pressure to bear** on our government to reverse this decision." }, { "text": "The company is facing **increasing pressure** from shareholders", "contextForm": "pressure from somebody/something" }, { "text": "The government eventually bowed to **popular pressure** *(= they agreed to do what people were trying to get them to do)*." }, { "text": "pressure from religious groups" }, { "text": "pressure for change in the country's economy" }, { "text": "This has heightened pressure for economic sanctions against the regime." }, { "text": "Retailers face added pressure to have the products available by Christmas." }, { "text": "Large companies were criticized for using pressure tactics against small suppliers." }, { "text": "This concession would not have happened but for the pressure that was brought to bear on the authorities." } ], "topics": ["Discussion and agreement", "Business"], "collocations": { "adjective": ["enormous", "great", "intense"], "verb + pressure": ["bring to bear", "exert", "generate"], "pressure + verb": ["intensify", "mount"], "pressure + noun": ["group", "tactic"], "preposition": ["under pressure", "pressure for", "pressure from"], "phrases": [ "keep the pressure on somebody", "keep up the pressure on somebody", "maintain the pressure on somebody" ] } }, { "senseNumber": 2, "definition": "difficulties and worries that are caused by the need to achieve or to behave in a particular way", "sensetop": "pressure of somethingpressure on somebody", "cefr": "b1", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "You need to be able to handle pressure in this job." }, { "text": "She was unable to attend because of the pressure of work.", "contextForm": "pressure of something" }, { "text": "How can anyone enjoy the pressures of city life?" }, { "text": "The economic pressures on small businesses are intense.", "contextForm": "pressure on somebody" }, { "text": "His own desires conflict with external pressures to conform." }, { "text": "When more people move into an area, that creates pressures." }, { "text": "They are looking for ways to ease the pressure of their stress-filled, competitive existence." }, { "text": "There's a lot of pressure on the soldiers preparing for battle." } ], "collocations": { "adjective": ["considerable", "constant", "intolerable"], "verb + pressure": [ "place somebody under", "put somebody under", "create" ], "pressure + verb": ["build up", "increase"], "preposition": ["under pressure", "pressure on"], "phrases": ["pressure of work"] } }, { "senseNumber": 3, "definition": "the force or weight with which something presses against something else", "cefr": "b2", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "The nurse **applied pressure** to his arm to stop the bleeding." }, { "text": "The barriers gave way under the pressure of the crowd." }, { "text": "Last year he had brain surgery to **relieve pressure** from a blood clot." }, { "text": "Pressure sensors in the seats tell the system which ones aren't occupied." }, { "text": "Reducing the swelling will relieve the pressure on her spine." }, { "text": "The door swung open beneath the gentle pressure of Jill's hand." } ], "topics": ["Physics and chemistry"], "collocations": { "adjective": ["gentle", "light", "firm"], "verb + pressure": ["apply", "exert", "put"], "pressure + noun": ["sensor"] } }, { "senseNumber": 4, "definition": "the force produced by a particular amount of gas or liquid in a container or a limited space; the amount of this", "cefr": "b2", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "**air/water pressure**" }, { "text": "Check the **tyre pressure** *(= the amount of air in a tyre)* regularly." }, { "text": "a pressure gauge *(= an instrument used for measuring the pressure of a liquid or a gas)*" } ], "topics": ["Physics and chemistry"], "collocations": { "adjective": ["elevated", "high", "low"], "pressure + verb": ["build up", "increase", "rise"], "pressure + noun": ["gauge", "valve", "cooker"] } }, { "senseNumber": 5, "definition": "the effect that something has on the way a situation develops, especially when this causes problems", "sensetop": "pressure (on something)", "cefr": "b2", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "This **puts** upward **pressure** on prices." }, { "text": "The high unemployment rate was **exerting** downward **pressure** on wage growth." }, { "text": "These measures are intended to **relieve the pressure** on the prison system." }, { "text": "They raised the starting threshold for income tax to **ease the pressure** on family budgets." } ] }, { "senseNumber": 6, "definition": "the force of the atmosphere on the earth’s surface", "cefr": "c2", "examples": [ { "text": "A band of **high/low pressure** is moving across the country." } ], "topics": ["Weather"], "collocations": { "adjective": ["elevated", "high", "low"], "pressure + verb": ["build up", "increase", "rise"], "pressure + noun": ["gauge", "valve", "cooker"] } }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "to force or to try to persuade somebody to do something", "examples": [ { "text": "Advertisements put pressure on girls to be thin." }, { "text": "My parents never put any pressure on me to get a job." }, { "text": "Her family put great pressure on her not to marry him." }, { "text": "the use of the internet to put international pressure on authoritarian regimes" } ] }, { "senseNumber": 1, "definition": "if a liquid or a gas is kept under pressure, it is forced into a container so that when the container is opened, the liquid or gas escapes quickly", "examples": [ { "text": "Draught beer is pumped out of the barrel under pressure." } ] }, { "senseNumber": 2, "definition": "being forced to do something", "examples": [ { "text": "The director is under increasing pressure to resign." }, { "text": "Hospital staff are **coming under pressure** to work longer hours." }, { "text": "The pound came under pressure from foreign currencies today." }, { "text": "Management is under pressure to set an example on pay restraint." }, { "text": "Manufacturers are under pressure to put profit ahead of safety." }, { "text": "The President is coming under pressure to call a referendum." } ] }, { "senseNumber": 3, "definition": "made to feel anxious about something you have to do", "examples": [ { "text": "The team performs well under pressure." }, { "text": "He's felt under pressure since his wife had the operation." } ] } ], "pronunciations": { "uk": [ { "pronunciation": "/ˈpreʃə(r)/", "audio": "pr/pressure/pressure__gb_2.mp3" } ], "us": [ { "pronunciation": "/ˈpreʃər/", "audio": "pr/pressure/pressure__us_2.mp3" } ] }, "wordOrigin": "late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin pressura, from press- ‘pressed’, from the verb premere." }