word-vault

{ "term": "penalty", "partOfSpeech": "noun", "ox5000": true, "cefr": "b2", "definitions": [ { "senseNumber": 1, "definition": "a punishment for breaking a law, rule or contract", "sensetop": "penalty for (doing) somethingwithout penaltyon penalty of something", "cefr": "b2", "examples": [ { "text": "to impose a penalty" }, { "text": "Assault **carries a** maximum **penalty** of seven years' imprisonment." }, { "text": "The penalty for travelling without a ticket is £200.", "contextForm": "penalty for (doing) something" }, { "text": "Contractors who fall behind schedule incur heavy financial penalties." }, { "text": "Harsher penalties are being imposed for crimes involving firearms." }, { "text": "a **penalty clause** in a contract" }, { "text": "You can withdraw money from the account at any time without penalty.", "contextForm": "without penalty" }, { "text": "The Romans prohibited the teaching of the Torah on penalty of death.", "contextForm": "on penalty of something" }, { "text": "He threatened stiffer penalties on young offenders." }, { "text": "He was seeking financial penalties against the company." }, { "text": "Some lenders charge heavy penalties for early settlement." }, { "text": "The legislation sanctions harsh mandatory penalties for weapons possession." }, { "text": "The penalty handed down was disproportionate to the crime committed." }, { "text": "There are redemption penalties if you pay off the mortgage early." }, { "text": "These crimes carried with them the ultimate penalty of execution." }, { "text": "They made him promise, under penalty of death." }, { "text": "You must accept the penalty for your rash actions." }, { "text": "crimes which carry severe penalties" }, { "text": "the heavy financial penalties of paying off the loan early" }, { "text": "the penalty for murder" }, { "text": "They deserve to face severe penalties." }, { "text": "The application should be signed under penalty of perjury." } ], "topics": ["Crime and punishment", "Money"], "collocations": { "adjective": ["harsh", "heavy", "hefty"], "verb + penalty": ["impose", "introduce", "levy"], "penalty + noun": ["fee", "notice", "ticket"], "preposition": ["on penalty of", "under penalty of", "penalty for"] } }, { "senseNumber": 2, "definition": "a disadvantage suffered as a result of something", "sensetop": "penalty (of something)", "cefr": "c1", "examples": [ { "text": "One of the penalties of fame is loss of privacy." }, { "text": "It's just one of the penalties of fame." }, { "text": "People who lose their jobs are suffering the penalties for longer periods." } ], "collocations": { "verb + penalty": ["pay", "suffer", "accept"], "preposition": ["penalty for", "penalty of"] } }, { "senseNumber": 3, "definition": "a disadvantage given to a player or a team when they break a rule", "cefr": "c1", "examples": [ { "text": "He incurred a ten-second penalty in the first round." } ] }, { "senseNumber": 4, "definition": "a chance to score a goal or point without any defending players, except the goalkeeper, trying to stop it; the goal or point that is given if it is successful. This chance is given because the other team has broken the rules.", "cefr": "c1", "examples": [ { "text": "Two minutes later Ford equalized with a penalty." }, { "text": "We **were awarded a penalty** after a late tackle." }, { "text": "I volunteered to **take the penalty** *(= be the person who tries to score the goal/point)*." }, { "text": "He **missed a penalty** in the last minute of the game." }, { "text": "They won, thanks to a late penalty from Fry." }, { "text": "We were unlucky not to get a penalty." }, { "text": "They were leading until Rice gave away a penalty." }, { "text": "Ricketts netted his third penalty of the season to put his team ahead." }, { "text": "Kane scored from a first-half penalty." } ], "topics": ["Sports: ball and racket sports"], "collocations": { "adjective": ["controversial", "disputed", "dodgy"], "verb + penalty": ["award (somebody)", "give (somebody)", "concede"], "penalty + noun": ["area", "box", "corner"], "preposition": ["penalty by", "penalty from"] } }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "to suffer because of bad luck, a mistake or something you have done", "examples": [ { "text": "He looked terrible this morning. I think he's paying the penalty for all those late nights." }, { "text": "They're now paying the price for past mistakes." }, { "text": "She thinks that any inconvenience is **a price worth paying** for living in such a beautiful place." }, { "text": "He's now paying the penalty for his misspent youth." }, { "text": "If Mac had killed Caroline, then he was going to make him pay the price." } ] } ], "pronunciations": { "uk": [ { "pronunciation": "/ˈpenəlti/", "audio": "pe/penalty/penalty__gb_1.mp3" } ], "us": [ { "pronunciation": "/ˈpenəlti/", "audio": "pe/penalty/penalty__us_1.mp3" } ] }, "wordOrigin": "early 16th cent.: probably via Anglo-Norman French, from medieval Latin poenalitas, based on poena ‘pain’." }