word-vault
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A lightweight JavaScript package for English word definitions and collections.
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{
"term": "penalize",
"partOfSpeech": "verb",
"verbForms": {
"presentSimple": {
"iYouWeThey": "penalize",
"heSheIt": "penalizes"
},
"pastSimple": "penalized",
"pastParticiple": "penalized",
"ingForm": "penalizing"
},
"definitions": [
{
"senseNumber": 1,
"definition": "to punish somebody for breaking a rule or law by making them suffer a disadvantage",
"sensetop": "penalize somebody (for something)",
"cefr": "c1",
"examples": [
{
"text": "You will be penalized for poor spelling."
},
{
"text": "Students will be penalized for mistakes in spelling and grammar."
},
{
"text": "The law is designed to reward those who conserve and penalize those who pollute."
}
],
"topics": ["Crime and punishment"],
"collocations": {
"adverb": ["heavily", "severely", "unfairly"],
"preposition": ["for"]
}
},
{
"senseNumber": 2,
"definition": "to punish somebody for breaking a rule in a sport or game by giving an advantage to their opponent",
"sensetop": "penalize somebody (for something)penalize something",
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was penalized for time-wasting.",
"contextForm": "penalize somebody (for something)"
},
{
"text": "Foul play will be severely penalized.",
"contextForm": "penalize something"
}
],
"collocations": {
"adverb": ["heavily", "severely", "unfairly"],
"preposition": ["for"]
}
},
{
"senseNumber": 3,
"definition": "to put somebody at a disadvantage by treating them unfairly",
"sensetop": "penalize somebody",
"examples": [
{
"text": "The new law appears to penalize the poorest members of society."
},
{
"text": "He felt penalized because of his age."
},
{
"text": "He claims that he was unfairly penalized."
},
{
"text": "It is wrong for women to be financially penalized when they have children."
},
{
"text": "Under the tax, each adult in the household had to pay, which penalized larger families."
},
{
"text": "Will he be penalized for absence due to ill health?"
}
],
"collocations": {
"adverb": ["heavily", "severely", "unfairly"],
"preposition": ["for"]
}
}
],
"pronunciations": {
"uk": [
{
"pronunciation": "/ˈpiːnəlaɪz/",
"audio": "pe/penalize/penalize__gb_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/ˈpiːnəlaɪzɪz/",
"audio": "pe/penalize/penalizes__gb_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/ˈpiːnəlaɪzd/",
"audio": "pe/penalize/penalized__gb_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/ˈpiːnəlaɪzɪŋ/",
"audio": "pe/penalize/penalizing__gb_1.mp3"
}
],
"us": [
{
"pronunciation": "/ˈpiːnəlaɪz/",
"audio": "pe/penalize/penalize__us_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/ˈpiːnəlaɪzɪz/",
"audio": "pe/penalize/penalizes__us_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/ˈpiːnəlaɪzd/",
"audio": "pe/penalize/penalized__us_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/ˈpiːnəlaɪzɪŋ/",
"audio": "pe/penalize/penalizing__us_1.mp3"
}
]
},
"wordOrigin": null
}