word-vault
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A lightweight JavaScript package for English word definitions and collections.
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{
"term": "grind",
"partOfSpeech": "verb",
"ox5000": true,
"cefr": "c1",
"verbForms": {
"presentSimple": {
"iYouWeThey": "grind",
"heSheIt": "grinds"
},
"pastSimple": "ground",
"pastParticiple": "ground",
"ingForm": "grinding"
},
"definitions": [
{
"senseNumber": 1,
"definition": "to break or press something into very small pieces between two hard surfaces or using a special machine",
"sensetop": "grind something (down/up)grind something (to/into something)",
"cefr": "c1",
"examples": [
{
"text": "to grind coffee/corn"
},
{
"text": "The animal has teeth that grind its food into a pulp."
},
{
"text": "The cement need not be finely ground."
},
{
"text": "The coffee is ground to a fine powder."
},
{
"text": "freshly ground black pepper"
},
{
"text": "machinery for grinding wheat into flour"
}
],
"topics": ["Cooking and eating"],
"collocations": {
"adverb": ["coarsely", "finely", "down"],
"preposition": ["into", "to"],
"phrases": ["freshly ground"]
}
},
{
"senseNumber": 2,
"definition": "to produce something such as flour by grinding",
"sensetop": "grind something",
"examples": [
{
"text": "The flour is ground using traditional methods."
}
],
"collocations": {
"adverb": ["coarsely", "finely", "down"],
"preposition": ["into", "to"],
"phrases": ["freshly ground"]
}
},
{
"senseNumber": 3,
"definition": "to cut food, especially meat, into very small pieces using a special machine (called a mincer)",
"sensetop": "grind something",
"labels": "(North American English)British and North American English",
"examples": [],
"collocations": {
"adverb": ["coarsely", "finely", "down"],
"preposition": ["into", "to"],
"phrases": ["freshly ground"]
}
},
{
"senseNumber": 4,
"definition": "to make something sharp or smooth by rubbing it against a hard surface",
"sensetop": "grind something",
"examples": [
{
"text": "a special stone for grinding knives"
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 5,
"definition": "to press or rub something into a surface",
"sensetop": "grind something into somethinggrind something in",
"examples": [
{
"text": "He ground his cigarette into the ashtray.",
"contextForm": "grind something into something"
},
{
"text": "The dirt on her hands was ground in.",
"contextForm": "grind something in"
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 6,
"definition": "to rub together, or to make hard objects rub together, often producing an unpleasant noise",
"sensetop": "grind (together)grind something (together)",
"examples": [
{
"text": "Parts of the machine were grinding together noisily.",
"contextForm": "grind (together)"
},
{
"text": "She **grinds her teeth** when she is asleep.",
"contextForm": "grind something (together)"
},
{
"text": "He ground the gears on the car."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 7,
"definition": "to turn the handle of a machine that grinds something",
"sensetop": "grind something",
"examples": [
{
"text": "to grind a pepper mill"
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": null,
"definition": "to make something gradually go slower until it stops completely",
"examples": [
{
"text": "Roadworks brought traffic to a grinding halt."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": null,
"definition": "to go slower gradually and then stop completely",
"examples": [
{
"text": "Production ground to a halt during the strike."
},
{
"text": "Her career ground to a halt when the twins were born."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": null,
"definition": "to have private reasons for being involved in something or for arguing for a particular cause",
"examples": [
{
"text": "She had no axe to grind and was only acting out of concern for their safety."
},
{
"text": "These criticisms are commonly voiced by those who have some political axe to grind."
}
]
}
],
"pronunciations": {
"uk": [
{
"pronunciation": "/ɡraɪnd/",
"audio": "gr/grind/grind__gb_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/ɡraɪndz/",
"audio": "gr/grind/grinds__gb_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/ɡraʊnd/",
"audio": "gr/grind/ground__gb_2.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/ˈɡraɪndɪŋ/",
"audio": "gr/grind/grinding__gb_2.mp3"
}
],
"us": [
{
"pronunciation": "/ɡraɪnd/",
"audio": "gr/grind/grind__us_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/ɡraɪndz/",
"audio": "gr/grind/grinds__us_1.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/ɡraʊnd/",
"audio": "gr/grind/ground__us_2.mp3"
},
{
"pronunciation": "/ˈɡraɪndɪŋ/",
"audio": "gr/grind/grinding__us_2.mp3"
}
]
},
"wordOrigin": "Old English grindan, probably of Germanic origin. Although no cognates are known, it may be distantly related to Latin frendere ‘rub away, gnash’."
}