word-vault

{ "term": "effect", "partOfSpeech": "noun", "ox3000": true, "cefr": "a2", "definitions": [ { "senseNumber": 1, "definition": "a change that somebody/something causes in somebody/something else; a result", "sensetop": "effect on somebody/somethingeffect upon somebody/somethingeffect of doing something", "cefr": "a2", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "the beneficial effects of exercise" }, { "text": "What are the long-term effects of this treatment?" }, { "text": "The results show a statistically **significant effect**." }, { "text": "Her tears **had no effect** on him.", "contextForm": "effect on somebody/something" }, { "text": "the effect of heat on metal" }, { "text": "Modern farming methods can have an **adverse effect** on the environment." }, { "text": "Farms can have both **positive** and **negative effects** on the community." }, { "text": "Despite her ordeal, she seems to have suffered no **ill effects**." }, { "text": "The study examines architecture and its effect upon people's lives.", "contextForm": "effect upon somebody/something" }, { "text": "to examine/study/investigate the effect of something" }, { "text": "to evaluate/assess the effect of something" }, { "text": "to cause harmful health effects" }, { "text": "I can certainly **feel the effects of** too many late nights." }, { "text": "Her criticisms **had the effect of** discouraging him completely.", "contextForm": "effect of doing something" }, { "text": "to learn to distinguish between **cause and effect**" }, { "text": "I tried to persuade him, but with little or no effect." }, { "text": "‘I'm feeling really depressed.’ ‘The winter here has that effect sometimes.’" }, { "text": "The drug had no effect in curing the illness." }, { "text": "Any delay in delivery of materials will have a knock-on effect throughout the production process." }, { "text": "Walkng can have a magical effect on mental health." }, { "text": "Heavy taxation has a disincentive effect." }, { "text": "It's a policy that will have a chilling effect on free speech." }, { "text": "The drug exerts a powerful effect on the brain." }, { "text": "We had problems with mosquitoes, but this spray had the desired effect." }, { "text": "The plague struck London again with devastating effect." }, { "text": "The project has already had a direct effect on the lives of one million people." }, { "text": "the crippling effect of sanctions on the economy" }, { "text": "The full effects of the new tax have not yet been felt." }, { "text": "His comment was intended to calm the situation but it had the opposite effect." }, { "text": "The deterrent effect of the death penalty has long been questioned." }, { "text": "How soon will the effects of the drug wear off?" }, { "text": "I am interested in documenting the effects of international events on ordinary people." }, { "text": "There was no discernible effect on cell growth." }, { "text": "a face cream designed to combat the effects of ageing" }, { "text": "drugs which mimic the effects of hormones" }, { "text": "I was still feeling the effects of jet lag." }, { "text": "the serious health effects which result from obesity" }, { "text": "to minimize the effects of economic change" }, { "text": "I took the medicine with dramatic effect." }, { "text": "The effect lasted only a short time." } ], "topics": ["Change, cause and effect"], "collocations": { "adjective": ["decisive", "dramatic", "far-reaching"], "verb + effect": ["bring about", "exert", "have"], "effect + verb": ["exist", "occur", "spread"], "preposition": ["in effect", "to this effect", "to that effect"], "phrases": ["cause and effect", "to little effect", "to no effect"] } }, { "senseNumber": 2, "definition": "a particular look, sound or impression that somebody, such as an artist or a writer, wants to create", "sensetop": "for an effectfor effect", "cefr": "a2", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "The overall effect of the painting is overwhelming." }, { "text": "The stage lighting **gives the effect** of a moonlit scene." }, { "text": "She uses glass to achieve a variety of visual effects." }, { "text": "to **produce/create an effect**" }, { "text": "Add a scarf for a casual effect.", "contextForm": "for an effect" }, { "text": "He only behaves like that for effect *(= in order to impress people)*.", "contextForm": "for effect" }, { "text": "I found that by adding white I could achieve the desired effect." }, { "text": "The yellow pigment produced the opposite effect to that desired." }, { "text": "That is precisely the effect I was aiming at." }, { "text": "The dramatic effect was heightened by her black dress and dead white face." } ], "collocations": { "adjective": ["special", "cinematic", "audio"] } }, { "senseNumber": 3, "definition": "lights, sounds, special scenery, computer images, etc. used in a play or film, especially in order to show things that do not normally exist or happen", "examples": [ { "text": "The production relied too much on spectacular effects." } ] }, { "senseNumber": 4, "definition": "your personal possessions", "labels": "(formal)", "examples": [ { "text": "The insurance policy covers all baggage and personal effects." } ], "synonyms": "belongings" }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "to cause something to come into use", "examples": [ { "text": "The recommendations will soon be put into effect." } ] }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "to come into use; to begin to apply", "examples": [ { "text": "New controls come into effect next month." } ], "topics": ["Change, cause and effect"] }, { "senseNumber": 1, "definition": "used when you are stating what the facts of a situation are", "cefr": "c1", "examples": [ { "text": "In effect, the two systems are identical." }, { "text": "His refusal to support her had, in effect, forced her resignation." }, { "text": "By asking for these particular qualifications, you are, in effect, excluding a lot of potentially good candidates." }, { "text": "The border closure meant, in effect, that no trade took place between the countries." } ], "topics": ["Opinion and argument"] }, { "senseNumber": 2, "definition": "in use", "examples": [ { "text": "These laws are in effect in twenty states." }, { "text": "Some laws from the 18th century are still in effect." } ] }, { "senseNumber": 1, "definition": "to start to produce the results that are intended", "cefr": "c2", "examples": [ { "text": "The aspirins soon take effect." }, { "text": "The medicine started to take effect after a few minutes." } ], "topics": ["Change, cause and effect"] }, { "senseNumber": 2, "definition": "to come into use; to begin to apply", "cefr": "c2", "examples": [ { "text": "The new law takes effect from tomorrow." } ], "topics": ["Change, cause and effect"] }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "used to show that you are giving the general meaning of what somebody has said or written rather than the exact words", "examples": [ { "text": "He left a note to the effect that he would not be coming back." }, { "text": "She told me to get out—or **words to that effect**." } ] }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "producing a good, successful, dramatic, etc. result or impression", "examples": [ { "text": "The air conditioning came on, to little effect." }, { "text": "She uses animal sounds to startling effect in her music." } ], "topics": ["Success"] }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "not producing the result you intend or hope for", "examples": [ { "text": "We warned them, but to no effect." } ], "topics": ["Difficulty and failure"] }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "starting from…", "labels": "(formal)", "examples": [ { "text": "The government has cut interest rates with effect from the beginning of next month." } ] }, { "senseNumber": null, "definition": "starting now", "labels": "(formal)", "examples": [ { "text": "She has resigned with immediate effect." } ] } ], "pronunciations": { "uk": [ { "pronunciation": "/ɪˈfekt/", "audio": "ef/effect/effect__gb_2.mp3" } ], "us": [ { "pronunciation": "/ɪˈfekt/", "audio": "ef/effect/effect__us_1.mp3" } ] }, "wordOrigin": "late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin effectus, from efficere ‘accomplish’, from ex- ‘out, thoroughly’ + facere ‘do, make’. Sense (3), ‘personal belongings’, arose from the obsolete sense ‘something acquired on completion of an action’." }