word-vault

{ "term": "culture", "partOfSpeech": "noun", "academic": true, "ox3000": true, "cefr": "a1", "definitions": [ { "senseNumber": 1, "definition": "the customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization of a particular country or group", "cefr": "a1", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "**African/American/European/Islamic culture**" }, { "text": "working-class culture" }, { "text": "the study of Japanese **language and culture**" }, { "text": "Cooking is a hugely important **part of** French **culture**." }, { "text": "He is no longer in touch with youth culture." }, { "text": "The film examines the culture clash between the generations." }, { "text": "Jokes are an important part of our popular oral culture." }, { "text": "These ideas have always been central to Western culture." }, { "text": "a country containing many language and culture groups" }, { "text": "immigrants who embrace American culture" }, { "text": "The Romans gradually assimilated the culture of the people they had conquered." }, { "text": "Prisoners are isolated from the wider culture of society at large." } ], "collocations": { "adjective": ["ancient", "primitive", "dominant"], "verb + culture": ["assimilate", "embrace", "build"], "culture + verb": ["develop"], "culture + noun": ["group", "shock", "clash"], "preposition": ["in a/the culture"], "phrases": [ "a clash of cultures", "a culture of fear", "a culture of secrecy" ] } }, { "senseNumber": 2, "definition": "a country, group, etc. with its own beliefs, etc.", "cefr": "a1", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "The children are taught to respect **different cultures**." }, { "text": "the effect of technology on traditional cultures" }, { "text": "Children need to learn to understand cultures other than their own." }, { "text": "In some cultures children have an important place." } ], "collocations": { "adjective": ["ancient", "primitive", "dominant"], "verb + culture": ["assimilate", "embrace", "build"], "culture + verb": ["develop"], "culture + noun": ["group", "shock", "clash"], "preposition": ["in a/the culture"], "phrases": [ "a clash of cultures", "a culture of fear", "a culture of secrecy" ] } }, { "senseNumber": 3, "definition": "art, music, literature, etc., thought of as a group", "cefr": "a1", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "Venice is a beautiful city, full of culture and history." }, { "text": "the Minister for Culture" }, { "text": "The paintings reflect African American culture." }, { "text": "She is a woman of wide culture." } ], "collocations": { "adjective": ["contemporary", "modern", "postmodern"], "phrases": ["a man of culture", "a woman of culture"] } }, { "senseNumber": 4, "definition": "the beliefs and attitudes about something that people in a particular group or organization share", "sensetop": "culture of something", "cefr": "b2", "ox3000": true, "examples": [ { "text": "We are living in a **consumer culture**." }, { "text": "The political cultures of the United States and Europe are very different." }, { "text": "You can't **change the culture** of an organization overnight." }, { "text": "She believes the media have **created a culture** of fear.", "contextForm": "culture of something" }, { "text": "The company promotes a culture of innovation." }, { "text": "A culture of failure exists in some schools." }, { "text": "Newcomers to the company are soon assimilated into the culture." }, { "text": "The computer has changed the culture of the design profession." }, { "text": "The new director is trying to foster a culture of open communication within the company." }, { "text": "The social security system has been accused of producing a culture of dependency." }, { "text": "the development of the enterprise culture in Britain" } ], "collocations": { "adjective": ["ancient", "primitive", "dominant"], "verb + culture": ["assimilate", "embrace", "build"], "culture + verb": ["develop"], "culture + noun": ["group", "shock", "clash"], "preposition": ["in a/the culture"], "phrases": [ "a clash of cultures", "a culture of fear", "a culture of secrecy" ] } }, { "senseNumber": 5, "definition": "the growing of plants or producing of particular animals in order to get a particular substance or crop from them", "labels": "(specialist)", "examples": [ { "text": "the culture of silkworms *(= for silk)*" } ] }, { "senseNumber": 6, "definition": "a group of cells or bacteria, especially one taken from a person or an animal and grown for medical or scientific study, or to produce food; the process of obtaining and growing these cells", "labels": "(biology, medical)", "examples": [ { "text": "a culture of cells from the tumour" }, { "text": "Yogurt is made from active cultures." }, { "text": "to do/take a throat culture" } ] } ], "pronunciations": { "uk": [ { "pronunciation": "/ˈkʌltʃə(r)/", "audio": "cu/culture/culture__gb_2.mp3" } ], "us": [ { "pronunciation": "/ˈkʌltʃər/", "audio": "cu/culture/culture__us_2.mp3" } ] }, "wordOrigin": "Middle English (denoting a cultivated piece of land): the noun from French culture or directly from Latin cultura ‘growing, cultivation’; the verb from obsolete French culturer or medieval Latin culturare, both based on Latin colere ‘tend, cultivate’ . In late Middle English the sense was ‘cultivation of the soil’ and from this (early 16th cent.), arose ‘cultivation (of the mind, faculties, or manners)’; sense (3) dates from the early 19th cent." }