word-vault/dist/data/cards/ci/circulate.json

A lightweight JavaScript package for English word definitions and collections.

{
    "term": "circulate",
    "partOfSpeech": "verb",
    "ox5000": true,
    "cefr": "c1",
    "verbForms": {
        "presentSimple": {
            "iYouWeThey": "circulate",
            "heSheIt": "circulates"
        },
        "pastSimple": "circulated",
        "pastParticiple": "circulated",
        "ingForm": "circulating"
    },
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "when a liquid, gas or air circulates or is circulated, it moves continuously around a place or system",
            "sensetop": "circulate something",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The condition prevents the blood from circulating freely."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Cooled air is circulated throughout the building.",
                    "contextForm": "circulate something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Blood circulates through the arteries and veins."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The heart circulates blood around the body."
                },
                {
                    "text": "sugar circulating in the bloodstream"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The condition prevents blood from circulating freely."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Biology", "Physics and chemistry"],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["freely"],
                "preposition": ["around", "round", "in"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "if a story, an idea, information, etc. circulates or if you circulate it, it spreads or it is passed from one person to another",
            "sensetop": "circulate around somethingcirculate among somebodycirculate something",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Rumours began to circulate about his financial problems."
                },
                {
                    "text": "There's a story circulating around the office that you are about to leave the company.",
                    "contextForm": "circulate around something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "the latest conspiracy theory circulating among some online communities",
                    "contextForm": "circulate among somebody"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Who has been circulating these rumours?",
                    "contextForm": "circulate something"
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["widely", "freely"],
                "preposition": ["among", "around", "round"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "to send goods or information to all the people in a group",
            "sensetop": "circulate somethingcirculate something to somebody",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "They circulated a petition for his release.",
                    "contextForm": "circulate something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The book was circulated widely in Russia."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The document will be circulated to all members.",
                    "contextForm": "circulate something to somebody"
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["widely", "freely"],
                "preposition": ["among", "around", "round"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 4,
            "definition": "to move around a group, especially at a party, talking to different people",
            "examples": []
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈsɜːkjəleɪt/",
                "audio": "ci/circulate/circulate__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈsɜːkjəleɪts/",
                "audio": "ci/circulate/circulates__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈsɜːkjəleɪtɪd/",
                "audio": "ci/circulate/circulated__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈsɜːkjəleɪtɪŋ/",
                "audio": "ci/circulate/circulating__gb_1.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈsɜːrkjəleɪt/",
                "audio": "ci/circulate/circulate__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈsɜːrkjəleɪts/",
                "audio": "ci/circulate/circulates__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈsɜːrkjəleɪtɪd/",
                "audio": "ci/circulate/circulated__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈsɜːrkjəleɪtɪŋ/",
                "audio": "ci/circulate/circulating__us_1.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "late 15th cent. (as an alchemical term meaning ‘distil something in a closed container, allowing condensed vapour to return to the original liquid’): from Latin circulat- ‘moved in a circular path’, from the verb circulare, from circulus ‘small ring’, diminutive of circus ‘ring’.Sense (1) dates from the mid 17th cent."
}