word-vault
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A lightweight JavaScript package for English word definitions and collections.
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{
"term": "by",
"partOfSpeech": "preposition",
"ox3000": true,
"cefr": "a1",
"definitions": [
{
"senseNumber": 1,
"definition": "used for showing how or in what way something is done",
"cefr": "a1",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "The house is heated by gas."
},
{
"text": "May I pay by credit card?"
},
{
"text": "I will contact you by letter."
},
{
"text": "to travel **by boat/bus/car/plane**"
},
{
"text": "to travel **by air/land/sea**"
},
{
"text": "Switch it on by pressing this button."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 2,
"definition": "near somebody/something; at the side of somebody/something; next to somebody/something",
"cefr": "a1",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "a house by the river"
},
{
"text": "Can we have the table by the window?"
},
{
"text": "Come and sit by me."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 3,
"definition": "used, usually after a passive verb, to show who or what does, creates or causes something",
"cefr": "a1",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was knocked down by a bus."
},
{
"text": "a play by Ibsen"
},
{
"text": "Who's that book by?"
},
{
"text": "I was frightened by the noise."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 4,
"definition": "not later than the time mentioned; before",
"cefr": "a1",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "Can you finish the work by five o'clock?"
},
{
"text": "I'll have it done by tomorrow."
},
{
"text": "By this time next week we'll be in New York."
},
{
"text": "He ought to have arrived **by now/by this time**."
},
{
"text": "**By the time (that)** this letter reaches you I will have left the country."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 5,
"definition": "used before particular nouns without the, to say that something happens as a result of something",
"cefr": "a2",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "They met by chance."
},
{
"text": "I did it by mistake."
},
{
"text": "The coroner's verdict was ‘death by misadventure’."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 6,
"definition": "used to show the degree or amount of something",
"cefr": "a2",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "The bullet missed him by two inches."
},
{
"text": "House prices went up by 10%."
},
{
"text": "It would be better by far *(= much better)* to…"
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 7,
"definition": "during something; in a particular situation",
"cefr": "a2",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "to travel **by day/night**"
},
{
"text": "We had to work by candlelight."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 8,
"definition": "from what something shows or says; according to something",
"cefr": "a2",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "By my watch it is two o'clock."
},
{
"text": "I could tell by the look on her face that something terrible had happened."
},
{
"text": "By law, you are a child until you are 18."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 9,
"definition": "past somebody/something",
"cefr": "b1",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "He walked by me without speaking."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 10,
"definition": "used to show the part of somebody/something that somebody touches, holds, etc.",
"cefr": "b2",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "I took him by the hand."
},
{
"text": "She seized her by the hair."
},
{
"text": "Pick it up by the handle!"
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 11,
"definition": "used with the to show the period or quantity used for buying, selling or measuring something",
"cefr": "b2",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "We rented the car by the day."
},
{
"text": "They're paid by the hour."
},
{
"text": "We only sell it by the metre."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 12,
"definition": "used to state the rate at which something happens",
"cefr": "b2",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "They're improving day by day."
},
{
"text": "We'll do it bit by bit."
},
{
"text": "It was getting worse by the minute *(= very fast)*."
},
{
"text": "The children came in two by two *(= in groups of two)*."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 13,
"definition": "used to show the measurements of something",
"cefr": "b2",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "The room measures fifteen feet by twenty feet."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 14,
"definition": "used when multiplying or dividing",
"cefr": "b2",
"ox3000": true,
"examples": [
{
"text": "6 multiplied by 2 equals 12."
},
{
"text": "6 divided by 2 equals 3."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 15,
"definition": "used for giving more information about where somebody comes from, what somebody does, etc.",
"examples": [
{
"text": "He's German by birth."
},
{
"text": "They're both doctors by profession."
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": 16,
"definition": "used when swearing to mean ‘in the name of’",
"examples": [
{
"text": "I swear by Almighty God…"
}
]
},
{
"senseNumber": null,
"definition": "used to introduce a comment or question that is not directly related to what you have been talking about",
"labels": "(informal)",
"examples": []
}
],
"pronunciations": {
"uk": [
{
"pronunciation": "/baɪ/",
"audio": "by/by/by__gb_2.mp3"
}
],
"us": [
{
"pronunciation": "/baɪ/",
"audio": "by/by/by__us_1.mp3"
}
]
},
"wordOrigin": "Old English bī, bi, be, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch bij and German bei."
}