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변이
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액션
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<a href="." >액션</a>
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<h1 id="액션">액션</h1>
<p>액션은 변이와 유사합니다. 몇가지 다른 점은,</p>
<ul>
<li>상태를 변이시키는 대신 액션으로 변이에 대한 커밋을 합니다.</li>
<li>작업에는 임의의 비동기 작업이 포함될 수 있습니다.</li>
</ul>
<p>간단한 액션을 등록합시다.</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js"><span class="token keyword">const</span> store <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vuex<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Store</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
state<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mutations<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
increment <span class="token punctuation">(</span>state<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count<span class="token operator">++</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
increment <span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
context<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'increment'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre>
<p>액션 핸들러는 저장소 인스턴스의 같은 메소드들/프로퍼티 세트를 드러내는 컨텍스트 객체를 받습니다. 그래서 <code>context.commit</code>을 호출하여 변이를 커밋하거나 <code>context.state</code>와 <code>context.getters</code>를 통해 상태와 getters에 접근 할 수 있습니다. 나중에 <a href="modules.html">모듈</a>에서 이 컨텍스트 객체가 저장소 인스턴스 자체가 아닌 이유를 알 수 있습니다.</p>
<p>실제로 (특히 <code>commit</code>를 여러 번 호출해야하는 경우)코드를 단순화하기 위해 ES2015 <a href="https://github.com/lukehoban/es6features#destructuring" target="_blank">전달인자 분해</a>를 사용합니다.</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
increment <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'increment'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="디스패치-액션">디스패치 액션</h3>
<p>액션은 <code>store.dispatch</code> 메소드로 시작됩니다.</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">store<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'increment'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre>
<p>처음 볼 때는 이상해 보일 수 있습니다. 카운트를 증가 시키려면 <code>store.commit('increment')</code>를 직접 호출하면 어떻습니까? 음, <strong>돌연변이는 동기적</strong> 이어야 한다는 것을 기억하십니까? 액션은 그렇지 않습니다. 액션 내에서 <strong>비동기</strong> 작업을 수행 할 수 있습니다.</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
incrementAsync <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'increment'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>액션은 동일한 페이로드 타입과 객체 스타일의 디스패치를 지원합니다.</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 페이로드와 함께 디스패치</span>
store<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'incrementAsync'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
amount<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 객체와 함께 디스패치</span>
store<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'incrementAsync'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
amount<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre>
<p>액션의 좀 더 실용적인 예는 <strong>비동기 API 호출</strong> 과 <strong>여러 개의 변이를 커밋</strong> 하는 장바구니 결제입니다.</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
checkout <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit<span class="token punctuation">,</span> state <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> products<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 장바구니에 현재있는 항목을 저장하십시오.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> savedCartItems <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">...</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cart<span class="token punctuation">.</span>added<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 결제 요청을 보낸 후 장바구니를 비웁니다.</span>
<span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>types<span class="token punctuation">.</span>CHECKOUT_REQUEST<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 상점 API는 성공 콜백 및 실패 콜백을 받습니다.</span>
shop<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">buyProducts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
products<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 요청 성공 핸들러</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>types<span class="token punctuation">.</span>CHECKOUT_SUCCESS<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 요청 실패 핸들러</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>types<span class="token punctuation">.</span>CHECKOUT_FAILURE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> savedCartItems<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>비동기 작업의 흐름을 수행하고 커밋하여 작업의 사이드이펙트(상태 변이)을 기록합니다.</p>
<h3 id="컴포넌트-내부에서-디스패치-액션-사용하기">컴포넌트 내부에서 디스패치 액션 사용하기</h3>
<p><code>this.$store.dispatch('xxx')</code>를 사용하여 컴포넌트에서 액션을 디스패치하거나 컴포넌트 메소드를 <code>store.dispatch</code> 호출에 매핑하는 <code>mapActions</code> 헬퍼를 사용할 수 있습니다 (루트 <code>store</code> 주입 필요) :</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mapActions <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'vuex'</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// ...</span>
methods<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token function">mapActions</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">'increment'</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// this.increment()을 this.$store.dispatch('increment')에 매핑</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token function">mapActions</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
add<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'increment'</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// this.add()을 this.$store.dispatch('increment')에 매핑</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="액션-구성하기">액션 구성하기</h3>
<p>액션은 종종 비동기적 입니다. 그러면 액션이 언제 완료되는지 어떻게 알 수 있습니까? 더 중요한 것은, 복잡한 비동기 흐름을 처리하기 위해 어떻게 여러 작업을 함께 구성 할 수 있습니까?</p>
<p>가장 먼저 알아야 할 점은 <code>store.dispatch</code>가 트리거 된 액션 핸들러에 의해 반환된 Promise를 처리 할 수 있으며 Promise를 반환한다는 것입니다.</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
actionA <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'someMutation'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>이렇게 할 수 있습니다.</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">store<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'actionA'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// ...</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre>
<p>그리고 안에 또 다른 액션을 사용할 수 있습니다.</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// ...</span>
actionB <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> dispatch<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'actionA'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'someOtherMutation'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>마지막으로, JavaScript 기능인 <a href="https://tc39.github.io/ecmascript-asyncawait/" target="_blank">async/await</a>를 사용하면 다음과 같은 작업을 구성 할 수 있습니다.</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// getData() 및 getOtherData()가 Promise를 반환한다고 가정합니다.</span>
actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> actionA <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'gotData'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> actionB <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> dispatch<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'actionA'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// actionA가 끝나기를 기다립니다.</span>
<span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'gotOtherData'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOtherData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p><code>store.dispatch</code>가 다른 모듈에서 여러 액션 핸들러를 트리거하는 것이 가능합니다. 이 경우 반환 된 값은 모든 트리거 된 처리기가 완료 되었을 때 처리되는 Promise입니다.</p>
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