vtk.js-custom-jhonny
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Visualization Toolkit for the Web
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JavaScript
var atoms = [
{
id: "Xx",
atomicNumber: 0,
mass: 0,
exactMass: 0,
radiusCovalent: 0,
radiusVDW: 0,
symbol: "Xx",
name: "Dummy",
elementColor: [
0.07,
0.5,
0.7
]
},
{
id: "H",
atomicNumber: 1,
mass: 1.00794,
exactMass: 1.007825032,
ionization: 13.5984,
electronAffinity: 0.75420375,
electronegativityPauling: 2.2,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'hydro' and 'gennao' for 'forms water'",
radiusCovalent: 0.37,
radiusVDW: 1.2,
boilingpoint: 20.28,
meltingpoint: 14.01,
periodTableBlock: "s",
discoveryDate: "1766",
period: "1",
group: "1",
electronicConfiguration: "1s1",
family: "Non-Metal",
symbol: "H",
name: "Hydrogen",
elementColor: [
1,
1,
1
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"C.",
"Cavendish"
]
},
{
id: "He",
atomicNumber: 2,
mass: 4.002602,
exactMass: 4.002603254,
ionization: 24.5874,
electronAffinity: 0,
nameOrigin: "The Greek word for the sun was 'helios'",
radiusCovalent: 0.32,
radiusVDW: 1.4,
boilingpoint: 4.216,
meltingpoint: 0.95,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1895",
period: "1",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "1s2",
family: "Noblegas",
symbol: "He",
name: "Helium",
elementColor: [
0.85,
1,
1
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se",
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"P. J. Janssen",
"J. N. Lockyer"
]
},
{
id: "Li",
atomicNumber: 3,
mass: 6.941,
exactMass: 7.01600455,
ionization: 5.3917,
electronAffinity: 0.618049,
electronegativityPauling: 0.98,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'lithos' means 'stone'",
radiusCovalent: 1.34,
radiusVDW: 2.2,
boilingpoint: 1615,
meltingpoint: 453.7,
periodTableBlock: "s",
discoveryDate: "1817",
period: "2",
group: "1",
electronicConfiguration: "He 2s1",
family: "Alkali_Earth",
symbol: "Li",
name: "Lithium",
elementColor: [
0.8,
0.5,
1
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se"
],
discoverers: [
"A.",
"Arfvedson"
]
},
{
id: "Be",
atomicNumber: 4,
mass: 9.012182,
exactMass: 9.0121822,
ionization: 9.3227,
electronAffinity: 0,
electronegativityPauling: 1.57,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'beryllos' for 'light-green stone'",
radiusCovalent: 0.9,
radiusVDW: 1.9,
boilingpoint: 3243,
meltingpoint: 1560,
periodTableBlock: "s",
discoveryDate: "1797",
period: "2",
group: "2",
electronicConfiguration: "He 2s2",
family: "Alkaline_Earth",
symbol: "Be",
name: "Beryllium",
elementColor: [
0.76,
1,
0
],
discoveryCountry: [
"fr"
],
discoverers: [
"Nicholas",
"Louis",
"Vauquelin"
]
},
{
id: "B",
atomicNumber: 5,
mass: 10.811,
exactMass: 11.0093054,
ionization: 8.298,
electronAffinity: 0.279723,
electronegativityPauling: 2.04,
nameOrigin: "Boron means 'Bor(ax) + (carb)on'. It is found in borax and behaves a lot like carbon",
radiusCovalent: 0.82,
radiusVDW: 1.8,
boilingpoint: 4275,
meltingpoint: 2365,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1808",
period: "2",
group: "3",
electronicConfiguration: "He 2s2 2p1",
family: "Metalloids",
symbol: "B",
name: "Boron",
elementColor: [
1,
0.71,
0.71
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk",
"fr"
],
discoverers: [
"Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac",
"Louis Jacques Thenard"
]
},
{
id: "C",
atomicNumber: 6,
mass: 12.0107,
exactMass: 12,
ionization: 11.2603,
electronAffinity: 1.262118,
electronegativityPauling: 2.55,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'carboneum' for carbon",
radiusCovalent: 0.77,
radiusVDW: 1.7,
boilingpoint: 5100,
meltingpoint: 3825,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "0",
period: "2",
group: "4",
electronicConfiguration: "He 2s2 2p2",
family: "Non-Metal",
symbol: "C",
name: "Carbon",
elementColor: [
0.5,
0.5,
0.5
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ancient"
]
},
{
id: "N",
atomicNumber: 7,
mass: 14.0067,
exactMass: 14.003074,
ionization: 14.5341,
electronAffinity: -0.07,
electronegativityPauling: 3.04,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'nitrogenium' ('forms saltpeter')",
radiusCovalent: 0.75,
radiusVDW: 1.6,
boilingpoint: 77.344,
meltingpoint: 63.15,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1772",
period: "2",
group: "5",
electronicConfiguration: "He 2s2 2p3",
family: "Non-Metal",
symbol: "N",
name: "Nitrogen",
elementColor: [
0.05,
0.05,
1
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"D.",
"Rutherford"
]
},
{
id: "O",
atomicNumber: 8,
mass: 15.9994,
exactMass: 15.99491462,
ionization: 13.6181,
electronAffinity: 1.461112,
electronegativityPauling: 3.44,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'oxygenium' (forms acids)",
radiusCovalent: 0.73,
radiusVDW: 1.55,
boilingpoint: 90.188,
meltingpoint: 54.8,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1774",
period: "2",
group: "6",
electronicConfiguration: "He 2s2 2p4",
family: "Non-Metal",
symbol: "O",
name: "Oxygen",
elementColor: [
1,
0.05,
0.05
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se",
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"J.",
"Priestley"
]
},
{
id: "F",
atomicNumber: 9,
mass: 18.9984032,
exactMass: 18.99840322,
ionization: 17.4228,
electronAffinity: 3.4011887,
electronegativityPauling: 3.98,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'fluere' ('floats')",
radiusCovalent: 0.71,
radiusVDW: 1.5,
boilingpoint: 85,
meltingpoint: 53.55,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1886",
period: "2",
group: "7",
electronicConfiguration: "He 2s2 2p5",
family: "Halogen",
symbol: "F",
name: "Fluorine",
elementColor: [
0.7,
1,
1
],
discoveryCountry: [
"fr"
],
discoverers: [
"H.",
"F.",
"Moissan"
]
},
{
id: "Ne",
atomicNumber: 10,
mass: 20.1797,
exactMass: 19.99244018,
ionization: 21.5645,
electronAffinity: 0,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'neo'. meaning 'new'",
radiusCovalent: 0.69,
radiusVDW: 1.54,
boilingpoint: 27.1,
meltingpoint: 24.55,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1898",
period: "2",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "He 2s2 2p6",
family: "Noblegas",
symbol: "Ne",
name: "Neon",
elementColor: [
0.7,
0.89,
0.96
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"W. Ramsay",
"M.W. Travers"
]
},
{
id: "Na",
atomicNumber: 11,
mass: 22.98976928,
exactMass: 22.98976928,
ionization: 5.1391,
electronAffinity: 0.547926,
electronegativityPauling: 0.93,
nameOrigin: "Arabic 'natrun' for 'soda'",
radiusCovalent: 1.54,
radiusVDW: 2.4,
boilingpoint: 1156,
meltingpoint: 371,
periodTableBlock: "s",
discoveryDate: "1807",
period: "3",
group: "1",
electronicConfiguration: "Ne 3s1",
family: "Alkali_Earth",
symbol: "Na",
name: "Sodium",
elementColor: [
0.67,
0.36,
0.95
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"Sir",
"Humphrey",
"Davy"
]
},
{
id: "Mg",
atomicNumber: 12,
mass: 24.305,
exactMass: 23.9850417,
ionization: 7.6462,
electronAffinity: 0,
electronegativityPauling: 1.31,
nameOrigin: "Named after the city of Magnesia",
radiusCovalent: 1.3,
radiusVDW: 2.2,
boilingpoint: 1380,
meltingpoint: 922,
periodTableBlock: "s",
discoveryDate: "1808",
period: "3",
group: "2",
electronicConfiguration: "Ne 3s2",
family: "Alkaline_Earth",
symbol: "Mg",
name: "Magnesium",
elementColor: [
0.54,
1,
0
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"H.",
"B.",
"Davy"
]
},
{
id: "Al",
atomicNumber: 13,
mass: 26.9815386,
exactMass: 26.98153863,
ionization: 5.9858,
electronAffinity: 0.43283,
electronegativityPauling: 1.61,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'alumen'",
radiusCovalent: 1.18,
radiusVDW: 2.1,
boilingpoint: 2740,
meltingpoint: 933.5,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1825",
period: "3",
group: "3",
electronicConfiguration: "Ne 3s2 3p1",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Al",
name: "Aluminium",
elementColor: [
0.75,
0.65,
0.65
],
discoveryCountry: [
"dk"
],
discoverers: [
"H.",
"Ch.",
"Oersted"
]
},
{
id: "Si",
atomicNumber: 14,
mass: 28.0855,
exactMass: 27.97692653,
ionization: 8.1517,
electronAffinity: 1.389521,
electronegativityPauling: 1.9,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'silex'",
radiusCovalent: 1.11,
radiusVDW: 2.1,
boilingpoint: 2630,
meltingpoint: 1683,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1823",
period: "3",
group: "4",
electronicConfiguration: "Ne 3s2 3p2",
family: "Metalloids",
symbol: "Si",
name: "Silicon",
elementColor: [
0.5,
0.6,
0.6
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se"
],
discoverers: [
"J.",
"J.",
"Berzelius"
]
},
{
id: "P",
atomicNumber: 15,
mass: 30.973762,
exactMass: 30.97376163,
ionization: 10.4867,
electronAffinity: 0.7465,
electronegativityPauling: 2.19,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'phosphoros' for 'carries light'",
radiusCovalent: 1.06,
radiusVDW: 1.95,
boilingpoint: 553,
meltingpoint: 317.3,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1669",
period: "3",
group: "5",
electronicConfiguration: "Ne 3s2 3p3",
family: "Non-Metal",
symbol: "P",
name: "Phosphorus",
elementColor: [
1,
0.5,
0
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"H.",
"Brandt"
]
},
{
id: "S",
atomicNumber: 16,
mass: 32.065,
exactMass: 31.972071,
ionization: 10.36,
electronAffinity: 2.0771029,
electronegativityPauling: 2.58,
nameOrigin: "In sanskrit 'sweb' means 'to sleep'",
radiusCovalent: 1.02,
radiusVDW: 1.8,
boilingpoint: 717.82,
meltingpoint: 392.2,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "0",
period: "3",
group: "6",
electronicConfiguration: "Ne 3s2 3p4",
family: "Non-Metal",
symbol: "S",
name: "Sulfur",
elementColor: [
1,
1,
0.19
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ancient"
]
},
{
id: "Cl",
atomicNumber: 17,
mass: 35.453,
exactMass: 34.96885268,
ionization: 12.9676,
electronAffinity: 3.612724,
electronegativityPauling: 3.16,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'chloros' for 'yellow-green'",
radiusCovalent: 0.99,
radiusVDW: 1.8,
boilingpoint: 239.18,
meltingpoint: 172.17,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1774",
period: "3",
group: "7",
electronicConfiguration: "Ne 3s2 3p5",
family: "Halogen",
symbol: "Cl",
name: "Chlorine",
elementColor: [
0.12,
0.94,
0.12
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se"
],
discoverers: [
"C.",
"W.",
"Scheele"
]
},
{
id: "Ar",
atomicNumber: 18,
mass: 39.948,
exactMass: 39.96238312,
ionization: 15.7596,
electronAffinity: 0,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'aergon' for 'inactive'",
radiusCovalent: 0.97,
radiusVDW: 1.88,
boilingpoint: 87.45,
meltingpoint: 83.95,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1894",
period: "3",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Ne 3s2 3p6",
family: "Noblegas",
symbol: "Ar",
name: "Argon",
elementColor: [
0.5,
0.82,
0.89
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"W. Ramsay",
"J. Rayleigh"
]
},
{
id: "K",
atomicNumber: 19,
mass: 39.0983,
exactMass: 38.96370668,
ionization: 4.3407,
electronAffinity: 0.501459,
electronegativityPauling: 0.82,
nameOrigin: "Arabic 'al qaliy' for potash",
radiusCovalent: 1.96,
radiusVDW: 2.8,
boilingpoint: 1033,
meltingpoint: 336.8,
periodTableBlock: "s",
discoveryDate: "1807",
period: "4",
group: "1",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 4s1",
family: "Alkali_Earth",
symbol: "K",
name: "Potassium",
elementColor: [
0.56,
0.25,
0.83
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"H.",
"B.",
"Davy"
]
},
{
id: "Ca",
atomicNumber: 20,
mass: 40.078,
exactMass: 39.96259098,
ionization: 6.1132,
electronAffinity: 0.02455,
electronegativityPauling: 1,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'calx' for 'lime'",
radiusCovalent: 1.74,
radiusVDW: 2.4,
boilingpoint: 1757,
meltingpoint: 1112,
periodTableBlock: "s",
discoveryDate: "1808",
period: "4",
group: "2",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 4s2",
family: "Alkaline_Earth",
symbol: "Ca",
name: "Calcium",
elementColor: [
0.24,
1,
0
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"H.",
"B.",
"Davy"
]
},
{
id: "Sc",
atomicNumber: 21,
mass: 44.955912,
exactMass: 44.9559119,
ionization: 6.5615,
electronAffinity: 0.188,
electronegativityPauling: 1.36,
nameOrigin: "Named because it was found in Scandinavia",
radiusCovalent: 1.44,
radiusVDW: 2.3,
boilingpoint: 3109,
meltingpoint: 1814,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1879",
period: "4",
group: "3",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d1 4s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Sc",
name: "Scandium",
elementColor: [
0.9,
0.9,
0.9
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se"
],
discoverers: [
"L.",
"Nilson"
]
},
{
id: "Ti",
atomicNumber: 22,
mass: 47.867,
exactMass: 47.9479463,
ionization: 6.8281,
electronAffinity: 0.084,
electronegativityPauling: 1.54,
nameOrigin: "The Titans were giants in Greek mythology",
radiusCovalent: 1.36,
radiusVDW: 2.15,
boilingpoint: 3560,
meltingpoint: 1935,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1791",
period: "4",
group: "4",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d2 4s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Ti",
name: "Titanium",
elementColor: [
0.75,
0.76,
0.78
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"W.",
"Gregor"
]
},
{
id: "V",
atomicNumber: 23,
mass: 50.9415,
exactMass: 50.9439595,
ionization: 6.7462,
electronAffinity: 0.525,
electronegativityPauling: 1.63,
nameOrigin: "'Vanadis' is another name for the Nordic goddess Freyja",
radiusCovalent: 1.25,
radiusVDW: 2.05,
boilingpoint: 3650,
meltingpoint: 2163,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1830",
period: "4",
group: "5",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d3 4s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "V",
name: "Vanadium",
elementColor: [
0.65,
0.65,
0.67
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se"
],
discoverers: [
"N.",
"Sefström"
]
},
{
id: "Cr",
atomicNumber: 24,
mass: 51.9961,
exactMass: 51.9405075,
ionization: 6.7665,
electronAffinity: 0.67584,
electronegativityPauling: 1.66,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'chroma' means 'color'",
radiusCovalent: 1.27,
radiusVDW: 2.05,
boilingpoint: 2945,
meltingpoint: 2130,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1797",
period: "4",
group: "6",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d5 4s1",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Cr",
name: "Chromium",
elementColor: [
0.54,
0.6,
0.78
],
discoveryCountry: [
"fr"
],
discoverers: [
"Nicholas",
"Louis",
"Vauquelin"
]
},
{
id: "Mn",
atomicNumber: 25,
mass: 54.938045,
exactMass: 54.9380451,
ionization: 7.434,
electronAffinity: 0,
electronegativityPauling: 1.55,
nameOrigin: "It was discovered near a town named Magnesia in black earth. Thus, it was named 'magnesia nigra', or for short, Manganese.",
radiusCovalent: 1.39,
radiusVDW: 2.05,
boilingpoint: 2235,
meltingpoint: 1518,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1774",
period: "4",
group: "7",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d5 4s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Mn",
name: "Manganese",
elementColor: [
0.61,
0.48,
0.78
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se"
],
discoverers: [
"C.",
"W.",
"Scheele"
]
},
{
id: "Fe",
atomicNumber: 26,
mass: 55.845,
exactMass: 55.9349375,
ionization: 7.9024,
electronAffinity: 0.151,
electronegativityPauling: 1.83,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'ferrum'",
radiusCovalent: 1.25,
radiusVDW: 2.05,
boilingpoint: 3023,
meltingpoint: 1808,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "0",
period: "4",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d6 4s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Fe",
name: "Iron",
elementColor: [
0.5,
0.48,
0.78
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ancient"
]
},
{
id: "Co",
atomicNumber: 27,
mass: 58.933195,
exactMass: 58.933195,
ionization: 7.881,
electronAffinity: 0.6633,
electronegativityPauling: 1.88,
nameOrigin: "Named after the German word 'Kobold' for 'goblin'",
radiusCovalent: 1.26,
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 3143,
meltingpoint: 1768,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1737",
period: "4",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d7 4s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Co",
name: "Cobalt",
elementColor: [
0.44,
0.48,
0.78
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se"
],
discoverers: [
"G.",
"Brandt"
]
},
{
id: "Ni",
atomicNumber: 28,
mass: 58.6934,
exactMass: 57.9353429,
ionization: 7.6398,
electronAffinity: 1.15716,
electronegativityPauling: 1.91,
nameOrigin: "'Nickel' was the name of a mountain goblin",
radiusCovalent: 1.21,
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 3005,
meltingpoint: 1726,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1751",
period: "4",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d8 4s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Ni",
name: "Nickel",
elementColor: [
0.36,
0.48,
0.76
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se"
],
discoverers: [
"A.",
"F.",
"Cronstedt"
]
},
{
id: "Cu",
atomicNumber: 29,
mass: 63.546,
exactMass: 62.9295975,
ionization: 7.7264,
electronAffinity: 1.23578,
electronegativityPauling: 1.9,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'cuprum' for Cypres",
radiusCovalent: 1.38,
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 2840,
meltingpoint: 1356.6,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "0",
period: "4",
group: "1",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d10 4s1",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Cu",
name: "Copper",
elementColor: [
1,
0.48,
0.38
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ancient"
]
},
{
id: "Zn",
atomicNumber: 30,
mass: 65.38,
exactMass: 63.9291422,
ionization: 9.3942,
electronAffinity: 0,
electronegativityPauling: 1.65,
nameOrigin: "German 'zinking' for 'rough', because zinc ore is very rough",
radiusCovalent: 1.31,
radiusVDW: 2.1,
boilingpoint: 1180,
meltingpoint: 692.73,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1746",
period: "4",
group: "2",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d10 4s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Zn",
name: "Zinc",
elementColor: [
0.49,
0.5,
0.69
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"Andreas",
"Marggraf"
]
},
{
id: "Ga",
atomicNumber: 31,
mass: 69.723,
exactMass: 68.9255736,
ionization: 5.9993,
electronAffinity: 0.41,
electronegativityPauling: 1.81,
nameOrigin: "'Gallia' is an old name for France",
radiusCovalent: 1.26,
radiusVDW: 2.1,
boilingpoint: 2478,
meltingpoint: 302.92,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1875",
period: "4",
group: "3",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d10 4s2 4p1",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Ga",
name: "Gallium",
elementColor: [
0.76,
0.56,
0.56
],
discoveryCountry: [
"fr"
],
discoverers: [
"P.",
"E.",
"Lecoq",
"de",
"Boisbaudran"
]
},
{
id: "Ge",
atomicNumber: 32,
mass: 72.64,
exactMass: 73.9211778,
ionization: 7.8994,
electronAffinity: 1.232712,
electronegativityPauling: 2.01,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'germania' is an old name for Germany",
radiusCovalent: 1.22,
radiusVDW: 2.1,
boilingpoint: 3107,
meltingpoint: 1211.5,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1886",
period: "4",
group: "4",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d10 4s2 4p2",
family: "Metalloids",
symbol: "Ge",
name: "Germanium",
elementColor: [
0.4,
0.56,
0.56
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"C.",
"A.",
"Winkler"
]
},
{
id: "As",
atomicNumber: 33,
mass: 74.9216,
exactMass: 74.9215965,
ionization: 9.7886,
electronAffinity: 0.814,
electronegativityPauling: 2.18,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'arsenikos' for 'male' or 'bold'",
radiusCovalent: 1.19,
radiusVDW: 2.05,
boilingpoint: 876,
meltingpoint: 1090,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "0",
period: "4",
group: "5",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d10 4s2 4p3",
family: "Metalloids",
symbol: "As",
name: "Arsenic",
elementColor: [
0.74,
0.5,
0.89
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ancient"
]
},
{
id: "Se",
atomicNumber: 34,
mass: 78.96,
exactMass: 79.9165213,
ionization: 9.7524,
electronAffinity: 2.02067,
electronegativityPauling: 2.55,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'selena' for 'moon'",
radiusCovalent: 1.16,
radiusVDW: 1.9,
boilingpoint: 958,
meltingpoint: 494,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1817",
period: "4",
group: "6",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d10 4s2 4p4",
family: "Non-Metal",
symbol: "Se",
name: "Selenium",
elementColor: [
1,
0.63,
0
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se"
],
discoverers: [
"J.",
"J.",
"Berzelius"
]
},
{
id: "Br",
atomicNumber: 35,
mass: 79.904,
exactMass: 78.9183371,
ionization: 11.8138,
electronAffinity: 3.363588,
electronegativityPauling: 2.96,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'bromos' for 'smells badly'",
radiusCovalent: 1.14,
radiusVDW: 1.9,
boilingpoint: 331.85,
meltingpoint: 265.95,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1826",
period: "4",
group: "7",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d10 4s2 4p5",
family: "Halogen",
symbol: "Br",
name: "Bromine",
elementColor: [
0.65,
0.16,
0.16
],
discoveryCountry: [
"fr"
],
discoverers: [
"A.",
"J.",
"Balard"
]
},
{
id: "Kr",
atomicNumber: 36,
mass: 83.798,
exactMass: 83.911507,
ionization: 13.9996,
electronAffinity: 0,
electronegativityPauling: 3,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'kryptos' for 'hidden'",
radiusCovalent: 1.1,
radiusVDW: 2.02,
boilingpoint: 120.85,
meltingpoint: 116,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1898",
period: "4",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Ar 3d10 4s2 4p6",
family: "Noblegas",
symbol: "Kr",
name: "Krypton",
elementColor: [
0.36,
0.72,
0.82
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"W. Ramsay",
"M. W. Travers"
]
},
{
id: "Rb",
atomicNumber: 37,
mass: 85.4678,
exactMass: 84.91178974,
ionization: 4.1771,
electronAffinity: 0.485916,
electronegativityPauling: 0.82,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'rubidus' for 'dark red'",
radiusCovalent: 2.11,
radiusVDW: 2.9,
boilingpoint: 961,
meltingpoint: 312.63,
periodTableBlock: "s",
discoveryDate: "1861",
period: "5",
group: "1",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 5s1",
family: "Alkali_Earth",
symbol: "Rb",
name: "Rubidium",
elementColor: [
0.44,
0.18,
0.69
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"Robert W. Bunsen",
"Gustav R. Kirchhoff"
]
},
{
id: "Sr",
atomicNumber: 38,
mass: 87.62,
exactMass: 87.9056121,
ionization: 5.6949,
electronAffinity: 0.05206,
electronegativityPauling: 0.95,
nameOrigin: "Named after the mineral Strontianit",
radiusCovalent: 1.92,
radiusVDW: 2.55,
boilingpoint: 1655,
meltingpoint: 1042,
periodTableBlock: "s",
discoveryDate: "1790",
period: "5",
group: "2",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 5s2",
family: "Alkaline_Earth",
symbol: "Sr",
name: "Strontium",
elementColor: [
0,
1,
0
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"H.",
"B.",
"Davy"
]
},
{
id: "Y",
atomicNumber: 39,
mass: 88.90585,
exactMass: 88.9058483,
ionization: 6.2173,
electronAffinity: 0.307,
electronegativityPauling: 1.22,
nameOrigin: "Named after the small town of Ytterby near Stockholm in Sweden. Terbium. Ytterbium and Gadolinium are also named after this town.",
radiusCovalent: 1.62,
radiusVDW: 2.4,
boilingpoint: 3611,
meltingpoint: 1795,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1794",
period: "5",
group: "3",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d1 5s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Y",
name: "Yttrium",
elementColor: [
0.58,
1,
1
],
discoveryCountry: [
"fi"
],
discoverers: [
"Johann",
"Gadolin"
]
},
{
id: "Zr",
atomicNumber: 40,
mass: 91.224,
exactMass: 89.9047044,
ionization: 6.6339,
electronAffinity: 0.426,
electronegativityPauling: 1.33,
nameOrigin: "Named after the mineral zircon",
radiusCovalent: 1.48,
radiusVDW: 2.3,
boilingpoint: 4682,
meltingpoint: 2128,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1789",
period: "5",
group: "4",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d2 5s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Zr",
name: "Zirconium",
elementColor: [
0.58,
0.88,
0.88
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"Martin",
"Heinrich",
"Klaproth"
]
},
{
id: "Nb",
atomicNumber: 41,
mass: 92.90638,
exactMass: 92.9063781,
ionization: 6.7589,
electronAffinity: 0.893,
electronegativityPauling: 1.6,
nameOrigin: "Named after Niobe, the daughter of the Greek god Tantalus.",
radiusCovalent: 1.37,
radiusVDW: 2.15,
boilingpoint: 5015,
meltingpoint: 2742,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1801",
period: "5",
group: "5",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d4",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Nb",
name: "Niobium",
elementColor: [
0.45,
0.76,
0.79
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"Ch.",
"Hatchett"
]
},
{
id: "Mo",
atomicNumber: 42,
mass: 95.96,
exactMass: 97.9054082,
ionization: 7.0924,
electronAffinity: 0.7472,
electronegativityPauling: 2.16,
nameOrigin: "This name has Greek roots. It means 'like Platinum' - it was difficult to distinguish Molybdenum from Platinum.",
radiusCovalent: 1.45,
radiusVDW: 2.1,
boilingpoint: 4912,
meltingpoint: 2896,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1778",
period: "5",
group: "6",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d5 5s1",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Mo",
name: "Molybdenum",
elementColor: [
0.33,
0.71,
0.71
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se"
],
discoverers: [
"C.",
"W.",
"Scheele"
]
},
{
id: "Tc",
atomicNumber: 43,
mass: 98,
exactMass: 97.907216,
ionization: 7.28,
electronAffinity: 0.55,
electronegativityPauling: 1.9,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'technetos' for artificial",
radiusCovalent: 1.56,
radiusVDW: 2.05,
boilingpoint: 4538,
meltingpoint: 2477,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1937",
period: "5",
group: "7",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d6 5s1",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Tc",
name: "Technetium",
elementColor: [
0.23,
0.62,
0.62
],
discoveryCountry: [
"it"
],
discoverers: [
"C. Perrier",
"E. G. Segre"
]
},
{
id: "Ru",
atomicNumber: 44,
mass: 101.07,
exactMass: 101.9043493,
ionization: 7.3605,
electronAffinity: 1.04638,
electronegativityPauling: 2.2,
nameOrigin: "Ruthenia is the old name of Russia",
radiusCovalent: 1.26,
radiusVDW: 2.05,
boilingpoint: 4425,
meltingpoint: 2610,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1844",
period: "5",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d7 5s1",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Ru",
name: "Ruthenium",
elementColor: [
0.14,
0.56,
0.56
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ru"
],
discoverers: [
"K.",
"Klaus"
]
},
{
id: "Rh",
atomicNumber: 45,
mass: 102.9055,
exactMass: 102.905504,
ionization: 7.4589,
electronAffinity: 1.14289,
electronegativityPauling: 2.28,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'rhodeos' means 'red like a rose'",
radiusCovalent: 1.35,
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 3970,
meltingpoint: 2236,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1803",
period: "5",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d8 5s1",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Rh",
name: "Rhodium",
elementColor: [
0.04,
0.49,
0.55
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"W.",
"Wollaston"
]
},
{
id: "Pd",
atomicNumber: 46,
mass: 106.42,
exactMass: 105.903486,
ionization: 8.3369,
electronAffinity: 0.56214,
electronegativityPauling: 2.2,
nameOrigin: "Named after the asteroid Pallas",
radiusCovalent: 1.31,
radiusVDW: 2.05,
boilingpoint: 3240,
meltingpoint: 1825,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1803",
period: "5",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d10",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Pd",
name: "Palladium",
elementColor: [
0,
0.41,
0.52
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
]
},
{
id: "Ag",
atomicNumber: 47,
mass: 107.8682,
exactMass: 106.905097,
ionization: 7.5762,
electronAffinity: 1.30447,
electronegativityPauling: 1.93,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'argentum' for silver",
radiusCovalent: 1.53,
radiusVDW: 2.1,
boilingpoint: 2436,
meltingpoint: 1235.1,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "0",
period: "5",
group: "1",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d10 5s1",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Ag",
name: "Silver",
elementColor: [
0.88,
0.88,
1
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ancient"
]
},
{
id: "Cd",
atomicNumber: 48,
mass: 112.411,
exactMass: 113.9033585,
ionization: 8.9938,
electronAffinity: 0,
electronegativityPauling: 1.69,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'kadmia' ('Galmei' = Zinc carbonate)",
radiusCovalent: 1.48,
radiusVDW: 2.2,
boilingpoint: 1040,
meltingpoint: 594.26,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1817",
period: "5",
group: "2",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d10 5s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Cd",
name: "Cadmium",
elementColor: [
1,
0.85,
0.56
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"F.",
"Stromeyer"
]
},
{
id: "In",
atomicNumber: 49,
mass: 114.818,
exactMass: 114.903878,
ionization: 5.7864,
electronAffinity: 0.404,
electronegativityPauling: 1.78,
nameOrigin: "Named after 'Indigo' because of its blue spectrum",
radiusCovalent: 1.44,
radiusVDW: 2.2,
boilingpoint: 2350,
meltingpoint: 429.78,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1863",
period: "5",
group: "3",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d10 5s2 5p1",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "In",
name: "Indium",
elementColor: [
0.65,
0.46,
0.45
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"F. Reich",
"H.T. Richter"
]
},
{
id: "Sn",
atomicNumber: 50,
mass: 118.71,
exactMass: 119.9021947,
ionization: 7.3439,
electronAffinity: 1.112066,
electronegativityPauling: 1.96,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'stannum' for tin",
radiusCovalent: 1.41,
radiusVDW: 2.25,
boilingpoint: 2876,
meltingpoint: 505.12,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "0",
period: "5",
group: "4",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d10 5s2 5p2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Sn",
name: "Tin",
elementColor: [
0.4,
0.5,
0.5
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ancient"
]
},
{
id: "Sb",
atomicNumber: 51,
mass: 121.76,
exactMass: 120.9038157,
ionization: 8.6084,
electronAffinity: 1.047401,
electronegativityPauling: 2.05,
nameOrigin: "Arabic 'anthos ammonos' for 'blossom of the god Ammon'",
radiusCovalent: 1.38,
radiusVDW: 2.2,
boilingpoint: 1860,
meltingpoint: 903.91,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "0",
period: "5",
group: "5",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d10 5s2 5p3",
family: "Metalloids",
symbol: "Sb",
name: "Antimony",
elementColor: [
0.62,
0.39,
0.71
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ancient"
]
},
{
id: "Te",
atomicNumber: 52,
mass: 127.6,
exactMass: 129.9062244,
ionization: 9.0096,
electronAffinity: 1.970875,
electronegativityPauling: 2.1,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'tellus' or 'telluris' for 'Planet Earth'",
radiusCovalent: 1.35,
radiusVDW: 2.1,
boilingpoint: 1261,
meltingpoint: 722.72,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1782",
period: "5",
group: "6",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d10 5s2 5p4",
family: "Metalloids",
symbol: "Te",
name: "Tellurium",
elementColor: [
0.83,
0.48,
0
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"Franz",
"Joseph",
"Muller",
"von",
"Reichstein"
]
},
{
id: "I",
atomicNumber: 53,
mass: 126.90447,
exactMass: 126.904473,
ionization: 10.4513,
electronAffinity: 3.059038,
electronegativityPauling: 2.66,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'ioeides' for 'violet'.",
radiusCovalent: 1.33,
radiusVDW: 2.1,
boilingpoint: 457.5,
meltingpoint: 386.7,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1811",
period: "5",
group: "7",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d10 5s2 5p5",
family: "Halogen",
symbol: "I",
name: "Iodine",
elementColor: [
0.58,
0,
0.58
],
discoveryCountry: [
"fr"
],
discoverers: [
"Bernard",
"Courtois"
]
},
{
id: "Xe",
atomicNumber: 54,
mass: 131.293,
exactMass: 131.9041535,
ionization: 12.1298,
electronAffinity: 0,
electronegativityPauling: 2.6,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'xenos' for 'foreigner'",
radiusCovalent: 1.3,
radiusVDW: 2.16,
boilingpoint: 165.1,
meltingpoint: 161.39,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1898",
period: "5",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Kr 4d10 5s2 5p6",
family: "Noblegas",
symbol: "Xe",
name: "Xenon",
elementColor: [
0.26,
0.62,
0.69
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"W. Ramsay",
"M. W. Travers"
]
},
{
id: "Cs",
atomicNumber: 55,
mass: 132.9054519,
exactMass: 132.9054519,
ionization: 3.8939,
electronAffinity: 0.471626,
electronegativityPauling: 0.79,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'caesius' for 'heaven blue'.",
radiusCovalent: 2.25,
radiusVDW: 3,
boilingpoint: 944,
meltingpoint: 301.54,
periodTableBlock: "s",
discoveryDate: "1860",
period: "6",
group: "1",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 6s1",
family: "Alkali_Earth",
symbol: "Cs",
name: "Caesium",
elementColor: [
0.34,
0.09,
0.56
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"Robert Wilhelm Bunsen",
"Gustav Robert Kirchhoff"
]
},
{
id: "Ba",
atomicNumber: 56,
mass: 137.327,
exactMass: 137.9052472,
ionization: 5.2117,
electronAffinity: 0.14462,
electronegativityPauling: 0.89,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'barys' for 'heavy'",
radiusCovalent: 1.98,
radiusVDW: 2.7,
boilingpoint: 2078,
meltingpoint: 1002,
periodTableBlock: "s",
discoveryDate: "1808",
period: "6",
group: "2",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 6s2",
family: "Alkaline_Earth",
symbol: "Ba",
name: "Barium",
elementColor: [
0,
0.79,
0
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"Humphry",
"Bartholomew",
"Davy"
]
},
{
id: "La",
atomicNumber: 57,
mass: 138.90547,
exactMass: 138.9063533,
ionization: 5.5769,
electronAffinity: 0.47,
electronegativityPauling: 1.1,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'lanthanein' for 'hidden'. The Lanthanoids are also called the 'rare earth' elements.",
radiusCovalent: 1.69,
radiusVDW: 2.5,
boilingpoint: 3737,
meltingpoint: 1191,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1839",
period: "6",
group: "3",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 5d1 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "La",
name: "Lanthanum",
elementColor: [
0.44,
0.83,
1
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se"
],
discoverers: [
"K.",
"G.",
"Mosander"
]
},
{
id: "Ce",
atomicNumber: 58,
mass: 140.116,
exactMass: 139.9054387,
ionization: 5.5387,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
electronegativityPauling: 1.12,
nameOrigin: "Named after the planetoid Ceres",
radiusVDW: 2.48,
boilingpoint: 3715,
meltingpoint: 1071,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1803",
period: "6",
group: "4",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f1 5d1 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Ce",
name: "Cerium",
elementColor: [
1,
1,
0.78
],
discoverers: [
"Jöns Jacob Berzelius",
"W. Hisinger",
"M. Klaproth"
]
},
{
id: "Pr",
atomicNumber: 59,
mass: 140.90765,
exactMass: 140.9076528,
ionization: 5.473,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
electronegativityPauling: 1.13,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'prasinos didymos' for 'green twin'",
radiusVDW: 2.47,
boilingpoint: 3785,
meltingpoint: 1204,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1885",
period: "6",
group: "5",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f3 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Pr",
name: "Praseodymium",
elementColor: [
0.85,
1,
0.78
],
discoverers: [
"Carl",
"F.",
"Auer",
"von",
"Welsbach"
]
},
{
id: "Nd",
atomicNumber: 60,
mass: 144.242,
exactMass: 141.9077233,
ionization: 5.525,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
electronegativityPauling: 1.14,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'neos didymos' for 'new twin'",
radiusVDW: 2.45,
boilingpoint: 3347,
meltingpoint: 1294,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1885",
period: "6",
group: "6",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f4 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Nd",
name: "Neodymium",
elementColor: [
0.78,
1,
0.78
],
discoverers: [
"Carl",
"F.",
"Auer",
"von",
"Welsbach"
]
},
{
id: "Pm",
atomicNumber: 61,
mass: 145,
exactMass: 144.912749,
ionization: 5.582,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
nameOrigin: "Named after the Greek Prometheus. Prometheus stole the fire from the gods and gave it to mankind.",
radiusVDW: 2.43,
boilingpoint: 3273,
meltingpoint: 1315,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1945",
period: "6",
group: "7",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f5 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Pm",
name: "Promethium",
elementColor: [
0.64,
1,
0.78
],
discoverers: [
"J. A. Marinsky",
"C. D. Coryell",
"L. E. Glendenin"
]
},
{
id: "Sm",
atomicNumber: 62,
mass: 150.36,
exactMass: 151.9197324,
ionization: 5.6437,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
electronegativityPauling: 1.17,
nameOrigin: "Named after the mineral Samarskit",
radiusVDW: 2.42,
boilingpoint: 2067,
meltingpoint: 1347,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1879",
period: "6",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f6 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Sm",
name: "Samarium",
elementColor: [
0.56,
1,
0.78
],
discoverers: [
"P.",
"Lecoq",
"de",
"Boisbaudran"
]
},
{
id: "Eu",
atomicNumber: 63,
mass: 151.964,
exactMass: 152.9212303,
ionization: 5.6704,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
nameOrigin: "Named after Europe",
radiusVDW: 2.4,
boilingpoint: 1800,
meltingpoint: 1095,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1901",
period: "6",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f7 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Eu",
name: "Europium",
elementColor: [
0.38,
1,
0.78
],
discoverers: [
"E.",
"A.",
"Demarcay"
]
},
{
id: "Gd",
atomicNumber: 64,
mass: 157.25,
exactMass: 157.9241039,
ionization: 6.1498,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
electronegativityPauling: 1.2,
nameOrigin: "Named after the Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin",
radiusVDW: 2.38,
boilingpoint: 3545,
meltingpoint: 1585,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1880",
period: "6",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f7 5d1 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Gd",
name: "Gadolinium",
elementColor: [
0.27,
1,
0.78
],
discoverers: [
"Jean",
"de",
"Marignac"
]
},
{
id: "Tb",
atomicNumber: 65,
mass: 158.92535,
exactMass: 158.9253468,
ionization: 5.8638,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
nameOrigin: "Named after the Swedish town of Ytterby",
radiusVDW: 2.37,
boilingpoint: 3500,
meltingpoint: 1629,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1843",
period: "6",
group: "1",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f9 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Tb",
name: "Terbium",
elementColor: [
0.19,
1,
0.78
],
discoverers: [
"K.",
"G.",
"Mosander"
]
},
{
id: "Dy",
atomicNumber: 66,
mass: 162.5,
exactMass: 163.9291748,
ionization: 5.9389,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
electronegativityPauling: 1.22,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'dysprositor' for 'difficult to reach'",
radiusVDW: 2.35,
boilingpoint: 2840,
meltingpoint: 1685,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1886",
period: "6",
group: "2",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f10 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Dy",
name: "Dysprosium",
elementColor: [
0.12,
1,
0.78
],
discoverers: [
"F.",
"E.",
"Lecoq",
"de",
"Boisbaudran"
]
},
{
id: "Ho",
atomicNumber: 67,
mass: 164.93032,
exactMass: 164.9303221,
ionization: 6.0215,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
electronegativityPauling: 1.23,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'holmia' for the old name of Stockholm",
radiusVDW: 2.33,
boilingpoint: 2968,
meltingpoint: 1747,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1878",
period: "6",
group: "3",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f11 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Ho",
name: "Holmium",
elementColor: [
0,
1,
0.61
],
discoverers: [
"J. L. Soret",
"P.T. Cleve"
]
},
{
id: "Er",
atomicNumber: 68,
mass: 167.259,
exactMass: 165.9302931,
ionization: 6.1077,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
electronegativityPauling: 1.24,
nameOrigin: "Named ofter the Swedish town of Ytterby. Terbium and Ytterbium are also named after this town.",
radiusVDW: 2.32,
boilingpoint: 3140,
meltingpoint: 1802,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1843",
period: "6",
group: "4",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f12 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Er",
name: "Erbium",
elementColor: [
0,
0.9,
0.46
],
discoverers: [
"K.",
"G.",
"Mosander"
]
},
{
id: "Tm",
atomicNumber: 69,
mass: 168.93421,
exactMass: 168.9342133,
ionization: 6.1843,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
electronegativityPauling: 1.25,
nameOrigin: "Named after the old name of Scandinavia, 'Thule'.",
radiusVDW: 2.3,
boilingpoint: 2223,
meltingpoint: 1818,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1879",
period: "6",
group: "5",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f13 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Tm",
name: "Thulium",
elementColor: [
0,
0.83,
0.32
],
discoverers: [
"P.",
"T.",
"Cleve"
]
},
{
id: "Yb",
atomicNumber: 70,
mass: 173.054,
exactMass: 173.9388621,
ionization: 6.2542,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
nameOrigin: "Like Terbium and Gadolinium, this is named after the Swedish town of Ytterby.",
radiusVDW: 2.28,
boilingpoint: 1469,
meltingpoint: 1092,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1878",
period: "6",
group: "6",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Yb",
name: "Ytterbium",
elementColor: [
0,
0.75,
0.22
],
discoverers: [
"J.",
"Ch.",
"Marignac"
]
},
{
id: "Lu",
atomicNumber: 71,
mass: 174.9668,
exactMass: 174.9407718,
ionization: 5.4259,
electronAffinity: 0.5,
electronegativityPauling: 1.27,
nameOrigin: "Named after the Roman name 'Lutetia' for Paris",
radiusCovalent: 1.6,
radiusVDW: 2.27,
boilingpoint: 3668,
meltingpoint: 1936,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1907",
period: "6",
group: "7",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d1 6s2",
family: "Rare_Earth",
symbol: "Lu",
name: "Lutetium",
elementColor: [
0,
0.67,
0.14
],
discoverers: [
"Carl F. Auer von Welsbach",
"G. Urbain"
]
},
{
id: "Hf",
atomicNumber: 72,
mass: 178.49,
exactMass: 179.94655,
ionization: 6.8251,
electronAffinity: 0,
electronegativityPauling: 1.3,
nameOrigin: "'Hafnia' is the old name of Kopenhagen (Denmark)",
radiusCovalent: 1.5,
radiusVDW: 2.25,
boilingpoint: 4875,
meltingpoint: 2504,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1923",
period: "6",
group: "4",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d2 6s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Hf",
name: "Hafnium",
elementColor: [
0.3,
0.76,
1
],
discoveryCountry: [
"dk"
],
discoverers: [
"D. Coster",
"G. Hevesy"
]
},
{
id: "Ta",
atomicNumber: 73,
mass: 180.94788,
exactMass: 180.9479958,
ionization: 7.5496,
electronAffinity: 0.322,
electronegativityPauling: 1.5,
nameOrigin: "Named after the Greek myth of Tantalos",
radiusCovalent: 1.38,
radiusVDW: 2.2,
boilingpoint: 5730,
meltingpoint: 3293,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1802",
period: "6",
group: "5",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d3 6s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Ta",
name: "Tantalum",
elementColor: [
0.3,
0.65,
1
],
discoveryCountry: [
"se"
],
discoverers: [
"A.",
"Ekeberg"
]
},
{
id: "W",
atomicNumber: 74,
mass: 183.84,
exactMass: 183.9509312,
ionization: 7.864,
electronAffinity: 0.815,
electronegativityPauling: 2.36,
nameOrigin: "'tung sten' means 'heavy stone' in Swedish. The old name (and thus the symbol 'W') was Wolfram, named after a mineral.",
radiusCovalent: 1.46,
radiusVDW: 2.1,
boilingpoint: 5825,
meltingpoint: 3695,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1783",
period: "6",
group: "6",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d4 6s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "W",
name: "Tungsten",
elementColor: [
0.13,
0.58,
0.84
],
discoveryCountry: [
"es"
],
discoverers: [
"C.",
"W.",
"Scheele"
]
},
{
id: "Re",
atomicNumber: 75,
mass: 186.207,
exactMass: 186.9557531,
ionization: 7.8335,
electronAffinity: 0.15,
electronegativityPauling: 1.9,
nameOrigin: "Named after the German river Rhine (latin 'Rhenium').",
radiusCovalent: 1.59,
radiusVDW: 2.05,
boilingpoint: 5870,
meltingpoint: 3455,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1925",
period: "6",
group: "7",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d5 6s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Re",
name: "Rhenium",
elementColor: [
0.15,
0.49,
0.67
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"Walter Noddack",
"Ida Tacke-Noddack",
"Otto Berg"
]
},
{
id: "Os",
atomicNumber: 76,
mass: 190.23,
exactMass: 191.9614807,
ionization: 8.4382,
electronAffinity: 1.0778,
electronegativityPauling: 2.2,
nameOrigin: "Greek for 'smell'. Its oxides smell strongly like radishes.",
radiusCovalent: 1.28,
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 5300,
meltingpoint: 3300,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1804",
period: "6",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d6 6s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Os",
name: "Osmium",
elementColor: [
0.15,
0.4,
0.59
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"S.",
"Tennant"
]
},
{
id: "Ir",
atomicNumber: 77,
mass: 192.217,
exactMass: 192.9629264,
ionization: 8.967,
electronAffinity: 1.56436,
electronegativityPauling: 2.2,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'iris' for 'rainbow'",
radiusCovalent: 1.37,
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 4700,
meltingpoint: 2720,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1804",
period: "6",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d7 6s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Ir",
name: "Iridium",
elementColor: [
0.09,
0.33,
0.53
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"S.",
"Tennant"
]
},
{
id: "Pt",
atomicNumber: 78,
mass: 195.084,
exactMass: 194.9647911,
ionization: 8.9588,
electronAffinity: 2.1251,
electronegativityPauling: 2.28,
nameOrigin: "Spanish 'platina' means 'small silver'",
radiusCovalent: 1.28,
radiusVDW: 2.05,
boilingpoint: 4100,
meltingpoint: 2042.1,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1735",
period: "6",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d9 6s1",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Pt",
name: "Platinum",
elementColor: [
0.96,
0.93,
0.82
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"A.",
"de",
"Ulloa"
]
},
{
id: "Au",
atomicNumber: 79,
mass: 196.966569,
exactMass: 196.9665687,
ionization: 9.2255,
electronAffinity: 2.30861,
electronegativityPauling: 2.54,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'aurum'. Named after Aurora, the goddess of sunrise",
radiusCovalent: 1.44,
radiusVDW: 2.1,
boilingpoint: 3130,
meltingpoint: 1337.58,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "0",
period: "6",
group: "1",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d10 6s1",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Au",
name: "Gold",
elementColor: [
0.8,
0.82,
0.12
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ancient"
]
},
{
id: "Hg",
atomicNumber: 80,
mass: 200.59,
exactMass: 201.970643,
ionization: 10.4375,
electronAffinity: 0,
electronegativityPauling: 2,
nameOrigin: "Graeco-Latin 'hydrargyrum' for 'liquid silver'",
radiusCovalent: 1.49,
radiusVDW: 2.05,
boilingpoint: 629.88,
meltingpoint: 234.31,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "0",
period: "6",
group: "2",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Hg",
name: "Mercury",
elementColor: [
0.71,
0.71,
0.76
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ancient"
]
},
{
id: "Tl",
atomicNumber: 81,
mass: 204.3833,
exactMass: 204.9744275,
ionization: 6.1082,
electronAffinity: 0.377,
electronegativityPauling: 1.62,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'tallos' for 'young twig'",
radiusCovalent: 1.48,
radiusVDW: 2.2,
boilingpoint: 1746,
meltingpoint: 577,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1861",
period: "6",
group: "3",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Tl",
name: "Thallium",
elementColor: [
0.65,
0.33,
0.3
],
discoveryCountry: [
"uk"
],
discoverers: [
"W.",
"Crookes"
]
},
{
id: "Pb",
atomicNumber: 82,
mass: 207.2,
exactMass: 207.9766521,
ionization: 7.4167,
electronAffinity: 0.364,
electronegativityPauling: 2.33,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'plumbum' for Lead",
radiusCovalent: 1.47,
radiusVDW: 2.3,
boilingpoint: 2023,
meltingpoint: 600.65,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "0",
period: "6",
group: "4",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Pb",
name: "Lead",
elementColor: [
0.34,
0.35,
0.38
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ancient"
]
},
{
id: "Bi",
atomicNumber: 83,
mass: 208.9804,
exactMass: 208.9803987,
ionization: 7.2855,
electronAffinity: 0.942363,
electronegativityPauling: 2.02,
nameOrigin: "The old name of Bismuth is 'Wismut', which stood for 'white mass'.",
radiusCovalent: 1.46,
radiusVDW: 2.3,
boilingpoint: 1837,
meltingpoint: 544.59,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "0",
period: "6",
group: "5",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Bi",
name: "Bismuth",
elementColor: [
0.62,
0.31,
0.71
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ancient"
]
},
{
id: "Po",
atomicNumber: 84,
mass: 209,
exactMass: 208.9824304,
ionization: 8.414,
electronAffinity: 1.9,
electronegativityPauling: 2,
nameOrigin: "Named after Poland to honor Marie Curie",
radiusVDW: 2,
meltingpoint: 527,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1898",
period: "6",
group: "6",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4",
family: "Metalloids",
symbol: "Po",
name: "Polonium",
elementColor: [
0.67,
0.36,
0
],
discoveryCountry: [
"fr"
],
discoverers: [
"M. Sklodowska-Curie",
"P. Curie"
]
},
{
id: "At",
atomicNumber: 85,
mass: 210,
exactMass: 209.987148,
ionization: 0,
electronAffinity: 2.8,
electronegativityPauling: 2.2,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'astator' for 'changing'",
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 610,
meltingpoint: 575,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1940",
period: "6",
group: "7",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5",
family: "Halogen",
symbol: "At",
name: "Astatine",
elementColor: [
0.46,
0.31,
0.27
],
discoveryCountry: [
"us"
],
discoverers: [
"D. R. Corson",
"K. R. McKenzie",
"E. Segre"
]
},
{
id: "Rn",
atomicNumber: 86,
mass: 222,
exactMass: 222.0175777,
ionization: 10.7485,
electronAffinity: 0,
nameOrigin: "Named after Radium. It ends with 'on' to make it clear that it is a noble gas.",
radiusCovalent: 1.45,
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 211.4,
meltingpoint: 202,
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1898",
period: "6",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6",
family: "Noblegas",
symbol: "Rn",
name: "Radon",
elementColor: [
0.26,
0.51,
0.59
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"E.",
"Dorn"
]
},
{
id: "Fr",
atomicNumber: 87,
mass: 223,
exactMass: 223.0197359,
ionization: 4.0727,
electronegativityPauling: 0.7,
nameOrigin: "Named after France to honor Marguerite Perey",
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 950,
meltingpoint: 300,
periodTableBlock: "s",
discoveryDate: "1939",
period: "7",
group: "1",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 7s1",
family: "Alkali_Earth",
symbol: "Fr",
name: "Francium",
elementColor: [
0.26,
0,
0.4
],
discoveryCountry: [
"fr"
],
discoverers: [
"M.",
"Perey"
]
},
{
id: "Ra",
atomicNumber: 88,
mass: 226,
exactMass: 226.0254098,
ionization: 5.2784,
electronegativityPauling: 0.9,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'radius' for 'beam', as it is radioactive",
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 1413,
meltingpoint: 973,
periodTableBlock: "s",
discoveryDate: "1898",
period: "7",
group: "2",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 7s2",
family: "Alkaline_Earth",
symbol: "Ra",
name: "Radium",
elementColor: [
0,
0.49,
0
],
discoveryCountry: [
"fr"
],
discoverers: [
"M. Sklodowska-Curie",
"P. Curie"
]
},
{
id: "Ac",
atomicNumber: 89,
mass: 227,
exactMass: 227.0277521,
ionization: 5.17,
electronegativityPauling: 1.1,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'aktis' for 'beam' - actinium is radioactive",
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 3470,
meltingpoint: 1324,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1899",
period: "7",
group: "3",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 6d1 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Ac",
name: "Actinium",
elementColor: [
0.44,
0.67,
0.98
],
discoveryCountry: [
"fr"
],
discoverers: [
"A.",
"L.",
"Debierne"
]
},
{
id: "Th",
atomicNumber: 90,
mass: 232.03806,
exactMass: 232.0380553,
ionization: 6.3067,
electronegativityPauling: 1.3,
nameOrigin: "Named after the German god of thunder: Thor",
radiusVDW: 2.4,
boilingpoint: 5060,
meltingpoint: 2028,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1828",
period: "7",
group: "4",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 6d2 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Th",
name: "Thorium",
elementColor: [
0,
0.73,
1
],
discoverers: [
"J.",
"J.",
"Berzelius"
]
},
{
id: "Pa",
atomicNumber: 91,
mass: 231.03588,
exactMass: 231.035884,
ionization: 5.89,
electronegativityPauling: 1.5,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'protos' for 'ancester'. Protactinium is before Actinium in the periodic table.",
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 4300,
meltingpoint: 1845,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1917",
period: "7",
group: "5",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f2 6d1 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Pa",
name: "Protactinium",
elementColor: [
0,
0.63,
1
],
discoverers: [
"O. Hahn",
"L. Meitern",
"W. Wollaston"
]
},
{
id: "U",
atomicNumber: 92,
mass: 238.02891,
exactMass: 238.0507882,
ionization: 6.1941,
electronegativityPauling: 1.38,
nameOrigin: "Greek 'ouranos' for 'heaven'. Named after the planet Uranus.",
radiusVDW: 2.3,
boilingpoint: 4407,
meltingpoint: 1408,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1789",
period: "7",
group: "6",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f3 6d1 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "U",
name: "Uranium",
elementColor: [
0,
0.56,
1
],
discoverers: [
"M.",
"M.",
"Klaproth"
]
},
{
id: "Np",
atomicNumber: 93,
mass: 237,
exactMass: 237.0481734,
ionization: 6.2657,
electronegativityPauling: 1.36,
nameOrigin: "Named after the planet Neptune.",
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 4175,
meltingpoint: 912,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1940",
period: "7",
group: "7",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f4 6d1 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Np",
name: "Neptunium",
elementColor: [
0,
0.5,
1
],
discoverers: [
"E. M. McMillan",
"P. Aberson"
]
},
{
id: "Pu",
atomicNumber: 94,
mass: 244,
exactMass: 244.064204,
ionization: 6.026,
electronegativityPauling: 1.28,
nameOrigin: "Named after the planet Pluto.",
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 3505,
meltingpoint: 913,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1940",
period: "7",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f6 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Pu",
name: "Plutonium",
elementColor: [
0,
0.42,
1
],
discoverers: [
"Glenn T. Seaborg",
"E. M. McMillan",
"J. W. Kennedy",
"A.C. Wahl"
]
},
{
id: "Am",
atomicNumber: 95,
mass: 243,
exactMass: 243.0613811,
ionization: 5.9738,
electronegativityPauling: 1.3,
nameOrigin: "Named after America.",
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 2880,
meltingpoint: 1449,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1945",
period: "7",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f7 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Am",
name: "Americium",
elementColor: [
0.33,
0.36,
0.95
],
discoverers: [
"Glenn T. Seaborg",
"L. O. Morgan",
"R. A. James",
"A. Ghiors"
]
},
{
id: "Cm",
atomicNumber: 96,
mass: 247,
exactMass: 247.070354,
ionization: 5.9914,
electronegativityPauling: 1.3,
nameOrigin: "Named after Marie Curie.",
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 3383,
meltingpoint: 1620,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1944",
period: "7",
group: "8",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f7 6d1 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Cm",
name: "Curium",
elementColor: [
0.47,
0.36,
0.89
],
discoverers: [
"Glenn T. Seaborg",
"R. A. James",
"A. Ghiors"
]
},
{
id: "Bk",
atomicNumber: 97,
mass: 247,
exactMass: 247.070307,
ionization: 6.1979,
electronegativityPauling: 1.3,
nameOrigin: "Named after the town Berkeley where it was discovered.",
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 983,
meltingpoint: 1258,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1949",
period: "7",
group: "1",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f9 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Bk",
name: "Berkelium",
elementColor: [
0.54,
0.31,
0.89
],
discoverers: [
"Glenn T. Seaborg",
"A. Ghiors",
"S. G. Thompson"
]
},
{
id: "Cf",
atomicNumber: 98,
mass: 251,
exactMass: 251.079587,
ionization: 6.2817,
electronegativityPauling: 1.3,
nameOrigin: "Named after the US-State of California.",
radiusVDW: 2,
boilingpoint: 1173,
meltingpoint: 1172,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1950",
period: "7",
group: "2",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f10 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Cf",
name: "Californium",
elementColor: [
0.63,
0.21,
0.83
],
discoverers: [
"Glenn T. Seaborg",
"A. Ghiors",
"S. G. Thompson"
]
},
{
id: "Es",
atomicNumber: 99,
mass: 252,
exactMass: 252.08298,
ionization: 6.42,
electronegativityPauling: 1.3,
nameOrigin: "Named after the scientist Albert Einstein.",
radiusVDW: 2,
meltingpoint: 1130,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1952",
period: "7",
group: "3",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f11 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Es",
name: "Einsteinium",
elementColor: [
0.7,
0.12,
0.83
],
discoverers: [
"Glenn T. Seaborg",
"et al."
]
},
{
id: "Fm",
atomicNumber: 100,
mass: 257,
exactMass: 257.095105,
ionization: 6.5,
electronegativityPauling: 1.3,
nameOrigin: "Named after the scientist Enrico Fermi.",
radiusVDW: 2,
meltingpoint: 1800,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1953",
period: "7",
group: "4",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f12 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Fm",
name: "Fermium",
elementColor: [
0.7,
0.12,
0.73
],
discoverers: [
"Glenn T. Seaborg",
"et al."
]
},
{
id: "Md",
atomicNumber: 101,
mass: 258,
exactMass: 258.098431,
ionization: 6.58,
electronegativityPauling: 1.3,
nameOrigin: "Named after the scientist D.I. Mendeleev.",
radiusVDW: 2,
meltingpoint: 1100,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1955",
period: "7",
group: "5",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f13 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Md",
name: "Mendelevium",
elementColor: [
0.7,
0.05,
0.65
],
discoverers: [
"Glenn T. Seaborg",
"Albert Ghiorso",
"Bernard Harvey",
"Gregory Choppin",
"Stanley G. Thompson"
]
},
{
id: "No",
atomicNumber: 102,
mass: 259,
exactMass: 259.10103,
ionization: 6.65,
electronegativityPauling: 1.3,
nameOrigin: "Named after the scientist Alfred Nobel.",
radiusVDW: 2,
meltingpoint: 1100,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1958",
period: "7",
group: "6",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f14 7s2",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "No",
name: "Nobelium",
elementColor: [
0.74,
0.05,
0.53
]
},
{
id: "Lr",
atomicNumber: 103,
mass: 262,
exactMass: 262.10963,
ionization: 4.9,
nameOrigin: "Named after the scientist Ernest Orlando Lawrence.",
radiusVDW: 2,
meltingpoint: 1900,
periodTableBlock: "f",
discoveryDate: "1961",
period: "7",
group: "7",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f14 7s2 7p1",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Lr",
name: "Lawrencium",
elementColor: [
0.78,
0,
0.4
],
discoverers: [
"Albert Ghiorso",
"Torbjorn Sikkeland",
"Almon Larsh",
"Robert M. Latimer"
]
},
{
id: "Rf",
atomicNumber: 104,
mass: 267,
exactMass: 261.10877,
ionization: 6,
nameOrigin: "Named after the scientist Ernest Rutherford",
radiusVDW: 2,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1964",
period: "7",
group: "4",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f14 6d2 7s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Rf",
name: "Rutherfordium",
elementColor: [
0.8,
0,
0.35
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ru",
"us"
]
},
{
id: "Db",
atomicNumber: 105,
mass: 268,
exactMass: 262.11408,
nameOrigin: "Named after the science-town Dubna in Russia",
radiusVDW: 2,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1967",
period: "7",
group: "5",
electronicConfiguration: "Rn 5f14 6d3 7s2",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Db",
name: "Dubnium",
elementColor: [
0.82,
0,
0.31
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ru",
"us"
]
},
{
id: "Sg",
atomicNumber: 106,
mass: 271,
exactMass: 263.11832,
nameOrigin: "Named after the scientist G. Theodore Seaborg.",
radiusVDW: 2,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1974",
period: "7",
group: "6",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Sg",
name: "Seaborgium",
elementColor: [
0.85,
0,
0.27
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ru",
"us"
],
discoverers: [
"Albert Ghiorso",
"et al."
]
},
{
id: "Bh",
atomicNumber: 107,
mass: 272,
exactMass: 264.1246,
nameOrigin: "Named after the scientist Niels Bohr.",
radiusVDW: 2,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1981",
period: "7",
group: "7",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Bh",
name: "Bohrium",
elementColor: [
0.88,
0,
0.22
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ru"
],
discoverers: [
"Peter Armbruster",
"Gottfried Münzenber",
"et al."
]
},
{
id: "Hs",
atomicNumber: 108,
mass: 270,
exactMass: 265.13009,
nameOrigin: "Latin 'hassia' for the German county Hessen. In Hessen a lot elements have been discovered.",
radiusVDW: 2,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1984",
period: "7",
group: "8",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Hs",
name: "Hassium",
elementColor: [
0.9,
0,
0.18
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"Peter Armbruster",
"Gottfried Münzenber",
"et al."
]
},
{
id: "Mt",
atomicNumber: 109,
mass: 276,
exactMass: 268.13873,
nameOrigin: "Named after the scientist Lise Meitner.",
radiusVDW: 2,
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1982",
period: "7",
group: "8",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Mt",
name: "Meitnerium",
elementColor: [
0.91,
0,
0.15
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"Peter Armbruster",
"Gottfried Münzenber",
"et al."
]
},
{
id: "Ds",
atomicNumber: 110,
mass: 281,
exactMass: 271.14606,
nameOrigin: "Named after the German city Darmstadt where many elements have been discovered.",
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1994",
period: "7",
group: "8",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Ds",
name: "Darmstadtium",
elementColor: [
0.92,
0,
0.14
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"S. Hofmann",
"V. Ninov",
"F. P. Hessberger",
"P. Armbruster",
"H. Folger",
"G. Münzenberg",
"H. J. Schött",
"et al."
]
},
{
id: "Rg",
atomicNumber: 111,
mass: 280,
exactMass: 272.15362,
nameOrigin: "Named after Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.",
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1994",
period: "7",
group: "1",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Rg",
name: "Roentgenium",
elementColor: [
0.93,
0,
0.13
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"S. Hofmann",
"V. Ninov",
"F. P. Hessberger",
"P. Armbruster",
"H. Folger",
"G. Münzenberg",
"et al."
]
},
{
id: "Cn",
atomicNumber: 112,
mass: 285,
exactMass: 285.17411,
nameOrigin: "Historically known as eka-mercury. Ununbium is a temporary IUPAC systematic element name.",
periodTableBlock: "d",
discoveryDate: "1996",
period: "7",
family: "Transition",
symbol: "Cn",
name: "Copernicium",
elementColor: [
0.94,
0,
0.12
],
discoveryCountry: [
"de"
],
discoverers: [
"First",
"created",
"at",
"the",
"Gesellschaft",
"für",
"Schwerionenforschung"
]
},
{
id: "Uut",
atomicNumber: 113,
mass: 284,
exactMass: 284.17808,
nameOrigin: "Historically known as eka-thallium. Ununtrium is a temporary IUPAC systematic element name.",
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "2003",
period: "7",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Uut",
name: "Ununtrium",
elementColor: [
0.95,
0,
0.11
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ru",
"us"
],
discoverers: [
"Russian scientists at Dubna (JINR)",
"American scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory."
]
},
{
id: "Uuq",
atomicNumber: 114,
mass: 289,
exactMass: 289.18728,
nameOrigin: "Historically known as eka-lead. Ununquadium is a temporary IUPAC systematic element name.",
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "1998",
period: "7",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Uuq",
name: "Ununquadium",
elementColor: [
0.96,
0,
0.1
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ru",
"us"
],
discoverers: [
"Joint",
"Institute",
"for",
"Nuclear",
"Research"
]
},
{
id: "Uup",
atomicNumber: 115,
mass: 288,
exactMass: 288.19249,
nameOrigin: "Historically known as eka-bismuth. Ununpentium is a temporary IUPAC systematic element name.",
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "2004",
period: "7",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Uup",
name: "Ununpentium",
elementColor: [
0.97,
0,
0.09
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ru",
"us"
],
discoverers: [
"Russian scientists at Dubna (JINR)",
"American scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory."
]
},
{
id: "Uuh",
atomicNumber: 116,
mass: 293,
exactMass: 292.19979,
nameOrigin: "Historically known as eka-polonium. Ununhexium is a temporary IUPAC systematic element name.",
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "2000",
period: "7",
family: "Other_Metal",
symbol: "Uuh",
name: "Ununhexium",
elementColor: [
0.98,
0,
0.08
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ru"
],
discoverers: [
"Joint",
"Institute",
"for",
"Nuclear",
"Research"
]
},
{
id: "Uus",
atomicNumber: 117,
nameOrigin: "Temporary symbol and name. Can also be referred to as eka-astatine.",
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "0",
period: "7",
family: "Halogen",
symbol: "Uus",
name: "Ununseptium",
elementColor: [
0.99,
0,
0.07
]
},
{
id: "Uuo",
atomicNumber: 118,
mass: 294,
nameOrigin: "Historically known as eka-radon, eka-emanation before 1960. Ununoctium is a temporary IUPAC systematic element name.",
periodTableBlock: "p",
discoveryDate: "2002",
period: "7",
family: "Noblegas",
symbol: "Uuo",
name: "Ununoctium",
elementColor: [
1,
0,
0.06
],
discoveryCountry: [
"ru",
"us"
],
discoverers: [
"Russian scientists at Dubna (JINR)",
"American scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory."
]
}
];
var atomElem = {
atoms: atoms
};
export { atomElem as a };