thenavisapp

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US-x-hixie" class="split index"><head><title>HTML Standard</title><script> var loadTimer = new Date(); var current_revision = "r" + "$Revision: 8434 $".substr(11); current_revision = current_revision.substr(0, current_revision.length - 2); var last_known_revision = current_revision; function F( /* varargs... */) { var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(); for (var index = 0; index < arguments.length; index += 1) { if (arguments[index] instanceof Array) { fragment.appendChild(F.apply(this, arguments[index])); } else if (typeof arguments[index] == 'string') { fragment.appendChild(document.createTextNode(arguments[index])); } else { fragment.appendChild(arguments[index]); } } return fragment; } function E(name, /* optional */ attributes /*, varargs... */) { var element = document.createElement(name); var index = 1; if ((arguments.length > 1) && (typeof attributes != 'string') && (!(attributes instanceof Node)) && (!(attributes instanceof Array))) { for (var attName in attributes) { if (typeof attributes[attName] == 'boolean') { if (attributes[attName]) element.setAttribute(attName, ''); 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currentAlert.id = 'alert'; var x = document.createElement('button'); x.textContent = '\u2573'; x.onclick = closeAlert2; currentAlert.appendChild(x); currentAlert.appendChild(document.createElement('span')); currentAlert.onmousemove = function () { clearTimeout(currentAlertTimeout); currentAlert.className = ''; currentAlertTimeout = setTimeout(closeAlert, 10000); } document.body.appendChild(currentAlert); } else { clearTimeout(currentAlertTimeout); currentAlert.className = ''; } currentAlert.lastChild.textContent = ''; currentAlert.lastChild.appendChild(F(s)); if (href) { var link = document.createElement('a'); link.href = href; link.textContent = href; currentAlert.lastChild.appendChild(F(' ', link)); } currentAlertTimeout = setTimeout(closeAlert, 10000); } function closeAlert() { clearTimeout(currentAlertTimeout); if (currentAlert) { currentAlert.className = 'closed'; currentAlertTimeout = setTimeout(closeAlert2, 3000); } } function closeAlert2() { clearTimeout(currentAlertTimeout); if (currentAlert) { currentAlert.parentNode.removeChild(currentAlert); currentAlert = null; } } window.addEventListener('keydown', function (event) { if (event.keyCode == 27) { if (currentAlert) closeAlert2(); } else { closeAlert(); } }, false); window.addEventListener('scroll', function (event) { closeAlert(); }, false); function load(script) { var e = document.createElement('script'); e.setAttribute('src', 'http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/' + script); document.body.appendChild(e); } </script><link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.whatwg.org/style/specification"><link rel="icon" href="http://www.whatwg.org/images/icon"><style> .proposal { border: blue solid; padding: 1em; } .bad, .bad *:not(.XXX) { color: gray; border-color: gray; background: transparent; } #updatesStatus { display: none; z-index: 10; } #updatesStatus.relevant { display: block; position: fixed; right: 1em; top: 1em; padding: 0.5em; font: bold small sans-serif; min-width: 25em; width: 30%; max-width: 40em; height: auto; border: ridge 4px gray; background: #EEEEEE; color: black; } div.head .logo { width: 11em; margin-bottom: 20em; } #configUI { position: absolute; z-index: 20; top: 10em; right: 0; width: 11em; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; font-size: small; background: gray; background: rgba(32,32,32,0.9); color: white; border-radius: 1em 0 0 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em 0 0 1em; } #configUI p { margin: 0.75em 0; padding: 0.3em; } #configUI p label { display: block; } #configUI #updateUI, #configUI .loginUI { text-align: center; } #configUI input[type=button] { display: block; margin: auto; } #configUI :link, #configUI :visited { color: white; } #configUI :link:hover, #configUI :visited:hover { background: transparent; } #reviewer { position: fixed; bottom: 0; right: 0; padding: 0.15em 0.25em 0em 0.5em; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; z-index: 30; background: gray; background: rgba(32,32,32,0.9); color: white; border-radius: 1em 0 0 0; -moz-border-radius: 1em 0 0 0; max-width: 90%; } #reviewer input { max-width: 50%; } #reviewer * { font-size: small; } #reviewer.off > :not(:first-child) { display: none; } #alert { position: fixed; top: 20%; left: 20%; right: 20%; font-size: 2em; padding: 0.5em; z-index: 40; background: gray; background: rgba(32,32,32,0.9); color: white; border-radius: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em; -webkit-transition: opacity 1s linear; } #alert.closed { opacity: 0; } #alert button { position: absolute; top: -1em; right: 2em; border-radius: 1em 1em 0 0; border: none; line-height: 0.9; color: white; background: rgb(64,64,64); font-size: 0.6em; font-weight: 900; cursor: pointer; } #alert :link, #alert :visited { color: white; } #alert :link:hover, #alert :visited:hover { background: transparent; } @media print { #configUI { display: none; } } .rfc2119 { font-variant: small-caps; text-shadow: 0 0 0.5em yellow; position: static; } .rfc2119::after { position: absolute; left: 0; width: 25px; text-align: center; color: yellow; text-shadow: 0.075em 0.075em 0.2em black; } .rfc2119.m\ust::after { content: '\2605'; } .rfc2119.s\hould::after { content: '\2606'; } [hidden] { display: none; } </style><style type="text/css"> .fingerprint { float: right; } .applies thead th > * { display: block; } .applies thead code { display: block; } .applies td { text-align: center; } .applies .yes { background: yellow; } .matrix, .matrix td { border: hidden; text-align: right; } .matrix { margin-left: 2em; } .vertical-summary-table tr > th[rowspan="2"]:first-child + th, .vertical-summary-table tr > td[rowspan="2"]:first-child + td { border-bottom: hidden; } .dice-example { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden solid solid hidden; border-width: thin; margin-left: 3em; } .dice-example caption { width: 30em; font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: left; } .dice-example td, .dice-example th { border: solid thin; width: 1.35em; height: 1.05em; text-align: center; padding: 0; } td.eg { border-width: thin; text-align: center; } #table-example-1 { border: solid thin; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 3em; } #table-example-1 * { font-family: "Essays1743", serif; line-height: 1.01em; } #table-example-1 caption { padding-bottom: 0.5em; } #table-example-1 thead, #table-example-1 tbody { border: none; } #table-example-1 th, #table-example-1 td { border: solid thin; } #table-example-1 th { font-weight: normal; } #table-example-1 td { border-style: none solid; vertical-align: top; } #table-example-1 th { padding: 0.5em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; } #table-example-1 tbody tr:first-child td { padding-top: 0.5em; } #table-example-1 tbody tr:last-child td { padding-bottom: 1.5em; } #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child { padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 0; width: 9em; } #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child::after { content: leader(". "); } #table-example-1 tbody td { padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 2em; } #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td { width: 10em; } #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td ~ td { width: 2.5em; } #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td + td + td ~ td { width: 1.25em; } .apple-table-examples { border: none; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 1.5em 0em; width: 40em; margin-left: 3em; } .apple-table-examples * { font-family: "Times", serif; } .apple-table-examples td, .apple-table-examples th { border: none; white-space: nowrap; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; } .apple-table-examples tbody th:first-child { border-left: none; width: 100%; } .apple-table-examples thead th:first-child ~ th { font-size: smaller; font-weight: bolder; border-bottom: solid 2px; text-align: center; } .apple-table-examples tbody th::after, .apple-table-examples tfoot th::after { content: leader(". ") } .apple-table-examples tbody th, .apple-table-examples tfoot th { font: inherit; text-align: left; } .apple-table-examples td { text-align: right; vertical-align: top; } .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: solid 1px; } .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody + tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: double 3px; } .apple-table-examples.e2 th[scope=row] { padding-left: 1em; } .apple-table-examples sup { line-height: 0; } .three-column-nowrap tr > td:first-child, .three-column-nowrap tr > td:first-child + td, .three-column-nowrap tr > td:first-child + td + td { white-space: nowrap; } .details-example img { vertical-align: top; } #base64-table { white-space: nowrap; font-size: 0.6em; column-width: 6em; column-count: 5; column-gap: 1em; -moz-column-width: 6em; -moz-column-count: 5; -moz-column-gap: 1em; -webkit-column-width: 6em; -webkit-column-count: 5; -webkit-column-gap: 1em; } #base64-table thead { display: none; } #base64-table * { border: none; } #base64-table tbody td:first-child:after { content: ':'; } #base64-table tbody td:last-child { text-align: right; } #named-character-references-table { white-space: nowrap; font-size: 0.6em; column-width: 30em; column-gap: 1em; -moz-column-width: 30em; -moz-column-gap: 1em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-gap: 1em; } #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:first-child + td, #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:last-child { text-align: center; } #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:last-child:hover > span { position: absolute; top: auto; left: auto; margin-left: 0.5em; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 5em; border: outset; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; background: white; width: 1.25em; height: auto; text-align: center; } #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr#entity-CounterClockwiseContourIntegral > td:first-child { font-size: 0.5em; } .glyph.control { color: red; } @font-face { font-family: 'Essays1743'; src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743.ttf'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Essays1743'; font-weight: bold; src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-Bold.ttf'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Essays1743'; font-style: italic; src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-Italic.ttf'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Essays1743'; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-BoldItalic.ttf'); } </style><link rel="stylesheet" href="data:text/css," title="Normal"><link rel="stylesheet alternate" href="data:text/css,.impl%20%7B%20background:%20pink;%20%7D" title="Highlight implementation-only prose"><link rel="stylesheet" href="status.css"><script> var startedInit = 0; function init() { startedInit = 1; if (location.search == '?slow-browser') return; var configUI = document.createElement('div'); configUI.id = 'configUI'; document.body.appendChild(configUI); load('reviewer.js'); if (document.documentElement.className == "" || document.documentElement.className == "split index") load('toc.js'); load('updater.js'); load('dfn.js'); load('status.js'); if (getCookie('profile') == '1') document.getElementsByTagName('h2')[0].textContent += '; load: ' + (new Date() - loadTimer) + 'ms'; } if (document.documentElement.className == "") setTimeout(function () { if (!startedInit) showAlert("Too slow? Try reading the multipage copy of the spec instead:", "http://whatwg.org/html"); }, 6000); window.addEventListener('keypress', function (event) { if ((event.which == 114) && (event.metaKey)) { if (!confirm('Are you sure you want to reload this page?')) event.preventDefault(); } }, false); </script> <script src="link-fixup.js"></script> </head><body onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><header class="head" id="head"><a href="http://www.whatwg.org/" class="logo"><img width="101" src="/images/logo" alt="WHATWG" height="101"></a> <hgroup><h1 class="allcaps">HTML</h1> <h2 class="no-num no-toc">Living Standard — Last Updated 28 January 2014</h2> </hgroup><dl><dt>Web developer edition:</dt> <dd><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/">http://developers.whatwg.org/</a></dd> <dt>Multiple-page version:</dt> <dd><a href="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/">http://whatwg.org/html</a></dd> <dt>One-page version:</dt> <dd><a href="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/">http://whatwg.org/c</a></dd> <dt>Validators</dt> <dd><a href="http://validator.whatwg.org/">http://validator.whatwg.org/</a></dd> <dt>Participate:</dt> <dd><a href="http://www.whatwg.org/mailing-list">whatwg@whatwg.org</a></dd> <dd><a href="http://forums.whatwg.org/">http://forums.whatwg.org/</a></dd> <dd><a href="http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/IRC">IRC: #whatwg on Freenode</a></dd> <dt>FAQ:</dt> <dd><a href="http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/FAQ">http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/FAQ</a></dd> <dt>Version history:</dt> <dd>Twitter updates: <a href="http://twitter.com/WHATWG">http://twitter.com/WHATWG</a></dd> <dd>Commit-Watchers mailing list: <a href="http://lists.whatwg.org/listinfo.cgi/commit-watchers-whatwg.org">http://lists.whatwg.org/listinfo.cgi/commit-watchers-whatwg.org</a></dd> <dd>Interactive Web interface: <a href="http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker">http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker</a></dd> <dd>Subversion interface: <a href="http://svn.whatwg.org/">http://svn.whatwg.org/</a></dd> <dt>Issues:</dt> <dd>To view the open bugs: <a href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/buglist.cgi?query_format=advanced&short_desc_type=allwordssubstr&short_desc=&product=WHATWG&component=HTML&longdesc_type=allwordssubstr&longdesc=&bug_file_loc_type=allwordssubstr&bug_file_loc=&status_whiteboard_type=allwordssubstr&status_whiteboard=&keywords_type=allwords&keywords=&bug_status=UNCONFIRMED&bug_status=NEW&bug_status=ASSIGNED&bug_status=REOPENED&emailtype1=substring&email1=&emailtype2=substring&email2=&bug_id_type=anyexact&bug_id=&votes=&chfieldfrom=&chfieldto=Now&chfieldvalue=&cmdtype=doit&order=Reuse+same+sort+as+last+time&field0-0-0=noop&type0-0-0=noop&value0-0-0=">HTML bug list</a></dd> <dd>To file bugs, use the "submit review comments" feature at the bottom of the window</dd> <dd>To send feedback by e-mail: <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/mailing-list">whatwg@whatwg.org</a></dd> <dd>To view and vote on e-mail feedback: <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/issues/">http://www.whatwg.org/issues/</a></dd> <dt>Editor:</dt> <dd>Ian Hickson, Google, ian@hixie.ch</dd> </dl>© Copyright 2004-2011 Apple Computer, Inc., Mozilla Foundation, and Opera Software ASA. You are granted a license to use, reproduce and create derivative works of this document. </header><hr><h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="contents">Table of contents</h2>  <ol class="toc"><li><a href="introduction.html#introduction">1 Introduction</a> <ol><li><a href="introduction.html#abstract">1.1 Where does this specification fit?</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#is-this-html5?">1.2 Is this HTML5?</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#background">1.3 Background</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#audience">1.4 Audience</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#scope">1.5 Scope</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#history-1">1.6 History</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#design-notes">1.7 Design notes</a> <ol><li><a href="introduction.html#serializability-of-script-execution">1.7.1 Serializability of script execution</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#compliance-with-other-specifications">1.7.2 Compliance with other specifications</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#extensibility">1.7.3 Extensibility</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#html-vs-xhtml">1.8 HTML vs XHTML</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#structure-of-this-specification">1.9 Structure of this specification</a> <ol><li><a href="introduction.html#how-to-read-this-specification">1.9.1 How to read this specification</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#typographic-conventions">1.9.2 Typographic conventions</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#fingerprint">1.10 Privacy concerns</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#a-quick-introduction-to-html">1.11 A quick introduction to HTML</a> <ol><li><a href="introduction.html#writing-secure-applications-with-html">1.11.1 Writing secure applications with HTML</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#common-pitfalls-to-avoid-when-using-the-scripting-apis">1.11.2 Common pitfalls to avoid when using the scripting APIs</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#how-to-catch-mistakes-when-writing-html:-validators-and-conformance-checkers">1.11.3 How to catch mistakes when writing HTML: validators and conformance checkers</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#conformance-requirements-for-authors">1.12 Conformance requirements for authors</a> <ol><li><a href="introduction.html#presentational-markup">1.12.1 Presentational markup</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#syntax-errors">1.12.2 Syntax errors</a></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#restrictions-on-content-models-and-on-attribute-values">1.12.3 Restrictions on content models and on attribute values</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="introduction.html#suggested-reading">1.13 Suggested reading</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="infrastructure.html#infrastructure">2 Common infrastructure</a> <ol><li><a href="infrastructure.html#terminology">2.1 Terminology</a> <ol><li><a href="infrastructure.html#resources">2.1.1 Resources</a></li> <li><a href="infrastructure.html#xml">2.1.2 XML</a></li> <li><a href="infrastructure.html#dom-trees">2.1.3 DOM trees</a></li> <li><a href="infrastructure.html#scripting-0">2.1.4 Scripting</a></li> <li><a href="infrastructure.html#plugins">2.1.5 Plugins</a></li> <li><a href="infrastructure.html#encoding-terminology">2.1.6 Character encodings</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="infrastructure.html#conformance-requirements">2.2 Conformance requirements</a> <ol><li><a href="infrastructure.html#conformance-classes">2.2.1 Conformance classes</a></li> <li><a href="infrastructure.html#dependencies">2.2.2 Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="infrastructure.html#extensibility-0">2.2.3 Extensibility</a></li> <li><a href="infrastructure.html#interactions-with-xpath-and-xslt">2.2.4 Interactions with XPath and XSLT</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitivity-and-string-comparison">2.3 Case-sensitivity and string comparison</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#common-microsyntaxes">2.4 Common microsyntaxes</a> <ol><li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#common-parser-idioms">2.4.1 Common parser idioms</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attributes">2.4.2 Boolean attributes</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#keywords-and-enumerated-attributes">2.4.3 Keywords and enumerated attributes</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#numbers">2.4.4 Numbers</a> <ol><li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#signed-integers">2.4.4.1 Signed integers</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#non-negative-integers">2.4.4.2 Non-negative integers</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#floating-point-numbers">2.4.4.3 Floating-point numbers</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#percentages-and-dimensions">2.4.4.4 Percentages and lengths</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#lists-of-integers">2.4.4.5 Lists of integers</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#lists-of-dimensions">2.4.4.6 Lists of dimensions</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#dates-and-times">2.4.5 Dates and times</a> <ol><li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#months">2.4.5.1 Months</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#dates">2.4.5.2 Dates</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#yearless-dates">2.4.5.3 Yearless dates</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#times">2.4.5.4 Times</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#local-dates-and-times">2.4.5.5 Local dates and times</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#time-zones">2.4.5.6 Time zones</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#global-dates-and-times">2.4.5.7 Global dates and times</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#weeks">2.4.5.8 Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#durations">2.4.5.9 Durations</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#vaguer-moments-in-time">2.4.5.10 Vaguer moments in time</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#colors">2.4.6 Colors</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#space-separated-tokens">2.4.7 Space-separated tokens</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#comma-separated-tokens">2.4.8 Comma-separated tokens</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#syntax-references">2.4.9 References</a></li> <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#mq">2.4.10 Media queries</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="urls.html#urls">2.5 URLs</a> <ol><li><a href="urls.html#terminology-0">2.5.1 Terminology</a></li> <li><a href="urls.html#resolving-urls">2.5.2 Resolving URLs</a></li> <li><a href="urls.html#dynamic-changes-to-base-urls">2.5.3 Dynamic changes to base URLs</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="fetching-resources.html#fetching-resources">2.6 Fetching resources</a> <ol><li><a href="fetching-resources.html#terminology-1">2.6.1 Terminology</a></li> <li><a href="fetching-resources.html#processing-model">2.6.2 Processing model</a></li> <li><a href="fetching-resources.html#encrypted-http-and-related-security-concerns">2.6.3 Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns</a></li> <li><a href="fetching-resources.html#content-type-sniffing">2.6.4 Determining the type of a resource</a></li> <li><a href="fetching-resources.html#extracting-character-encodings-from-meta-elements">2.6.5 Extracting character encodings from <code>meta</code> elements</a></li> <li><a href="fetching-resources.html#cors-settings-attributes">2.6.6 CORS settings attributes</a></li> <li><a href="fetching-resources.html#cors-enabled-fetch">2.6.7 CORS-enabled fetch</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#common-dom-interfaces">2.7 Common DOM interfaces</a> <ol><li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#reflecting-content-attributes-in-idl-attributes">2.7.1 Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes</a></li> <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#collections-0">2.7.2 Collections</a> <ol><li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#htmlallcollection-0">2.7.2.1 HTMLAllCollection</a></li> <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#htmlformcontrolscollection-0">2.7.2.2 HTMLFormControlsCollection</a></li> <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#htmloptionscollection-0">2.7.2.3 HTMLOptionsCollection</a></li> <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#htmlpropertiescollection-0">2.7.2.4 HTMLPropertiesCollection</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#domstringmap-0">2.7.3 DOMStringMap</a></li> <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#domelementmap-0">2.7.4 DOMElementMap</a></li> <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#transferable-objects">2.7.5 Transferable objects</a></li> <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#safe-passing-of-structured-data">2.7.6 Safe passing of structured data</a></li> <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#callbacks">2.7.7 Callbacks</a></li> <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#garbage-collection">2.7.8 Garbage collection</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="namespaces.html#namespaces">2.8 Namespaces</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="dom.html#dom">3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a> <ol><li><a href="dom.html#documents">3.1 Documents</a> <ol><li><a href="dom.html#the-document-object">3.1.1 The <code>Document</code> object</a></li> <li><a href="dom.html#resource-metadata-management">3.1.2 Resource metadata management</a></li> <li><a href="dom.html#dom-tree-accessors">3.1.3 DOM tree accessors</a></li> <li><a href="dom.html#loading-xml-documents">3.1.4 Loading XML documents</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="elements.html#elements">3.2 Elements</a> <ol><li><a href="elements.html#semantics-0">3.2.1 Semantics</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#elements-in-the-dom">3.2.2 Elements in the DOM</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#element-definitions">3.2.3 Element definitions</a> <ol><li><a href="elements.html#attributes">3.2.3.1 Attributes</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="elements.html#content-models">3.2.4 Content models</a> <ol><li><a href="elements.html#kinds-of-content">3.2.4.1 Kinds of content</a> <ol><li><a href="elements.html#metadata-content-0">3.2.4.1.1 Metadata content</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#flow-content-0">3.2.4.1.2 Flow content</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#sectioning-content-0">3.2.4.1.3 Sectioning content</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#heading-content-0">3.2.4.1.4 Heading content</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#phrasing-content-0">3.2.4.1.5 Phrasing content</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#embedded-content-0">3.2.4.1.6 Embedded content</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#interactive-content-0">3.2.4.1.7 Interactive content</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#palpable-content-0">3.2.4.1.8 Palpable content</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#script-supporting-elements-0">3.2.4.1.9 Script-supporting elements</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="elements.html#transparent-content-models">3.2.4.2 Transparent content models</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#paragraphs">3.2.4.3 Paragraphs</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">3.2.5 Global attributes</a> <ol><li><a href="elements.html#the-id-attribute">3.2.5.1 The <code>id</code> attribute</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute">3.2.5.2 The <code title="attr-title">title</code> attribute</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes">3.2.5.3 The <code title="attr-lang">lang</code> and <code title="attr-xml-lang">xml:lang</code> attributes</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#the-translate-attribute">3.2.5.4 The <code title="attr-translate">translate</code> attribute</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)">3.2.5.5 The <code>xml:base</code> attribute (XML only)</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#the-dir-attribute">3.2.5.6 The <code>dir</code> attribute</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#classes">3.2.5.7 The <code>class</code> attribute</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#the-style-attribute">3.2.5.8 The <code>style</code> attribute</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#embedding-custom-non-visible-data-with-the-data-*-attributes">3.2.5.9 Embedding custom non-visible data with the <code title="attr-data-*">data-*</code> attributes</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="elements.html#requirements-relating-to-the-bidirectional-algorithm">3.2.6 Requirements relating to the bidirectional algorithm</a> <ol><li><a href="elements.html#authoring-conformance-criteria-for-bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-characters">3.2.6.1 Authoring conformance criteria for bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters</a></li> <li><a href="elements.html#user-agent-conformance-criteria">3.2.6.2 User agent conformance criteria</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="elements.html#wai-aria">3.2.7 WAI-ARIA</a></li></ol></li></ol></li> <li><a href="semantics.html#semantics">4 The elements of HTML</a> <ol><li><a href="semantics.html#the-root-element">4.1 The root element</a> <ol><li><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">4.1.1 The <code>html</code> element</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="semantics.html#document-metadata">4.2 Document metadata</a> <ol><li><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">4.2.1 The <code>head</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="semantics.html#the-title-element">4.2.2 The <code>title</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="semantics.html#the-base-element">4.2.3 The <code>base</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="semantics.html#the-link-element">4.2.4 The <code>link</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="semantics.html#the-meta-element">4.2.5 The <code>meta</code> element</a> <ol><li><a href="semantics.html#standard-metadata-names">4.2.5.1 Standard metadata names</a></li> <li><a href="semantics.html#other-metadata-names">4.2.5.2 Other metadata names</a></li> <li><a href="semantics.html#pragma-directives">4.2.5.3 Pragma directives</a></li> <li><a href="semantics.html#other-pragma-directives">4.2.5.4 Other pragma directives</a></li> <li><a href="semantics.html#charset">4.2.5.5 Specifying the document's character encoding</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="semantics.html#the-style-element">4.2.6 The <code>style</code> element</a> <ol><li><a href="semantics.html#the-@global-rule">4.2.6.1 The <code title="">@global</code> rule</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="semantics.html#interactions-of-styling-and-scripting">4.2.7 Interactions of styling and scripting</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="sections.html#sections">4.3 Sections</a> <ol><li><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">4.3.1 The <code>body</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="sections.html#the-article-element">4.3.2 The <code>article</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="sections.html#the-section-element">4.3.3 The <code>section</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="sections.html#the-nav-element">4.3.4 The <code>nav</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="sections.html#the-aside-element">4.3.5 The <code>aside</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="sections.html#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements">4.3.6 The <code>h1</code>, <code>h2</code>, <code>h3</code>, <code>h4</code>, <code>h5</code>, and <code>h6</code> elements</a></li> <li><a href="sections.html#the-hgroup-element">4.3.7 The <code>hgroup</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="sections.html#the-header-element">4.3.8 The <code>header</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="sections.html#the-footer-element">4.3.9 The <code>footer</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="sections.html#the-address-element">4.3.10 The <code>address</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="sections.html#headings-and-sections">4.3.11 Headings and sections</a> <ol><li><a href="sections.html#outlines">4.3.11.1 Creating an outline</a></li> <li><a href="sections.html#sample-outlines">4.3.11.2 Sample outlines</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="sections.html#usage-summary-0">4.3.12 Usage summary</a> <ol><li><a href="sections.html#article-or-section">4.3.12.1 Article or section?</a></li></ol></li></ol></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#grouping-content">4.4 Grouping content</a> <ol><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-p-element">4.4.1 The <code>p</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-hr-element">4.4.2 The <code>hr</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-pre-element">4.4.3 The <code>pre</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-blockquote-element">4.4.4 The <code>blockquote</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-ol-element">4.4.5 The <code>ol</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-ul-element">4.4.6 The <code>ul</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-li-element">4.4.7 The <code>li</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-dl-element">4.4.8 The <code>dl</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-dt-element">4.4.9 The <code>dt</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-dd-element">4.4.10 The <code>dd</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-figure-element">4.4.11 The <code>figure</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-figcaption-element">4.4.12 The <code>figcaption</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-main-element">4.4.13 The <code>main</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-div-element">4.4.14 The <code>div</code> element</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#text-level-semantics">4.5 Text-level semantics</a> <ol><li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">4.5.1 The <code>a</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-em-element">4.5.2 The <code>em</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-strong-element">4.5.3 The <code>strong</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element">4.5.4 The <code>small</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-s-element">4.5.5 The <code>s</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-cite-element">4.5.6 The <code>cite</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-q-element">4.5.7 The <code>q</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element">4.5.8 The <code>dfn</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-abbr-element">4.5.9 The <code>abbr</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-data-element">4.5.10 The <code>data</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-time-element">4.5.11 The <code>time</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-code-element">4.5.12 The <code>code</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-var-element">4.5.13 The <code>var</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-samp-element">4.5.14 The <code>samp</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-kbd-element">4.5.15 The <code>kbd</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-sub-and-sup-elements">4.5.16 The <code>sub</code> and <code>sup</code> elements</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">4.5.17 The <code>i</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">4.5.18 The <code>b</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-u-element">4.5.19 The <code>u</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-mark-element">4.5.20 The <code>mark</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element">4.5.21 The <code>ruby</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">4.5.22 The <code>rt</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">4.5.23 The <code>rp</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-bdi-element">4.5.24 The <code>bdi</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-bdo-element">4.5.25 The <code>bdo</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-span-element">4.5.26 The <code>span</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-br-element">4.5.27 The <code>br</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-wbr-element">4.5.28 The <code>wbr</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#usage-summary">4.5.29 Usage summary</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="edits.html#edits">4.6 Edits</a> <ol><li><a href="edits.html#the-ins-element">4.6.1 The <code>ins</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="edits.html#the-del-element">4.6.2 The <code>del</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="edits.html#attributes-common-to-ins-and-del-elements">4.6.3 Attributes common to <code>ins</code> and <code>del</code> elements</a></li> <li><a href="edits.html#edits-and-paragraphs">4.6.4 Edits and paragraphs</a></li> <li><a href="edits.html#edits-and-lists">4.6.5 Edits and lists</a></li> <li><a href="edits.html#edits-and-tables">4.6.6 Edits and tables</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#embedded-content-1">4.7 Embedded content</a> <ol><li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element">4.7.1 The <code>img</code> element</a> <ol><li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#alt">4.7.1.1 Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images</a> <ol><li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#general-guidelines">4.7.1.1.1 General guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-link-or-button-containing-nothing-but-the-image">4.7.1.1.2 A link or button containing nothing but the image</a></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-phrase-or-paragraph-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-charts,-diagrams,-graphs,-maps,-illustrations">4.7.1.1.3 A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations</a></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-short-phrase-or-label-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-icons,-logos">4.7.1.1.4 A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos</a></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#text-that-has-been-rendered-to-a-graphic-for-typographical-effect">4.7.1.1.5 Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect</a></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-graphical-representation-of-some-of-the-surrounding-text">4.7.1.1.6 A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text</a></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-purely-decorative-image-that-doesn't-add-any-information">4.7.1.1.7 A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information</a></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-no-links">4.7.1.1.8 A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links</a></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-links">4.7.1.1.9 A group of images that form a single larger picture with links</a></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-key-part-of-the-content">4.7.1.1.10 A key part of the content</a></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#an-image-not-intended-for-the-user">4.7.1.1.11 An image not intended for the user</a></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#an-image-in-an-e-mail-or-private-document-intended-for-a-specific-person-who-is-known-to-be-able-to-view-images">4.7.1.1.12 An image in an e-mail or private document intended for a specific person who is known to be able to view images</a></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#guidance-for-markup-generators">4.7.1.1.13 Guidance for markup generators</a></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#guidance-for-conformance-checkers">4.7.1.1.14 Guidance for conformance checkers</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#adaptive-images">4.7.1.2 Adaptive images</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-iframe-element">4.7.2 The <code>iframe</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-embed-element">4.7.3 The <code>embed</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-object-element">4.7.4 The <code>object</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-param-element">4.7.5 The <code>param</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#the-video-element">4.7.6 The <code>video</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#the-audio-element">4.7.7 The <code>audio</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#the-source-element">4.7.8 The <code>source</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#the-track-element">4.7.9 The <code>track</code> element</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#media-elements">4.7.10 Media elements</a> <ol><li><a href="the-video-element.html#error-codes">4.7.10.1 Error codes</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#location-of-the-media-resource">4.7.10.2 Location of the media resource</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#mime-types">4.7.10.3 MIME types</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#network-states">4.7.10.4 Network states</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#loading-the-media-resource">4.7.10.5 Loading the media resource</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#offsets-into-the-media-resource">4.7.10.6 Offsets into the media resource</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#ready-states">4.7.10.7 Ready states</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#playing-the-media-resource">4.7.10.8 Playing the media resource</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#seeking">4.7.10.9 Seeking</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#media-resources-with-multiple-media-tracks">4.7.10.10 Media resources with multiple media tracks</a> <ol><li><a href="the-video-element.html#audiotracklist-and-videotracklist-objects">4.7.10.10.1 <code>AudioTrackList</code> and <code>VideoTrackList</code> objects</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#selecting-specific-audio-and-video-tracks-declaratively">4.7.10.10.2 Selecting specific audio and video tracks declaratively</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#synchronising-multiple-media-elements">4.7.10.11 Synchronising multiple media elements</a> <ol><li><a href="the-video-element.html#introduction-0">4.7.10.11.1 Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#media-controllers">4.7.10.11.2 Media controllers</a></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#assigning-a-media-controller-declaratively">4.7.10.11.3 Assigning a media controller declaratively</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="the-video-element.html#timed-text-tracks">4.7.10.12 Timed text tracks</a> <ol><li><a href="the-video-element.html#text-track-model">4.7.10.12.1 Text track model</a>