tea-test-dao

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.hide-for-print{display:none!important} .show-for-print{display:inherit!important}} @media amzn-kf8,print{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem} .sect1{padding:0!important} .sect1+.sect1{border:0} #footer{background:none} #footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}} @media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}} </style> </head> <body class="manpage"> <div id="header"> <h1>gitprotocol-v2(5) Manual Page</h1> <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gitprotocol-v2 - Git Wire Protocol, Version 2</p> </div> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="verseblock"> <pre class="content"><over-the-wire-protocol></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This document presents a specification for a version 2 of Git’s wire protocol. Protocol v2 will improve upon v1 in the following ways:</p> </div> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p>Instead of multiple service names, multiple commands will be supported by a single service</p> </li> <li> <p>Easily extendable as capabilities are moved into their own section of the protocol, no longer being hidden behind a NUL byte and limited by the size of a pkt-line</p> </li> <li> <p>Separate out other information hidden behind NUL bytes (e.g. agent string as a capability and symrefs can be requested using <em>ls-refs</em>)</p> </li> <li> <p>Reference advertisement will be omitted unless explicitly requested</p> </li> <li> <p>ls-refs command to explicitly request some refs</p> </li> <li> <p>Designed with http and stateless-rpc in mind. With clear flush semantics the http remote helper can simply act as a proxy</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>In protocol v2 communication is command oriented. When first contacting a server a list of capabilities will be advertised. Some of these capabilities will be commands which a client can request be executed. Once a command has completed, a client can reuse the connection and request that other commands be executed.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_packet_line_framing">Packet-Line Framing</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>All communication is done using packet-line framing, just as in v1. See <a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a> and <a href="gitprotocol-common.html">gitprotocol-common(5)</a> for more information.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>In protocol v2 these special packets will have the following semantics:</p> </div> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p><em>0000</em> Flush Packet (flush-pkt) - indicates the end of a message</p> </li> <li> <p><em>0001</em> Delimiter Packet (delim-pkt) - separates sections of a message</p> </li> <li> <p><em>0002</em> Response End Packet (response-end-pkt) - indicates the end of a response for stateless connections</p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_initial_client_request">Initial Client Request</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>In general a client can request to speak protocol v2 by sending <code>version=2</code> through the respective side-channel for the transport being used which inevitably sets <code>GIT_PROTOCOL</code>. More information can be found in <a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a> and <a href="gitprotocol-http.html">gitprotocol-http(5)</a>, as well as the <code>GIT_PROTOCOL</code> definition in <code>git.txt</code>. In all cases the response from the server is the capability advertisement.</p> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_git_transport">Git Transport</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>When using the git:// transport, you can request to use protocol v2 by sending "version=2" as an extra parameter:</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>003egit-upload-pack /project.git\0host=myserver.com\0\0version=2\0</pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_ssh_and_file_transport">SSH and File Transport</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>When using either the ssh:// or file:// transport, the GIT_PROTOCOL environment variable must be set explicitly to include "version=2". The server may need to be configured to allow this environment variable to pass.</p> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_http_transport">HTTP Transport</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>When using the http:// or https:// transport a client makes a "smart" info/refs request as described in <a href="gitprotocol-http.html">gitprotocol-http(5)</a> and requests that v2 be used by supplying "version=2" in the <code>Git-Protocol</code> header.</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0 C: Git-Protocol: version=2</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>A v2 server would reply:</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>S: 200 OK S: <Some headers> S: ... S: S: 000eversion 2\n S: <capability-advertisement></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Subsequent requests are then made directly to the service <code>$GIT_URL/git-upload-pack</code>. (This works the same for git-receive-pack).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Uses the <code>--http-backend-info-refs</code> option to <a href="git-upload-pack.html">git-upload-pack(1)</a>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The server may need to be configured to pass this header’s contents via the <code>GIT_PROTOCOL</code> variable. See the discussion in <code>git-http-backend.txt</code>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_capability_advertisement">Capability Advertisement</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>A server which decides to communicate (based on a request from a client) using protocol version 2, notifies the client by sending a version string in its initial response followed by an advertisement of its capabilities. Each capability is a key with an optional value. Clients must ignore all unknown keys. Semantics of unknown values are left to the definition of each key. Some capabilities will describe commands which can be requested to be executed by the client.</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>capability-advertisement = protocol-version capability-list flush-pkt</pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>protocol-version = PKT-LINE("version 2" LF) capability-list = *capability capability = PKT-LINE(key[=value] LF)</pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>key = 1*(ALPHA | DIGIT | "-_") value = 1*(ALPHA | DIGIT | " -_.,?\/{}[]()<>!@#$%^&*+=:;")</pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_command_request">Command Request</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>After receiving the capability advertisement, a client can then issue a request to select the command it wants with any particular capabilities or arguments. There is then an optional section where the client can provide any command specific parameters or queries. Only a single command can be requested at a time.</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>request = empty-request | command-request empty-request = flush-pkt command-request = command capability-list delim-pkt command-args flush-pkt command = PKT-LINE("command=" key LF) command-args = *command-specific-arg</pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>command-specific-args are packet line framed arguments defined by each individual command.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The server will then check to ensure that the client’s request is comprised of a valid command as well as valid capabilities which were advertised. If the request is valid the server will then execute the command. A server MUST wait till it has received the client’s entire request before issuing a response. The format of the response is determined by the command being executed, but in all cases a flush-pkt indicates the end of the response.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>When a command has finished, and the client has received the entire response from the server, a client can either request that another command be executed or can terminate the connection. A client may optionally send an empty request consisting of just a flush-pkt to indicate that no more requests will be made.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_capabilities">Capabilities</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>There are two different types of capabilities: normal capabilities, which can be used to convey information or alter the behavior of a request, and commands, which are the core actions that a client wants to perform (fetch, push, etc).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Protocol version 2 is stateless by default. This means that all commands must only last a single round and be stateless from the perspective of the server side, unless the client has requested a capability indicating that state should be maintained by the server. Clients MUST NOT require state management on the server side in order to function correctly. This permits simple round-robin load-balancing on the server side, without needing to worry about state management.</p> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_agent">agent</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The server can advertise the <code>agent</code> capability with a value <code>X</code> (in the form <code>agent=X</code>) to notify the client that the server is running version <code>X</code>. The client may optionally send its own agent string by including the <code>agent</code> capability with a value <code>Y</code> (in the form <code>agent=Y</code>) in its request to the server (but it MUST NOT do so if the server did not advertise the agent capability). The <code>X</code> and <code>Y</code> strings may contain any printable ASCII characters except space (i.e., the byte range 32 < x < 127), and are typically of the form "package/version" (e.g., "git/1.8.3.1"). The agent strings are purely informative for statistics and debugging purposes, and MUST NOT be used to programmatically assume the presence or absence of particular features.</p> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_ls_refs">ls-refs</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p><code>ls-refs</code> is the command used to request a reference advertisement in v2. Unlike the current reference advertisement, ls-refs takes in arguments which can be used to limit the refs sent from the server.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Additional features not supported in the base command will be advertised as the value of the command in the capability advertisement in the form of a space separated list of features: "<command>=<feature-1> <feature-2>"</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>ls-refs takes in the following arguments:</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> symrefs In addition to the object pointed by it, show the underlying ref pointed by it when showing a symbolic ref. peel Show peeled tags. ref-prefix <prefix> When specified, only references having a prefix matching one of the provided prefixes are displayed. Multiple instances may be given, in which case references matching any prefix will be shown. Note that this is purely for optimization; a server MAY show refs not matching the prefix if it chooses, and clients should filter the result themselves.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the <em>unborn</em> feature is advertised the following argument can be included in the client’s request.</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> unborn The server will send information about HEAD even if it is a symref pointing to an unborn branch in the form "unborn HEAD symref-target:<target>".</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The output of ls-refs is as follows:</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>output = *ref flush-pkt obj-id-or-unborn = (obj-id | "unborn") ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id-or-unborn SP refname *(SP ref-attribute) LF) ref-attribute = (symref | peeled) symref = "symref-target:" symref-target peeled = "peeled:" obj-id</pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_fetch">fetch</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p><code>fetch</code> is the command used to fetch a packfile in v2. It can be looked at as a modified version of the v1 fetch where the ref-advertisement is stripped out (since the <code>ls-refs</code> command fills that role) and the message format is tweaked to eliminate redundancies and permit easy addition of future extensions.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Additional features not supported in the base command will be advertised as the value of the command in the capability advertisement in the form of a space separated list of features: "<command>=<feature-1> <feature-2>"</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>A <code>fetch</code> request can take the following arguments:</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> want <oid> Indicates to the server an object which the client wants to retrieve. Wants can be anything and are not limited to advertised objects.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> have <oid> Indicates to the server an object which the client has locally. This allows the server to make a packfile which only contains the objects that the client needs. Multiple 'have' lines can be supplied.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> done Indicates to the server that negotiation should terminate (or not even begin if performing a clone) and that the server should use the information supplied in the request to construct the packfile.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> thin-pack Request that a thin pack be sent, which is a pack with deltas which reference base objects not contained within the pack (but are known to exist at the receiving end). This can reduce the network traffic significantly, but it requires the receiving end to know how to "thicken" these packs by adding the missing bases to the pack.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> no-progress Request that progress information that would normally be sent on side-band channel 2, during the packfile transfer, should not be sent. However, the side-band channel 3 is still used for error responses.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> include-tag Request that annotated tags should be sent if the objects they point to are being sent.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> ofs-delta Indicate that the client understands PACKv2 with delta referring to its base by position in pack rather than by an oid. That is, they can read OBJ_OFS_DELTA (aka type 6) in a packfile.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the <em>shallow</em> feature is advertised the following arguments can be included in the clients request as well as the potential addition of the <em>shallow-info</em> section in the server’s response as explained below.</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> shallow <oid> A client must notify the server of all commits for which it only has shallow copies (meaning that it doesn't have the parents of a commit) by supplying a 'shallow <oid>' line for each such object so that the server is aware of the limitations of the client's history. This is so that the server is aware that the client may not have all objects reachable from such commits.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> deepen <depth> Requests that the fetch/clone should be shallow having a commit depth of <depth> relative to the remote side.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> deepen-relative Requests that the semantics of the "deepen" command be changed to indicate that the depth requested is relative to the client's current shallow boundary, instead of relative to the requested commits.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> deepen-since <timestamp> Requests that the shallow clone/fetch should be cut at a specific time, instead of depth. Internally it's equivalent to doing "git rev-list --max-age=<timestamp>". Cannot be used with "deepen".</pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> deepen-not <rev> Requests that the shallow clone/fetch should be cut at a specific revision specified by '<rev>', instead of a depth. Internally it's equivalent of doing "git rev-list --not <rev>". Cannot be used with "deepen", but can be used with "deepen-since".</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the <em>filter</em> feature is advertised, the following argument can be included in the client’s request:</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> filter <filter-spec> Request that various objects from the packfile be omitted using one of several filtering techniques. These are intended for use with partial clone and partial fetch operations. See `rev-list` for possible "filter-spec" values. When communicating with other processes, senders SHOULD translate scaled integers (e.g. "1k") into a fully-expanded form (e.g. "1024") to aid interoperability with older receivers that may not understand newly-invented scaling suffixes. However, receivers SHOULD accept the following suffixes: 'k', 'm', and 'g' for 1024, 1048576, and 1073741824, respectively.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the <em>ref-in-want</em> feature is advertised, the following argument can be included in the client’s request as well as the potential addition of the <em>wanted-refs</em> section in the server’s response as explained below.</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> want-ref <ref> Indicates to the server that the client wants to retrieve a particular ref, where <ref> is the full name of a ref on the server.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the <em>sideband-all</em> feature is advertised, the following argument can be included in the client’s request:</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> sideband-all Instruct the server to send the whole response multiplexed, not just the packfile section. All non-flush and non-delim PKT-LINE in the response (not only in the packfile section) will then start with a byte indicating its sideband (1, 2, or 3), and the server may send "0005\2" (a PKT-LINE of sideband 2 with no payload) as a keepalive packet.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the <em>packfile-uris</em> feature is advertised, the following argument can be included in the client’s request as well as the potential addition of the <em>packfile-uris</em> section in the server’s response as explained below.</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> packfile-uris <comma-separated-list-of-protocols> Indicates to the server that the client is willing to receive URIs of any of the given protocols in place of objects in the sent packfile. Before performing the connectivity check, the client should download from all given URIs. Currently, the protocols supported are "http" and "https".</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the <em>wait