tea-test-dao

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h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{page-break-after:avoid} #header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{max-width:none} #toc,.sidebarblock,.exampleblock>.content{background:none!important} #toc{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf!important;padding-bottom:0!important} body.book #header{text-align:center} body.book #header>h1:first-child{border:0!important;margin:2.5em 0 1em} body.book #header .details{border:0!important;display:block;padding:0!important} body.book #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:0!important} body.book #header .details br{display:block} body.book #header .details br+span::before{content:none!important} body.book #toc{border:0!important;text-align:left!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important} body.book #toc,body.book #preamble,body.book h1.sect0,body.book .sect1>h2{page-break-before:always} .listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:block} #footer{padding:0 .9375em} .hide-on-print{display:none!important} .print-only{display:block!important} .hide-for-print{display:none!important} .show-for-print{display:inherit!important}} @media amzn-kf8,print{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem} .sect1{padding:0!important} .sect1+.sect1{border:0} #footer{background:none} #footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}} @media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}} </style> </head> <body class="manpage"> <div id="header"> <h1>git-show(1) Manual Page</h1> <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-show - Show various types of objects</p> </div> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="verseblock"> <pre class="content"><em>git show</em> [<options>] [<object>…]</pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Shows one or more objects (blobs, trees, tags and commits).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>For commits it shows the log message and textual diff. It also presents the merge commit in a special format as produced by <em>git diff-tree --cc</em>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>For tags, it shows the tag message and the referenced objects.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>For trees, it shows the names (equivalent to <em>git ls-tree</em> with --name-only).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>For plain blobs, it shows the plain contents.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Some options that <em>git log</em> command understands can be used to control how the changes the commit introduces are shown.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1"><object>…</dt> <dd> <p>The names of objects to show (defaults to <em>HEAD</em>). For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--pretty[=<format>]</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--format=<format></dt> <dd> <p>Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format, where <em><format></em> can be one of <em>oneline</em>, <em>short</em>, <em>medium</em>, <em>full</em>, <em>fuller</em>, <em>reference</em>, <em>email</em>, <em>raw</em>, <em>format:<string></em> and <em>tformat:<string></em>. When <em><format></em> is none of the above, and has <em>%placeholder</em> in it, it acts as if <em>--pretty=tformat:<format></em> were given.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each format. When <em>=<format></em> part is omitted, it defaults to <em>medium</em>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--abbrev-commit</dt> <dd> <p>Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object name, show a prefix that names the object uniquely. "--abbrev=<n>" (which also modifies diff output, if it is displayed) option can be used to specify the minimum length of the prefix.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for people using 80-column terminals.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-abbrev-commit</dt> <dd> <p>Show the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object name. This negates <code>--abbrev-commit</code>, either explicit or implied by other options such as "--oneline". It also overrides the <code>log.abbrevCommit</code> variable.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--oneline</dt> <dd> <p>This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit" used together.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--encoding=<encoding></dt> <dd> <p>Commit objects record the character encoding used for the log message in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding preferred by the user. For non plumbing commands this defaults to UTF-8. Note that if an object claims to be encoded in <code>X</code> and we are outputting in <code>X</code>, we will output the object verbatim; this means that invalid sequences in the original commit may be copied to the output. Likewise, if iconv(3) fails to convert the commit, we will quietly output the original object verbatim.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--expand-tabs=<n></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--expand-tabs</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-expand-tabs</dt> <dd> <p>Perform a tab expansion (replace each tab with enough spaces to fill to the next display column that is a multiple of <em><n></em>) in the log message before showing it in the output. <code>--expand-tabs</code> is a short-hand for <code>--expand-tabs=8</code>, and <code>--no-expand-tabs</code> is a short-hand for <code>--expand-tabs=0</code>, which disables tab expansion.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>By default, tabs are expanded in pretty formats that indent the log message by 4 spaces (i.e. <em>medium</em>, which is the default, <em>full</em>, and <em>fuller</em>).</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--notes[=<ref>]</dt> <dd> <p>Show the notes (see <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>) that annotate the commit, when showing the commit log message. This is the default for <code>git log</code>, <code>git show</code> and <code>git whatchanged</code> commands when there is no <code>--pretty</code>, <code>--format</code>, or <code>--oneline</code> option given on the command line.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>By default, the notes shown are from the notes refs listed in the <code>core.notesRef</code> and <code>notes.displayRef</code> variables (or corresponding environment overrides). See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for more details.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>With an optional <em><ref></em> argument, use the ref to find the notes to display. The ref can specify the full refname when it begins with <code>refs/notes/</code>; when it begins with <code>notes/</code>, <code>refs/</code> and otherwise <code>refs/notes/</code> is prefixed to form the full name of the ref.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Multiple --notes options can be combined to control which notes are being displayed. Examples: "--notes=foo" will show only notes from "refs/notes/foo"; "--notes=foo --notes" will show both notes from "refs/notes/foo" and from the default notes ref(s).</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-notes</dt> <dd> <p>Do not show notes. This negates the above <code>--notes</code> option, by resetting the list of notes refs from which notes are shown. Options are parsed in the order given on the command line, so e.g. "--notes --notes=foo --no-notes --notes=bar" will only show notes from "refs/notes/bar".</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--show-notes-by-default</dt> <dd> <p>Show the default notes unless options for displaying specific notes are given.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--show-notes[=<ref>]</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]standard-notes</dt> <dd> <p>These options are deprecated. Use the above --notes/--no-notes options instead.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--show-signature</dt> <dd> <p>Check the validity of a signed commit object by passing the signature to <code>gpg --verify</code> and show the output.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_pretty_formats">PRETTY FORMATS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format is not <em>oneline</em>, <em>email</em> or <em>raw</em>, an additional line is inserted before the <em>Author:</em> line. This line begins with "Merge: " and the hashes of ancestral commits are printed, separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not necessarily be the list of the <strong>direct</strong> parent commits if you have limited your view of history: for example, if you are only interested in changes related to a certain directory or file.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>There are several built-in formats, and you can define additional formats by setting a pretty.<name> config option to either another format name, or a <em>format:</em> string, as described below (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). Here are the details of the built-in formats:</p> </div> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p><em>oneline</em></p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><hash> <title-line></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p> </div> </li> <li> <p><em>short</em></p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>commit <hash> Author: <author></pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><title-line></pre> </div> </div> </li> <li> <p><em>medium</em></p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>commit <hash> Author: <author> Date: <author-date></pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><title-line></pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><full-commit-message></pre> </div> </div> </li> <li> <p><em>full</em></p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>commit <hash> Author: <author> Commit: <committer></pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><title-line></pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><full-commit-message></pre> </div> </div> </li> <li> <p><em>fuller</em></p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>commit <hash> Author: <author> AuthorDate: <author-date> Commit: <committer> CommitDate: <committer-date></pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><title-line></pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><full-commit-message></pre> </div> </div> </li> <li> <p><em>reference</em></p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><abbrev-hash> (<title-line>, <short-author-date>)</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This format is used to refer to another commit in a commit message and is the same as <code>--pretty='format:%C(auto)%h (%s, %ad)'</code>. By default, the date is formatted with <code>--date=short</code> unless another <code>--date</code> option is explicitly specified. As with any <code>format:</code> with format placeholders, its output is not affected by other options like <code>--decorate</code> and <code>--walk-reflogs</code>.</p> </div> </li> <li> <p><em>email</em></p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>From <hash> <date> From: <author> Date: <author-date> Subject: [PATCH] <title-line></pre> </div> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><full-commit-message></pre> </div> </div> </li> <li> <p><em>mboxrd</em></p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Like <em>email</em>, but lines in the commit message starting with "From " (preceded by zero or more ">") are quoted with ">" so they aren’t confused as starting a new commit.</p> </div> </li> <li> <p><em>raw</em></p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The <em>raw</em> format shows the entire commit exactly as stored in the commit object. Notably, the hashes are displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or --no-abbrev are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the true parent commits, without taking grafts or history simplification into account. Note that this format affects the way commits are displayed, but not the way the diff is shown e.g. with <code>git log --raw</code>. To get full object names in a raw diff format, use <code>--no-abbrev</code>.</p> </div> </li> <li> <p><em>format:<format-string></em></p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The <em>format:<format-string></em> format allows you to specify which information you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format, with the notable exception that you get a newline with <em>%n</em> instead of <em>\n</em>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was >>%s<<%n"</em> would show something like this:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The placeholders are:</p> </div> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p>Placeholders that expand to a single literal character:</p> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%n</em></dt> <dd> <p>newline</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%%</em></dt> <dd> <p>a raw <em>%</em></p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%x00</em></dt> <dd> <p><em>%x</em> followed by two hexadecimal digits is replaced with a byte with the hexadecimal digits' value (we will call this "literal formatting code" in the rest of this document).</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </li> <li> <p>Placeholders that affect formatting of later placeholders:</p> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%Cred</em></dt> <dd> <p>switch color to red</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%Cgreen</em></dt> <dd> <p>switch color to green</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%Cblue</em></dt> <dd> <p>switch color to blue</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%Creset</em></dt> <dd> <p>reset color</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%C(…)</em></dt> <dd> <p>color specification, as described under Values in the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. By default, colors are shown only when enabled for log output (by <code>color.diff</code>, <code>color.ui</code>, or <code>--color</code>, and respecting the <code>auto</code> settings of the former if we are going to a terminal). <code>%C(auto,...)</code> is accepted as a historical synonym for the default (e.g., <code>%C(auto,red)</code>). Specifying <code>%C(always,...)</code> will show the colors even when color is not otherwise enabled (though consider just using <code>--color=always</code> to enable color for the whole output, including this format and anything else git might color). <code>auto</code> alone (i.e. <code>%C(auto)</code>) will turn on auto coloring on the next placeholders until the color is switched again.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%m</em></dt> <dd> <p>left (<code><</code>), right (<code>></code>) or boundary (<code>-</code>) mark</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])</em></dt> <dd> <p>switch line wrapping, like the -w option of <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%<( <N> [,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])</em></dt> <dd> <p>make the next placeholder take at least N column widths, padding spaces on the right if necessary. Optionally truncate (with ellipsis <em>..</em>) at the left (ltrunc) <code>..ft</code>, the middle (mtrunc) <code>mi..le</code>, or the end (trunc) <code>rig..</code>, if the output is longer than N columns. Note 1: that truncating only works correctly with N >= 2. Note 2: spaces around the N and M (see below) values are optional. Note 3: Emojis and other wide characters will take two display columns, which may over-run column boundaries. Note 4: decomposed character combining marks may be misplaced at padding boundaries.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%<|( <M> )</em></dt> <dd> <p>make the next placeholder take at least until Mth display column, padding spaces on the right if necessary. Use negative M values for column positions measured from the right hand edge of the terminal window.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%>( <N> )</em>, <em>%>|( <M> )</em></dt> <dd> <p>similar to <em>%<( <N> )</em>, <em>%<|( <M> )</em> respectively, but padding spaces on the left</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%>>( <N> )</em>, <em>%>>|( <M> )</em></dt> <dd> <p>similar to <em>%>( <N> )</em>, <em>%>|( <M> )</em> respectively, except that if the next placeholder takes more spaces than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%><( <N> )</em>, <em>%><|( <M> )</em></dt> <dd> <p>similar to <em>%<( <N> )</em>, <em>%<|( <M> )</em> respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </li> <li> <p>Placeholders that expand to information extracted from the commit:</p> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%H</em></dt> <dd> <p>commit hash</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%h</em></dt> <dd> <p>abbreviated commit hash</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%T</em></dt> <dd> <p>tree hash</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%t</em></dt> <dd> <p>abbreviated tree hash</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%P</em></dt> <dd> <p>parent hashes</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%p</em></dt> <dd> <p>abbreviated parent hashes</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%an</em></dt> <dd> <p>author name</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%aN</em></dt> <dd> <p>author name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%ae</em></dt> <dd> <p>author email</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%aE</em></dt> <dd> <p>author email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%al</em></dt> <dd> <p>author email local-part (the part before the <em>@</em> sign)</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%aL</em></dt> <dd> <p>author local-part (see <em>%al</em>) respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%ad</em></dt> <dd> <p>author date (format respects --date= option)</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%aD</em></dt> <dd> <p>author date, RFC2822 style</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%ar</em></dt> <dd> <p>author date, relative</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%at</em></dt> <dd> <p>author date, UNIX timestamp</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%ai</em></dt> <dd> <p>author date, ISO 8601-like format</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%aI</em></dt> <dd> <p>author date, strict ISO 8601 format</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%as</em></dt> <dd> <p>author date, short format (<code>YYYY-MM-DD</code>)</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%ah</em></dt> <dd> <p>author date, human style (like the <code>--date=human</code> option of <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a>)</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%cn</em></dt> <dd> <p>committer name</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%cN</em></dt> <dd> <p>committer name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%ce</em></dt> <dd> <p>committer email</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%cE</em></dt> <dd> <p>committer email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%cl</em></dt> <dd> <p>committer email local-part (the part before the <em>@</em> sign)</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><em>%cL</em></dt> <dd> <p>committer local-part (see <em>%cl</em>) respecting .mailmap, see