tea-test-dao

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h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{page-break-after:avoid} #header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{max-width:none} #toc,.sidebarblock,.exampleblock>.content{background:none!important} #toc{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf!important;padding-bottom:0!important} body.book #header{text-align:center} body.book #header>h1:first-child{border:0!important;margin:2.5em 0 1em} body.book #header .details{border:0!important;display:block;padding:0!important} body.book #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:0!important} body.book #header .details br{display:block} body.book #header .details br+span::before{content:none!important} body.book #toc{border:0!important;text-align:left!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important} body.book #toc,body.book #preamble,body.book h1.sect0,body.book .sect1>h2{page-break-before:always} .listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:block} #footer{padding:0 .9375em} .hide-on-print{display:none!important} .print-only{display:block!important} .hide-for-print{display:none!important} .show-for-print{display:inherit!important}} @media amzn-kf8,print{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem} .sect1{padding:0!important} .sect1+.sect1{border:0} #footer{background:none} #footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}} @media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}} </style> </head> <body class="manpage"> <div id="header"> <h1>git-rev-list(1) Manual Page</h1> <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-rev-list - Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order</p> </div> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="verseblock"> <pre class="content"><em>git rev-list</em> [<options>] <commit>… [--] [<path>…]</pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>List commits that are reachable by following the <code>parent</code> links from the given commit(s), but exclude commits that are reachable from the one(s) given with a <em>^</em> in front of them. The output is given in reverse chronological order by default.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You can think of this as a set operation. Commits reachable from any of the commits given on the command line form a set, and then commits reachable from any of the ones given with <em>^</em> in front are subtracted from that set. The remaining commits are what comes out in the command’s output. Various other options and paths parameters can be used to further limit the result.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Thus, the following command:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>$ git rev-list foo bar ^baz</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>means "list all the commits which are reachable from <em>foo</em> or <em>bar</em>, but not from <em>baz</em>".</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>A special notation "<em><commit1></em>..<em><commit2></em>" can be used as a short-hand for "^<em><commit1></em> <em><commit2></em>". For example, either of the following may be used interchangeably:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>$ git rev-list origin..HEAD $ git rev-list HEAD ^origin</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Another special notation is "<em><commit1></em>…<em><commit2></em>" which is useful for merges. The resulting set of commits is the symmetric difference between the two operands. The following two commands are equivalent:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>$ git rev-list A B --not $(git merge-base --all A B) $ git rev-list A...B</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p><em>rev-list</em> is an essential Git command, since it provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For this reason, it has a lot of different options that enable it to be used by commands as different as <em>git bisect</em> and <em>git repack</em>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_commit_limiting">Commit Limiting</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the special notations explained in the description, additional commit limiting may be applied.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Using more options generally further limits the output (e.g. <code>--since=<date1></code> limits to commits newer than <code><date1></code>, and using it with <code>--grep=<pattern></code> further limits to commits whose log message has a line that matches <code><pattern></code>), unless otherwise noted.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Note that these are applied before commit ordering and formatting options, such as <code>--reverse</code>.</p> </div> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1">-<number></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">-n <number></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--max-count=<number></dt> <dd> <p>Limit the number of commits to output.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--skip=<number></dt> <dd> <p>Skip <em>number</em> commits before starting to show the commit output.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--since=<date></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--after=<date></dt> <dd> <p>Show commits more recent than a specific date.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--since-as-filter=<date></dt> <dd> <p>Show all commits more recent than a specific date. This visits all commits in the range, rather than stopping at the first commit which is older than a specific date.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--until=<date></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--before=<date></dt> <dd> <p>Show commits older than a specific date.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--max-age=<timestamp></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--min-age=<timestamp></dt> <dd> <p>Limit the commits output to specified time range.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--author=<pattern></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--committer=<pattern></dt> <dd> <p>Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer header lines that match the specified pattern (regular expression). With more than one <code>--author=<pattern></code>, commits whose author matches any of the given patterns are chosen (similarly for multiple <code>--committer=<pattern></code>).</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--grep-reflog=<pattern></dt> <dd> <p>Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that match the specified pattern (regular expression). With more than one <code>--grep-reflog</code>, commits whose reflog message matches any of the given patterns are chosen. It is an error to use this option unless <code>--walk-reflogs</code> is in use.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--grep=<pattern></dt> <dd> <p>Limit the commits output to ones with a log message that matches the specified pattern (regular expression). With more than one <code>--grep=<pattern></code>, commits whose message matches any of the given patterns are chosen (but see <code>--all-match</code>).</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--all-match</dt> <dd> <p>Limit the commits output to ones that match all given <code>--grep</code>, instead of ones that match at least one.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--invert-grep</dt> <dd> <p>Limit the commits output to ones with a log message that do not match the pattern specified with <code>--grep=<pattern></code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-i</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--regexp-ignore-case</dt> <dd> <p>Match the regular expression limiting patterns without regard to letter case.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--basic-regexp</dt> <dd> <p>Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions; this is the default.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-E</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--extended-regexp</dt> <dd> <p>Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions instead of the default basic regular expressions.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-F</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--fixed-strings</dt> <dd> <p>Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don’t interpret pattern as a regular expression).</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-P</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--perl-regexp</dt> <dd> <p>Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular expressions.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Support for these types of regular expressions is an optional compile-time dependency. If Git wasn’t compiled with support for them providing this option will cause it to die.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--remove-empty</dt> <dd> <p>Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--merges</dt> <dd> <p>Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as <code>--min-parents=2</code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-merges</dt> <dd> <p>Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is exactly the same as <code>--max-parents=1</code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--min-parents=<number></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--max-parents=<number></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-min-parents</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-max-parents</dt> <dd> <p>Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent commits. In particular, <code>--max-parents=1</code> is the same as <code>--no-merges</code>, <code>--min-parents=2</code> is the same as <code>--merges</code>. <code>--max-parents=0</code> gives all root commits and <code>--min-parents=3</code> all octopus merges.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p><code>--no-min-parents</code> and <code>--no-max-parents</code> reset these limits (to no limit) again. Equivalent forms are <code>--min-parents=0</code> (any commit has 0 or more parents) and <code>--max-parents=-1</code> (negative numbers denote no upper limit).</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--first-parent</dt> <dd> <p>When finding commits to include, follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge commit. This option can give a better overview when viewing the evolution of a particular topic branch, because merges into a topic branch tend to be only about adjusting to updated upstream from time to time, and this option allows you to ignore the individual commits brought in to your history by such a merge.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--exclude-first-parent-only</dt> <dd> <p>When finding commits to exclude (with a <em>^</em>), follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge commit. This can be used to find the set of changes in a topic branch from the point where it diverged from the remote branch, given that arbitrary merges can be valid topic branch changes.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--not</dt> <dd> <p>Reverses the meaning of the <em>^</em> prefix (or lack thereof) for all following revision specifiers, up to the next <code>--not</code>. When used on the command line before --stdin, the revisions passed through stdin will not be affected by it. Conversely, when passed via standard input, the revisions passed on the command line will not be affected by it.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--all</dt> <dd> <p>Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/</code>, along with <code>HEAD</code>, are listed on the command line as <em><commit></em>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--branches[=<pattern>]</dt> <dd> <p>Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/heads</code> are listed on the command line as <em><commit></em>. If <em><pattern></em> is given, limit branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks <em>?</em>, <em>*</em>, or <em>[</em>, <em>/*</em> at the end is implied.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--tags[=<pattern>]</dt> <dd> <p>Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/tags</code> are listed on the command line as <em><commit></em>. If <em><pattern></em> is given, limit tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks <em>?</em>, <em>*</em>, or <em>[</em>, <em>/*</em> at the end is implied.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--remotes[=<pattern>]</dt> <dd> <p>Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/remotes</code> are listed on the command line as <em><commit></em>. If <em><pattern></em> is given, limit remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks <em>?</em>, <em>*</em>, or <em>[</em>, <em>/*</em> at the end is implied.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--glob=<glob-pattern></dt> <dd> <p>Pretend as if all the refs matching shell glob <em><glob-pattern></em> are listed on the command line as <em><commit></em>. Leading <em>refs/</em>, is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks <em>?</em>, <em>*</em>, or <em>[</em>, <em>/*</em> at the end is implied.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--exclude=<glob-pattern></dt> <dd> <p>Do not include refs matching <em><glob-pattern></em> that the next <code>--all</code>, <code>--branches</code>, <code>--tags</code>, <code>--remotes</code>, or <code>--glob</code> would otherwise consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns up to the next <code>--all</code>, <code>--branches</code>, <code>--tags</code>, <code>--remotes</code>, or <code>--glob</code> option (other options or arguments do not clear accumulated patterns).</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The patterns given should not begin with <code>refs/heads</code>, <code>refs/tags</code>, or <code>refs/remotes</code> when applied to <code>--branches</code>, <code>--tags</code>, or <code>--remotes</code>, respectively, and they must begin with <code>refs/</code> when applied to <code>--glob</code> or <code>--all</code>. If a trailing <em>/*</em> is intended, it must be given explicitly.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--exclude-hidden=[fetch|receive|uploadpack]</dt> <dd> <p>Do not include refs that would be hidden by <code>git-fetch</code>, <code>git-receive-pack</code> or <code>git-upload-pack</code> by consulting the appropriate <code>fetch.hideRefs</code>, <code>receive.hideRefs</code> or <code>uploadpack.hideRefs</code> configuration along with <code>transfer.hideRefs</code> (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). This option affects the next pseudo-ref option <code>--all</code> or <code>--glob</code> and is cleared after processing them.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--reflog</dt> <dd> <p>Pretend as if all objects mentioned by reflogs are listed on the command line as <code><commit></code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--alternate-refs</dt> <dd> <p>Pretend as if all objects mentioned as ref tips of alternate repositories were listed on the command line. An alternate repository is any repository whose object directory is specified in <code>objects/info/alternates</code>. The set of included objects may be modified by <code>core.alternateRefsCommand</code>, etc. See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--single-worktree</dt> <dd> <p>By default, all working trees will be examined by the following options when there are more than one (see <a href="git-worktree.html">git-worktree(1)</a>): <code>--all</code>, <code>--reflog</code> and <code>--indexed-objects</code>. This option forces them to examine the current working tree only.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--ignore-missing</dt> <dd> <p>Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if the bad input was not given.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--stdin</dt> <dd> <p>In addition to getting arguments from the command line, read them from standard input as well. This accepts commits and pseudo-options like <code>--all</code> and <code>--glob=</code>. When a <code>--</code> separator is seen, the following input is treated as paths and used to limit the result. Flags like <code>--not</code> which are read via standard input are only respected for arguments passed in the same way and will not influence any subsequent command line arguments.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt> <dd> <p>Don’t print anything to standard output. This form is primarily meant to allow the caller to test the exit status to see if a range of objects is fully connected (or not). It is faster than redirecting stdout to <code>/dev/null</code> as the output does not have to be formatted.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--disk-usage</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--disk-usage=human</dt> <dd> <p>Suppress normal output; instead, print the sum of the bytes used for on-disk storage by the selected commits or objects. This is equivalent to piping the output into <code>git cat-file --batch-check='%(objectsize:disk)'</code>, except that it runs much faster (especially with <code>--use-bitmap-index</code>). See the <code>CAVEATS</code> section in <a href="git-cat-file.html">git-cat-file(1)</a> for the limitations of what "on-disk storage" means. With the optional value <code>human</code>, on-disk storage size is shown in human-readable string(e.g. 12.24 Kib, 3.50 Mib).</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--cherry-mark</dt> <dd> <p>Like <code>--cherry-pick</code> (see below) but mark equivalent commits with <code>=</code> rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with <code>+</code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--cherry-pick</dt> <dd> <p>Omit any commit that introduces the same change as another commit on the “other side” when the set of commits are limited with symmetric difference.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>For example, if you have two branches, <code>A</code> and <code>B</code>, a usual way to list all commits on only one side of them is with <code>--left-right</code> (see the example below in the description of the <code>--left-right</code> option). However, it shows the commits that were cherry-picked from the other branch (for example, “3rd on b” may be cherry-picked from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are excluded from the output.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--left-only</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--right-only</dt> <dd> <p>List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric difference, i.e. only those which would be marked <code><</code> resp. <code>></code> by <code>--left-right</code>.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>For example, <code>--cherry-pick --right-only A...B</code> omits those commits from <code>B</code> which are in <code>A</code> or are patch-equivalent to a commit in <code>A</code>. In other words, this lists the <code>+</code> commits from <code>git cherry A B</code>. More precisely, <code>--cherry-pick --right-only --no-merges</code> gives the exact list.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--cherry</dt> <dd> <p>A synonym for <code>--right-only --cherry-mark --no-merges</code>; useful to limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that have been applied to the other side of a forked history with <code>git log --cherry upstream...mybranch</code>, similar to <code>git cherry upstream mybranch</code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-g</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--walk-reflogs</dt> <dd> <p>Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones. When this option is used you cannot specify commits to exclude (that is, <em>^commit</em>, <em>commit1..commit2</em>, and <em>commit1...commit2</em> notations cannot be used).</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>With <code>--pretty</code> format other than <code>oneline</code> and <code>reference</code> (for obvious reasons), this causes the output to have two extra lines of information taken from the reflog. The reflog designator in the output may be shown as <code>ref@{Nth}</code> (where <code>Nth</code> is the reverse-chronological index in the reflog) or as <code>ref@{timestamp}</code> (with the timestamp for that entry), depending on a few rules:</p> </div> <div class="openblock"> <div class="content"> <div class="olist arabic"> <ol class="arabic"> <li> <p>If the starting point is specified as <code>ref@{Nth}</code>, show the index format.</p> </li> <li> <p>If the starting point was specified as <code>ref@{now}</code>, show the timestamp format.</p> </li> <li> <p>If neither was used, but <code>--date</code> was given on the command line, show the timestamp in the format requested by <code>--date</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Otherwise, show the index format.</p> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Under <code>--pretty=oneline</code>, the commit message is prefixed with this information on the same line. This option cannot be combined with <code>--reverse</code>. See also <a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog(1)</a>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Under <code>--pretty=reference</code>, this information will not be shown at all.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--merge</dt> <dd> <p>After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a conflict and don’t exist on all heads to me