tea-test-dao

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p,blockquote,dt,td.content,span.alt,summary{font-size:1.0625rem} p{margin-bottom:1.25rem} .sidebarblock p,.sidebarblock dt,.sidebarblock td.content,p.tableblock{font-size:1em} .exampleblock>.content{background:#fffef7;border-color:#e0e0dc;box-shadow:0 1px 4px #e0e0dc} .print-only{display:none!important} @page{margin:1.25cm .75cm} @media print{*{box-shadow:none!important;text-shadow:none!important} html{font-size:80%} a{color:inherit!important;text-decoration:underline!important} a.bare,a[href^="#"],a[href^="mailto:"]{text-decoration:none!important} a[href^="http:"]:not(.bare)::after,a[href^="https:"]:not(.bare)::after{content:"(" attr(href) ")";display:inline-block;font-size:.875em;padding-left:.25em} abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted} abbr[title]::after{content:" (" attr(title) ")"} pre,blockquote,tr,img,object,svg{page-break-inside:avoid} thead{display:table-header-group} svg{max-width:100%} p,blockquote,dt,td.content{font-size:1em;orphans:3;widows:3} h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{page-break-after:avoid} #header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{max-width:none} #toc,.sidebarblock,.exampleblock>.content{background:none!important} #toc{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf!important;padding-bottom:0!important} body.book #header{text-align:center} body.book #header>h1:first-child{border:0!important;margin:2.5em 0 1em} body.book #header .details{border:0!important;display:block;padding:0!important} body.book #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:0!important} body.book #header .details br{display:block} body.book #header .details br+span::before{content:none!important} body.book #toc{border:0!important;text-align:left!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important} body.book #toc,body.book #preamble,body.book h1.sect0,body.book .sect1>h2{page-break-before:always} .listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:block} #footer{padding:0 .9375em} .hide-on-print{display:none!important} .print-only{display:block!important} .hide-for-print{display:none!important} .show-for-print{display:inherit!important}} @media amzn-kf8,print{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem} .sect1{padding:0!important} .sect1+.sect1{border:0} #footer{background:none} #footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}} @media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}} </style> </head> <body class="manpage"> <div id="header"> <h1>git-rebase(1) Manual Page</h1> <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-rebase - Reapply commits on top of another base tip</p> </div> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="verseblock"> <pre class="content"><em>git rebase</em> [-i | --interactive] [<options>] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase> | --keep-base] [<upstream> [<branch>]] <em>git rebase</em> [-i | --interactive] [<options>] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] --root [<branch>] <em>git rebase</em> (--continue | --skip | --abort | --quit | --edit-todo | --show-current-patch)</pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If <code><branch></code> is specified, <code>git rebase</code> will perform an automatic <code>git switch <branch></code> before doing anything else. Otherwise it remains on the current branch.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If <code><upstream></code> is not specified, the upstream configured in <code>branch.<name>.remote</code> and <code>branch.<name>.merge</code> options will be used (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for details) and the <code>--fork-point</code> option is assumed. If you are currently not on any branch or if the current branch does not have a configured upstream, the rebase will abort.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>All changes made by commits in the current branch but that are not in <code><upstream></code> are saved to a temporary area. This is the same set of commits that would be shown by <code>git log <upstream>..HEAD</code>; or by <code>git log 'fork_point'..HEAD</code>, if <code>--fork-point</code> is active (see the description on <code>--fork-point</code> below); or by <code>git log HEAD</code>, if the <code>--root</code> option is specified.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The current branch is reset to <code><upstream></code> or <code><newbase></code> if the <code>--onto</code> option was supplied. This has the exact same effect as <code>git reset --hard <upstream></code> (or <code><newbase></code>). <code>ORIG_HEAD</code> is set to point at the tip of the branch before the reset.</p> </div> <div class="admonitionblock note"> <table> <tr> <td class="icon"> <div class="title">Note</div> </td> <td class="content"> <code>ORIG_HEAD</code> is not guaranteed to still point to the previous branch tip at the end of the rebase if other commands that write that pseudo-ref (e.g. <code>git reset</code>) are used during the rebase. The previous branch tip, however, is accessible using the reflog of the current branch (i.e. <code>@{1}</code>, see <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>). </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The commits that were previously saved into the temporary area are then reapplied to the current branch, one by one, in order. Note that any commits in <code>HEAD</code> which introduce the same textual changes as a commit in <code>HEAD..<upstream></code> are omitted (i.e., a patch already accepted upstream with a different commit message or timestamp will be skipped).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>It is possible that a merge failure will prevent this process from being completely automatic. You will have to resolve any such merge failure and run <code>git rebase --continue</code>. Another option is to bypass the commit that caused the merge failure with <code>git rebase --skip</code>. To check out the original <code><branch></code> and remove the <code>.git/rebase-apply</code> working files, use the command <code>git rebase --abort</code> instead.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Assume the following history exists and the current branch is "topic":</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> A---B---C topic / D---E---F---G master</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>From this point, the result of either of the following commands:</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>git rebase master git rebase master topic</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>would be:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> A'--B'--C' topic / D---E---F---G master</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> The latter form is just a short-hand of <code>git checkout topic</code> followed by <code>git rebase master</code>. When rebase exits <code>topic</code> will remain the checked-out branch.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the upstream branch already contains a change you have made (e.g., because you mailed a patch which was applied upstream), then that commit will be skipped and warnings will be issued (if the <em>merge</em> backend is used). For example, running <code>git rebase master</code> on the following history (in which <code>A'</code> and <code>A</code> introduce the same set of changes, but have different committer information):</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> A---B---C topic / D---E---A'---F master</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>will result in:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> B'---C' topic / D---E---A'---F master</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Here is how you would transplant a topic branch based on one branch to another, to pretend that you forked the topic branch from the latter branch, using <code>rebase --onto</code>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>First let’s assume your <em>topic</em> is based on branch <em>next</em>. For example, a feature developed in <em>topic</em> depends on some functionality which is found in <em>next</em>.</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> o---o---o---o---o master \ o---o---o---o---o next \ o---o---o topic</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>We want to make <em>topic</em> forked from branch <em>master</em>; for example, because the functionality on which <em>topic</em> depends was merged into the more stable <em>master</em> branch. We want our tree to look like this:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> o---o---o---o---o master | \ | o'--o'--o' topic \ o---o---o---o---o next</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>We can get this using the following command:</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>git rebase --onto master next topic</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Another example of --onto option is to rebase part of a branch. If we have the following situation:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> H---I---J topicB / E---F---G topicA / A---B---C---D master</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>then the command</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>git rebase --onto master topicA topicB</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>would result in:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> H'--I'--J' topicB / | E---F---G topicA |/ A---B---C---D master</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This is useful when topicB does not depend on topicA.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>A range of commits could also be removed with rebase. If we have the following situation:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> E---F---G---H---I---J topicA</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>then the command</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>git rebase --onto topicA~5 topicA~3 topicA</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>would result in the removal of commits F and G:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> E---H'---I'---J' topicA</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This is useful if F and G were flawed in some way, or should not be part of topicA. Note that the argument to <code>--onto</code> and the <code><upstream></code> parameter can be any valid commit-ish.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>In case of conflict, <code>git rebase</code> will stop at the first problematic commit and leave conflict markers in the tree. You can use <code>git diff</code> to locate the markers (<<<<<<) and make edits to resolve the conflict. For each file you edit, you need to tell Git that the conflict has been resolved, typically this would be done with</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>git add <filename></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>After resolving the conflict manually and updating the index with the desired resolution, you can continue the rebasing process with</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>git rebase --continue</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Alternatively, you can undo the <em>git rebase</em> with</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>git rebase --abort</pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_mode_options">MODE OPTIONS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The options in this section cannot be used with any other option, including not with each other:</p> </div> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1">--continue</dt> <dd> <p>Restart the rebasing process after having resolved a merge conflict.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--skip</dt> <dd> <p>Restart the rebasing process by skipping the current patch.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--abort</dt> <dd> <p>Abort the rebase operation and reset HEAD to the original branch. If <code><branch></code> was provided when the rebase operation was started, then <code>HEAD</code> will be reset to <code><branch></code>. Otherwise <code>HEAD</code> will be reset to where it was when the rebase operation was started.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--quit</dt> <dd> <p>Abort the rebase operation but <code>HEAD</code> is not reset back to the original branch. The index and working tree are also left unchanged as a result. If a temporary stash entry was created using <code>--autostash</code>, it will be saved to the stash list.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--edit-todo</dt> <dd> <p>Edit the todo list during an interactive rebase.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--show-current-patch</dt> <dd> <p>Show the current patch in an interactive rebase or when rebase is stopped because of conflicts. This is the equivalent of <code>git show REBASE_HEAD</code>.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1">--onto <newbase></dt> <dd> <p>Starting point at which to create the new commits. If the <code>--onto</code> option is not specified, the starting point is <code><upstream></code>. May be any valid commit, and not just an existing branch name.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>As a special case, you may use "A...B" as a shortcut for the merge base of A and B if there is exactly one merge base. You can leave out at most one of A and B, in which case it defaults to HEAD.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--keep-base</dt> <dd> <p>Set the starting point at which to create the new commits to the merge base of <code><upstream></code> and <code><branch></code>. Running <code>git rebase --keep-base <upstream> <branch></code> is equivalent to running <code>git rebase --reapply-cherry-picks --no-fork-point --onto <upstream>...<branch> <upstream> <branch></code>.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This option is useful in the case where one is developing a feature on top of an upstream branch. While the feature is being worked on, the upstream branch may advance and it may not be the best idea to keep rebasing on top of the upstream but to keep the base commit as-is. As the base commit is unchanged this option implies <code>--reapply-cherry-picks</code> to avoid losing commits.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Although both this option and <code>--fork-point</code> find the merge base between <code><upstream></code> and <code><branch></code>, this option uses the merge base as the <em>starting point</em> on which new commits will be created, whereas <code>--fork-point</code> uses the merge base to determine the <em>set of commits</em> which will be rebased.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><upstream></dt> <dd> <p>Upstream branch to compare against. May be any valid commit, not just an existing branch name. Defaults to the configured upstream for the current branch.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><branch></dt> <dd> <p>Working branch; defaults to <code>HEAD</code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--apply</dt> <dd> <p>Use applying strategies to rebase (calling <code>git-am</code> internally). This option may become a no-op in the future once the merge backend handles everything the apply one does.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--empty=(drop|keep|ask)</dt> <dd> <p>How to handle commits that are not empty to start and are not clean cherry-picks of any upstream commit, but which become empty after rebasing (because they contain a subset of already upstream changes). With drop (the default), commits that become empty are dropped. With keep, such commits are kept. With ask (implied by <code>--interactive</code>), the rebase will halt when an empty commit is applied allowing you to choose whether to drop it, edit files more, or just commit the empty changes. Other options, like <code>--exec</code>, will use the default of drop unless <code>-i</code>/<code>--interactive</code> is explicitly specified.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Note that commits which start empty are kept (unless <code>--no-keep-empty</code> is specified), and commits which are clean cherry-picks (as determined by <code>git log --cherry-mark ...</code>) are detected and dropped as a preliminary step (unless <code>--reapply-cherry-picks</code> or <code>--keep-base</code> is passed).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-keep-empty</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--keep-empty</dt> <dd> <p>Do not keep commits that start empty before the rebase (i.e. that do not change anything from its parent) in the result. The default is to keep commits which start empty, since creating such commits requires passing the <code>--allow-empty</code> override flag to <code>git commit</code>, signifying that a user is very intentionally creating such a commit and thus wants to keep it.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Usage of this flag will probably be rare, since you can get rid of commits that start empty by just firing up an interactive rebase and removing the lines corresponding to the commits you don’t want. This flag exists as a convenient shortcut, such as for cases where external tools generate many empty commits and you want them all removed.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>For commits which do not start empty but become empty after rebasing, see the <code>--empty</code> flag.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--reapply-cherry-picks</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-reapply-cherry-picks</dt> <dd> <p>Reapply all clean cherry-picks of any upstream commit instead of preemptively dropping them. (If these commits then become empty after rebasing, because they contain a subset of already upstream changes, the behavior towards them is controlled by the <code>--empty</code> flag.)</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>In the absence of <code>--keep-base</code> (or if <code>--no-reapply-cherry-picks</code> is given), these commits will be automatically dropped. Because this necessitates reading all upstream commits, this can be expensive in repositories with a large number of upstream commits that need to be read. When using the <em>merge</em> backend, warnings will be issued for each dropped commit (unless <code>--quiet</code> is given). Advice will also be issued unless <code>advice.skippedCherryPicks</code> is set to false (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p><code>--reapply-cherry-picks</code> allows rebase to forgo reading all upstream commits, potentially improving performance.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--allow-empty-message</dt> <dd> <p>No-op. Rebasing commits with an empty message used to fail and this option would override that behavior, allowing commits with empty messages to be rebased. Now commits with an empty message do not cause rebasing to halt.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-m</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--merge</dt> <dd> <p>Using merging strategies to rebase (default).</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Note that a rebase merge works by replaying each commit from the working branch on top of the <code><upstream></code> branch. Because of this, when a merge conflict happens, the side reported as <em>ours</em> is the so-far rebased series, starting with <code><upstream></code>, and <em>theirs</em> is the working branch. In other words, the sides are swapped.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-s <strategy></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--strategy=<strategy></dt> <dd> <p>Use the given merge strategy, instead of the default <code>ort</code>. This implies <code>--merge</code>.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Because <code>git rebase</code> replays each commit from the working branch on top of the <code><upstream></code> branch using the given strategy, using the <code>ours</code> strategy simply empties all patches from the <code><branch></code>, which makes little sense.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-X <strategy-option></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--strategy-option=<strategy-option></dt> <dd> <p>Pass the <strategy-option> through to the merge strategy. This implies <code>--merge</code> and, if no strategy has been specified, <code>-s ort</code>. Note the reversal of <em>ours</em> and <em>theirs</em> as noted above for the <code>-m</code> option.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--rerere-autoupdate</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-rerere-autoupdate</dt> <dd> <p>After the rerere mechanism reuses a recorded resolution on the current conflict to update the