tea-test-dao

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.17"/> <title>git-pull(1)</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/> <style> /*! Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */ /* Uncomment the following line when using as a custom stylesheet */ /* @import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"; */ html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%} a{background:none} a:focus{outline:thin dotted} a:active,a:hover{outline:0} h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0} b,strong{font-weight:bold} abbr{font-size:.9em} abbr[title]{cursor:help;border-bottom:1px dotted #dddddf;text-decoration:none} dfn{font-style:italic} hr{height:0} mark{background:#ff0;color:#000} code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em} pre{white-space:pre-wrap} q{quotes:"\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"} small{font-size:80%} sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline} sup{top:-.5em} sub{bottom:-.25em} img{border:0} svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden} figure{margin:0} audio,video{display:inline-block} audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0} fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em} legend{border:0;padding:0} button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0} button,input{line-height:normal} button,select{text-transform:none} button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer} button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default} input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{padding:0} button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0} textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top} table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0} *,::before,::after{box-sizing:border-box} html,body{font-size:100%} body{background:#fff;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:0;margin:0;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;line-height:1;position:relative;cursor:auto;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;word-wrap:anywhere;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased} a:hover{cursor:pointer} img,object,embed{max-width:100%;height:auto} object,embed{height:100%} img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic} .left{float:left!important} .right{float:right!important} .text-left{text-align:left!important} .text-right{text-align:right!important} .text-center{text-align:center!important} .text-justify{text-align:justify!important} .hide{display:none} img,object,svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle} textarea{height:auto;min-height:50px} select{width:100%} .subheader,.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{line-height:1.45;color:#7a2518;font-weight:400;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.25em} div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,p,blockquote,th,td{margin:0;padding:0} a{color:#2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit} a:hover,a:focus{color:#1d4b8f} a img{border:0} p{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility} p aside{font-size:.875em;line-height:1.35;font-style:italic} h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:300;font-style:normal;color:#ba3925;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:.5em;line-height:1.0125em} h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,#toctitle small,.sidebarblock>.content>.title small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small{font-size:60%;color:#e99b8f;line-height:0} h1{font-size:2.125em} h2{font-size:1.6875em} h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.375em} h4,h5{font-size:1.125em} h6{font-size:1em} hr{border:solid #dddddf;border-width:1px 0 0;clear:both;margin:1.25em 0 1.1875em} em,i{font-style:italic;line-height:inherit} strong,b{font-weight:bold;line-height:inherit} small{font-size:60%;line-height:inherit} code{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)} ul,ol,dl{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;list-style-position:outside;font-family:inherit} ul,ol{margin-left:1.5em} ul li ul,ul li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0} ul.square li ul,ul.circle li ul,ul.disc li ul{list-style:inherit} ul.square{list-style-type:square} ul.circle{list-style-type:circle} ul.disc{list-style-type:disc} ol li ul,ol li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0} dl dt{margin-bottom:.3125em;font-weight:bold} dl dd{margin-bottom:1.25em} blockquote{margin:0 0 1.25em;padding:.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em;border-left:1px solid #ddd} blockquote,blockquote p{line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)} @media screen and (min-width:768px){h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2} h1{font-size:2.75em} h2{font-size:2.3125em} h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.6875em} h4{font-size:1.4375em}} table{background:#fff;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:1px solid #dedede;word-wrap:normal} table thead,table tfoot{background:#f7f8f7} table thead tr th,table thead tr td,table tfoot tr th,table tfoot tr td{padding:.5em .625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);text-align:left} table tr th,table tr td{padding:.5625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)} table tr.even,table tr.alt{background:#f8f8f7} table thead tr th,table tfoot tr th,table tbody tr td,table tr td,table tfoot tr td{line-height:1.6} h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2;word-spacing:-.05em} h1 strong,h2 strong,h3 strong,#toctitle strong,.sidebarblock>.content>.title strong,h4 strong,h5 strong,h6 strong{font-weight:400} .center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .stretch{width:100%} .clearfix::before,.clearfix::after,.float-group::before,.float-group::after{content:" ";display:table} .clearfix::after,.float-group::after{clear:both} :not(pre).nobreak{word-wrap:normal} :not(pre).nowrap{white-space:nowrap} :not(pre).pre-wrap{white-space:pre-wrap} :not(pre):not([class^=L])>code{font-size:.9375em;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:0;padding:.1em .5ex;word-spacing:-.15em;background:#f7f7f8;border-radius:4px;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed} pre{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9);font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed} pre code,pre pre{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit} pre>code{display:block} pre.nowrap,pre.nowrap pre{white-space:pre;word-wrap:normal} em em{font-style:normal} strong strong{font-weight:400} .keyseq{color:rgba(51,51,51,.8)} kbd{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;display:inline-block;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-size:.65em;line-height:1.45;background:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),inset 0 0 0 .1em #fff;margin:0 .15em;padding:.2em .5em;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-.1em;white-space:nowrap} .keyseq kbd:first-child{margin-left:0} .keyseq kbd:last-child{margin-right:0} .menuseq,.menuref{color:#000} .menuseq b:not(.caret),.menuref{font-weight:inherit} .menuseq{word-spacing:-.02em} .menuseq b.caret{font-size:1.25em;line-height:.8} .menuseq i.caret{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;width:.45em} b.button::before,b.button::after{position:relative;top:-1px;font-weight:400} b.button::before{content:"[";padding:0 3px 0 2px} b.button::after{content:"]";padding:0 2px 0 3px} p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)} #header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{width:100%;margin:0 auto;max-width:62.5em;*zoom:1;position:relative;padding-left:.9375em;padding-right:.9375em} #header::before,#header::after,#content::before,#content::after,#footnotes::before,#footnotes::after,#footer::before,#footer::after{content:" ";display:table} #header::after,#content::after,#footnotes::after,#footer::after{clear:both} #content{margin-top:1.25em} #content::before{content:none} #header>h1:first-child{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:0} #header>h1:first-child+#toc{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid #dddddf} #header>h1:only-child,body.toc2 #header>h1:nth-last-child(2){border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px} #header .details{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;line-height:1.45;padding-top:.25em;padding-bottom:.25em;padding-left:.25em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap} #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:-.125em} #header .details span.email a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)} #header .details br{display:none} #header .details br+span::before{content:"\00a0\2013\00a0"} #header .details br+span.author::before{content:"\00a0\22c5\00a0";color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)} #header .details br+span#revremark::before{content:"\00a0|\00a0"} #header #revnumber{text-transform:capitalize} #header #revnumber::after{content:"\00a0"} #content>h1:first-child:not([class]){color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px;margin-top:0;padding-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem} #toc{border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e9;padding-bottom:.5em} #toc>ul{margin-left:.125em} #toc ul.sectlevel0>li>a{font-style:italic} #toc ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{margin:.5em 0} #toc ul{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;list-style-type:none} #toc li{line-height:1.3334;margin-top:.3334em} #toc a{text-decoration:none} #toc a:active{text-decoration:underline} #toctitle{color:#7a2518;font-size:1.2em} @media screen and (min-width:768px){#toctitle{font-size:1.375em} body.toc2{padding-left:15em;padding-right:0} #toc.toc2{margin-top:0!important;background:#f8f8f7;position:fixed;width:15em;left:0;top:0;border-right:1px solid #e7e7e9;border-top-width:0!important;border-bottom-width:0!important;z-index:1000;padding:1.25em 1em;height:100%;overflow:auto} #toc.toc2 #toctitle{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-size:1.2em} #toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.9em;margin-bottom:0} #toc.toc2 ul ul{margin-left:0;padding-left:1em} #toc.toc2 ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{padding-left:0;margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:.5em} body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:15em} body.toc2.toc-right #toc.toc2{border-right-width:0;border-left:1px solid #e7e7e9;left:auto;right:0}} @media screen and (min-width:1280px){body.toc2{padding-left:20em;padding-right:0} #toc.toc2{width:20em} #toc.toc2 #toctitle{font-size:1.375em} #toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.95em} #toc.toc2 ul ul{padding-left:1.25em} body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:20em}} #content #toc{border:1px solid #e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;border-radius:4px} #content #toc>:first-child{margin-top:0} #content #toc>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} #footer{max-width:none;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:1.25em} #footer-text{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.8);line-height:1.44} #content{margin-bottom:.625em} .sect1{padding-bottom:.625em} @media screen and (min-width:768px){#content{margin-bottom:1.25em} .sect1{padding-bottom:1.25em}} .sect1:last-child{padding-bottom:0} .sect1+.sect1{border-top:1px solid #e7e7e9} #content h1>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor,#toctitle>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor{position:absolute;z-index:1001;width:1.5ex;margin-left:-1.5ex;display:block;text-decoration:none!important;visibility:hidden;text-align:center;font-weight:400} #content h1>a.anchor::before,h2>a.anchor::before,h3>a.anchor::before,#toctitle>a.anchor::before,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor::before,h4>a.anchor::before,h5>a.anchor::before,h6>a.anchor::before{content:"\00A7";font-size:.85em;display:block;padding-top:.1em} #content h1:hover>a.anchor,#content h1>a.anchor:hover,h2:hover>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor:hover,h3:hover>a.anchor,#toctitle:hover>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title:hover>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor:hover,#toctitle>a.anchor:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor:hover,h4:hover>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor:hover,h5:hover>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor:hover,h6:hover>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor:hover{visibility:visible} #content h1>a.link,h2>a.link,h3>a.link,#toctitle>a.link,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link,h4>a.link,h5>a.link,h6>a.link{color:#ba3925;text-decoration:none} #content h1>a.link:hover,h2>a.link:hover,h3>a.link:hover,#toctitle>a.link:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link:hover,h4>a.link:hover,h5>a.link:hover,h6>a.link:hover{color:#a53221} details,.audioblock,.imageblock,.literalblock,.listingblock,.stemblock,.videoblock{margin-bottom:1.25em} details{margin-left:1.25rem} details>summary{cursor:pointer;display:block;position:relative;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:.625rem;outline:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent} details>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} details>summary::before{content:"";border:solid transparent;border-left:solid;border-width:.3em 0 .3em .5em;position:absolute;top:.5em;left:-1.25rem;transform:translateX(15%)} details[open]>summary::before{border:solid transparent;border-top:solid;border-width:.5em .3em 0;transform:translateY(15%)} details>summary::after{content:"";width:1.25rem;height:1em;position:absolute;top:.3em;left:-1.25rem} .admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;text-align:left;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;font-size:1rem;font-style:italic} table.tableblock.fit-content>caption.title{white-space:nowrap;width:0} .paragraph.lead>p,#preamble>.sectionbody>[class=paragraph]:first-of-type p{font-size:1.21875em;line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)} .admonitionblock>table{border-collapse:separate;border:0;background:none;width:100%} .admonitionblock>table td.icon{text-align:center;width:80px} .admonitionblock>table td.icon img{max-width:none} .admonitionblock>table td.icon .title{font-weight:bold;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase} .admonitionblock>table td.content{padding-left:1.125em;padding-right:1.25em;border-left:1px solid #dddddf;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);word-wrap:anywhere} .admonitionblock>table td.content>:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} .exampleblock>.content{border:1px solid #e6e6e6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#fff;border-radius:4px} .exampleblock>.content>:first-child{margin-top:0} .exampleblock>.content>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} .sidebarblock{border:1px solid #dbdbd6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f3f3f2;border-radius:4px} .sidebarblock>:first-child{margin-top:0} .sidebarblock>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} .sidebarblock>.content>.title{color:#7a2518;margin-top:0;text-align:center} .exampleblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} .literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{border-radius:4px;overflow-x:auto;padding:1em;font-size:.8125em} @media screen and (min-width:768px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:.90625em}} @media screen and (min-width:1280px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:1em}} .literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre:not(.highlight),.listingblock>.content>pre[class=highlight],.listingblock>.content>pre[class^="highlight "]{background:#f7f7f8} .literalblock.output pre{color:#f7f7f8;background:rgba(0,0,0,.9)} .listingblock>.content{position:relative} .listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:none;content:attr(data-lang);position:absolute;font-size:.75em;top:.425rem;right:.5rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase;color:inherit;opacity:.5} .listingblock:hover code[data-lang]::before{display:block} .listingblock.terminal pre .command::before{content:attr(data-prompt);padding-right:.5em;color:inherit;opacity:.5} .listingblock.terminal pre .command:not([data-prompt])::before{content:"$"} .listingblock pre.highlightjs{padding:0} .listingblock pre.highlightjs>code{padding:1em;border-radius:4px} .listingblock pre.prettyprint{border-width:0} .prettyprint{background:#f7f7f8} pre.prettyprint .linenums{line-height:1.45;margin-left:2em} pre.prettyprint li{background:none;list-style-type:inherit;padding-left:0} pre.prettyprint li code[data-lang]::before{opacity:1} pre.prettyprint li:not(:first-child) code[data-lang]::before{display:none} table.linenotable{border-collapse:separate;border:0;margin-bottom:0;background:none} table.linenotable td[class]{color:inherit;vertical-align:top;padding:0;line-height:inherit;white-space:normal} table.linenotable td.code{padding-left:.75em} table.linenotable td.linenos,pre.pygments .linenos{border-right:1px solid;opacity:.35;padding-right:.5em;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none} pre.pygments span.linenos{display:inline-block;margin-right:.75em} .quoteblock{margin:0 1em 1.25em 1.5em;display:table} .quoteblock:not(.excerpt)>.title{margin-left:-1.5em;margin-bottom:.75em} .quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock p{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.75;word-spacing:.1em;letter-spacing:0;font-style:italic;text-align:justify} .quoteblock blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border:0} .quoteblock blockquote::before{content:"\201c";float:left;font-size:2.75em;font-weight:bold;line-height:.6em;margin-left:-.6em;color:#7a2518;text-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1)} .quoteblock blockquote>.paragraph:last-child p{margin-bottom:0} .quoteblock .attribution{margin-top:.75em;margin-right:.5ex;text-align:right} .verseblock{margin:0 1em 1.25em} .verseblock pre{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-size:1.15rem;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);font-weight:300;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility} .verseblock pre strong{font-weight:400} .verseblock .attribution{margin-top:1.25rem;margin-left:.5ex} .quoteblock .attribution,.verseblock .attribution{font-size:.9375em;line-height:1.45;font-style:italic} .quoteblock .attribution br,.verseblock .attribution br{display:none} .quoteblock .attribution cite,.verseblock .attribution cite{display:block;letter-spacing:-.025em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)} .quoteblock.abstract blockquote::before,.quoteblock.excerpt blockquote::before,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote::before{display:none} .quoteblock.abstract blockquote,.quoteblock.abstract p,.quoteblock.excerpt blockquote,.quoteblock.excerpt p,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock p{line-height:1.6;word-spacing:0} .quoteblock.abstract{margin:0 1em 1.25em;display:block} .quoteblock.abstract>.title{margin:0 0 .375em;font-size:1.15em;text-align:center} .quoteblock.excerpt>blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock{padding:0 0 .25em 1em;border-left:.25em solid #dddddf} .quoteblock.excerpt,.quoteblock .quoteblock{margin-left:0} .quoteblock.excerpt blockquote,.quoteblock.excerpt p,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock p{color:inherit;font-size:1.0625rem} .quoteblock.excerpt .attribution,.quoteblock .quoteblock .attribution{color:inherit;font-size:.85rem;text-align:left;margin-right:0} p.tableblock:last-child{margin-bottom:0} td.tableblock>.content{margin-bottom:1.25em;word-wrap:anywhere} td.tableblock>.content>:last-child{margin-bottom:-1.25em} table.tableblock,th.tableblock,td.tableblock{border:0 solid #dedede} table.grid-all>*>tr>*{border-width:1px} table.grid-cols>*>tr>*{border-width:0 1px} table.grid-rows>*>tr>*{border-width:1px 0} table.frame-all{border-width:1px} table.frame-ends{border-width:1px 0} table.frame-sides{border-width:0 1px} table.frame-none>colgroup+*>:first-child>*,table.frame-sides>colgroup+*>:first-child>*{border-top-width:0} table.frame-none>:last-child>:last-child>*,table.frame-sides>:last-child>:last-child>*{border-bottom-width:0} table.frame-none>*>tr>:first-child,table.frame-ends>*>tr>:first-child{border-left-width:0} table.frame-none>*>tr>:last-child,table.frame-ends>*>tr>:last-child{border-right-width:0} table.stripes-all>*>tr,table.stripes-odd>*>tr:nth-of-type(odd),table.stripes-even>*>tr:nth-of-type(even),table.stripes-hover>*>tr:hover{background:#f8f8f7} th.halign-left,td.halign-left{text-align:left} th.halign-right,td.halign-right{text-align:right} th.halign-center,td.halign-center{text-align:center} th.valign-top,td.valign-top{vertical-align:top} th.valign-bottom,td.valign-bottom{vertical-align:bottom} th.valign-middle,td.valign-middle{vertical-align:middle} table thead th,table tfoot th{font-weight:bold} tbody tr th{background:#f7f8f7} tbody tr th,tbody tr th p,tfoot tr th,tfoot tr th p{color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-weight:bold} p.tableblock>code:only-child{background:none;padding:0} p.tableblock{font-size:1em} ol{margin-left:1.75em} ul li ol{margin-left:1.5em} dl dd{margin-left:1.125em} dl dd:last-child,dl dd:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} li p,ul dd,ol dd,.olist .olist,.ulist .ulist,.ulist .olist,.olist .ulist{margin-bottom:.625em} ul.checklist,ul.none,ol.none,ul.no-bullet,ol.no-bullet,ol.unnumbered,ul.unstyled,ol.unstyled{list-style-type:none} ul.no-bullet,ol.no-bullet,ol.unnumbered{margin-left:.625em} ul.unstyled,ol.unstyled{margin-left:0} li>p:empty:only-child::before{content:"";display:inline-block} ul.checklist>li>p:first-child{margin-left:-1em} ul.checklist>li>p:first-child>.fa-square-o:first-child,ul.checklist>li>p:first-child>.fa-check-square-o:first-child{width:1.25em;font-size:.8em;position:relative;bottom:.125em} ul.checklist>li>p:first-child>input[type=checkbox]:first-child{margin-right:.25em} ul.inline{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;list-style:none;margin:0 0 .625em -1.25em} ul.inline>li{margin-left:1.25em} .unstyled dl dt{font-weight:400;font-style:normal} ol.arabic{list-style-type:decimal} ol.decimal{list-style-type:decimal-leading-zero} ol.loweralpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha} ol.upperalpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha} ol.lowerroman{list-style-type:lower-roman} ol.upperroman{list-style-type:upper-roman} ol.lowergreek{list-style-type:lower-greek} .hdlist>table,.colist>table{border:0;background:none} .hdlist>table>tbody>tr,.colist>table>tbody>tr{background:none} td.hdlist1,td.hdlist2{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .625em} td.hdlist1{font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:1.25em} td.hdlist2{word-wrap:anywhere} .literalblock+.colist,.listingblock+.colist{margin-top:-.5em} .colist td:not([class]):first-child{padding:.4em .75em 0;line-height:1;vertical-align:top} .colist td:not([class]):first-child img{max-width:none} .colist td:not([class]):last-child{padding:.25em 0} .thumb,.th{line-height:0;display:inline-block;border:4px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ddd} .imageblock.left{margin:.25em .625em 1.25em 0} .imageblock.right{margin:.25em 0 1.25em .625em} .imageblock>.title{margin-bottom:0} .imageblock.thumb,.imageblock.th{border-width:6px} .imageblock.thumb>.title,.imageblock.th>.title{padding:0 .125em} .image.left,.image.right{margin-top:.25em;margin-bottom:.25em;display:inline-block;line-height:0} .image.left{margin-right:.625em} .image.right{margin-left:.625em} a.image{text-decoration:none;display:inline-block} a.image object{pointer-events:none} sup.footnote,sup.footnoteref{font-size:.875em;position:static;vertical-align:super} sup.footnote a,sup.footnoteref a{text-decoration:none} sup.footnote a:active,sup.footnoteref a:active{text-decoration:underline} #footnotes{padding-top:.75em;padding-bottom:.75em;margin-bottom:.625em} #footnotes hr{width:20%;min-width:6.25em;margin:-.25em 0 .75em;border-width:1px 0 0} #footnotes .footnote{padding:0 .375em 0 .225em;line-height:1.3334;font-size:.875em;margin-left:1.2em;margin-bottom:.2em} #footnotes .footnote a:first-of-type{font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;margin-left:-1.05em} #footnotes .footnote:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0} #content #footnotes{margin-top:-.625em;margin-bottom:0;padding:.75em 0} div.unbreakable{page-break-inside:avoid} .big{font-size:larger} .small{font-size:smaller} .underline{text-decoration:underline} .overline{text-decoration:overline} .line-through{text-decoration:line-through} .aqua{color:#00bfbf} .aqua-background{background:#00fafa} .black{color:#000} .black-background{background:#000} .blue{color:#0000bf} .blue-background{background:#0000fa} .fuchsia{color:#bf00bf} .fuchsia-background{background:#fa00fa} .gray{color:#606060} .gray-background{background:#7d7d7d} .green{color:#006000} .green-background{background:#007d00} .lime{color:#00bf00} .lime-background{background:#00fa00} .maroon{color:#600000} .maroon-background{background:#7d0000} .navy{color:#000060} .navy-background{background:#00007d} .olive{color:#606000} .olive-background{background:#7d7d00} .purple{color:#600060} .purple-background{background:#7d007d} .red{color:#bf0000} .red-background{background:#fa0000} .silver{color:#909090} .silver-background{background:#bcbcbc} .teal{color:#006060} .teal-background{background:#007d7d} .white{color:#bfbfbf} .white-background{background:#fafafa} .yellow{color:#bfbf00} .yellow-background{background:#fafa00} span.icon>.fa{cursor:default} a span.icon>.fa{cursor:inherit} .admonitionblock td.icon [class^="fa icon-"]{font-size:2.5em;text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.5);cursor:default} .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-note::before{content:"\f05a";color:#19407c} .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-tip::before{content:"\f0eb";text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(155,155,0,.8);color:#111} .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-warning::before{content:"\f071";color:#bf6900} .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-caution::before{content:"\f06d";color:#bf3400} .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-important::before{content:"\f06a";color:#bf0000} .conum[data-value]{display:inline-block;color:#fff!important;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);border-radius:50%;text-align:center;font-size:.75em;width:1.67em;height:1.67em;line-height:1.67em;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold} .conum[data-value] *{color:#fff!important} .conum[data-value]+b{display:none} .conum[data-value]::after{content:attr(data-value)} pre .conum[data-value]{position:relative;top:-.125em} b.conum *{color:inherit!important} .conum:not([data-value]):empty{display:none} dt,th.tableblock,td.content,div.footnote{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility} h1,h2,p,td.content,span.alt,summary{letter-spacing:-.01em} p strong,td.content strong,div.footnote strong{letter-spacing:-.005em} p,blockquote,dt,td.content,span.alt,summary{font-size:1.0625rem} p{margin-bottom:1.25rem} .sidebarblock p,.sidebarblock dt,.sidebarblock td.content,p.tableblock{font-size:1em} .exampleblock>.content{background:#fffef7;border-color:#e0e0dc;box-shadow:0 1px 4px #e0e0dc} .print-only{display:none!important} @page{margin:1.25cm .75cm} @media print{*{box-shadow:none!important;text-shadow:none!important} html{font-size:80%} a{color:inherit!important;text-decoration:underline!important} a.bare,a[href^="#"],a[href^="mailto:"]{text-decoration:none!important} a[href^="http:"]:not(.bare)::after,a[href^="https:"]:not(.bare)::after{content:"(" attr(href) ")";display:inline-block;font-size:.875em;padding-left:.25em} abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted} abbr[title]::after{content:" (" attr(title) ")"} pre,blockquote,tr,img,object,svg{page-break-inside:avoid} thead{display:table-header-group} svg{max-width:100%} p,blockquote,dt,td.content{font-size:1em;orphans:3;widows:3} h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{page-break-after:avoid} #header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{max-width:none} #toc,.sidebarblock,.exampleblock>.content{background:none!important} #toc{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf!important;padding-bottom:0!important} body.book #header{text-align:center} body.book #header>h1:first-child{border:0!important;margin:2.5em 0 1em} body.book #header .details{border:0!important;display:block;padding:0!important} body.book #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:0!important} body.book #header .details br{display:block} body.book #header .details br+span::before{content:none!important} body.book #toc{border:0!important;text-align:left!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important} body.book #toc,body.book #preamble,body.book h1.sect0,body.book .sect1>h2{page-break-before:always} .listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:block} #footer{padding:0 .9375em} .hide-on-print{display:none!important} .print-only{display:block!important} .hide-for-print{display:none!important} .show-for-print{display:inherit!important}} @media amzn-kf8,print{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem} .sect1{padding:0!important} .sect1+.sect1{border:0} #footer{background:none} #footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}} @media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}} </style> </head> <body class="manpage"> <div id="header"> <h1>git-pull(1) Manual Page</h1> <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch</p> </div> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="verseblock"> <pre class="content"><em>git pull</em> [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>…]]</pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current branch. If the current branch is behind the remote, then by default it will fast-forward the current branch to match the remote. If the current branch and the remote have diverged, the user needs to specify how to reconcile the divergent branches with <code>--rebase</code> or <code>--no-rebase</code> (or the corresponding configuration option in <code>pull.rebase</code>).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>More precisely, <code>git pull</code> runs <code>git fetch</code> with the given parameters and then depending on configuration options or command line flags, will call either <code>git rebase</code> or <code>git merge</code> to reconcile diverging branches.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p><repository> should be the name of a remote repository as passed to <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>. <refspec> can name an arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches (e.g., refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*), but usually it is the name of a branch in the remote repository.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the "remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch as set by <a href="git-branch.html">git-branch(1)</a> <code>--track</code>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Assume the following history exists and the current branch is "<code>master</code>":</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> A---B---C master on origin / D---E---F---G master ^ origin/master in your repository</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Then "<code>git pull</code>" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote <code>master</code> branch since it diverged from the local <code>master</code> (i.e., <code>E</code>) until its current commit (<code>C</code>) on top of <code>master</code> and record the result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits and a log message from the user describing the changes.</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> A---B---C origin/master / \ D---E---F---G---H master</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See <a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a> for details, including how conflicts are presented and handled.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use <code>git reset --merge</code>. <strong>Warning</strong>: In older versions of Git, running <em>git pull</em> with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes, the merge will be automatically canceled and the work tree untouched. It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before pulling or stash them away with <a href="git-stash.html">git-stash(1)</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1">-q</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt> <dd> <p>This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during merging.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-v</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--verbose</dt> <dd> <p>Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]</dt> <dd> <p>This option controls if new commits of populated submodules should be fetched, and if the working trees of active submodules should be updated, too (see <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>, <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> and <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>).</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the checkout is done via rebase, local submodule commits are rebased as well.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the update is done via merge, the submodule conflicts are resolved and checked out.</p> </div> </dd> </dl> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_options_related_to_merging">Options related to merging</h3> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1">--commit</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-commit</dt> <dd> <p>Perform the merge and commit the result. This option can be used to override --no-commit. Only useful when merging.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>With --no-commit perform the merge and stop just before creating a merge commit, to give the user a chance to inspect and further tweak the merge result before committing.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Note that fast-forward updates do not create a merge commit and therefore there is no way to stop those merges with --no-commit. Thus, if you want to ensure your branch is not changed or updated by the merge command, use --no-ff with --no-commit.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--edit</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">-e</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-edit</dt> <dd> <p>Invoke an editor before committing successful mechanical merge to further edit the auto-generated merge message, so that the user can explain and justify the merge. The <code>--no-edit</code> option can be used to accept the auto-generated message (this is generally discouraged).</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Older scripts may depend on the historical behaviour of not allowing the user to edit the merge log message. They will see an editor opened when they run <code>git merge</code>. To make it easier to adjust such scripts to the updated behaviour, the environment variable <code>GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT</code> can be set to <code>no</code> at the beginning of them.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--cleanup=<mode></dt> <dd> <p>This option determines how the merge message will be cleaned up before committing. See <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a> for more details. In addition, if the <em><mode></em> is given a value of <code>scissors</code>, scissors will be appended to <code>MERGE_MSG</code> before being passed on to the commit machinery in the case of a merge conflict.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--ff-only</dt> <dd> <p>Only update to the new history if there is no divergent local history. This is the default when no method for reconciling divergent histories is provided (via the --rebase=* flags).</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--ff</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-ff</dt> <dd> <p>When merging rather than rebasing, specifies how a merge is handled when the merged-in history is already a descendant of the current history. If merging is requested, <code>--ff</code> is the default unless merging an annotated (and possibly signed) tag that is not stored in its natural place in the <code>refs/tags/</code> hierarchy, in which case <code>--no-ff</code> is assumed.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>With <code>--ff</code>, when possible resolve the merge as a fast-forward (only update the branch pointer to match the merged branch; do not create a merge commit). When not possible (when the merged-in history is not a descendant of the current history), create a merge commit.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>With <code>--no-ff</code>, create a merge commit in all cases, even when the merge could instead be resolved as a fast-forward.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-S[<keyid>]</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-gpg-sign</dt> <dd> <p>GPG-sign the resulting merge commit. The <code>keyid</code> argument is optional and defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be stuck to the option without a space. <code>--no-gpg-sign</code> is useful to countermand both <code>commit.gpgSign</code> configuration variable, and earlier <code>--gpg-sign</code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--log[=<n>]</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-log</dt> <dd> <p>In addition to branch names, populate the log message with one-line descriptions from at most <n> actual commits that are being merged. See also <a href="git-fmt-merge-msg.html">git-fmt-merge-msg(1)</a>. Only useful when merging.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>With --no-log do not list one-line descriptions from the actual commits being merged.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--signoff</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-signoff</dt> <dd> <p>Add a <code>Signed-off-by</code> trailer by the committer at the end of the commit log message. The meaning of a signoff depends on the project to which you’re committing. For example, it may certify that the committer has the rights to submit the work under the project’s license or agrees to some contributor representation, such as a Developer Certificate of Origin. (See <a href="https://developercertificate.org" class="bare">https://developercertificate.org</a> for the one used by the Linux kernel and Git projects.) Consult the documentation or leadership of the project to which you’re contributing to understand how the signoffs are used in that project.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The --no-signoff option can be used to countermand an earlier --signoff option on the command line.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--stat</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">-n</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-stat</dt> <dd> <p>Show a diffstat at the end of the merge. The diffstat is also controlled by the configuration option merge.stat.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>With -n or --no-stat do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--squash</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-squash</dt> <dd> <p>Produce the working tree and index state as if a real merge happened (except for the merge information), but do not actually make a commit, move the <code>HEAD</code>, or record <code>$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD</code> (to cause the next <code>git commit</code> command to create a merge commit). This allows you to create a single commit on top of the current branch whose effect is the same as merging another branch (or more in case of an octopus).</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>With --no-squash perform the merge and commit the result. This option can be used to override --squash.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>With --squash, --commit is not allowed, and will fail.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Only useful when merging.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]verify</dt> <dd> <p>By default, the pre-merge and commit-msg hooks are run. When <code>--no-verify</code> is given, these are bypassed. See also <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a>. Only useful when merging.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-s <strategy></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--strategy=<strategy></dt> <dd> <p>Use the given merge strategy; can be supplied more than once to specify them in the order they should be tried. If there is no <code>-s</code> option, a built-in list of strategies is used instead (<code>ort</code> when merging a single head, <code>octopus</code> otherwise).</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-X <option></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--strategy-option=<option></dt> <dd> <p>Pass merge strategy specific option through to the merge strategy.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--verify-signatures</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-verify-signatures</dt> <dd> <p>Verify that the tip commit of the side branch being merged is signed with a valid key, i.e. a key that has a valid uid: in the default trust model, this means the signing key has been signed by a trusted key. If the tip commit of the side branch is not signed with a valid key, the merge is aborted.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Only useful when merging.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--summary</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-summary</dt> <dd> <p>Synonyms to --stat and --no-stat; these are deprecated and will be removed in the future.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--autostash</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-autostash</dt> <dd> <p>Automatically create a temporary stash entry before the operation begins, record it in the ref <code>MERGE_AUTOSTASH</code> and apply it after the operation ends. This means that you can run the operation on a dirty worktree. However, use with care: the final stash application after a successful merge might result in non-trivial conflicts.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--allow-unrelated-histories</dt> <dd> <p>By default, <code>git merge</code> command refuses to merge histories that do not share a common ancestor. This option can be used to override this safety when merging histories of two projects that started their lives independently. As that is a very rare occasion, no configuration variable to enable this by default exists and will not be added.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Only useful when merging.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-r</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--rebase[=false|true|merges|interactive]</dt> <dd> <p>When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information to avoid rebasing non-local changes.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>When set to <code>merges</code>, rebase using <code>git rebase --rebase-merges</code> so that the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> for details).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>When false, merge the upstream branch into the current branch.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>When <code>interactive</code>, enable the interactive mode of rebase.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See <code>pull.rebase</code>, <code>branch.<name>.rebase</code> and <code>branch.autoSetupRebase</code> in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> if you want to make <code>git pull</code> always use <code>--rebase</code> instead of merging.</p> </div> <div class="admonitionblock note"> <table> <tr> <td class="icon"> <div class="title">Note</div> </td> <td class="content"> This is a potentially <em>dangerous</em> mode of operation. It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you published that history already. Do <strong>not</strong> use this option unless you have read <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> carefully. </td> </tr> </table> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-rebase</dt> <dd> <p>This is shorthand for --rebase=false.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_options_related_to_fetching">Options related to fetching</h3> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]all</dt> <dd> <p>Fetch all remotes. This overrides the configuration variable <code>fetch.all</code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-a</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--append</dt> <dd> <p>Append ref names and object names of fetched refs to the existing contents of <code>.git/FETCH_HEAD</code>. Without this option old data in <code>.git/FETCH_HEAD</code> will be overwritten.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--atomic</dt> <dd> <p>Use an atomic transaction to update local refs. Either all refs are updated, or on error, no refs are updated.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--depth=<depth></dt> <dd> <p>Limit fetching to the specified number of commits from the tip of each remote branch history. If fetching to a <em>shallow</em> repository created by <code>git clone</code> with <code>--depth=<depth></code> option (see <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>), deepen or shorten the history to the specified number of commits. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--deepen=<depth></dt> <dd> <p>Similar to --depth, except it specifies the number of commits from the current shallow boundary instead of from the tip of each remote branch history.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--shallow-since=<date></dt> <dd> <p>Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to include all reachable commits after <date>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--shallow-exclude=<revision></dt> <dd> <p>Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to exclude commits reachable from a specified remote branch or tag. This option can be specified multiple times.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--unshallow</dt> <dd> <p>If the source repository is complete, convert a shallow repository to a complete one, removing all the limitations imposed by shallow repositories.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the source repository is shallow, fetch as much as possible so that the current repository has the same history as the source repository.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--update-shallow</dt> <dd> <p>By default when fetching from a shallow repository, <code>git fetch</code> refuses refs that require updating .git/shallow. This option updates .git/shallow and accepts such refs.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--negotiation-tip=<commit|glob></dt> <dd> <p>By default, Git will report, to the server, commits reachable from all local refs to find common commits in an attempt to reduce the size of the to-be-received packfile. If specified, Git will only report commits reachable from the given tips. This is useful to speed up fetches when the user knows which local ref is likely to have commits in common with the upstream ref being fetched.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This option may be specified more than once; if so, Git will report commits reachable from any of the given commits.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The argument to this option may be a glob on ref names, a ref, or the (possibly abbreviated) SHA-1 of a commit. Specifying a glob is equivalent to specifying this option multiple times, one for each matching ref name.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See also the <code>fetch.negotiationAlgorithm</code> and <code>push.negotiate</code> configuration variables documented in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>, and the <code>--negotiate-only</code> option below.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--negotiate-only</dt> <dd> <p>Do not fetch anything from the server, and instead print the ancestors of the provided <code>--negotiation-tip=*</code> arguments, which we have in common with the server.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This is incompatible with <code>--recurse-submodules=[yes|on-demand]</code>. Internally this is used to implement the <code>push.negotiate</code> option, see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--dry-run</dt> <dd> <p>Show what would be done, without making any changes.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--porcelain</dt> <dd> <p>Print the output to standard output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts. See section OUTPUT in <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> for details.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This is incompatible with <code>--recurse-su