tea-test-dao

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.17"/> <title>git-format-patch(1)</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/> <style> /*! Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */ /* Uncomment the following line when using as a custom stylesheet */ /* @import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"; */ html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%} a{background:none} a:focus{outline:thin dotted} a:active,a:hover{outline:0} h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0} b,strong{font-weight:bold} abbr{font-size:.9em} abbr[title]{cursor:help;border-bottom:1px dotted #dddddf;text-decoration:none} dfn{font-style:italic} hr{height:0} mark{background:#ff0;color:#000} code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em} pre{white-space:pre-wrap} q{quotes:"\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"} small{font-size:80%} sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline} sup{top:-.5em} sub{bottom:-.25em} img{border:0} svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden} figure{margin:0} audio,video{display:inline-block} audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0} fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em} legend{border:0;padding:0} button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0} button,input{line-height:normal} button,select{text-transform:none} button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer} button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default} input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{padding:0} button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0} textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top} table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0} *,::before,::after{box-sizing:border-box} html,body{font-size:100%} body{background:#fff;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:0;margin:0;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;line-height:1;position:relative;cursor:auto;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;word-wrap:anywhere;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased} a:hover{cursor:pointer} img,object,embed{max-width:100%;height:auto} object,embed{height:100%} img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic} .left{float:left!important} .right{float:right!important} .text-left{text-align:left!important} .text-right{text-align:right!important} .text-center{text-align:center!important} .text-justify{text-align:justify!important} .hide{display:none} img,object,svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle} textarea{height:auto;min-height:50px} select{width:100%} .subheader,.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{line-height:1.45;color:#7a2518;font-weight:400;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.25em} div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,p,blockquote,th,td{margin:0;padding:0} a{color:#2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit} a:hover,a:focus{color:#1d4b8f} a img{border:0} p{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility} p aside{font-size:.875em;line-height:1.35;font-style:italic} h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:300;font-style:normal;color:#ba3925;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:.5em;line-height:1.0125em} h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,#toctitle small,.sidebarblock>.content>.title small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small{font-size:60%;color:#e99b8f;line-height:0} h1{font-size:2.125em} h2{font-size:1.6875em} h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.375em} h4,h5{font-size:1.125em} h6{font-size:1em} hr{border:solid #dddddf;border-width:1px 0 0;clear:both;margin:1.25em 0 1.1875em} em,i{font-style:italic;line-height:inherit} strong,b{font-weight:bold;line-height:inherit} small{font-size:60%;line-height:inherit} code{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)} ul,ol,dl{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;list-style-position:outside;font-family:inherit} ul,ol{margin-left:1.5em} ul li ul,ul li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0} ul.square li ul,ul.circle li ul,ul.disc li ul{list-style:inherit} ul.square{list-style-type:square} ul.circle{list-style-type:circle} ul.disc{list-style-type:disc} ol li ul,ol li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0} dl dt{margin-bottom:.3125em;font-weight:bold} dl dd{margin-bottom:1.25em} blockquote{margin:0 0 1.25em;padding:.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em;border-left:1px solid #ddd} blockquote,blockquote p{line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)} @media screen and (min-width:768px){h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2} h1{font-size:2.75em} h2{font-size:2.3125em} h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.6875em} h4{font-size:1.4375em}} table{background:#fff;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:1px solid #dedede;word-wrap:normal} table thead,table tfoot{background:#f7f8f7} table thead tr th,table thead tr td,table tfoot tr th,table tfoot tr td{padding:.5em .625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);text-align:left} table tr th,table tr td{padding:.5625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)} table tr.even,table tr.alt{background:#f8f8f7} table thead tr th,table tfoot tr th,table tbody tr td,table tr td,table tfoot tr td{line-height:1.6} h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2;word-spacing:-.05em} h1 strong,h2 strong,h3 strong,#toctitle strong,.sidebarblock>.content>.title strong,h4 strong,h5 strong,h6 strong{font-weight:400} .center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .stretch{width:100%} .clearfix::before,.clearfix::after,.float-group::before,.float-group::after{content:" ";display:table} .clearfix::after,.float-group::after{clear:both} :not(pre).nobreak{word-wrap:normal} :not(pre).nowrap{white-space:nowrap} :not(pre).pre-wrap{white-space:pre-wrap} :not(pre):not([class^=L])>code{font-size:.9375em;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:0;padding:.1em .5ex;word-spacing:-.15em;background:#f7f7f8;border-radius:4px;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed} pre{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9);font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed} pre code,pre pre{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit} pre>code{display:block} pre.nowrap,pre.nowrap pre{white-space:pre;word-wrap:normal} em em{font-style:normal} strong strong{font-weight:400} .keyseq{color:rgba(51,51,51,.8)} kbd{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;display:inline-block;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-size:.65em;line-height:1.45;background:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),inset 0 0 0 .1em #fff;margin:0 .15em;padding:.2em .5em;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-.1em;white-space:nowrap} .keyseq kbd:first-child{margin-left:0} .keyseq kbd:last-child{margin-right:0} .menuseq,.menuref{color:#000} .menuseq b:not(.caret),.menuref{font-weight:inherit} .menuseq{word-spacing:-.02em} .menuseq b.caret{font-size:1.25em;line-height:.8} .menuseq i.caret{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;width:.45em} b.button::before,b.button::after{position:relative;top:-1px;font-weight:400} b.button::before{content:"[";padding:0 3px 0 2px} b.button::after{content:"]";padding:0 2px 0 3px} p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)} #header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{width:100%;margin:0 auto;max-width:62.5em;*zoom:1;position:relative;padding-left:.9375em;padding-right:.9375em} #header::before,#header::after,#content::before,#content::after,#footnotes::before,#footnotes::after,#footer::before,#footer::after{content:" ";display:table} #header::after,#content::after,#footnotes::after,#footer::after{clear:both} #content{margin-top:1.25em} #content::before{content:none} #header>h1:first-child{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:0} #header>h1:first-child+#toc{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid #dddddf} #header>h1:only-child,body.toc2 #header>h1:nth-last-child(2){border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px} #header .details{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;line-height:1.45;padding-top:.25em;padding-bottom:.25em;padding-left:.25em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap} #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:-.125em} #header .details span.email a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)} #header .details br{display:none} #header .details br+span::before{content:"\00a0\2013\00a0"} #header .details br+span.author::before{content:"\00a0\22c5\00a0";color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)} #header .details br+span#revremark::before{content:"\00a0|\00a0"} #header #revnumber{text-transform:capitalize} #header #revnumber::after{content:"\00a0"} #content>h1:first-child:not([class]){color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px;margin-top:0;padding-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem} #toc{border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e9;padding-bottom:.5em} #toc>ul{margin-left:.125em} #toc ul.sectlevel0>li>a{font-style:italic} #toc ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{margin:.5em 0} #toc ul{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;list-style-type:none} #toc li{line-height:1.3334;margin-top:.3334em} #toc a{text-decoration:none} #toc a:active{text-decoration:underline} #toctitle{color:#7a2518;font-size:1.2em} @media screen and (min-width:768px){#toctitle{font-size:1.375em} body.toc2{padding-left:15em;padding-right:0} #toc.toc2{margin-top:0!important;background:#f8f8f7;position:fixed;width:15em;left:0;top:0;border-right:1px solid #e7e7e9;border-top-width:0!important;border-bottom-width:0!important;z-index:1000;padding:1.25em 1em;height:100%;overflow:auto} #toc.toc2 #toctitle{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-size:1.2em} #toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.9em;margin-bottom:0} #toc.toc2 ul ul{margin-left:0;padding-left:1em} #toc.toc2 ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{padding-left:0;margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:.5em} body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:15em} body.toc2.toc-right #toc.toc2{border-right-width:0;border-left:1px solid #e7e7e9;left:auto;right:0}} @media screen and (min-width:1280px){body.toc2{padding-left:20em;padding-right:0} #toc.toc2{width:20em} #toc.toc2 #toctitle{font-size:1.375em} #toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.95em} #toc.toc2 ul ul{padding-left:1.25em} body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:20em}} #content #toc{border:1px solid #e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;border-radius:4px} #content #toc>:first-child{margin-top:0} #content #toc>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} #footer{max-width:none;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:1.25em} #footer-text{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.8);line-height:1.44} #content{margin-bottom:.625em} .sect1{padding-bottom:.625em} @media screen and (min-width:768px){#content{margin-bottom:1.25em} .sect1{padding-bottom:1.25em}} .sect1:last-child{padding-bottom:0} .sect1+.sect1{border-top:1px solid #e7e7e9} #content h1>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor,#toctitle>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor{position:absolute;z-index:1001;width:1.5ex;margin-left:-1.5ex;display:block;text-decoration:none!important;visibility:hidden;text-align:center;font-weight:400} #content h1>a.anchor::before,h2>a.anchor::before,h3>a.anchor::before,#toctitle>a.anchor::before,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor::before,h4>a.anchor::before,h5>a.anchor::before,h6>a.anchor::before{content:"\00A7";font-size:.85em;display:block;padding-top:.1em} #content h1:hover>a.anchor,#content h1>a.anchor:hover,h2:hover>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor:hover,h3:hover>a.anchor,#toctitle:hover>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title:hover>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor:hover,#toctitle>a.anchor:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor:hover,h4:hover>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor:hover,h5:hover>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor:hover,h6:hover>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor:hover{visibility:visible} #content h1>a.link,h2>a.link,h3>a.link,#toctitle>a.link,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link,h4>a.link,h5>a.link,h6>a.link{color:#ba3925;text-decoration:none} #content h1>a.link:hover,h2>a.link:hover,h3>a.link:hover,#toctitle>a.link:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link:hover,h4>a.link:hover,h5>a.link:hover,h6>a.link:hover{color:#a53221} details,.audioblock,.imageblock,.literalblock,.listingblock,.stemblock,.videoblock{margin-bottom:1.25em} details{margin-left:1.25rem} details>summary{cursor:pointer;display:block;position:relative;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:.625rem;outline:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent} details>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} details>summary::before{content:"";border:solid transparent;border-left:solid;border-width:.3em 0 .3em .5em;position:absolute;top:.5em;left:-1.25rem;transform:translateX(15%)} details[open]>summary::before{border:solid transparent;border-top:solid;border-width:.5em .3em 0;transform:translateY(15%)} details>summary::after{content:"";width:1.25rem;height:1em;position:absolute;top:.3em;left:-1.25rem} .admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;text-align:left;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;font-size:1rem;font-style:italic} table.tableblock.fit-content>caption.title{white-space:nowrap;width:0} .paragraph.lead>p,#preamble>.sectionbody>[class=paragraph]:first-of-type p{font-size:1.21875em;line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)} .admonitionblock>table{border-collapse:separate;border:0;background:none;width:100%} .admonitionblock>table td.icon{text-align:center;width:80px} .admonitionblock>table td.icon img{max-width:none} .admonitionblock>table td.icon .title{font-weight:bold;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase} .admonitionblock>table td.content{padding-left:1.125em;padding-right:1.25em;border-left:1px solid #dddddf;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);word-wrap:anywhere} .admonitionblock>table td.content>:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} .exampleblock>.content{border:1px solid #e6e6e6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#fff;border-radius:4px} .exampleblock>.content>:first-child{margin-top:0} .exampleblock>.content>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} .sidebarblock{border:1px solid #dbdbd6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f3f3f2;border-radius:4px} .sidebarblock>:first-child{margin-top:0} .sidebarblock>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} .sidebarblock>.content>.title{color:#7a2518;margin-top:0;text-align:center} .exampleblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} .literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{border-radius:4px;overflow-x:auto;padding:1em;font-size:.8125em} @media screen and (min-width:768px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:.90625em}} @media screen and (min-width:1280px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:1em}} .literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre:not(.highlight),.listingblock>.content>pre[class=highlight],.listingblock>.content>pre[class^="highlight "]{background:#f7f7f8} .literalblock.output pre{color:#f7f7f8;background:rgba(0,0,0,.9)} .listingblock>.content{position:relative} .listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:none;content:attr(data-lang);position:absolute;font-size:.75em;top:.425rem;right:.5rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase;color:inherit;opacity:.5} .listingblock:hover code[data-lang]::before{display:block} .listingblock.terminal pre .command::before{content:attr(data-prompt);padding-right:.5em;color:inherit;opacity:.5} .listingblock.terminal pre .command:not([data-prompt])::before{content:"$"} .listingblock pre.highlightjs{padding:0} .listingblock pre.highlightjs>code{padding:1em;border-radius:4px} .listingblock pre.prettyprint{border-width:0} .prettyprint{background:#f7f7f8} pre.prettyprint .linenums{line-height:1.45;margin-left:2em} pre.prettyprint li{background:none;list-style-type:inherit;padding-left:0} pre.prettyprint li code[data-lang]::before{opacity:1} pre.prettyprint li:not(:first-child) code[data-lang]::before{display:none} table.linenotable{border-collapse:separate;border:0;margin-bottom:0;background:none} table.linenotable td[class]{color:inherit;vertical-align:top;padding:0;line-height:inherit;white-space:normal} table.linenotable td.code{padding-left:.75em} table.linenotable td.linenos,pre.pygments .linenos{border-right:1px solid;opacity:.35;padding-right:.5em;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none} pre.pygments span.linenos{display:inline-block;margin-right:.75em} .quoteblock{margin:0 1em 1.25em 1.5em;display:table} .quoteblock:not(.excerpt)>.title{margin-left:-1.5em;margin-bottom:.75em} .quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock p{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.75;word-spacing:.1em;letter-spacing:0;font-style:italic;text-align:justify} .quoteblock blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border:0} .quoteblock blockquote::before{content:"\201c";float:left;font-size:2.75em;font-weight:bold;line-height:.6em;margin-left:-.6em;color:#7a2518;text-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1)} .quoteblock blockquote>.paragraph:last-child p{margin-bottom:0} .quoteblock .attribution{margin-top:.75em;margin-right:.5ex;text-align:right} .verseblock{margin:0 1em 1.25em} .verseblock pre{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-size:1.15rem;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);font-weight:300;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility} .verseblock pre strong{font-weight:400} .verseblock .attribution{margin-top:1.25rem;margin-left:.5ex} .quoteblock .attribution,.verseblock .attribution{font-size:.9375em;line-height:1.45;font-style:italic} .quoteblock .attribution br,.verseblock .attribution br{display:none} .quoteblock .attribution cite,.verseblock .attribution cite{display:block;letter-spacing:-.025em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)} .quoteblock.abstract blockquote::before,.quoteblock.excerpt blockquote::before,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote::before{display:none} .quoteblock.abstract blockquote,.quoteblock.abstract p,.quoteblock.excerpt blockquote,.quoteblock.excerpt p,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock p{line-height:1.6;word-spacing:0} .quoteblock.abstract{margin:0 1em 1.25em;display:block} .quoteblock.abstract>.title{margin:0 0 .375em;font-size:1.15em;text-align:center} .quoteblock.excerpt>blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock{padding:0 0 .25em 1em;border-left:.25em solid #dddddf} .quoteblock.excerpt,.quoteblock .quoteblock{margin-left:0} .quoteblock.excerpt blockquote,.quoteblock.excerpt p,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock p{color:inherit;font-size:1.0625rem} .quoteblock.excerpt .attribution,.quoteblock .quoteblock .attribution{color:inherit;font-size:.85rem;text-align:left;margin-right:0} p.tableblock:last-child{margin-bottom:0} td.tableblock>.content{margin-bottom:1.25em;word-wrap:anywhere} td.tableblock>.content>:last-child{margin-bottom:-1.25em} table.tableblock,th.tableblock,td.tableblock{border:0 solid #dedede} table.grid-all>*>tr>*{border-width:1px} table.grid-cols>*>tr>*{border-width:0 1px} table.grid-rows>*>tr>*{border-width:1px 0} table.frame-all{border-width:1px} table.frame-ends{border-width:1px 0} table.frame-sides{border-width:0 1px} table.frame-none>colgroup+*>:first-child>*,table.frame-sides>colgroup+*>:first-child>*{border-top-width:0} table.frame-none>:last-child>:last-child>*,table.frame-sides>:last-child>:last-child>*{border-bottom-width:0} table.frame-none>*>tr>:first-child,table.frame-ends>*>tr>:first-child{border-left-width:0} table.frame-none>*>tr>:last-child,table.frame-ends>*>tr>:last-child{border-right-width:0} table.stripes-all>*>tr,table.stripes-odd>*>tr:nth-of-type(odd),table.stripes-even>*>tr:nth-of-type(even),table.stripes-hover>*>tr:hover{background:#f8f8f7} th.halign-left,td.halign-left{text-align:left} th.halign-right,td.halign-right{text-align:right} th.halign-center,td.halign-center{text-align:center} th.valign-top,td.valign-top{vertical-align:top} th.valign-bottom,td.valign-bottom{vertical-align:bottom} th.valign-middle,td.valign-middle{vertical-align:middle} table thead th,table tfoot th{font-weight:bold} tbody tr th{background:#f7f8f7} tbody tr th,tbody tr th p,tfoot tr th,tfoot tr th p{color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-weight:bold} p.tableblock>code:only-child{background:none;padding:0} p.tableblock{font-size:1em} ol{margin-left:1.75em} ul li ol{margin-left:1.5em} dl dd{margin-left:1.125em} dl dd:last-child,dl dd:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} li p,ul dd,ol dd,.olist .olist,.ulist .ulist,.ulist .olist,.olist .ulist{margin-bottom:.625em} ul.checklist,ul.none,ol.none,ul.no-bullet,ol.no-bullet,ol.unnumbered,ul.unstyled,ol.unstyled{list-style-type:none} ul.no-bullet,ol.no-bullet,ol.unnumbered{margin-left:.625em} ul.unstyled,ol.unstyled{margin-left:0} li>p:empty:only-child::before{content:"";display:inline-block} ul.checklist>li>p:first-child{margin-left:-1em} ul.checklist>li>p:first-child>.fa-square-o:first-child,ul.checklist>li>p:first-child>.fa-check-square-o:first-child{width:1.25em;font-size:.8em;position:relative;bottom:.125em} ul.checklist>li>p:first-child>input[type=checkbox]:first-child{margin-right:.25em} ul.inline{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;list-style:none;margin:0 0 .625em -1.25em} ul.inline>li{margin-left:1.25em} .unstyled dl dt{font-weight:400;font-style:normal} ol.arabic{list-style-type:decimal} ol.decimal{list-style-type:decimal-leading-zero} ol.loweralpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha} ol.upperalpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha} ol.lowerroman{list-style-type:lower-roman} ol.upperroman{list-style-type:upper-roman} ol.lowergreek{list-style-type:lower-greek} .hdlist>table,.colist>table{border:0;background:none} .hdlist>table>tbody>tr,.colist>table>tbody>tr{background:none} td.hdlist1,td.hdlist2{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .625em} td.hdlist1{font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:1.25em} td.hdlist2{word-wrap:anywhere} .literalblock+.colist,.listingblock+.colist{margin-top:-.5em} .colist td:not([class]):first-child{padding:.4em .75em 0;line-height:1;vertical-align:top} .colist td:not([class]):first-child img{max-width:none} .colist td:not([class]):last-child{padding:.25em 0} .thumb,.th{line-height:0;display:inline-block;border:4px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ddd} .imageblock.left{margin:.25em .625em 1.25em 0} .imageblock.right{margin:.25em 0 1.25em .625em} .imageblock>.title{margin-bottom:0} .imageblock.thumb,.imageblock.th{border-width:6px} .imageblock.thumb>.title,.imageblock.th>.title{padding:0 .125em} .image.left,.image.right{margin-top:.25em;margin-bottom:.25em;display:inline-block;line-height:0} .image.left{margin-right:.625em} .image.right{margin-left:.625em} a.image{text-decoration:none;display:inline-block} a.image object{pointer-events:none} sup.footnote,sup.footnoteref{font-size:.875em;position:static;vertical-align:super} sup.footnote a,sup.footnoteref a{text-decoration:none} sup.footnote a:active,sup.footnoteref a:active{text-decoration:underline} #footnotes{padding-top:.75em;padding-bottom:.75em;margin-bottom:.625em} #footnotes hr{width:20%;min-width:6.25em;margin:-.25em 0 .75em;border-width:1px 0 0} #footnotes .footnote{padding:0 .375em 0 .225em;line-height:1.3334;font-size:.875em;margin-left:1.2em;margin-bottom:.2em} #footnotes .footnote a:first-of-type{font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;margin-left:-1.05em} #footnotes .footnote:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0} #content #footnotes{margin-top:-.625em;margin-bottom:0;padding:.75em 0} div.unbreakable{page-break-inside:avoid} .big{font-size:larger} .small{font-size:smaller} .underline{text-decoration:underline} .overline{text-decoration:overline} .line-through{text-decoration:line-through} .aqua{color:#00bfbf} .aqua-background{background:#00fafa} .black{color:#000} .black-background{background:#000} .blue{color:#0000bf} .blue-background{background:#0000fa} .fuchsia{color:#bf00bf} .fuchsia-background{background:#fa00fa} .gray{color:#606060} .gray-background{background:#7d7d7d} .green{color:#006000} .green-background{background:#007d00} .lime{color:#00bf00} .lime-background{background:#00fa00} .maroon{color:#600000} .maroon-background{background:#7d0000} .navy{color:#000060} .navy-background{background:#00007d} .olive{color:#606000} .olive-background{background:#7d7d00} .purple{color:#600060} .purple-background{background:#7d007d} .red{color:#bf0000} .red-background{background:#fa0000} .silver{color:#909090} .silver-background{background:#bcbcbc} .teal{color:#006060} .teal-background{background:#007d7d} .white{color:#bfbfbf} .white-background{background:#fafafa} .yellow{color:#bfbf00} .yellow-background{background:#fafa00} span.icon>.fa{cursor:default} a span.icon>.fa{cursor:inherit} .admonitionblock td.icon [class^="fa icon-"]{font-size:2.5em;text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.5);cursor:default} .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-note::before{content:"\f05a";color:#19407c} .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-tip::before{content:"\f0eb";text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(155,155,0,.8);color:#111} .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-warning::before{content:"\f071";color:#bf6900} .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-caution::before{content:"\f06d";color:#bf3400} .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-important::before{content:"\f06a";color:#bf0000} .conum[data-value]{display:inline-block;color:#fff!important;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);border-radius:50%;text-align:center;font-size:.75em;width:1.67em;height:1.67em;line-height:1.67em;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold} .conum[data-value] *{color:#fff!important} .conum[data-value]+b{display:none} .conum[data-value]::after{content:attr(data-value)} pre .conum[data-value]{position:relative;top:-.125em} b.conum *{color:inherit!important} .conum:not([data-value]):empty{display:none} dt,th.tableblock,td.content,div.footnote{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility} h1,h2,p,td.content,span.alt,summary{letter-spacing:-.01em} p strong,td.content strong,div.footnote strong{letter-spacing:-.005em} p,blockquote,dt,td.content,span.alt,summary{font-size:1.0625rem} p{margin-bottom:1.25rem} .sidebarblock p,.sidebarblock dt,.sidebarblock td.content,p.tableblock{font-size:1em} .exampleblock>.content{background:#fffef7;border-color:#e0e0dc;box-shadow:0 1px 4px #e0e0dc} .print-only{display:none!important} @page{margin:1.25cm .75cm} @media print{*{box-shadow:none!important;text-shadow:none!important} html{font-size:80%} a{color:inherit!important;text-decoration:underline!important} a.bare,a[href^="#"],a[href^="mailto:"]{text-decoration:none!important} a[href^="http:"]:not(.bare)::after,a[href^="https:"]:not(.bare)::after{content:"(" attr(href) ")";display:inline-block;font-size:.875em;padding-left:.25em} abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted} abbr[title]::after{content:" (" attr(title) ")"} pre,blockquote,tr,img,object,svg{page-break-inside:avoid} thead{display:table-header-group} svg{max-width:100%} p,blockquote,dt,td.content{font-size:1em;orphans:3;widows:3} h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{page-break-after:avoid} #header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{max-width:none} #toc,.sidebarblock,.exampleblock>.content{background:none!important} #toc{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf!important;padding-bottom:0!important} body.book #header{text-align:center} body.book #header>h1:first-child{border:0!important;margin:2.5em 0 1em} body.book #header .details{border:0!important;display:block;padding:0!important} body.book #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:0!important} body.book #header .details br{display:block} body.book #header .details br+span::before{content:none!important} body.book #toc{border:0!important;text-align:left!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important} body.book #toc,body.book #preamble,body.book h1.sect0,body.book .sect1>h2{page-break-before:always} .listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:block} #footer{padding:0 .9375em} .hide-on-print{display:none!important} .print-only{display:block!important} .hide-for-print{display:none!important} .show-for-print{display:inherit!important}} @media amzn-kf8,print{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem} .sect1{padding:0!important} .sect1+.sect1{border:0} #footer{background:none} #footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}} @media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}} </style> </head> <body class="manpage"> <div id="header"> <h1>git-format-patch(1) Manual Page</h1> <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-format-patch - Prepare patches for e-mail submission</p> </div> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="verseblock"> <pre class="content"><em>git format-patch</em> [-k] [(-o|--output-directory) <dir> | --stdout] [--no-thread | --thread[=<style>]] [(--attach|--inline)[=<boundary>] | --no-attach] [-s | --signoff] [--signature=<signature> | --no-signature] [--signature-file=<file>] [-n | --numbered | -N | --no-numbered] [--start-number <n>] [--numbered-files] [--in-reply-to=<message-id>] [--suffix=.<sfx>] [--ignore-if-in-upstream] [--always] [--cover-from-description=<mode>] [--rfc] [--subject-prefix=<subject-prefix>] [(--reroll-count|-v) <n>] [--to=<email>] [--cc=<email>] [--[no-]cover-letter] [--quiet] [--[no-]encode-email-headers] [--no-notes | --notes[=<ref>]] [--interdiff=<previous>] [--range-diff=<previous> [--creation-factor=<percent>]] [--filename-max-length=<n>] [--progress] [<common-diff-options>] [ <since> | <revision-range> ]</pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Prepare each non-merge commit with its "patch" in one "message" per commit, formatted to resemble a UNIX mailbox. The output of this command is convenient for e-mail submission or for use with <em>git am</em>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>A "message" generated by the command consists of three parts:</p> </div> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p>A brief metadata header that begins with <code>From <commit></code> with a fixed <code>Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001</code> datestamp to help programs like "file(1)" to recognize that the file is an output from this command, fields that record the author identity, the author date, and the title of the change (taken from the first paragraph of the commit log message).</p> </li> <li> <p>The second and subsequent paragraphs of the commit log message.</p> </li> <li> <p>The "patch", which is the "diff -p --stat" output (see <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a>) between the commit and its parent.</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The log message and the patch are separated by a line with a three-dash line.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>There are two ways to specify which commits to operate on.</p> </div> <div class="olist arabic"> <ol class="arabic"> <li> <p>A single commit, <since>, specifies that the commits leading to the tip of the current branch that are not in the history that leads to the <since> to be output.</p> </li> <li> <p>Generic <revision-range> expression (see "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>) means the commits in the specified range.</p> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The first rule takes precedence in the case of a single <commit>. To apply the second rule, i.e., format everything since the beginning of history up until <commit>, use the <code>--root</code> option: <code>git format-patch --root <commit></code>. If you want to format only <commit> itself, you can do this with <code>git format-patch -1 <commit></code>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>By default, each output file is numbered sequentially from 1, and uses the first line of the commit message (massaged for pathname safety) as the filename. With the <code>--numbered-files</code> option, the output file names will only be numbers, without the first line of the commit appended. The names of the output files are printed to standard output, unless the <code>--stdout</code> option is specified.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If <code>-o</code> is specified, output files are created in <dir>. Otherwise they are created in the current working directory. The default path can be set with the <code>format.outputDirectory</code> configuration option. The <code>-o</code> option takes precedence over <code>format.outputDirectory</code>. To store patches in the current working directory even when <code>format.outputDirectory</code> points elsewhere, use <code>-o .</code>. All directory components will be created.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] " followed by the concatenation of lines from the commit message up to the first blank line (see the DISCUSSION section of <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a>).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>When multiple patches are output, the subject prefix will instead be "[PATCH n/m] ". To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use <code>-n</code>. To omit patch numbers from the subject, use <code>-N</code>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If given <code>--thread</code>, <code>git-format-patch</code> will generate <code>In-Reply-To</code> and <code>References</code> headers to make the second and subsequent patch mails appear as replies to the first mail; this also generates a <code>Message-ID</code> header to reference.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1">-p</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-stat</dt> <dd> <p>Generate plain patches without any diffstats.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-U<n></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--unified=<n></dt> <dd> <p>Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of the usual three.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--output=<file></dt> <dd> <p>Output to a specific file instead of stdout.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--output-indicator-new=<char></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--output-indicator-old=<char></dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--output-indicator-context=<char></dt> <dd> <p>Specify the character used to indicate new, old or context lines in the generated patch. Normally they are <em>+</em>, <em>-</em> and ' ' respectively.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--indent-heuristic</dt> <dd> <p>Enable the heuristic that shifts diff hunk boundaries to make patches easier to read. This is the default.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-indent-heuristic</dt> <dd> <p>Disable the indent heuristic.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--minimal</dt> <dd> <p>Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is produced.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--patience</dt> <dd> <p>Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--histogram</dt> <dd> <p>Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--anchored=<text></dt> <dd> <p>Generate a diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This option may be specified more than once.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once, and starts with this text, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from appearing as a deletion or addition in the output. It uses the "patience diff" algorithm internally.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}</dt> <dd> <p>Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:</p> <div class="openblock"> <div class="content"> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>default</code>, <code>myers</code></dt> <dd> <p>The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>minimal</code></dt> <dd> <p>Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is produced.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>patience</code></dt> <dd> <p>Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>histogram</code></dt> <dd> <p>This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support low-occurrence common elements".</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>For instance, if you configured the <code>diff.algorithm</code> variable to a non-default value and want to use the default one, then you have to use <code>--diff-algorithm=default</code> option.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]</dt> <dd> <p>Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by <code><width></code>. The width of the filename part can be limited by giving another width <code><name-width></code> after a comma or by setting <code>diff.statNameWidth=<width></code>. The width of the graph part can be limited by using <code>--stat-graph-width=<width></code> or by setting <code>diff.statGraphWidth=<width></code>. Using <code>--stat</code> or <code>--stat-graph-width</code> affects all commands generating a stat graph, while setting <code>diff.statNameWidth</code> or <code>diff.statGraphWidth</code> does not affect <code>git format-patch</code>. By giving a third parameter <code><count></code>, you can limit the output to the first <code><count></code> lines, followed by <code>...</code> if there are more.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>These parameters can also be set individually with <code>--stat-width=<width></code>, <code>--stat-name-width=<name-width></code> and <code>--stat-count=<count></code>.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--compact-summary</dt> <dd> <p>Output a condensed summary of extended header information such as file creations or deletions ("new" or "gone", optionally "+l" if it’s a symlink) and mode changes ("+x" or "-x" for adding or removing executable bit respectively) in diffstat. The information is put between the filename part and the graph part. Implies <code>--stat</code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--numstat</dt> <dd> <p>Similar to <code>--stat</code>, but shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For binary files, outputs two <code>-</code> instead of saying <code>0 0</code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--shortstat</dt> <dd> <p>Output only the last line of the <code>--stat</code> format containing total number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted lines.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-X[<param1,param2,…>]</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--dirstat[=<param1,param2,…>]</dt> <dd> <p>Output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each sub-directory. The behavior of <code>--dirstat</code> can be customized by passing it a comma separated list of parameters. The defaults are controlled by the <code>diff.dirstat</code> configuration variable (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). The following parameters are available:</p> <div class="openblock"> <div class="content"> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>changes</code></dt> <dd> <p>Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the lines that have been removed from the source, or added to the destination. This ignores the amount of pure code movements within a file. In other words, rearranging lines in a file is not counted as much as other changes. This is the default behavior when no parameter is given.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>lines</code></dt> <dd> <p>Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff analysis, and summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary files, count 64-byte chunks instead, since binary files have no natural concept of lines). This is a more expensive <code>--dirstat</code> behavior than the <code>changes</code> behavior, but it does count rearranged lines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output is consistent with what you get from the other <code>--*stat</code> options.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>files</code></dt> <dd> <p>Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the number of files changed. Each changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is the computationally cheapest <code>--dirstat</code> behavior, since it does not have to look at the file contents at all.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>cumulative</code></dt> <dd> <p>Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well. Note that when using <code>cumulative</code>, the sum of the percentages reported may exceed 100%. The default (non-cumulative) behavior can be specified with the <code>noncumulative</code> parameter.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><limit></dt> <dd> <p>An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default). Directories contributing less than this percentage of the changes are not shown in the output.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files, and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories: <code>--dirstat=files,10,cumulative</code>.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--cumulative</dt> <dd> <p>Synonym for --dirstat=cumulative</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--dirstat-by-file[=<param1,param2>…]</dt> <dd> <p>Synonym for --dirstat=files,<param1>,<param2>…</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--summary</dt> <dd> <p>Output a condensed summary of extended header information such as creations, renames and mode changes.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--no-renames</dt> <dd> <p>Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration file gives the default to do so.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]rename-empty</dt> <dd> <p>Whether to use empty blobs as rename source.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--full-index</dt> <dd> <p>Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full pre- and post-image blob object names on the "index" line when generating patch format output.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--binary</dt> <dd> <p>In addition to <code>--full-index</code>, output a binary diff that can be applied with <code>git-apply</code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--abbrev[=<n>]</dt> <dd> <p>Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header lines, show the shortest prefix that is at least <em><n></em> hexdigits long that uniquely refers the object. In diff-patch output format, <code>--full-index</code> takes higher precedence, i.e. if <code>--full-index</code> is specified, full blob names will be shown regardless of <code>--abbrev</code>. Non default number of digits can be specified with <code>--abbrev=<n></code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-B[<n>][/<m>]</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--break-rewrites[=[<n>][/<m>]]</dt> <dd> <p>Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create. This serves two purposes:</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>It affects the way a change that amounts to a total rewrite of a file not as a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with a very few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the source of a rename (usually -M only considers a file that disappeared as the source of a rename), and the number <code>n</code> controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 50%). <code>-B20%</code> specifies that a change with addition and deletion compared to 20% or more of the file’s size are eligible for being picked up as a possible source of a rename to another file.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-M[<n>]</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--find-renames[=<n>]</dt> <dd> <p>Detect renames. If <code>n</code> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means Git should consider a delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file hasn’t changed. Without a <code>%</code> sign, the number is to be read as a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes 0.5, and is thus the same as <code>-M50%</code>. Similarly, <code>-M05</code> is the same as <code>-M5%</code>. To limit detection to exact renames, use <code>-M100%</code>. The default similarity index is 50%.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-C[<n>]</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--find-copies[=<n>]</dt> <dd> <p>Detect copies as well as renames. See also <code>--find-copies-harder</code>. If <code>n</code> is specified, it has the same meaning as for <code>-M<n></code>.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">--find-copies-harder</dt> <dd> <p>For performance reasons, by default, <code>-C</code> option finds copies only if the original file of the copy was modified in the same changeset. This flag makes the command inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of copy. This is a very expensive operation for large projects, so use it with caution. Giving more than one <code>-C</code> option has the same effect.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-D</dt> <dt class="hdlist1">--irreversible-delete</dt> <dd> <p>Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not the diff between the preimage and <code>/dev/null</code>. The resulting patch is not meant to be applied with <code>patch</code> or <code>git apply</code>; this is solely for people who want to just concentrate on reviewing the text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lacks enough information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually, hence the name of the option.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>When used together with <code>-B</code>, omit also the preimage in the deletion part of a delete/create pair.</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">-l<num></dt> <dd> <p>The <code>-M</code> and <code>-C</code> options involve some preliminary steps that can detect subsets of renames/copies cheaply, followed by an exhaustive fallback portion that compares all remaining unpaired destinations to all relevant sources. (For renames, only remaining unpaired sources are relevant; for copies, all original sources are relevant.) For N sources and destinations, this exhaustive check is O(N^2). This option prevents the exhaustive portion of rename/copy detection from running if the number of source/destination files involved exceeds the specified number. Defaults to diff.renameLimit. No