tea-test-dao
Version:
[C[CHello Tea
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<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>git-diff(1) Manual Page</h1>
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-diff - Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content"><em>git diff</em> [<options>] [<commit>] [--] [<path>…​]
<em>git diff</em> [<options>] --cached [--merge-base] [<commit>] [--] [<path>…​]
<em>git diff</em> [<options>] [--merge-base] <commit> [<commit>…​] <commit> [--] [<path>…​]
<em>git diff</em> [<options>] <commit>…​<commit> [--] [<path>…​]
<em>git diff</em> [<options>] <blob> <blob>
<em>git diff</em> [<options>] --no-index [--] <path> <path></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Show changes between the working tree and the index or a tree, changes
between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, changes resulting
from a merge, changes between two blob objects, or changes between two
files on disk.</p>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><em>git diff</em> [<options>] [--] [<path>…​]</dt>
<dd>
<p>This form is to view the changes you made relative to
the index (staging area for the next commit). In other
words, the differences are what you <em>could</em> tell Git to
further add to the index but you still haven’t. You can
stage these changes by using <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><em>git diff</em> [<options>] --no-index [--] <path> <path></dt>
<dd>
<p>This form is to compare the given two paths on the
filesystem. You can omit the <code>--no-index</code> option when
running the command in a working tree controlled by Git and
at least one of the paths points outside the working tree,
or when running the command outside a working tree
controlled by Git. This form implies <code>--exit-code</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><em>git diff</em> [<options>] --cached [--merge-base] [<commit>] [--] [<path>…​]</dt>
<dd>
<p>This form is to view the changes you staged for the next
commit relative to the named <commit>. Typically you
would want comparison with the latest commit, so if you
do not give <commit>, it defaults to HEAD.
If HEAD does not exist (e.g. unborn branches) and
<commit> is not given, it shows all staged changes.
--staged is a synonym of --cached.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If --merge-base is given, instead of using <commit>, use the merge base
of <commit> and HEAD. <code>git diff --cached --merge-base A</code> is equivalent to
<code>git diff --cached $(git merge-base A HEAD)</code>.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><em>git diff</em> [<options>] [--merge-base] <commit> [--] [<path>…​]</dt>
<dd>
<p>This form is to view the changes you have in your
working tree relative to the named <commit>. You can
use HEAD to compare it with the latest commit, or a
branch name to compare with the tip of a different
branch.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If --merge-base is given, instead of using <commit>, use the merge base
of <commit> and HEAD. <code>git diff --merge-base A</code> is equivalent to
<code>git diff $(git merge-base A HEAD)</code>.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><em>git diff</em> [<options>] [--merge-base] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>…​]</dt>
<dd>
<p>This is to view the changes between two arbitrary
<commit>.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If --merge-base is given, use the merge base of the two commits for the
"before" side. <code>git diff --merge-base A B</code> is equivalent to
<code>git diff $(git merge-base A B) B</code>.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><em>git diff</em> [<options>] <commit> <commit>…​ <commit> [--] [<path>…​]</dt>
<dd>
<p>This form is to view the results of a merge commit. The first
listed <commit> must be the merge itself; the remaining two or
more commits should be its parents. Convenient ways to produce
the desired set of revisions are to use the suffixes <code>^@</code> and
<code>^!</code>. If A is a merge commit, then <code>git diff A A^@</code>,
<code>git diff A^!</code> and <code>git show A</code> all give the same combined diff.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><em>git diff</em> [<options>] <commit>..<commit> [--] [<path>…​]</dt>
<dd>
<p>This is synonymous to the earlier form (without the <code>..</code>) for
viewing the changes between two arbitrary <commit>. If <commit> on
one side is omitted, it will have the same effect as
using HEAD instead.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><em>git diff</em> [<options>] <commit>...<commit> [--] [<path>…​]</dt>
<dd>
<p>This form is to view the changes on the branch containing
and up to the second <commit>, starting at a common ancestor
of both <commit>. <code>git diff A...B</code> is equivalent to
<code>git diff $(git merge-base A B) B</code>. You can omit any one
of <commit>, which has the same effect as using HEAD instead.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Just in case you are doing something exotic, it should be
noted that all of the <commit> in the above description, except
in the <code>--merge-base</code> case and in the last two forms that use <code>..</code>
notations, can be any <tree>. A tree of interest is the one pointed to
by the ref named <code>AUTO_MERGE</code>, which is written by the <em>ort</em> merge
strategy upon hitting merge conflicts (see <a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a>).
Comparing the working tree with <code>AUTO_MERGE</code> shows changes you’ve made
so far to resolve textual conflicts (see the examples below).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For a more complete list of ways to spell <commit>, see
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>.
However, "diff" is about comparing two <em>endpoints</em>, not ranges,
and the range notations (<code><commit>..<commit></code> and
<code><commit>...<commit></code>) do not mean a range as defined in the
"SPECIFYING RANGES" section in <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><em>git diff</em> [<options>] <blob> <blob></dt>
<dd>
<p>This form is to view the differences between the raw
contents of two blob objects.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">-p</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">-u</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--patch</dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate patch (see <a href="#generate_patch_text_with_p">Generating patch text with -p</a>).
This is the default.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-s</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-patch</dt>
<dd>
<p>Suppress all output from the diff machinery. Useful for
commands like <code>git show</code> that show the patch by default to
squelch their output, or to cancel the effect of options like
<code>--patch</code>, <code>--stat</code> earlier on the command line in an alias.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-U<n></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--unified=<n></dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of
the usual three.
Implies <code>--patch</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--output=<file></dt>
<dd>
<p>Output to a specific file instead of stdout.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--output-indicator-new=<char></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--output-indicator-old=<char></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--output-indicator-context=<char></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specify the character used to indicate new, old or context
lines in the generated patch. Normally they are <em>+</em>, <em>-</em> and
' ' respectively.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--raw</dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate the diff in raw format.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--patch-with-raw</dt>
<dd>
<p>Synonym for <code>-p --raw</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--indent-heuristic</dt>
<dd>
<p>Enable the heuristic that shifts diff hunk boundaries to make patches
easier to read. This is the default.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-indent-heuristic</dt>
<dd>
<p>Disable the indent heuristic.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--minimal</dt>
<dd>
<p>Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible
diff is produced.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--patience</dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--histogram</dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--anchored=<text></dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate a diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This option may be specified more than once.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once,
and starts with this text, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from
appearing as a deletion or addition in the output. It uses the "patience
diff" algorithm internally.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}</dt>
<dd>
<p>Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>default</code>, <code>myers</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>minimal</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
produced.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>patience</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>histogram</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
low-occurrence common elements".</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For instance, if you configured the <code>diff.algorithm</code> variable to a
non-default value and want to use the default one, then you
have to use <code>--diff-algorithm=default</code> option.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary
will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph
part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns
if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by
<code><width></code>. The width of the filename part can be limited by
giving another width <code><name-width></code> after a comma or by setting
<code>diff.statNameWidth=<width></code>. The width of the graph part can be
limited by using <code>--stat-graph-width=<width></code> or by setting
<code>diff.statGraphWidth=<width></code>. Using <code>--stat</code> or
<code>--stat-graph-width</code> affects all commands generating a stat graph,
while setting <code>diff.statNameWidth</code> or <code>diff.statGraphWidth</code>
does not affect <code>git format-patch</code>.
By giving a third parameter <code><count></code>, you can limit the output to
the first <code><count></code> lines, followed by <code>...</code> if there are more.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>These parameters can also be set individually with <code>--stat-width=<width></code>,
<code>--stat-name-width=<name-width></code> and <code>--stat-count=<count></code>.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--compact-summary</dt>
<dd>
<p>Output a condensed summary of extended header information such
as file creations or deletions ("new" or "gone", optionally "+l"
if it’s a symlink) and mode changes ("+x" or "-x" for adding
or removing executable bit respectively) in diffstat. The
information is put between the filename part and the graph
part. Implies <code>--stat</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--numstat</dt>
<dd>
<p>Similar to <code>--stat</code>, but shows number of added and
deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without
abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For
binary files, outputs two <code>-</code> instead of saying
<code>0 0</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--shortstat</dt>
<dd>
<p>Output only the last line of the <code>--stat</code> format containing total
number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted
lines.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-X[<param1,param2,…​>]</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--dirstat[=<param1,param2,…​>]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each
sub-directory. The behavior of <code>--dirstat</code> can be customized by
passing it a comma separated list of parameters.
The defaults are controlled by the <code>diff.dirstat</code> configuration
variable (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).
The following parameters are available:</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>changes</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the lines that have been
removed from the source, or added to the destination. This ignores
the amount of pure code movements within a file. In other words,
rearranging lines in a file is not counted as much as other changes.
This is the default behavior when no parameter is given.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>lines</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff
analysis, and summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary
files, count 64-byte chunks instead, since binary files have no
natural concept of lines). This is a more expensive <code>--dirstat</code>
behavior than the <code>changes</code> behavior, but it does count rearranged
lines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output
is consistent with what you get from the other <code>--*stat</code> options.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>files</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the number of files changed.
Each changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is
the computationally cheapest <code>--dirstat</code> behavior, since it does
not have to look at the file contents at all.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>cumulative</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well.
Note that when using <code>cumulative</code>, the sum of the percentages
reported may exceed 100%. The default (non-cumulative) behavior can
be specified with the <code>noncumulative</code> parameter.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><limit></dt>
<dd>
<p>An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default).
Directories contributing less than this percentage of the changes
are not shown in the output.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring
directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files,
and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories:
<code>--dirstat=files,10,cumulative</code>.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--cumulative</dt>
<dd>
<p>Synonym for --dirstat=cumulative</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--dirstat-by-file[=<param1,param2>…​]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Synonym for --dirstat=files,<param1>,<param2>…​</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--summary</dt>
<dd>
<p>Output a condensed summary of extended header information
such as creations, renames and mode changes.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--patch-with-stat</dt>
<dd>
<p>Synonym for <code>-p --stat</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-z</dt>
<dd>
<p>When <code>--raw</code>, <code>--numstat</code>, <code>--name-only</code> or <code>--name-status</code> has been
given, do not munge pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Without this option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as
explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> (see
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--name-only</dt>
<dd>
<p>Show only names of changed files. The file names are often encoded in UTF-8.
For more information see the discussion about encoding in the <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
manual page.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--name-status</dt>
<dd>
<p>Show only names and status of changed files. See the description
of the <code>--diff-filter</code> option on what the status letters mean.
Just like <code>--name-only</code> the file names are often encoded in UTF-8.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--submodule[=<format>]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Specify how differences in submodules are shown. When specifying
<code>--submodule=short</code> the <em>short</em> format is used. This format just
shows the names of the commits at the beginning and end of the range.
When <code>--submodule</code> or <code>--submodule=log</code> is specified, the <em>log</em>
format is used. This format lists the commits in the range like
<a href="git-submodule.html">git-submodule(1)</a> <code>summary</code> does. When <code>--submodule=diff</code>
is specified, the <em>diff</em> format is used. This format shows an
inline diff of the changes in the submodule contents between the
commit range. Defaults to <code>diff.submodule</code> or the <em>short</em> format
if the config option is unset.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--color[=<when>]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Show colored diff.
<code>--color</code> (i.e. without <em>=<when></em>) is the same as <code>--color=always</code>.
<em><when></em> can be one of <code>always</code>, <code>never</code>, or <code>auto</code>.
It can be changed by the <code>color.ui</code> and <code>color.diff</code>
configuration settings.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-color</dt>
<dd>
<p>Turn off colored diff.
This can be used to override configuration settings.
It is the same as <code>--color=never</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--color-moved[=<mode>]</dt>
<dd>
<p>Moved lines of code are colored differently.
It can be changed by the <code>diff.colorMoved</code> configuration setting.
The <mode> defaults to <em>no</em> if the option is not given
and to <em>zebra</em> if the option with no mode is given.
The mode must be one of:</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">no</dt>
<dd>
<p>Moved lines are not highlighted.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">default</dt>
<dd>
<p>Is a synonym for <code>zebra</code>. This may change to a more sensible mode
in the future.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">plain</dt>
<dd>
<p>Any line that is added in one location and was removed
in another location will be colored with <em>color.diff.newMoved</em>.
Similarly <em>color.diff.oldMoved</em> will be used for removed lines
that are added somewhere else in the diff. This mode picks up any
moved line, but it is not very useful in a review to determine
if a block of code was moved without permutation.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">blocks</dt>
<dd>
<p>Blocks of moved text of