sequelize
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Multi dialect ORM for Node.JS/io.js
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<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h1 manual-color manual-color-installation" data-section-count="■■" data-link="manual/installation/getting-started.html"><a href="manual/installation/getting-started.html" data-ice="link">Getting started</a></li>
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<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h1 manual-color manual-color-tutorial" data-section-count="■■■■" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html" data-ice="link">Model definition</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#data-types" data-ice="link">Data types</a></li>
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<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#getters-setters" data-ice="link">Getters & setters</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#defining-as-part-of-a-property" data-ice="link">Defining as part of a property</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#defining-as-part-of-the-model-options" data-ice="link">Defining as part of the model options</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#helper-functions-for-use-inside-getter-and-setter-definitions" data-ice="link">Helper functions for use inside getter and setter definitions</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#validations" data-ice="link">Validations</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#validators-and-allownull-" data-ice="link">Validators and allowNull</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#model-validations" data-ice="link">Model validations</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#configuration" data-ice="link">Configuration</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#import" data-ice="link">Import</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#optimistic-locking" data-ice="link">Optimistic Locking</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#database-synchronization" data-ice="link">Database synchronization</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#expansion-of-models" data-ice="link">Expansion of models</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-definition.html#indexes" data-ice="link">Indexes</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h1 manual-color manual-color-tutorial" data-section-count="■■■■" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html" data-ice="link">Model usage</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#data-retrieval-finders" data-ice="link">Data retrieval / Finders</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#find-search-for-one-specific-element-in-the-database" data-ice="link">find - Search for one specific element in the database</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#findorcreate-search-for-a-specific-element-or-create-it-if-not-available" data-ice="link">findOrCreate - Search for a specific element or create it if not available</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#findandcountall-search-for-multiple-elements-in-the-database-returns-both-data-and-total-count" data-ice="link">findAndCountAll - Search for multiple elements in the database, returns both data and total count</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#findall-search-for-multiple-elements-in-the-database" data-ice="link">findAll - Search for multiple elements in the database</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#complex-filtering-or-not-queries" data-ice="link">Complex filtering / OR / NOT queries</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#manipulating-the-dataset-with-limit-offset-order-and-group" data-ice="link">Manipulating the dataset with limit, offset, order and group</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#raw-queries" data-ice="link">Raw queries</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#count-count-the-occurrences-of-elements-in-the-database" data-ice="link">count - Count the occurrences of elements in the database</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#max-get-the-greatest-value-of-a-specific-attribute-within-a-specific-table" data-ice="link">max - Get the greatest value of a specific attribute within a specific table</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#min-get-the-least-value-of-a-specific-attribute-within-a-specific-table" data-ice="link">min - Get the least value of a specific attribute within a specific table</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#sum-sum-the-value-of-specific-attributes" data-ice="link">sum - Sum the value of specific attributes</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#eager-loading" data-ice="link">Eager loading</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#including-everything" data-ice="link">Including everything</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#including-soft-deleted-records" data-ice="link">Including soft deleted records</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#ordering-eager-loaded-associations" data-ice="link">Ordering Eager Loaded Associations</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/models-usage.html#nested-eager-loading" data-ice="link">Nested eager loading</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h1 manual-color manual-color-tutorial" data-section-count="■■■" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html" data-ice="link">Querying</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html#attributes" data-ice="link">Attributes</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html#where" data-ice="link">Where</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html#basics" data-ice="link">Basics</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html#operators" data-ice="link">Operators</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html#range-operators" data-ice="link">Range Operators</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html#combinations" data-ice="link">Combinations</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html#jsonb" data-ice="link">JSONB</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h4" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html#nested-object" data-ice="link">Nested object</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h4" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html#nested-key" data-ice="link">Nested key</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h4" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html#containment" data-ice="link">Containment</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html#relations-associations" data-ice="link">Relations / Associations</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html#pagination-limiting" data-ice="link">Pagination / Limiting</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/querying.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/querying.html#ordering" data-ice="link">Ordering</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h1 manual-color manual-color-tutorial" data-section-count="■■■" data-link="manual/tutorial/instances.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/instances.html" data-ice="link">Instances</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/instances.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/instances.html#building-a-non-persistent-instance" data-ice="link">Building a non-persistent instance</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/instances.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/instances.html#creating-persistent-instances" data-ice="link">Creating persistent instances</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/instances.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/instances.html#updating-saving-persisting-an-instance" data-ice="link">Updating / Saving / Persisting an instance</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/instances.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/instances.html#destroying-deleting-persistent-instances" data-ice="link">Destroying / Deleting persistent instances</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/instances.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/instances.html#working-in-bulk-creating-updating-and-destroying-multiple-rows-at-once-" data-ice="link">Working in bulk (creating, updating and destroying multiple rows at once)</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/instances.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/instances.html#values-of-an-instance" data-ice="link">Values of an instance</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/instances.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/instances.html#reloading-instances" data-ice="link">Reloading instances</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/instances.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/instances.html#incrementing-certain-values-of-an-instance" data-ice="link">Incrementing certain values of an instance</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/instances.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/instances.html#decrementing-certain-values-of-an-instance" data-ice="link">Decrementing certain values of an instance</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h1 manual-color manual-color-tutorial" data-section-count="■■■■■" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html" data-ice="link">Associations</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#one-to-one-associations" data-ice="link">One-To-One associations</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#belongsto" data-ice="link">BelongsTo</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h4" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#foreign-keys" data-ice="link">Foreign keys</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h4" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#target-keys" data-ice="link">Target keys</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#hasone" data-ice="link">HasOne</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#difference-between-hasone-and-belongsto" data-ice="link">Difference between HasOne and BelongsTo</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#one-to-many-associations" data-ice="link">One-To-Many associations</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#belongs-to-many-associations" data-ice="link">Belongs-To-Many associations</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#scopes" data-ice="link">Scopes</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h4" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#1-m" data-ice="link">1:m</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h4" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#n-m" data-ice="link">n:m</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#naming-strategy" data-ice="link">Naming strategy</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#associating-objects" data-ice="link">Associating objects</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#check-associations" data-ice="link">Check associations</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#foreign-keys" data-ice="link">Foreign Keys</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#enforcing-a-foreign-key-reference-without-constraints" data-ice="link">Enforcing a foreign key reference without constraints</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#creating-with-associations" data-ice="link">Creating with associations</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#creating-elements-of-a-belongsto-has-many-or-hasone-association" data-ice="link">Creating elements of a "BelongsTo", "Has Many" or "HasOne" association</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#creating-elements-of-a-belongsto-association-with-an-alias" data-ice="link">Creating elements of a "BelongsTo" association with an alias</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/associations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/associations.html#creating-elements-of-a-hasmany-or-belongstomany-association" data-ice="link">Creating elements of a "HasMany" or "BelongsToMany" association</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h1 manual-color manual-color-tutorial" data-section-count="■■■" data-link="manual/tutorial/transactions.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/transactions.html" data-ice="link">Transactions</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/transactions.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/transactions.html#managed-transaction-auto-callback-" data-ice="link">Managed transaction (auto-callback)</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/transactions.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/transactions.html#throw-errors-to-rollback" data-ice="link">Throw errors to rollback</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/transactions.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/transactions.html#automatically-pass-transactions-to-all-queries" data-ice="link">Automatically pass transactions to all queries</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/transactions.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/transactions.html#concurrent-partial-transactions" data-ice="link">Concurrent/Partial transactions</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/transactions.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/transactions.html#without-cls-enabled" data-ice="link">Without CLS enabled</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/transactions.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/transactions.html#isolation-levels" data-ice="link">Isolation levels</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/transactions.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/transactions.html#unmanaged-transaction-then-callback-" data-ice="link">Unmanaged transaction (then-callback)</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/transactions.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/transactions.html#options" data-ice="link">Options</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/transactions.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/transactions.html#usage-with-other-sequelize-methods" data-ice="link">Usage with other sequelize methods</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h1 manual-color manual-color-tutorial" data-section-count="■■" data-link="manual/tutorial/scopes.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/scopes.html" data-ice="link">Scopes</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/scopes.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/scopes.html#definition" data-ice="link">Definition</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/scopes.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/scopes.html#usage" data-ice="link">Usage</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/scopes.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/scopes.html#merging" data-ice="link">Merging</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/scopes.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/scopes.html#associations" data-ice="link">Associations</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h1 manual-color manual-color-tutorial" data-section-count="■■■" data-link="manual/tutorial/hooks.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/hooks.html" data-ice="link">Hooks</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/hooks.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/hooks.html#order-of-operations" data-ice="link">Order of Operations</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/hooks.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/hooks.html#declaring-hooks" data-ice="link">Declaring Hooks</a></li>
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<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/migrations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/migrations.html#dropalltables-options-" data-ice="link">dropAllTables(options)</a></li>
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<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/migrations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/migrations.html#showalltables-options-" data-ice="link">showAllTables(options)</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/migrations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/migrations.html#describetable-tablename-options-" data-ice="link">describeTable(tableName, options)</a></li>
<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/migrations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/migrations.html#addcolumn-tablenameoroptions-attributename-datatypeoroptions-options-" data-ice="link">addColumn(tableNameOrOptions, attributeName, dataTypeOrOptions, options)</a></li>
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<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h3" data-link="manual/tutorial/migrations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/migrations.html#addindex-tablename-attributes-options-" data-ice="link">addIndex(tableName, attributes, options)</a></li>
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<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="manual/tutorial/migrations.html"><a href="manual/tutorial/migrations.html#programmatic-use" data-ice="link">Programmatic use</a></li>
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<li data-ice="manualNav" class="indent-h2" data-link="identifiers.html"><a href="identifiers.html#class" data-ice="link">Class</a></li>
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<div class="content" data-ice="content"><div class="github-markdown">
<div class="manual-user-index" data-ice="manualUserIndex"><p><img src="manual/asset/logo-small.png" alt="logo"></p>
<p>Sequelize is a promise-based ORM for Node.js. It supports the dialects PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite and MSSQL and features solid transaction support, relations, read replication and
more.</p>
<p><a href="docs/getting-started/">Installation</a></p>
<h2 id="example-usage">Example usage</h2>
<pre><code class="lang-js"><code class="source-code prettyprint">var Sequelize = require('sequelize');
var sequelize = new Sequelize('database', 'username', 'password');
var User = sequelize.define('user', {
username: Sequelize.STRING,
birthday: Sequelize.DATE
});
sequelize.sync().then(function() {
return User.create({
username: 'janedoe',
birthday: new Date(1980, 6, 20)
});
}).then(function(jane) {
console.log(jane.get({
plain: true
}));
});</code>
</code></pre>
</div>
<p class="manual-badge" data-ice="manualBadge"><img src="./manual-badge.svg"></p>
<div class="manual-cards">
<div class="manual-card-wrap" data-ice="cards">
<h1 data-ice="label" class="manual-color manual-color-installation" data-section-count="■■"><span data-ice="label-inner">Getting started</span></h1>
<div class="manual-card">
<div data-ice="card"><h1>Getting started</h1><h2>Installation</h2><p>Sequelize is available via NPM.</p><pre><code class="lang-bash"><code class="source-code prettyprint">$ npm install --save sequelize
# And one of the following:
$ npm install --save pg pg-hstore
$ npm install --save mysql2
$ npm install --save sqlite3
$ npm install --save tedious // MSSQL</code>
</code></pre><h2>Setting up a connection</h2><p>Sequelize will setup a connection pool on initialization so you should ideally only ever create one instance per database if you're connecting to the DB from a single process. If you're connecting to the DB from multiple processes, you'll have to create one instance per process, but each instance should have a maximum connection pool size of "max connection pool size divided by number of instances". So, if you wanted a max connection pool size of 90 and you had 3 worker processes, each process's instance should have a max connection pool size of 30.</p><pre><code class="lang-js"><code class="source-code prettyprint">var sequelize = new Sequelize('database', 'username', 'password', {
host: 'localhost',
dialect: 'mysql'|'sqlite'|'postgres'|'mssql',
pool: {
max: 5,
min: 0,
idle: 10000
},
// SQLite only
storage: 'path/to/database.sqlite'
});
// Or you can simply use a connection uri
var sequelize = new Sequelize('postgres://user:pass@example.com:5432/dbname');</code>
</code></pre><p>The Sequelize constructor takes a whole slew of options that are available via the <a href="http://sequelize.readthedocs.org/en/latest/api/sequelize/">API reference</a>.</p><h2>Test the connection</h2><p>You can use the <code>.authenticate()</code> function like this to test the connection.</p><pre><code><code class="source-code prettyprint">sequelize
.authenticate()
.then(function(err) {
console.log('Connection has been established successfully.');
})
.catch(function (err) {
console.log('Unable to connect to the database:', err);
});</code>
</code></pre><h2>Your first model</h2><p>Models are defined with <code>sequelize.define('name', {attributes}, {options})</code>.</p><pre><code class="lang-js"><code class="source-code prettyprint">var User = sequelize.define('user', {
firstName: {
type: Sequelize.STRING
},
lastName: {
type: Sequelize.STRING
}
});
// force: true will drop the table if it already exists
User.sync({force: true}).then(function () {
// Table created
return User.create({
firstName: 'John',
lastName: 'Hancock'
});
});</code>
</code></pre><p>You can read more about creating models at <a href="http://sequelize.readthedocs.org/en/latest/api/model/">Model API reference</a></p><h2>Your first query</h2><pre><code><code class="source-code prettyprint">User.findAll().then(function(users) {
console.log(users)
})</code>
</code></pre><p>You can read more about finder functions on models like <code>.findAll()</code> at <a href="http://docs.sequelizejs.com/en/latest/docs/models-usage/">Data retrieval</a> or how to do specific queries like <code>WHERE</code> and <code>JSONB</code> at <a href="http://docs.sequelizejs.com/en/latest/docs/querying/">Querying</a>.</p><h3>Application wide model options</h3><p>The Sequelize constructor takes a <code>define</code> option which will be used as the default options for all defined models.</p><pre><code class="lang-js"><code class="source-code prettyprint">var sequelize = new Sequelize('connectionUri', {
define: {
timestamps: false // true by default
}
});
var User = sequelize.define('user', {}); // timestamps is false by default
var Post = sequelize.define('post', {}, {
timestamps: true // timestamps will now be true
});</code>
</code></pre><h2>Promises</h2><p>Sequelize uses promises to control async control-flow. If you are unfamiliar with how promises work, don't worry, you can read up on them <a href="https://github.com/wbinnssmith/awesome-promises">here</a> and <a href="http://bluebirdjs.com/docs/why-promises.html">here</a>.</p><p>Basically, a promise represents a value which will be present at some point - "I promise you I will give you a result or an error at some point". This means that</p><pre><code class="lang-js"><code class="source-code prettyprint">// DON'T DO THIS
user = User.findOne()
console.log(user.get('firstName'));</code>
</code></pre><p><em>will never work!</em> This is because <code>user</code> is a promise object, not a data row from the DB. The right way to do it is:</p><pre><code class="lang-js"><code class="source-code prettyprint">User.findOne().then(function (user) {
console.log(user.get('firstName'));
});</code>
</code></pre><p>Once you've got the hang of what promises are and how they work, use the <a href="http://bluebirdjs.com/docs/api-reference.html">bluebird API reference</a> as your go-to tool. In particular, you'll probably be using <a href="http://bluebirdjs.com/docs/api/promise.all.html"><code>.all</code></a> a lot. </p></div>
<a data-ice="link" href="manual/installation/getting-started.html"></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="manual-card-wrap" data-ice="cards">
<h1 data-ice="label" class="manual-color manual-color-tutorial" data-section-count="■■■■"><span data-ice="label-inner">Model definition</span></h1>
<div class="manual-card">
<div data-ice="card"><h1>Model definition</h1><p>To define mappings between a model and a table, use the <code>define</code> method. Sequelize will then automatically add the attributes <code>createdAt</code> and <code>updatedAt</code> to it. So you will be able to know when the database entry went into the db and when it was updated the last time. If you do not want timestamps on your models, only want some timestamps, or you are working with an existing database where the columns are named something else, jump straight on to <a href="#configuration">configuration </a>to see how to do that.</p><pre><code class="lang-js"><code class="source-code prettyprint">var Project = sequelize.define('project', {
title: Sequelize.STRING,
description: Sequelize.TEXT
})
var Task = sequelize.define('task', {
title: Sequelize.STRING,
description: Sequelize.TEXT,
deadline: Sequelize.DATE
})</code>
</code></pre><p>You can also set some options on each column:</p><pre><code class="lang-js"><code class="source-code prettyprint">var Foo = sequelize.define('foo', {
// instantiating will automatically set the flag to true if not set
flag: { type: Sequelize.BOOLEAN, allowNull: false, defaultValue: true},
// default values for dates => current time
myDate: { type: Sequelize.DATE, defaultValue: Sequelize.NOW },
// setting allowNull to false will add NOT NULL to the column, which means an error will be
// thrown from the DB when the query is executed if the column is null. If you want to check that a value
// is not null before querying the DB, look at the validations section below.
title: { type: Sequelize.STRING, allowNull: false},
// Creating two objects with the same value will throw an error. The unique property can be either a
// boolean, or a string. If you provide the same string for multiple columns, they will form a
// composite unique key.
uniqueOne: { type: Sequelize.STRING, unique: 'compositeIndex'},
uniqueTwo: { type: Sequelize.INTEGER, unique: 'compositeIndex'}
// The unique property is simply a shorthand to create a unique constraint.
someUnique: {type: Sequelize.STRING, unique: true}
// It's exactly the same as creating the index in the model's options.
{someUnique: {type: Sequelize.STRING}},
{indexes: [{unique: true, fields: ['someUnique']}]}
// Go on reading for further information about primary keys
identifier: { type: Sequelize.STRING, primaryKey: true},
// autoIncrement can be used to create auto_incrementing integer columns
incrementMe: { type: Sequelize.INTEGER, autoIncrement: true },
// Comments can be specified for each field for MySQL and PG
hasComment: { type: Sequelize.INTEGER, comment: "I'm a comment!" },
// You can specify a custom field name via the "field" attribute:
fieldWithUnderscores: { type: Sequelize.STRING, field: "field_with_underscores" },
// It is possible to create foreign keys:
bar_id: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
references: {
// This is a reference to another model
model: Bar,
// This is the column name of the referenced model
key: 'id',
// This declares when to check the foreign key constraint. PostgreSQL only.
deferrable: Sequelize.Deferrable.INITIALLY_IMMEDIATE
}
}
})</code>
</code></pre><p>The comment option can also be used on a table, see <a href="#configuration">model configuration</a></p><h2>Data types</h2><p>Below are some of the datatypes supported by sequelize. For a full and updated list, see <a href="./manual/../api/datatypes">DataTypes</a>.</p><pre><code class="lang-js"><code class="source-code prettyprint">Sequelize.STRING // VARCHAR(255)
Sequelize.STRING(1234) // VARCHAR(1234)
Sequelize.STRING.BINARY // VARCHAR BINARY
Sequelize.TEXT // TEXT
Sequelize.TEXT('tiny') // TINYTEXT
Sequelize.INTEGER // INTEGER
Sequelize.BIGINT // BIGINT
Sequelize.BIGINT(11) // BIGINT(11)
Sequelize.FLOAT // FLOAT
Sequelize.FLOAT(11) // FLOAT(11)
Sequelize.FLOAT(11, 12) // FLOAT(11,12)
Sequelize.REAL // REAL PostgreSQL only.
Sequelize.REAL(11) // REAL(11) PostgreSQL only.
Sequelize.REAL(11, 12) // REAL(11,12) PostgreSQL only.
Sequelize.DOUBLE // DOUBLE
Sequelize.DOUBLE(11) // DOUBLE(11)
Sequelize.DOUBLE(11, 12) // DOUBLE(11,12)
Sequelize.DECIMAL // DECIMAL
Sequelize.DECIMAL(10, 2) // DECIMAL(10,2)
Sequelize.DATE // DATETIME for mysql / sqlite, TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE for postgres
Sequelize.DATE(6) // DATETIME(6) for mysql 5.6.4+. Fractional seconds support with up to 6 digits of precision
Sequelize.DATEONLY // DATE without time.
Sequelize.BOOLEAN // TINYINT(1)
Sequelize.ENUM('value 1', 'value 2') // An ENUM with allowed values 'value 1' and 'value 2'
Sequelize.ARRAY(Sequelize.TEXT) // Defines an array. PostgreSQL only.
Sequelize.JSON // JSON column. PostgreSQL only.
Sequelize.JSONB // JSONB column. PostgreSQL only.
Sequelize.BLOB // BLOB (bytea for PostgreSQL)
Sequelize.BLOB('tiny') // TINYBLOB (bytea for PostgreSQL. Other options are medium and long)
Sequelize.UUID // UUID datatype for PostgreSQL and SQLite, CHAR(36) BINARY for MySQL (use defaultValue: Sequelize.UUIDV1 or Sequelize.UUIDV4 to make sequelize generate the ids automatically)
Sequelize.RANGE(Sequelize.INTEGER) // Defines int4range range. PostgreSQL only.
Sequelize.RANGE(Sequelize.BIGINT) // Defined int8range range. PostgreSQL only.
Sequelize.RANGE(Sequelize.DATE) // Defines tstzrange range. PostgreSQL only.
Sequelize.RANGE(Sequelize.DATEONLY) // Defines daterange range. PostgreSQL only.
Sequelize.RANGE(Sequelize.DECIMAL) // Defines numrange range. PostgreSQL only.
Sequelize.ARRAY(Sequelize.RANGE(Sequelize.DATE)) // Defines array of tstzrange ranges. PostgreSQL only.
Sequelize.GEOMETRY // Spatial column. PostgreSQL (with PostGIS) or MySQL only.
Sequelize.GEOMETRY('POINT') // Spatial column with geometry type. PostgreSQL (with PostGIS) or MySQL only.
Sequelize.GEOMETRY('POINT', 4326) // Spatial column with geometry type and SRID. PostgreSQL (with PostGIS) or MySQL only.</code>
</code></pre><p>The BLOB data type allows you to insert data both as strings and as buffers. When you do a find or findAll on a model which has a BLOB column. that data will always be returned as a buffer.</p><p>If you are working with the PostgreSQL TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE and you need to parse it to a different timezone, please use the pg library's own parser:</p><pre><code class="lang-js"><code class="source-code prettyprint">require('pg').types.setTypeParser(1114, function(stringValue) {
return new Date(stringValue + "+0000");
// e.g., UTC offset. Use any offset that you would like.
});</code>
</code></pre><p>In addition to the type mentioned above, integer, bigint, float and double also support unsigned and zerofill properties, which can be combined in any order:
Be aware that this does not apply for PostgreSQL!</p><pre><code class="lang-js"><code class="source-code prettyprint">Sequelize.INTEGER.UNSIGNED // INTEGER UNSIGNED
Sequelize.INTEGER(11).UNSIGNED // INTEGER(11) UNSIGNED
Sequelize.INTEGER(11).ZEROFILL // INTEGER(11) ZEROFILL
Sequelize.INTEGER(11).ZEROFILL.UNSIGNED // INTEGER(11) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL
Sequelize.INTEGER(11).UNSIGNED.ZEROFILL // INTEGER(11) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL</code>
</code></pre><p><em>The examples above only show integer, but the same can be done with bigint and float</em></p><p>Usage in object notation:</p><pre><code class="lang-js"><code class="source-code prettyprint">// for enums:
sequelize.define('model', {
states: {
type: Sequelize.ENUM,
values: ['active', 'pending', 'deleted']
}
})</code>
</code></pre><h3>Range types</h3><p>Since range types have extra information for their bound inclusion/exclusion it's not
very straightforward to just use a tuple to represent them in javascript.</p><p>When supplying ranges as values you can choose from the following APIs:</p><pre><code class="lang-js"><code class="source-code prettyprint">// defaults to '["2016-01-01 00:00:00+00:00", "2016-02-01 00:00:00+00:00")'
// inclusive lower bound, exclusive upper bound
Timeline.create({ range: [new Date(Date.UTC(2016, 0, 1)), new Date(Date.UTC(2016, 1, 1))] });
// control inclusion
const range = [new Date(Date.UTC(2016, 0, 1)), new Date(Date.UTC(2016, 1, 1))];
range.inclusive = false; // '()'
range.inclusive = [false, true]; // '(]'
range.inclusive = true; // '[]'
range.inclusive = [true, false]; // '[)'
// or as a single expression
const range = [
{ value: new Date(Date.UTC(2016, 0, 1)), inclusive: false },
{ value: new Date(Date.UTC(2016, 1, 1)), inclusive: true },
];
// '("2016-01-01 00:00:00+00:00", "2016-02-01 00:00:00+00:00"]'
// composite form
const range = [
{ value: new Date(Date.UTC(2016, 0, 1)), inclusive: false },
new Date(Date.UTC(2016, 1, 1)),
];
// '("2016-01-01 00:00:00+00:00", "2016-02-01 00:00:00+00:00")'
Timeline.create({ range });</code>
</code></pre><p>However, please note that whenever you get back a va