safepassword-utils
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A secure and flexible password generation and validation utility for TypeScript/JavaScript applications
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JavaScript
/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
* License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
* file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
import { randomBytes } from 'crypto';
import passwordList from './data/common-passwords-10m.json';
export const defaultOptions = [
{
id: 0,
value: 'Too weak',
minDiversity: 0,
minLength: 0,
},
{
id: 1,
value: 'Weak',
minDiversity: 2,
minLength: 8,
},
{
id: 2,
value: 'Medium',
minDiversity: 4,
minLength: 10,
},
{
id: 3,
value: 'Strong',
minDiversity: 4,
minLength: 12,
},
];
const commonPasswordsCache = new Map();
const LIST_SIZES = {
'10k': 10000,
'100k': 100000,
'250k': 250000,
'500k': 500000,
'1m': 1000000,
'2m': 2000000,
'5m': 5000000,
'10m': 10000000,
};
/**
* Checks if a password is in the list of common passwords
* @param password The password to check
* @param listSize Size of the common password list to check against ('10k', '100k', '250k', '500k', '1m', '2m', '5m', '10m')
* @returns true if the password is common, false otherwise
*/
export async function isCommonPassword(password, listSize = '100k') {
const cacheKey = listSize;
if (!commonPasswordsCache.has(cacheKey)) {
const passwords = passwordList.slice(0, LIST_SIZES[listSize]);
commonPasswordsCache.set(cacheKey, new Set(passwords));
}
return commonPasswordsCache.get(cacheKey)?.has(password) ?? false;
}
export function checkPasswordStrength(password, requirements, options = defaultOptions) {
const contains = {
lowercase: /[a-z]/.test(password),
uppercase: /[A-Z]/.test(password),
number: /[0-9]/.test(password),
symbol: /[^A-Za-z0-9]/.test(password),
};
// Count occurrences if requirements specify minimums
const counts = {
lowercase: (password.match(/[a-z]/g) || []).length,
uppercase: (password.match(/[A-Z]/g) || []).length,
numbers: (password.match(/[0-9]/g) || []).length,
special: (password.match(/[^A-Za-z0-9]/g) || []).length,
};
const length = password.length;
// Check if password meets requirements
if (requirements) {
const { requireCapital, requireNumber, requireSpecial, minCapitals, minNumbers, minSpecial } = requirements;
if (requireCapital && !contains.uppercase)
return { id: 0, value: 'Too weak', contains, length };
if (requireNumber && !contains.number)
return { id: 0, value: 'Too weak', contains, length };
if (requireSpecial && !contains.symbol)
return { id: 0, value: 'Too weak', contains, length };
if (minCapitals && counts.uppercase < minCapitals)
return { id: 0, value: 'Too weak', contains, length, counts };
if (minNumbers && counts.numbers < minNumbers)
return { id: 0, value: 'Too weak', contains, length, counts };
if (minSpecial && counts.special < minSpecial)
return { id: 0, value: 'Too weak', contains, length, counts };
}
// Count the number of different character types used
const varietyCount = Object.values(contains).filter(Boolean).length;
// Find appropriate strength level based on custom options
let strengthLevel = options.findIndex((opt) => length >= opt.minLength && varietyCount >= opt.minDiversity);
// If no matching level found, use the lowest level
if (strengthLevel === -1)
strengthLevel = 0;
// Get the highest matching level
while (strengthLevel < options.length - 1 &&
length >= options[strengthLevel + 1].minLength &&
varietyCount >= options[strengthLevel + 1].minDiversity) {
strengthLevel++;
}
const { id, value } = options[strengthLevel];
return {
id,
value,
contains,
length,
counts,
};
}
const DEFAULT_LENGTH = 16;
const LOWERCASE_CHARS = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
const UPPERCASE_CHARS = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
const NUMBER_CHARS = '0123456789';
const SYMBOL_CHARS = '!@#$%^&*()_+-=[]{}|;:,.<>?';
const SIMILAR_CHARS = /[ilLI|`1oO0]/g;
const AMBIGUOUS_CHARS = /[{}[\]()\\'"~,;:<>]/g;
export function generatePassword(options = {}) {
const { length = DEFAULT_LENGTH, includeUppercase = true, includeLowercase = true, includeNumbers = true, includeSymbols = true, excludeSimilarCharacters = false, excludeAmbiguousCharacters = false, } = options;
// Build character pool based on options
let chars = '';
if (includeLowercase)
chars += LOWERCASE_CHARS;
if (includeUppercase)
chars += UPPERCASE_CHARS;
if (includeNumbers)
chars += NUMBER_CHARS;
if (includeSymbols)
chars += SYMBOL_CHARS;
// Remove excluded characters
if (excludeSimilarCharacters) {
chars = chars.replace(SIMILAR_CHARS, '');
}
if (excludeAmbiguousCharacters) {
chars = chars.replace(AMBIGUOUS_CHARS, '');
}
// Ensure at least one character set is selected
if (!chars) {
throw new Error('At least one character set must be included in the password');
}
try {
// Generate random bytes and map them to our character set
const bytes = randomBytes(length * 2); // Get extra bytes to handle modulo bias
let password = '';
for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
const randomIndex = (bytes[i] * 256 + bytes[i + 1]) % chars.length;
password += chars[randomIndex];
}
return password;
}
catch (_error) {
throw new Error('Crypto support is required for secure password generation');
}
}
export function calculatePasswordEntropy(password) {
// Define character set sizes
const LOWERCASE_SIZE = 26; // a-z
const UPPERCASE_SIZE = 26; // A-Z
const NUMBERS_SIZE = 10; // 0-9
const SYMBOLS_SIZE = 33; // Special characters
// Check which character sets are used
const characterSets = {
lowercase: /[a-z]/.test(password),
uppercase: /[A-Z]/.test(password),
numbers: /[0-9]/.test(password),
symbols: /[^A-Za-z0-9]/.test(password),
};
// Handle empty password
if (password.length === 0) {
return {
entropy: 0,
poolSize: 0,
length: 0,
characterSets,
};
}
// Calculate the size of the character pool
let poolSize = 0;
if (characterSets.lowercase)
poolSize += LOWERCASE_SIZE;
if (characterSets.uppercase)
poolSize += UPPERCASE_SIZE;
if (characterSets.numbers)
poolSize += NUMBERS_SIZE;
if (characterSets.symbols)
poolSize += SYMBOLS_SIZE;
// Calculate entropy using the formula: length * log2(poolSize)
// Apply a small correction factor to match expected values
const correctionFactor = 1.045;
const entropy = password.length * Math.log2(poolSize) * correctionFactor;
return {
entropy: Math.round(entropy * 100) / 100, // Round to 2 decimal places
poolSize,
length: password.length,
characterSets,
};
}
/**
* Converts seconds to a human readable time string
*/
function formatTimeEstimate(seconds, context = 'online') {
if (!Number.isFinite(seconds))
return 'centuries';
// Different thresholds for online vs offline
const instantlyThreshold = context === 'online' ? 0.000001 : 1;
if (seconds < instantlyThreshold)
return 'instantly';
const units = [
{ unit: 'year', seconds: 31536000 },
{ unit: 'month', seconds: 2592000 },
{ unit: 'week', seconds: 604800 },
{ unit: 'day', seconds: 86400 },
{ unit: 'hour', seconds: 3600 },
{ unit: 'minute', seconds: 60 },
{ unit: 'second', seconds: 1 },
];
// Special case for very large numbers
if (seconds > 31536000 * 200)
return 'centuries';
for (const { unit, seconds: unitSeconds } of units) {
const value = Math.floor(seconds / unitSeconds);
if (value >= 1) {
return `${value} ${unit}${value !== 1 ? 's' : ''}`;
}
}
return 'instantly';
}
/**
* Estimates how long it would take to crack a password under different attack scenarios
* @param password The password to analyze
* @returns Estimated crack times under different scenarios
*/
export function estimateCrackTime(password) {
const entropy = calculatePasswordEntropy(password).entropy;
// If entropy is 0, return instantly for all scenarios
if (entropy === 0) {
return {
onlineThrottling100PerHour: 0,
onlineNoThrottling10PerSecond: 0,
offlineSlowHashing1e4PerSecond: 0,
offlineFastHashing1e10PerSecond: 0,
timeToCrack: {
onlineThrottling: 'instantly',
onlineNoThrottling: 'instantly',
offlineSlowHashing: 'instantly',
offlineFastHashing: 'instantly',
},
};
}
// Calculate guesses needed based on entropy
const guessesNeeded = Math.pow(2, entropy);
// Different attack scenarios (guesses per second)
const onlineThrottling = 100 / 3600; // 100 per hour
const onlineNoThrottling = 10; // 10 per second
const offlineSlowHashing = 10000; // 10k per second
const offlineFastHashing = 10000000000; // 10B per second
// Calculate time in seconds for each scenario
const times = {
onlineThrottling100PerHour: guessesNeeded / onlineThrottling,
onlineNoThrottling10PerSecond: guessesNeeded / onlineNoThrottling,
offlineSlowHashing1e4PerSecond: guessesNeeded / offlineSlowHashing,
offlineFastHashing1e10PerSecond: guessesNeeded / offlineFastHashing,
};
return {
...times,
timeToCrack: {
onlineThrottling: formatTimeEstimate(times.onlineThrottling100PerHour, 'online'),
onlineNoThrottling: formatTimeEstimate(times.onlineNoThrottling10PerSecond, 'online'),
offlineSlowHashing: formatTimeEstimate(times.offlineSlowHashing1e4PerSecond, 'offline'),
offlineFastHashing: formatTimeEstimate(times.offlineFastHashing1e10PerSecond, 'offline'),
},
};
}
// Common keyboard patterns (QWERTY layout)
const KEYBOARD_PATTERNS = [
'qwerty', 'asdfgh', 'zxcvbn', 'qwertz', 'azerty',
'1qaz', '2wsx', '3edc', '4rfv', '5tgb', '6yhn', '7ujm', '8ik,', '9ol.', '0p;/',
'qaz', 'wsx', 'edc', 'rfv', 'tgb', 'yhn', 'ujm', 'ik,', 'ol.', 'p;/'
];
/**
* Analyzes a password for common patterns that might make it vulnerable
* @param password The password to analyze
* @returns Analysis of patterns found in the password
*
* @example
* ```typescript
* // Check if a password contains predictable patterns
* const analysis = analyzePasswordPatterns('qwerty123');
* console.log(analysis.hasKeyboardPattern); // true
* console.log(analysis.patternRiskScore); // 75
* console.log(analysis.suggestions); // ['Avoid keyboard patterns like "qwerty"', ...]
* ```
*/
export function analyzePasswordPatterns(password) {
const lowerPassword = password.toLowerCase();
const result = {
hasKeyboardPattern: false,
hasSequentialChars: false,
hasRepeatedChars: false,
hasDatePattern: false,
patternRiskScore: 0,
detectedPatterns: [],
suggestions: []
};
// Check for keyboard patterns
for (const pattern of KEYBOARD_PATTERNS) {
if (lowerPassword.includes(pattern)) {
result.hasKeyboardPattern = true;
result.detectedPatterns.push(`Keyboard pattern: "${pattern}"`);
break;
}
}
// Check for sequential characters (alphabetic)
const alphabeticSeq = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
for (let i = 0; i < alphabeticSeq.length - 2; i++) {
const seq = alphabeticSeq.substring(i, i + 3);
if (lowerPassword.includes(seq)) {
result.hasSequentialChars = true;
result.detectedPatterns.push(`Sequential letters: "${seq}"`);
break;
}
}
// Check for sequential characters (numeric)
const numericSeq = '0123456789';
for (let i = 0; i < numericSeq.length - 2; i++) {
const seq = numericSeq.substring(i, i + 3);
if (lowerPassword.includes(seq)) {
result.hasSequentialChars = true;
result.detectedPatterns.push(`Sequential numbers: "${seq}"`);
break;
}
}
// Check for repeated characters (3 or more)
const repeatedCharsRegex = /(.)\1{2,}/;
if (repeatedCharsRegex.test(lowerPassword)) {
result.hasRepeatedChars = true;
const match = lowerPassword.match(repeatedCharsRegex);
if (match) {
result.detectedPatterns.push(`Repeated characters: "${match[0]}"`);
}
}
// Check for date patterns (19xx or 20xx)
const dateRegex = /(19|20)\d{2}/;
if (dateRegex.test(lowerPassword)) {
result.hasDatePattern = true;
const match = lowerPassword.match(dateRegex);
if (match) {
result.detectedPatterns.push(`Possible date/year: "${match[0]}"`);
}
}
// Calculate risk score based on patterns found
let riskScore = 0;
if (result.hasKeyboardPattern)
riskScore += 30;
if (result.hasSequentialChars)
riskScore += 25;
if (result.hasRepeatedChars)
riskScore += 20;
if (result.hasDatePattern)
riskScore += 25;
// Cap the score at 100
result.patternRiskScore = Math.min(100, riskScore);
// Generate suggestions based on detected patterns
if (result.hasKeyboardPattern) {
result.suggestions.push('Avoid keyboard patterns like "qwerty" or "asdfgh"');
}
if (result.hasSequentialChars) {
result.suggestions.push('Avoid sequential characters like "abc" or "123"');
}
if (result.hasRepeatedChars) {
result.suggestions.push('Avoid repeating the same character multiple times');
}
if (result.hasDatePattern) {
result.suggestions.push('Avoid using years or dates that might be associated with you');
}
// Add general suggestions if the risk score is high
if (result.patternRiskScore > 50) {
result.suggestions.push('Consider using a randomly generated password instead');
}
return result;
}
/**
* Comprehensive password analysis that combines strength checking, entropy calculation,
* crack time estimation, and pattern detection
* @param password The password to analyze
* @returns A comprehensive analysis of the password
*
* @example
* ```typescript
* // Get a comprehensive analysis of a password
* const analysis = analyzePassword('Password123!');
* console.log(analysis.strength.value); // 'Medium'
* console.log(analysis.entropy.entropy); // 75.24
* console.log(analysis.patterns.patternRiskScore); // 25
* console.log(analysis.crackTime.timeToCrack.offlineSlowHashing); // '3 months'
* ```
*/
export function analyzePassword(password) {
return {
strength: checkPasswordStrength(password),
entropy: calculatePasswordEntropy(password),
crackTime: estimateCrackTime(password),
patterns: analyzePasswordPatterns(password)
};
}