ripplelib/build/ripple-1.2.5-debug.js

A JavaScript API for interacting with Ripple in Node.js and the browser

var ripple =
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/* 0 */
/***/ function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {

	eval("'use strict';\n\nvar _Object$keys = __webpack_require__(28)['default'];\n\nexports.Remote = __webpack_require__(1).Remote;\nexports.Request = __webpack_require__(2).Request;\nexports.Amount = __webpack_require__(3).Amount;\nexports.Account = __webpack_require__(4).Account;\nexports.Transaction = __webpack_require__(5).Transaction;\nexports.Currency = __webpack_require__(6).Currency;\nexports.Base = __webpack_require__(7).Base;\nexports.UInt128 = __webpack_require__(8).UInt128;\nexports.UInt160 = __webpack_require__(9).UInt160;\nexports.UInt256 = __webpack_require__(10).UInt256;\nexports.Seed = __webpack_require__(11).Seed;\nexports.KeyPair = __webpack_require__(12).KeyPair;\nexports.Meta = __webpack_require__(13).Meta;\nexports.SerializedObject = __webpack_require__(14).SerializedObject;\nexports.RippleError = __webpack_require__(15).RippleError;\nexports.Message = __webpack_require__(16).Message;\nexports.binformat = __webpack_require__(17);\nexports.utils = __webpack_require__(18);\nexports.Server = __webpack_require__(19).Server;\nexports.Ledger = __webpack_require__(20).Ledger;\nexports.TransactionQueue = __webpack_require__(21).TransactionQueue;\nexports.RangeSet = __webpack_require__(22).RangeSet;\nexports.convertBase = __webpack_require__(23);\n\nexports._test = {\n  Log: __webpack_require__(24),\n  PathFind: __webpack_require__(25).PathFind,\n  TransactionManager: __webpack_require__(26).TransactionManager\n};\n\n// Important: We do not guarantee any specific version of SJCL or for any\n// specific features to be included. The version and configuration may change at\n// any time without warning.\n//\n// However, for programs that are tied to a specific version of ripple.js like\n// the official client, it makes sense to expose the SJCL instance so we don't\n// have to include it twice.\nexports.sjcl = __webpack_require__(18).sjcl;\nexports.types = __webpack_require__(27);\n\n// camelCase to under_scored API conversion\nfunction attachUnderscored(name) {\n  var o = exports[name];\n\n  _Object$keys(o.prototype).forEach(function (key) {\n    var UPPERCASE = /([A-Z]{1})[a-z]+/g;\n\n    if (!UPPERCASE.test(key)) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    var underscored = key.replace(UPPERCASE, function (c) {\n      return '_' + c.toLowerCase();\n    });\n\n    o.prototype[underscored] = o.prototype[key];\n  });\n}\n\n['Remote', 'Request', 'Transaction', 'Account', 'Server'].forEach(attachUnderscored);\n\n// vim:sw=2:sts=2:ts=8:et\n\n/*****************\n ** WEBPACK FOOTER\n ** ./src/index.js\n ** module id = 0\n ** module chunks = 0\n **/\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./src/index.js?");

/***/ },
/* 1 */
/***/ function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {

	eval("'use strict';\n\n// Interface to manage connections to rippled servers\n//\n// - We never send binary data.\n// - We use the W3C interface for node and browser compatibility:\n//   http://www.w3.org/TR/websockets/#the-websocket-interface\n//\n// This class is intended for both browser and Node.js use.\n//\n// This class is designed to work via peer protocol via either the public or\n// private WebSocket interfaces. The JavaScript class for the peer protocol\n// has not yet been implemented. However, this class has been designed for it\n// to be a very simple drop option.\n\nvar _Object$keys = __webpack_require__(28)['default'];\n\nvar EventEmitter = __webpack_require__(40).EventEmitter;\nvar util = __webpack_require__(41);\nvar assert = __webpack_require__(46);\nvar LRU = __webpack_require__(47);\nvar async = __webpack_require__(48);\nvar lodash = __webpack_require__(42);\nvar Server = __webpack_require__(19).Server;\nvar Request = __webpack_require__(2).Request;\nvar Amount = __webpack_require__(3).Amount;\nvar Currency = __webpack_require__(6).Currency;\nvar UInt160 = __webpack_require__(9).UInt160;\nvar UInt256 = __webpack_require__(10).UInt256;\nvar Transaction = __webpack_require__(5).Transaction;\nvar Account = __webpack_require__(4).Account;\nvar Meta = __webpack_require__(13).Meta;\nvar OrderBook = __webpack_require__(29).OrderBook;\nvar PathFind = __webpack_require__(25).PathFind;\nvar SerializedObject = __webpack_require__(14).SerializedObject;\nvar RippleError = __webpack_require__(15).RippleError;\nvar utils = __webpack_require__(18);\nvar hashprefixes = __webpack_require__(30);\nvar log = __webpack_require__(24).internal.sub('remote');\nvar Seed = __webpack_require__(11).Seed;\nvar KeyPair = __webpack_require__(12).KeyPair;\n\n/**\r\n * Interface to manage connections to rippled servers\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} Options\r\n */\n\nfunction Remote() {\n  var options = arguments.length <= 0 || arguments[0] === undefined ? {} : arguments[0];\n\n  EventEmitter.call(this);\n\n  var self = this;\n\n  lodash.merge(this, lodash.defaults(options, Remote.DEFAULTS));\n\n  this.state = 'offline'; // 'online', 'offline'\n  this._server_fatal = false; // server exited\n  this._stand_alone = undefined;\n  this._testnet = undefined;\n\n  this._ledger_current_index = undefined;\n  this._ledger_hash = undefined;\n  this._ledger_time = undefined;\n\n  this._connection_count = 0;\n  this._connected = false;\n  this._should_connect = true;\n\n  this._transaction_listeners = 0;\n  this._received_tx = new LRU({ max: 100 });\n  this._cur_path_find = null;\n\n  if (this.local_signing) {\n    // Local signing implies local fees and sequences\n    this.local_sequence = true;\n    this.local_fee = true;\n  }\n\n  this._servers = [];\n  this._primary_server = undefined;\n\n  // Cache information for accounts.\n  // DEPRECATED, will be removed\n  // Consider sequence numbers stable if you know you're not generating bad\n  // transactions.\n  // Otherwise, clear it to have it automatically refreshed from the network.\n  // account : { seq : __ }\n  this.accounts = {};\n\n  // Account objects by AccountId.\n  this._accounts = {};\n\n  // OrderBook objects\n  this._books = {};\n\n  // Secrets that we know about.\n  // Secrets can be set by calling set_secret(account, secret).\n  // account : secret\n  this.secrets = {};\n\n  // cache keypairs.\n  this.keyPairs = {};\n\n  // Cache for various ledgers.\n  // XXX Clear when ledger advances.\n  this.ledgers = {\n    current: {\n      account_root: {}\n    }\n  };\n\n  if (typeof this.trusted !== 'boolean') {\n    throw new TypeError('trusted must be a boolean');\n  }\n  if (typeof this.trace !== 'boolean') {\n    throw new TypeError('trace must be a boolean');\n  }\n  if (typeof this.allow_partial_history !== 'boolean') {\n    throw new TypeError('allow_partial_history must be a boolean');\n  }\n  if (typeof this.max_fee !== 'number') {\n    throw new TypeError('max_fee must be a number');\n  }\n  if (typeof this.max_attempts !== 'number') {\n    throw new TypeError('max_attempts must be a number');\n  }\n  if (typeof this.fee_cushion !== 'number') {\n    throw new TypeError('fee_cushion must be a number');\n  }\n  if (typeof this.local_signing !== 'boolean') {\n    throw new TypeError('local_signing must be a boolean');\n  }\n  if (typeof this.local_fee !== 'boolean') {\n    throw new TypeError('local_fee must be a boolean');\n  }\n  if (typeof this.local_sequence !== 'boolean') {\n    throw new TypeError('local_sequence must be a boolean');\n  }\n  if (typeof this.canonical_signing !== 'boolean') {\n    throw new TypeError('canonical_signing must be a boolean');\n  }\n  if (typeof this.submission_timeout !== 'number') {\n    throw new TypeError('submission_timeout must be a number');\n  }\n  if (typeof this.last_ledger_offset !== 'number') {\n    throw new TypeError('last_ledger_offset must be a number');\n  }\n  if (typeof this.orderbook_limit !== 'number') {\n    throw new TypeError('orderbook_limit must be a number');\n  }\n  if (!Array.isArray(this.servers)) {\n    throw new TypeError('servers must be an array');\n  }\n\n  this.setMaxListeners(this.max_listeners);\n\n  this.servers.forEach(function (serverOptions) {\n    var server = self.addServer(serverOptions);\n    server.setMaxListeners(self.max_listeners);\n  });\n\n  function listenersModified(action, event) {\n    // Automatically subscribe and unsubscribe to orderbook\n    // on the basis of existing event listeners\n    if (lodash.contains(Remote.TRANSACTION_EVENTS, event)) {\n      switch (action) {\n        case 'add':\n          if (++self._transaction_listeners === 1) {\n            self.requestSubscribe('transactions').request();\n          }\n          break;\n        case 'remove':\n          if (--self._transaction_listeners === 0) {\n            self.requestUnsubscribe('transactions').request();\n          }\n          break;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  this.on('newListener', function (event) {\n    listenersModified('add', event);\n  });\n\n  this.on('removeListener', function (event) {\n    listenersModified('remove', event);\n  });\n}\n\nutil.inherits(Remote, EventEmitter);\n\nRemote.DEFAULTS = {\n  trusted: false,\n  trace: false,\n  allow_partial_history: true,\n  local_sequence: true,\n  local_fee: true,\n  local_signing: true,\n  canonical_signing: true,\n  fee_cushion: 1.2,\n  max_fee: 1000000, // 1 XRP\n  max_attempts: 10,\n  submission_timeout: 1000 * 20,\n  last_ledger_offset: 3,\n  orderbook_limit: 100,\n  servers: [],\n  max_listeners: 0 // remove Node EventEmitter warnings\n};\n\nRemote.TRANSACTION_EVENTS = ['transaction', 'transaction_all'];\n\n// Flags for ledger entries. In support of account_root().\nRemote.flags = {\n  // AccountRoot\n  account_root: {\n    PasswordSpent: 0x00010000, // password set fee is spent\n    RequireDestTag: 0x00020000, // require a DestinationTag for payments\n    RequireAuth: 0x00040000, // require a authorization to hold IOUs\n    DisallowXRP: 0x00080000, // disallow sending XRP\n    DisableMaster: 0x00100000, // force regular key\n    DefaultRipple: 0x00800000,\n    NoFreeze: 0x00200000, // permanently disallowed freezing trustlines\n    GlobalFreeze: 0x00400000 // trustlines globally frozen\n  },\n  // Offer\n  offer: {\n    Passive: 0x00010000,\n    Sell: 0x00020000 // offer was placed as a sell\n  },\n  // Ripple state\n  state: {\n    LowReserve: 0x00010000, // entry counts toward reserve\n    HighReserve: 0x00020000,\n    LowAuth: 0x00040000,\n    HighAuth: 0x00080000,\n    LowNoRipple: 0x00100000,\n    HighNoRipple: 0x00200000,\n    LowFreeze: 0x00400000,\n    HighFreeze: 0x00800000\n  }\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Check that server message is valid\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} message\r\n * @return Boolean\r\n */\n\nRemote.isValidMessage = function (message) {\n  return typeof message === 'object' && typeof message.type === 'string';\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Check that server message contains valid\r\n * ledger data\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} message\r\n * @return {Boolean}\r\n */\n\nRemote.isValidLedgerData = function (message) {\n  return typeof message === 'object' && typeof message.fee_base === 'number' && typeof message.fee_ref === 'number' && typeof message.ledger_hash === 'string' && typeof message.ledger_index === 'number' && typeof message.ledger_time === 'number' && typeof message.reserve_base === 'number' && typeof message.reserve_inc === 'number';\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Check that server message contains valid\r\n * load status data\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} message\r\n * @return {Boolean}\r\n */\n\nRemote.isValidLoadStatus = function (message) {\n  return typeof message.load_base === 'number' && typeof message.load_factor === 'number';\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Check that provided ledger is validated\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} ledger\r\n * @return {Boolean}\r\n */\n\nRemote.isValidated = function (message) {\n  return message && typeof message === 'object' && message.validated === true;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Set the emitted state: 'online' or 'offline'\r\n *\r\n * @param {String} state\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype._setState = function (state) {\n  if (this.state !== state) {\n    if (this.trace) {\n      log.info('set_state:', state);\n    }\n\n    this.state = state;\n    this.emit('state', state);\n\n    switch (state) {\n      case 'online':\n        this._online_state = 'open';\n        this._connected = true;\n        this.emit('connect');\n        this.emit('connected');\n        break;\n      case 'offline':\n        this._online_state = 'closed';\n        this._connected = false;\n        this.emit('disconnect');\n        this.emit('disconnected');\n        break;\n    }\n  }\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Inform remote that the remote server is not comming back.\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.setServerFatal = function () {\n  this._server_fatal = true;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Enable debug output\r\n *\r\n * @param {Boolean} trace\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.setTrace = function (trace) {\n  this.trace = trace === undefined || trace;\n  return this;\n};\n\nRemote.prototype._trace = function () {\n  if (this.trace) {\n    log.info.apply(log, arguments);\n  }\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Store a secret - allows the Remote to automatically fill\r\n * out auth information.\r\n *\r\n * @param {String} account\r\n * @param {String} secret\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.setSecret = function (account, secret, id) {\n  this.secrets[account] = secret;\n\n  // try to cache keypairs, so we don't need to re-generate it for each tx.\n  this.setKey(account, this.generateKey(secret, id));\n};\n\n// Generate KeyPair from given secret.\n// id could be an address, or index of account family.\nRemote.prototype.generateKey = Remote.prototype.generateKeyPair = function (secret, id) {\n  try {\n    return Seed.from_json(secret).get_key(id);\n  } catch (e) {\n    throw new Error('Invalid Secret!');\n  }\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Store a keypair \r\n *\r\n * @param {String} account\r\n * @param {String | KeyPair} privatekey string or KeyPair\r\n *   privatekey can be in Hex, RFC1751, base58\r\n */\nRemote.prototype.setKey = Remote.prototype.setKeyPair = function (account, key) {\n  key = KeyPair.from_json(key);\n  if (!key.is_valid()) throw new Error('Invalid private/keyPair!');\n  this.keyPairs[account] = key;\n};\n\n// get keypairs from cache, or generate from secret;\nRemote.prototype.getKey = Remote.prototype.getKeyPair = function (account) {\n  var key = this.keyPairs[account];\n  if (!key) key = this.keyPairs[account] = this.generateKey(this.secrets[account]);\n  return key;\n};\n\nRemote.prototype.addServer = function (options) {\n  var self = this;\n  var server = new Server(this, options);\n\n  function serverMessage(data) {\n    self._handleMessage(data, server);\n  }\n\n  server.on('message', serverMessage);\n\n  function serverConnect() {\n    self._connection_count += 1;\n\n    if (options.primary) {\n      self._setPrimaryServer(server);\n    }\n    if (self._connection_count === 1) {\n      self._setState('online');\n    }\n    if (self._connection_count === self._servers.length) {\n      self.emit('ready');\n    }\n  }\n\n  server.on('connect', serverConnect);\n\n  function serverDisconnect() {\n    self._connection_count--;\n    if (self._connection_count === 0) {\n      self._setState('offline');\n    }\n  }\n\n  server.on('disconnect', serverDisconnect);\n\n  this._servers.push(server);\n\n  return server;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Reconnect to Ripple network\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.reconnect = function () {\n  if (!this._should_connect) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  log.info('reconnecting');\n\n  this._servers.forEach(function (server) {\n    server.reconnect();\n  });\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Connect to the Ripple network\r\n *\r\n * @param {Function} callback\r\n * @api public\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.connect = function (callback) {\n  if (!this._servers.length) {\n    throw new Error('No servers available.');\n  }\n\n  if (typeof callback !== 'function') callback = function () {};\n\n  if (this.isConnected()) {\n    callback();\n    return this;\n  }\n\n  this.once('connect', callback);\n  this._should_connect = true;\n\n  this._servers.forEach(function (server) {\n    server.connect();\n  });\n\n  return this;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Disconnect from the Ripple network.\r\n *\r\n * @param {Function} callback\r\n * @api public\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.disconnect = function (callback_) {\n  if (!this._servers.length) {\n    throw new Error('No servers available, not disconnecting');\n  }\n\n  var callback = lodash.isFunction(callback_) ? callback_ : function () {};\n\n  this._should_connect = false;\n\n  if (!this.isConnected()) {\n    callback();\n    return this;\n  }\n\n  this.once('disconnect', callback);\n\n  this._servers.forEach(function (server) {\n    server.disconnect();\n  });\n\n  this._set_state('offline');\n\n  return this;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Handle server message. Server messages are proxied to\r\n * the Remote, such that global events can be handled\r\n *\r\n * It is possible for messages to be dispatched after the\r\n * connection is closed.\r\n *\r\n * @param {JSON} message\r\n * @param {Server} server\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype._handleMessage = function (message, server) {\n  if (!Remote.isValidMessage(message)) {\n    // Unexpected response from remote.\n    var error = new RippleError('remoteUnexpected', 'Unexpected response from remote: ' + JSON.stringify(message));\n\n    this.emit('error', error);\n    log.error(error);\n    return;\n  }\n\n  switch (message.type) {\n    case 'ledgerClosed':\n      this._handleLedgerClosed(message, server);\n      break;\n    case 'serverStatus':\n      this._handleServerStatus(message, server);\n      break;\n    case 'transaction':\n      this._handleTransaction(message, server);\n      break;\n    case 'path_find':\n      this._handlePathFind(message, server);\n      break;\n    default:\n      if (this.trace) {\n        log.info(message.type + ': ', message);\n      }\n      break;\n  }\n};\n\nRemote.prototype.getLedgerSequence = function () {\n  if (!this._ledger_current_index) {\n    throw new Error('Ledger sequence has not yet been initialized');\n  }\n  return this._ledger_current_index;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Handle server ledger_closed event\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} message\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype._handleLedgerClosed = function (message, server) {\n  var self = this;\n\n  // XXX If not trusted, need to verify we consider ledger closed.\n  // XXX Also need to consider a slow server or out of order response.\n  // XXX Be more defensive fields could be missing or of wrong type.\n  // YYY Might want to do some cache management.\n  if (!Remote.isValidLedgerData(message)) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  var ledgerAdvanced = message.ledger_index >= this._ledger_current_index;\n\n  if (isNaN(this._ledger_current_index) || ledgerAdvanced) {\n    this._ledger_time = message.ledger_time;\n    this._ledger_hash = message.ledger_hash;\n    this._ledger_current_index = message.ledger_index + 1;\n\n    if (this.isConnected()) {\n      this.emit('ledger_closed', message, server);\n    } else {\n      this.once('connect', function () {\n        // Delay until server is 'online'\n        self.emit('ledger_closed', message, server);\n      });\n    }\n  }\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Handle server server_status event\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} message\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype._handleServerStatus = function (message, server) {\n  this.emit('server_status', message, server);\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Handle server transaction event\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} message\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype._handleTransaction = function (message, server) {\n  // XXX If not trusted, need proof.\n  var transactionHash = message.transaction.hash;\n\n  if (this._received_tx.get(transactionHash)) {\n    // De-duplicate transactions\n    return;\n  }\n\n  if (message.validated) {\n    this._received_tx.set(transactionHash, true);\n  }\n\n  if (this.trace) {\n    log.info('tx:', message);\n  }\n\n  var metadata = message.meta || message.metadata;\n\n  if (metadata) {\n    // Process metadata\n    message.mmeta = new Meta(metadata);\n\n    // Pass the event on to any related Account objects\n    message.mmeta.getAffectedAccounts().forEach(function (account) {\n      if (this._accounts[account]) {\n        this._accounts[account].notify(message);\n      }\n    }, this);\n\n    // Pass the event on to any related OrderBooks\n    message.mmeta.getAffectedBooks().forEach(function (book) {\n      if (this._books[book]) {\n        this._books[book].notify(message);\n      }\n    }, this);\n  } else {\n    // Transaction could be from proposed transaction stream\n    // XX\n    ['Account', 'Destination'].forEach(function (prop) {\n      if (this._accounts[message.transaction[prop]]) {\n        this._accounts[message.transaction[prop]].notify(message);\n      }\n    }, this);\n  }\n\n  this.emit('transaction', message, server);\n  this.emit('transaction_all', message, server);\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Handle server path_find event\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} message\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype._handlePathFind = function (message, server) {\n  // Pass the event to the currently open PathFind object\n  if (this._cur_path_find) {\n    this._cur_path_find.notify_update(message);\n  }\n\n  this.emit('path_find_all', message, server);\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Returns the current ledger hash\r\n *\r\n * @return {String} ledger hash\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.getLedgerHash = function () {\n  return this._ledger_hash;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Set primary server. Primary server will be selected\r\n * to handle requested regardless of its internally-tracked\r\n * priority score\r\n *\r\n * @param {Server} server\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype._setPrimaryServer = Remote.prototype.setPrimaryServer = function (server) {\n  if (this._primary_server) {\n    this._primary_server._primary = false;\n  }\n  this._primary_server = server;\n  this._primary_server._primary = true;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Get connected state\r\n *\r\n * @return {Boolean} connected\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.isConnected = function () {\n  return this._connected;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Get array of connected servers\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.getConnectedServers = function () {\n  return this._servers.filter(function (server) {\n    return server.isConnected();\n  });\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Select a server to handle a request. Servers are\r\n * automatically prioritized\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype._getServer = Remote.prototype.getServer = function () {\n  if (this._primary_server && this._primary_server.isConnected()) {\n    return this._primary_server;\n  }\n\n  if (!this._servers.length) {\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  var connectedServers = this.getConnectedServers();\n  if (connectedServers.length === 0 || !connectedServers[0]) {\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  var server = connectedServers[0];\n  var cScore = server._score + server._fee;\n\n  for (var i = 1; i < connectedServers.length; i++) {\n    var _server = connectedServers[i];\n    var bScore = _server._score + _server._fee;\n    if (bScore < cScore) {\n      server = _server;\n      cScore = bScore;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return server;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Send a request. This method is called internally by Request\r\n * objects. Each Request contains a reference to Remote, and\r\n * Request.request calls Request.remote.request\r\n *\r\n * @param {Request} request\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.request = function (request_) {\n  var request = request_;\n\n  if (typeof request === 'string') {\n    if (!/^request_/.test(request)) {\n      request = 'request_' + request;\n    }\n\n    if (typeof this[request] === 'function') {\n      var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);\n      return this[request].apply(this, args);\n    }\n\n    throw new Error('Command does not exist: ' + request);\n  }\n\n  if (!(request instanceof Request)) {\n    throw new Error('Argument is not a Request');\n  }\n\n  if (!this._servers.length) {\n    return request.emit('error', new Error('No servers available'));\n  }\n  if (!this.isConnected()) {\n    return this.once('connect', this.request.bind(this, request));\n  }\n  if (request.server === null) {\n    return request.emit('error', new Error('Server does not exist'));\n  }\n\n  var server = request.server || this.getServer();\n  if (server) {\n    server._request(request);\n  } else {\n    request.emit('error', new Error('No servers available'));\n  }\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request ping\r\n *\r\n * @param [String] server host\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request} request\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.ping = Remote.prototype.requestPing = function (host, callback_) {\n  var request = new Request(this, 'ping');\n  var callback = callback_;\n\n  switch (typeof host) {\n    case 'function':\n      callback = host;\n      break;\n    case 'string':\n      request.setServer(host);\n      break;\n  }\n\n  var then = Date.now();\n\n  request.once('success', function () {\n    request.emit('pong', Date.now() - then);\n  });\n\n  request.callback(callback, 'pong');\n\n  return request;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request server_info\r\n *\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request} request\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestServerInfo = function (callback) {\n  return new Request(this, 'server_info').callback(callback);\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request ledger\r\n *\r\n * @return {Request} request\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestLedger = function (options, callback_) {\n  // XXX This is a bad command. Some variants don't scale.\n  // XXX Require the server to be trusted.\n  // utils.assert(this.trusted);\n\n  var request = new Request(this, 'ledger');\n  var callback = callback_;\n\n  switch (typeof options) {\n    case 'undefined':\n      break;\n    case 'function':\n      callback = options;\n      break;\n\n    case 'object':\n      if (!options) {\n        break;\n      }\n\n      _Object$keys(options).forEach(function (o) {\n        switch (o) {\n          case 'full':\n          case 'expand':\n          case 'transactions':\n          case 'accounts':\n            request.message[o] = options[o] ? true : false;\n            break;\n          case 'ledger':\n            request.selectLedger(options.ledger);\n            break;\n          case 'ledger_index':\n          case 'ledger_hash':\n            request.message[o] = options[o];\n            break;\n          case 'closed':\n          case 'current':\n          case 'validated':\n            request.message.ledger_index = o;\n            break;\n        }\n      }, options);\n      break;\n\n    default:\n      request.selectLedger(options);\n      break;\n  }\n\n  request.callback(callback);\n\n  return request;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request ledger_closed\r\n *\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request} request\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestLedgerClosed = Remote.prototype.requestLedgerHash = function (callback) {\n  // utils.assert(this.trusted);   // If not trusted, need to check proof.\n  return new Request(this, 'ledger_closed').callback(callback);\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request ledger_header\r\n *\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request} request\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestLedgerHeader = function (callback) {\n  return new Request(this, 'ledger_header').callback(callback);\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request ledger_current\r\n *\r\n * Get the current proposed ledger entry. May be closed (and revised)\r\n * at any time (even before returning).\r\n *\r\n * Only for unit testing.\r\n *\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request} request\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestLedgerCurrent = function (callback) {\n  return new Request(this, 'ledger_current').callback(callback);\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request ledger_data\r\n *\r\n * Get the contents of a specified ledger\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} options\r\n * @property {Boolean} [options.binary]- Flag which determines if rippled\r\n * returns binary or parsed JSON\r\n * @property {String|Number} [options.ledger] - Hash or sequence of a ledger\r\n * to get contents for\r\n * @property {Number} [options.limit] - Number of contents to retrieve\r\n * from the ledger\r\n * @property {Function} callback\r\n *\r\n * @callback\r\n * @param {Error} error\r\n * @param {LedgerData} ledgerData\r\n *\r\n * @return {Request} request\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestLedgerData = function (options, callback) {\n  var request = new Request(this, 'ledger_data');\n\n  request.message.binary = options.binary !== false;\n  request.selectLedger(options.ledger);\n  request.message.limit = options.limit;\n\n  request.once('success', function (res) {\n    if (options.binary === false) {\n      request.emit('state', res);\n      return;\n    }\n\n    function iterator(ledgerData, next) {\n      async.setImmediate(function () {\n        next(null, Remote.parseBinaryLedgerData(ledgerData));\n      });\n    }\n\n    function complete(err, state) {\n      if (err) {\n        request.emit('error', err);\n      } else {\n        res.state = state;\n        request.emit('state', res);\n      }\n    }\n\n    async.mapSeries(res.state, iterator, complete);\n  });\n\n  request.callback(callback, 'state');\n\n  return request;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request ledger_entry\r\n *\r\n * @param [String] type\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request} request\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestLedgerEntry = function (type, callback_) {\n  // utils.assert(this.trusted);\n  // If not trusted, need to check proof, maybe talk packet protocol.\n\n  var self = this;\n\n  var request = new Request(this, 'ledger_entry');\n  var callback = lodash.isFunction(type) ? type : callback_;\n\n  // Transparent caching. When .request() is invoked, look in the Remote object\n  // for the result.  If not found, listen, cache result, and emit it.\n  //\n  // Transparent caching:\n  if (type === 'account_root') {\n    request.request_default = request.request;\n\n    request.request = function () {\n      // Intercept default request.\n      var bDefault = true;\n\n      if (!self._ledger_hash && type === 'account_root') {\n        var cache = self.ledgers.current.account_root;\n\n        if (!cache) {\n          cache = self.ledgers.current.account_root = {};\n        }\n\n        var node = self.ledgers.current.account_root[request.message.account_root];\n\n        if (node) {\n          // Emulate fetch of ledger entry.\n          // console.log('request_ledger_entry: emulating');\n          // YYY Missing lots of fields.\n          request.emit('success', { node: node });\n          bDefault = false;\n        } else {\n          // Was not cached.\n          // XXX Only allow with trusted mode.  Must sync response with advance\n          switch (type) {\n            case 'account_root':\n              request.once('success', function (message) {\n                // Cache node.\n                // console.log('request_ledger_entry: caching');\n                self.ledgers.current.account_root[message.node.Account] = message.node;\n              });\n              break;\n\n            default:\n            // This type not cached.\n            // console.log('request_ledger_entry: non-cached type');\n          }\n        }\n      }\n\n      if (bDefault) {\n        // console.log('request_ledger_entry: invoking');\n        request.request_default();\n      }\n    };\n  }\n\n  request.callback(callback);\n\n  return request;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request subscribe\r\n *\r\n * @param {Array} streams\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request} request\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestSubscribe = function (streams, callback) {\n  var request = new Request(this, 'subscribe');\n\n  if (streams) {\n    request.message.streams = Array.isArray(streams) ? streams : [streams];\n  }\n\n  request.callback(callback);\n\n  return request;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request usubscribe\r\n *\r\n * @param {Array} streams\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request} request\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestUnsubscribe = function (streams, callback) {\n  var request = new Request(this, 'unsubscribe');\n\n  if (streams) {\n    request.message.streams = Array.isArray(streams) ? streams : [streams];\n  }\n\n  request.callback(callback);\n\n  return request;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request transaction_entry\r\n *\r\n * @param {String} transaction hash\r\n * @param {String|Number} ledger hash or sequence\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request} request\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestTransactionEntry = function (options_, callback_) {\n  // If not trusted, need to check proof, maybe talk packet protocol.\n  // utils.assert(this.trusted);\n  var options = undefined,\n      callback = callback_;\n\n  if (lodash.isPlainObject(options_)) {\n    options = lodash.merge({\n      ledger: options_.ledger_index || options_.ledger_hash\n    }, options_);\n  } else {\n    log.warn('DEPRECATED: First argument to request constructor should be' + ' an object containing request properties');\n\n    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);\n\n    if (lodash.isFunction(lodash.last(args))) {\n      callback = args.pop();\n    }\n\n    options = {\n      hash: args.shift(),\n      ledger: args.shift()\n    };\n  }\n\n  var request = new Request(this, 'transaction_entry');\n  request.txHash(options.hash);\n\n  switch (typeof options.ledger) {\n    case 'string':\n    case 'number':\n      request.selectLedger(options.ledger);\n      break;\n    case 'undefined':\n      request.ledgerIndex('validated');\n      break;\n    default:\n      throw new Error('ledger must be a ledger index or hash');\n  }\n\n  request.callback(callback);\n\n  return request;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request tx\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object|String} hash\r\n * @property {String} hash.hash           - Transaction hash\r\n * @property {Boolean} [hash.binary=true] - Flag which determines if rippled\r\n * returns binary or parsed JSON\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request} request\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestTransaction = Remote.prototype.requestTx = function (options_, callback_) {\n  var options = undefined,\n      callback = callback_;\n\n  if (lodash.isPlainObject(options_)) {\n    options = lodash.merge({}, options_);\n  } else {\n    log.warn('DEPRECATED: First argument to request constructor should be' + ' an object containing request properties');\n\n    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);\n\n    if (lodash.isFunction(lodash.last(args))) {\n      callback = args.pop();\n    }\n\n    options = {\n      hash: args.shift(),\n      binary: args.shift()\n    };\n  }\n\n  var request = new Request(this, 'tx');\n  request.message.binary = options.binary !== false;\n  request.message.transaction = options.hash;\n\n  request.once('success', function (res) {\n    if (options.binary === false) {\n      request.emit('transaction', res);\n      return;\n    }\n\n    request.emit('transaction', Remote.parseBinaryTransaction(res));\n  });\n\n  request.callback(callback, 'transaction');\n\n  return request;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Account Request\r\n *\r\n * Optional paging with limit and marker options\r\n * supported in rippled for 'account_lines' and 'account_offers'\r\n *\r\n * The paged responses aren't guaranteed to be reliable between\r\n * ledger closes. You have to supply a ledger_index or ledger_hash\r\n * when paging to ensure a complete response\r\n *\r\n * @param {String} type - request name, e.g. 'account_lines'\r\n * @param {Object} options - all optional\r\n *   @param {String} account - ripple address\r\n *   @param {String} peer - ripple address\r\n *   @param [String|Number] ledger identifier\r\n *   @param [Number] limit - max results per response\r\n *   @param {String} marker - start position in response paging\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request}\r\n * @throws {Error} if a marker is provided, but no ledger_index or ledger_hash\r\n */\n\nRemote.accountRequest = function (command, options_, callback_) {\n  var options = undefined,\n      callback = callback_;\n\n  if (lodash.isPlainObject(options_)) {\n    options = lodash.merge({}, options_);\n  } else {\n    log.warn('DEPRECATED: First argument to request constructor should be' + ' an object containing request properties');\n\n    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);\n\n    if (lodash.isFunction(lodash.last(args))) {\n      callback = args.pop();\n    }\n\n    options = {\n      account: args.shift(),\n      peer: args.shift(),\n      ledger: args.shift(),\n      limit: args.shift(),\n      marker: args.shift()\n    };\n  }\n\n  var _options = options;\n  var account = _options.account;\n  var ledger = _options.ledger;\n  var peer = _options.peer;\n  var limit = _options.limit;\n  var marker = _options.marker;\n\n  // if a marker is given, we need a ledger\n  // check if a valid ledger_index or ledger_hash is provided\n  if (marker) {\n    if (!(Number(ledger) > 0) && !UInt256.is_valid(ledger)) {\n      throw new Error('A ledger_index or ledger_hash must be provided when using a marker');\n    }\n  }\n\n  var request = new Request(this, command);\n\n  if (account) {\n    account = UInt160.json_rewrite(account);\n    request.message.account = account;\n  }\n\n  request.selectLedger(ledger);\n\n  if (UInt160.is_valid(peer)) {\n    request.message.peer = UInt160.json_rewrite(peer);\n  }\n\n  if (!isNaN(limit)) {\n    limit = Number(limit);\n\n    // max for 32-bit unsigned int is 4294967295\n    // we'll clamp to 1e9\n    if (limit > 1e9) {\n      limit = 1e9;\n    }\n    // min for 32-bit unsigned int is 0\n    // we'll clamp to 0\n    if (limit < 0) {\n      limit = 0;\n    }\n\n    request.message.limit = limit;\n  }\n\n  if (marker) {\n    request.message.marker = marker;\n  }\n\n  ['strict', 'queue', 'signer_lists'].forEach(function (key) {\n    if (_options.hasOwnProperty(key)) request.message[key] = _options[key];\n  });\n\n  request.callback(callback);\n\n  return request;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request account_info\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} options\r\n *   @param {String} account - ripple address\r\n *   @param {String} peer - ripple address\r\n *   @param [String|Number] ledger identifier\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request}\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestAccountInfo = function () {\n  for (var _len = arguments.length, args = Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n    args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n  }\n\n  var options = ['account_info'].concat(args);\n  return Remote.accountRequest.apply(this, options);\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request account_currencies\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} options\r\n *   @param {String} account - ripple address\r\n *   @param {String} peer - ripple address\r\n *   @param [String|Number] ledger identifier\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request}\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestAccountCurrencies = function () {\n  for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n    args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n  }\n\n  var options = ['account_currencies'].concat(args);\n  return Remote.accountRequest.apply(this, options);\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request account_lines\r\n *\r\n * Requests for account_lines support paging, provide a limit and marker\r\n * to page through responses.\r\n *\r\n * The paged responses aren't guaranteed to be reliable between\r\n * ledger closes. You have to supply a ledger_index or ledger_hash\r\n * when paging to ensure a complete response\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} options\r\n *   @param {String} account - ripple address\r\n *   @param {String} peer - ripple address\r\n *   @param [String|Number] ledger identifier\r\n *   @param [Number] limit - max results per response\r\n *   @param {String} marker - start position in response paging\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request}\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestAccountLines = function () {\n  for (var _len3 = arguments.length, args = Array(_len3), _key3 = 0; _key3 < _len3; _key3++) {\n    args[_key3] = arguments[_key3];\n  }\n\n  // XXX Does this require the server to be trusted?\n  // utils.assert(this.trusted);\n  var options = ['account_lines'].concat(args);\n  return Remote.accountRequest.apply(this, options);\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request account_offers\r\n *\r\n * Requests for account_offers support paging, provide a limit and marker\r\n * to page through responses.\r\n *\r\n * The paged responses aren't guaranteed to be reliable between\r\n * ledger closes. You have to supply a ledger_index or ledger_hash\r\n * when paging to ensure a complete response\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} options\r\n *   @param {String} account - ripple address\r\n *   @param [String|Number] ledger identifier\r\n *   @param [Number] limit - max results per response\r\n *   @param {String} marker - start position in response paging\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request}\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestAccountOffers = function () {\n  for (var _len4 = arguments.length, args = Array(_len4), _key4 = 0; _key4 < _len4; _key4++) {\n    args[_key4] = arguments[_key4];\n  }\n\n  var options = ['account_offers'].concat(args);\n  return Remote.accountRequest.apply(this, options);\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request account_tx\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} options\r\n *\r\n *    @param {String} account\r\n *    @param [Number] ledger_index_min defaults to -1\r\n *    @param [Number] ledger_index_max defaults to -1\r\n *    @param [Boolean] binary, defaults to true\r\n *    @param [Boolean] parseBinary, defaults to true\r\n *    @param [Boolean] count, defaults to false\r\n *    @param [Boolean] descending, defaults to false\r\n *    @param [Number] offset, defaults to 0\r\n *    @param [Number] limit\r\n *\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request}\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestAccountTransactions = Remote.prototype.requestAccountTx = function (options, callback) {\n  // XXX Does this require the server to be trusted?\n  // utils.assert(this.trusted);\n\n  var request = new Request(this, 'account_tx');\n\n  options.binary = options.binary !== false;\n\n  if (options.min_ledger !== undefined) {\n    options.ledger_index_min = options.min_ledger;\n  }\n\n  if (options.max_ledger !== undefined) {\n    options.ledger_index_max = options.max_ledger;\n  }\n\n  if (options.binary && options.parseBinary === undefined) {\n    options.parseBinary = true;\n  }\n\n  _Object$keys(options).forEach(function (o) {\n    switch (o) {\n      case 'account':\n      case 'ledger_index_min': // earliest\n      case 'ledger_index_max': // latest\n      case 'binary': // false\n      case 'count': // false\n      case 'descending': // false\n      case 'offset': // 0\n      case 'limit':\n\n      // extended account_tx\n      case 'forward': // false\n      case 'marker':\n        request.message[o] = this[o];\n        break;\n    }\n  }, options);\n\n  request.once('success', function (res) {\n    if (!options.parseBinary) {\n      request.emit('transactions', res);\n      return;\n    }\n\n    function iterator(transaction, next) {\n      async.setImmediate(function () {\n        next(null, Remote.parseBinaryAccountTransaction(transaction));\n      });\n    }\n\n    function complete(err, transactions) {\n      if (err) {\n        request.emit('error', err);\n      } else {\n        res.transactions = transactions;\n        request.emit('transactions', res);\n      }\n    }\n\n    async.mapSeries(res.transactions, iterator, complete);\n  });\n\n  request.callback(callback, 'transactions');\n\n  return request;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * @param {Object} transaction\r\n * @return {Transaction}\r\n */\n\nRemote.parseBinaryAccountTransaction = function (transaction) {\n  var tx_obj = new SerializedObject(transaction.tx_blob);\n  var tx_obj_json = tx_obj.to_json();\n  var meta = new SerializedObject(transaction.meta).to_json();\n\n  var tx_result = {\n    validated: transaction.validated\n  };\n\n  tx_result.meta = meta;\n  tx_result.tx = tx_obj_json;\n  tx_result.tx.hash = tx_obj.hash(hashprefixes.HASH_TX_ID).to_hex();\n  tx_result.tx.ledger_index = transaction.ledger_index;\n  tx_result.tx.inLedger = transaction.ledger_index;\n\n  if (typeof meta.DeliveredAmount === 'object') {\n    tx_result.meta.delivered_amount = meta.DeliveredAmount;\n  } else {\n    switch (typeof tx_obj_json.Amount) {\n      case 'string':\n      case 'object':\n        tx_result.meta.delivered_amount = tx_obj_json.Amount;\n        break;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return tx_result;\n};\n\nRemote.parseBinaryTransaction = function (transaction) {\n  var tx_obj = new SerializedObject(transaction.tx).to_json();\n  var meta = new SerializedObject(transaction.meta).to_json();\n\n  var tx_result = tx_obj;\n\n  tx_result.date = transaction.date;\n  tx_result.hash = transaction.hash;\n  tx_result.inLedger = transaction.inLedger;\n  tx_result.ledger_index = transaction.ledger_index;\n  tx_result.meta = meta;\n  tx_result.validated = transaction.validated;\n\n  switch (typeof meta.DeliveredAmount) {\n    case 'string':\n    case 'object':\n      tx_result.meta.delivered_amount = meta.DeliveredAmount;\n      break;\n    default:\n      switch (typeof tx_obj.Amount) {\n        case 'string':\n        case 'object':\n          tx_result.meta.delivered_amount = tx_obj.Amount;\n          break;\n      }\n  }\n\n  return tx_result;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Parse binary ledger state data\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} ledgerData\r\n * @property {String} ledgerData.data\r\n * @property {String} ledgerData.index\r\n *\r\n * @return {State}\r\n */\n\nRemote.parseBinaryLedgerData = function (ledgerData) {\n  var data = new SerializedObject(ledgerData.data).to_json();\n  data.index = ledgerData.index;\n  return data;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request the overall transaction history.\r\n *\r\n * Returns a list of transactions that happened recently on the network. The\r\n * default number of transactions to be returned is 20.\r\n *\r\n * @param [Number] start\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request}\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestTransactionHistory = Remote.prototype.requestTxHistory = function (start_, callback_) {\n  // XXX Does this require the server to be trusted?\n  // utils.assert(this.trusted);\n\n  var request = new Request(this, 'tx_history');\n  var start = start_;\n  var callback = callback_;\n\n  if (lodash.isPlainObject(start)) {\n    start = start.start;\n  } else {\n    log.warn('DEPRECATED: First argument to request constructor should be' + ' an object containing request properties');\n  }\n\n  request.message.start = start;\n  request.callback(callback);\n\n  return request;\n};\n\n/**\r\n * Request book_offers\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} options\r\n *   @param {Object} options.gets - taker_gets with issuer and currency\r\n *   @param {Object} options.pays - taker_pays with issuer and currency\r\n *   @param {String} [options.taker]\r\n *   @param {String} [options.ledger]\r\n *   @param {String|Number} [options.limit]\r\n * @param [Function] callback\r\n * @return {Request}\r\n */\n\nRemote.prototype.requestBookOffers = function (options_, callback_) {\n  var options = undefined,\n      callback = callback_;\n\n  if (options_.gets || options_.taker_gets) {\n    options = lodash.merge({\n      pays: options_.taker_pays,\n      gets: options_.taker_gets\n    }, options_);\n  } else {\n    log.warn('DEPRECATED: First argument to request constructor should be' + ' an object containing request properties');\n\n    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);\n\n    if (lodash.isFunction(lodash.last(args))) {\n      callback = args.pop();\n    }\n\n    options = {\n      gets: args.shift(),\n      pays: args.shift(),\n      taker: args.shift(),\n      ledger: args.shift(),\n      limit: args.shift()\n    };\n  }\n\n  var _options2 = options;\n  var gets = _options2.gets;\n  var pays = _options2.pays;\n  var taker = _options2.taker;\n  var ledger = _options2.ledger;\n  var limit = _options2.limit;\n\n  var request = new Request(this, 'book_offers');\n\n  request.message.taker_gets = {\n    currency: Currency.json_rewrite(gets.currency, { force_hex: true })\n  };\n\n  if (!Currency.from_json(request.message.taker_gets.currency).is_native()) {\n    request.message.taker_gets.issuer = UInt160.json_rewrite(gets.issuer);\n  }\n\n  request.message.taker_pays = {\n    currency: Currency.json_rewrite(pays.currency, { force_hex: true })\n  };\n\n  if (!Currency.from_json(request.message.taker_pays.currency).is_native()) {\n    request.message.taker_pays.issuer = UInt160.json_rewrite(pays.issuer);\n  }\n\n  request.message.taker = taker ? taker : UInt160.ACCOUNT_ONE;\n  request.selectLedger(ledger);\n\n  if (!isNaN(limit)) {\n    limit = Number(limit);\n\n    // max for 32-bit unsigned int is 4294967295\n    // we'll clamp to 1e9\