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# [![vfile][]][unified]
[![Build][build-badge]][build]
[![Coverage][coverage-badge]][coverage]
[![Downloads][downloads-badge]][downloads]
[![Size][size-badge]][size]
[![Sponsors][sponsors-badge]][collective]
[![Backers][backers-badge]][collective]
[![Chat][chat-badge]][chat]
**vfile** is a virtual file format part of the [unified][] [collective][].
## Intro
**vfile** is a virtual file format used by [**unified**][unified], a text
processing umbrella (it powers [**retext**][retext] for natural language,
[**remark**][remark] for markdown, and [**rehype**][rehype] for HTML).
Each processors that parse, transform, and compile text, and need a virtual
representation of files and a place to store [messages][] about them.
Plus, they work in the browser.
**vfile** provides these requirements at a small size.
* Visit [`unified.js.org`][website] and try its [guides][] for an overview
* Read [unified][]’s readme for a technical intro
* Follow us on [Medium][] and [Twitter][] to see what we’re up to
* Check out [Contribute][] below to find out how to help out
> **vfile** is different from the excellent [**vinyl**][vinyl] in that it has
> a smaller API, a smaller size, and focuses on [messages][].
vfile can be used anywhere where files need a lightweight representation.
For example, it’s used in:
* [`documentation`](https://github.com/documentationjs/documentation)
— The documentation system for modern JavaScript
* [`awoo`](https://github.com/awoojs/awoo)
— Declarative small site generator
* [`geojsonhint`](https://github.com/mapbox/geojsonhint)
— Complete, fast, standards-based validation for geojson
## Sponsors
<!--lint ignore no-html maximum-line-length-->
<table>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a href="https://zeit.co"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/14985020?s=400&v=4"></a>
<br><br>🥇
<a href="https://zeit.co">ZEIT</a>
</td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a href="https://www.gatsbyjs.org"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/12551863?s=400&v=4"></a>
<br><br>🥇
<a href="https://www.gatsbyjs.org">Gatsby</a></td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a href="https://compositor.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/19245838?s=400&v=4"></a>
<br><br>🥉
<a href="https://compositor.io">Compositor</a>
</td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a href="https://www.holloway.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/35904294?s=400&v=4"></a>
<br><br>
<a href="https://www.holloway.com">Holloway</a>
</td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<br><br><br><br>
<a href="https://opencollective.com/unified"><strong>You?</strong>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
[**Read more about the unified collective on Medium »**][announcement]
## Install
[npm][]:
```sh
npm install vfile
```
## Table of Contents
* [Usage](#usage)
* [API](#api)
* [VFile(\[options\])](#vfileoptions)
* [vfile.contents](#vfilecontents)
* [vfile.cwd](#vfilecwd)
* [vfile.path](#vfilepath)
* [vfile.basename](#vfilebasename)
* [vfile.stem](#vfilestem)
* [vfile.extname](#vfileextname)
* [vfile.dirname](#vfiledirname)
* [vfile.history](#vfilehistory)
* [vfile.messages](#vfilemessages)
* [vfile.data](#vfiledata)
* [VFile#toString(\[encoding\])](#vfiletostringencoding)
* [VFile#message(reason\[, position\]\[, origin\])](#vfilemessagereason-position-origin)
* [VFile#info(reason\[, position\]\[, origin\])](#vfileinforeason-position-origin)
* [VFile#fail(reason\[, position\]\[, origin\])](#vfilefailreason-position-origin)
* [Utilities](#utilities)
* [Reporters](#reporters)
* [Contribute](#contribute)
* [Acknowledgments](#acknowledgments)
* [License](#license)
## Usage
```js
var vfile = require('vfile')
var file = vfile({path: '~/example.txt', contents: 'Alpha *braavo* charlie.'})
file.path // => '~/example.txt'
file.dirname // => '~'
file.extname = '.md'
file.basename // => 'example.md'
file.basename = 'index.text'
file.history // => ['~/example.txt', '~/example.md', '~/index.text']
file.message('`braavo` is misspelt; did you mean `bravo`?', {
line: 1,
column: 8
})
console.log(file.messages)
```
Yields:
```js
[ { [~/index.text:1:8: `braavo` is misspelt; did you mean `bravo`?]
message: '`braavo` is misspelt; did you mean `bravo`?',
name: '~/index.text:1:8',
file: '~/index.text',
reason: '`braavo` is misspelt; did you mean `bravo`?',
line: 1,
column: 8,
location: { start: [Object], end: [Object] },
ruleId: null,
source: null,
fatal: false } ]
```
## API
### `VFile([options])`
Create a new virtual file.
If `options` is `string` or `Buffer`, treats it as `{contents: options}`.
If `options` is a `VFile`, returns it.
All other options are set on the newly created `vfile`.
Path related properties are set in the following order (least specific to most
specific): `history`, `path`, `basename`, `stem`, `extname`, `dirname`.
It’s not possible to set either `dirname` or `extname` without setting either
`history`, `path`, `basename`, or `stem` as well.
###### Example
```js
vfile()
vfile('console.log("alpha");')
vfile(Buffer.from('exit 1'))
vfile({path: path.join(__dirname, 'readme.md')})
vfile({stem: 'readme', extname: '.md', dirname: __dirname})
vfile({other: 'properties', are: 'copied', ov: {e: 'r'}})
```
### `vfile.contents`
`Buffer`, `string`, `null` — Raw value.
### `vfile.cwd`
`string` — Base of `path`.
Defaults to `process.cwd()`.
### `vfile.path`
`string?` — Path of `vfile`.
Cannot be nullified.
### `vfile.basename`
`string?` — Current name (including extension) of `vfile`.
Cannot contain path separators.
Cannot be nullified either (use `file.path = file.dirname` instead).
### `vfile.stem`
`string?` — Name (without extension) of `vfile`.
Cannot be nullified, and cannot contain path separators.
### `vfile.extname`
`string?` — Extension (with dot) of `vfile`.
Cannot be set if there’s no `path` yet and cannot contain path separators.
### `vfile.dirname`
`string?` — Path to parent directory of `vfile`.
Cannot be set if there’s no `path` yet.
### `vfile.history`
`Array.<string>` — List of file-paths the file moved between.
### `vfile.messages`
[`Array.<VMessage>`][message] — List of messages associated with the file.
### `vfile.data`
`Object` — Place to store custom information.
It’s OK to store custom data directly on the `vfile`, moving it to `data` gives
a *little* more privacy.
### `VFile#toString([encoding])`
Convert contents of `vfile` to string.
If `contents` is a buffer, `encoding` is used to stringify buffers (default:
`'utf8'`).
### `VFile#message(reason[, position][, origin])`
Associates a message with the file, where `fatal` is set to `false`.
Constructs a new [`VMessage`][vmessage] and adds it to
[`vfile.messages`][messages].
##### Returns
[`VMessage`][vmessage].
### `VFile#info(reason[, position][, origin])`
Associates an informational message with the file, where `fatal` is set to
`null`.
Calls [`#message()`][message] internally.
##### Returns
[`VMessage`][vmessage].
### `VFile#fail(reason[, position][, origin])`
Associates a fatal message with the file, then immediately throws it.
Note: fatal errors mean a file is no longer processable.
Calls [`#message()`][message] internally.
##### Throws
[`VMessage`][vmessage].
## Utilities
The following list of projects includes tools for working with virtual files.
See **[unist][]** for projects working with nodes.
* [`convert-vinyl-to-vfile`](https://github.com/dustinspecker/convert-vinyl-to-vfile)
— Convert from [Vinyl][]
* [`is-vfile-message`](https://github.com/shinnn/is-vfile-message)
— Check if a value is a `VMessage` object
* [`to-vfile`](https://github.com/vfile/to-vfile)
— Create a virtual file from a file-path (and optionally read it)
* [`vfile-find-down`](https://github.com/vfile/vfile-find-down)
— Find files by searching the file system downwards
* [`vfile-find-up`](https://github.com/vfile/vfile-find-up)
— Find files by searching the file system upwards
* [`vfile-glob`](https://github.com/shinnn/vfile-glob)
— Find files by glob patterns
* [`vfile-is`](https://github.com/vfile/vfile-is)
— Check if a file passes a test
* [`vfile-location`](https://github.com/vfile/vfile-location)
— Convert between line/column- and range-based locations
* [`vfile-message`](https://github.com/vfile/vfile-message)
— Create a `VMessage` object (used in `vfile` itself)
* [`vfile-messages-to-vscode-diagnostics`](https://github.com/shinnn/vfile-messages-to-vscode-diagnostics)
— Convert to VS Code diagnostics
* [`vfile-statistics`](https://github.com/vfile/vfile-statistics)
— Count messages per category
* [`vfile-sort`](https://github.com/vfile/vfile-sort)
— Sort messages by line/column
* [`vfile-to-eslint`](https://github.com/vfile/vfile-to-eslint)
— Convert vfiles to ESLint formatter compatible output
## Reporters
The following list of projects show linting results for given virtual files.
Reporters *must* accept `Array.<VFile>` as their first argument, and return
`string`.
Reporters *may* accept other values too, in which case it’s suggested to stick
to `vfile-reporter`s interface.
* [`vfile-reporter`][reporter]
— Stylish reporter
* [`vfile-reporter-json`](https://github.com/vfile/vfile-reporter-json)
— JSON reporter
* [`vfile-reporter-folder-json`](https://github.com/vfile/vfile-reporter-folder-json)
— JSON reporter with a folder structure
* [`vfile-reporter-pretty`](https://github.com/vfile/vfile-reporter-pretty)
— Pretty reporter
## Contribute
See [`contributing.md`][contributing] in [`vfile/.github`][health] for ways to
get started.
See [`support.md`][support] for ways to get help.
Ideas for new utilities and tools can be posted in [`vfile/ideas`][ideas].
This project has a [Code of Conduct][coc].
By interacting with this repository, organisation, or community you agree to
abide by its terms.
## Acknowledgments
The initial release of this project was authored by
[**@wooorm**](https://github.com/wooorm).
Thanks to [**@contra**](https://github.com/contra),
[**@phated**](https://github.com/phated), and others for their work on
[Vinyl][], which was a huge inspiration.
Thanks to
[**@brendo**](https://github.com/brendo),
[**@shinnn**](https://github.com/shinnn),
[**@KyleAMathews**](https://github.com/KyleAMathews),
[**@sindresorhus**](https://github.com/sindresorhus), and
[**@denysdovhan**](https://github.com/denysdovhan)
for contributing commits since!
## License
[MIT][license] © [Titus Wormer][author]
<!-- Definitions -->
[build-badge]: https://img.shields.io/travis/vfile/vfile.svg
[build]: https://travis-ci.org/vfile/vfile
[coverage-badge]: https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/vfile/vfile.svg
[coverage]: https://codecov.io/github/vfile/vfile
[downloads-badge]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/vfile.svg
[downloads]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/vfile
[size-badge]: https://img.shields.io/bundlephobia/minzip/vfile.svg
[size]: https://bundlephobia.com/result?p=vfile
[sponsors-badge]: https://opencollective.com/unified/sponsors/badge.svg
[backers-badge]: https://opencollective.com/unified/backers/badge.svg
[collective]: https://opencollective.com/unified
[chat-badge]: https://img.shields.io/badge/join%20the%20community-on%20spectrum-7b16ff.svg
[chat]: https://spectrum.chat/unified/vfile
[npm]: https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/install
[contributing]: https://github.com/vfile/.github/blob/master/contributing.md
[support]: https://github.com/vfile/.github/blob/master/support.md
[health]: https://github.com/vfile/.github
[coc]: https://github.com/vfile/.github/blob/master/code-of-conduct.md
[license]: license
[author]: https://wooorm.com
[vfile]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vfile/vfile/7e1e6a6/logo.svg?sanitize=true
[unified]: https://github.com/unifiedjs/unified
[retext]: https://github.com/retextjs/retext
[remark]: https://github.com/remarkjs/remark
[rehype]: https://github.com/rehypejs/rehype
[vinyl]: https://github.com/gulpjs/vinyl
[unist]: https://github.com/syntax-tree/unist#list-of-utilities
[reporter]: https://github.com/vfile/vfile-reporter
[vmessage]: https://github.com/vfile/vfile-message
[messages]: #vfilemessages
[message]: #vfilemessagereason-position-origin
[website]: https://unified.js.org
[guides]: https://unified.js.org/#guides
[contribute]: #contribute
[ideas]: https://github.com/vfile/ideas
[medium]: https://medium.com/unifiedjs
[announcement]: https://medium.com/unifiedjs/collectively-evolving-through-crowdsourcing-22c359ea95cc
[twitter]: https://twitter.com/unifiedjs