quick-find-union-find/README.md

Quick Find Union Find using ES next

QuickFindUF is based on
http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/15uf/QuickFindUF.java.html

 The QuickFindUF class represents a `union–find data type`
 (also known as the `disjoint-sets data type`).
 It supports the `union` and `find` operations,
 along with a `connected` operation for determining whether
 two sites are in the same component and a `count` operation that
 returns the total number of components.

 The union–find data type models connectivity among a set of `n`
 sites, named 0 through `n`–1.
 The `is-connected-to` relation must be an
 `equivalence relation`:

 -  `Reflexive`: `p` is connected to `p`.
 -  `Symmetric`: If `p` is connected to `q`,
      then `q` is connected to `p`.
 -  `Transitive`: If `p` is connected to `q`
         and `q` is connected to `r`, then
         `p` is connected to `r`.

 An equivalence relation partitions the sites into
 `equivalence classes` (or `components`). In this case,
 two sites are in the same component if and only if they are connected.
 Both sites and components are identified with integers between 0 and
 `n`–1.
 Initially, there are `n` components, with each site in its
 own component.  The `component identifier` of a component
 (also known as the `root`, `canonical element`, `leader`,
 or `set representative`) is one of the sites in the component:
 two sites have the same component identifier if and only if they are
 in the same component.

 - `union`(`p`, `q`) adds a
     connection between the two sites `p` and `q`.
     If `p` and `q` are in different components,
     then it replaces
     these two components with a new component that is the union of
     the two.
 - `find`(`p`) returns the component
     identifier of the component containing `p`.
 - `connected`(`p`, `q`)
     returns true if both `p` and `q`
    are in the same component, and false otherwise.
 - `count`() returns the number of components.


 The component identifier of a component can change
 only when the component itself changes during a call to
 `union`—it cannot change during a call
 to `find`, `connected`, or `count`.

 This implementation uses quick find.
 Initializing a data structure with `n` sites takes linear time.
 Afterwards, the `find`, `connected`, and `count`
 operations take constant time but the `union` operation
 takes linear time.

 For additional documentation, see <a href="http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/15uf">Section 1.5</a> of
 *Algorithms, 4th Edition* by Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.