node-goo
Version:
A command line google/question answering utility
399 lines • 119 kB
HTML
<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Spaghetti (disambiguation)">Spaghetti (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<table class="infobox hrecipe adr" style="width:22em">
<caption class="fn"><span>Spaghetti</span></caption>
<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaghettoni.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Spaghettoni.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Spaghettoni.jpg/250px-Spaghettoni.jpg" width="250" height="333" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Spaghettoni.jpg/375px-Spaghettoni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Spaghettoni.jpg/500px-Spaghettoni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072"></a>
<div style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Spaghetti hung to dry</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="note">
<th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th>
<td class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th>
<td class="ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina">Semolina</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></a> <a href="//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cookbook:_Spaghetti" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Cookbook: Spaghetti">Cookbook: Spaghetti</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="12" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></a> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Spaghetti" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Spaghetti">Media: Spaghetti</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table class="infobox nowrap" style="width:22em">
<caption style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Spaghetti (enriched, dry)</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Nutritional value per 1/2 cup (70 grams)</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th>
<td>460 kJ (110 kcal)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">
<div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div>
</th>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">
<div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">22g</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0g</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1g</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">
<div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div>
</th>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">
<div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.5g</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated</a></th>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0g</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Trans_fat" title="Trans fat">Trans</a></th>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0g</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">
<div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div>
</th>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">
<div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">4g</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a></th>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">
<div style="float: right;">(0%)</div>
0 μg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">
<div style="float: right;">(0%)</div>
0 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary element">Minerals</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium#Nutrition" title="Calcium">Calcium</a></th>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">
<div style="float: right;">(0%)</div>
0 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Iron#Biological_role" title="Iron">Iron</a></th>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">
<div style="float: right;">(31%)</div>
4 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium#Biological_role" title="Sodium">Sodium</a></th>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">
<div style="float: right;">(0%)</div>
0 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
<hr>
<div class="wrap" style="font-size:90%;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;">Source: USDA <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
<div class="plainlist" style="font-size:90%;background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.15em;line-height:1.25em;">
<ul>
<li>Units</li>
<li>μg = <a href="/wiki/Microgram" title="Microgram">micrograms</a> • mg = <a href="/wiki/Milligram" class="mw-redirect" title="Milligram">milligrams</a></li>
<li>IU = <a href="/wiki/International_unit" title="International unit">International units</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="wrap" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;">Percentages are roughly approximated using <a href="/wiki/Dietary_Reference_Intake" title="Dietary Reference Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults.</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><b>Spaghetti</b> (<small>Italian pronunciation: </small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Italian" title="Help:IPA for Italian">[spaˈɡetti]</a></span>) is a long, thin, cylindrical, solid <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dict_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dict-2">[2]</a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a> of traditional <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian cuisine</a>. Like other pasta, spaghetti is made of <a href="/wiki/Milling_(grinding)" class="mw-redirect" title="Milling (grinding)">milled</a> <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>. Italian spaghetti is made from <a href="/wiki/Durum" title="Durum">durum</a> wheat <a href="/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina">semolina</a>, but elsewhere it may be made with other kinds of <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nhg_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhg-3">[3]</a></sup></p>
<p>Originally spaghetti was notably long, but shorter lengths gained in popularity during the latter half of the 20th century and now spaghetti is most commonly available in 25–30 cm (10–12 in) lengths. A variety of pasta <a href="/wiki/Dish_(food)" title="Dish (food)">dishes</a> are based on it.</p>
<p></p>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<span class="toctoggle"> [<a href="#" id="togglelink">hide</a>] </span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Ingredients"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Ingredients</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Production"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Production</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Fresh_spaghetti"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Fresh spaghetti</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Dried_spaghetti"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dried spaghetti</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Preparation"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Preparation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Serving"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Serving</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Italian_cuisine"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Italian cuisine</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#International_cuisine"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">International cuisine</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Spaghetti_dishes"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Spaghetti dishes</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Market"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Market</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Consumption"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Consumption</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Nutrition"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Nutrition</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Records"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Records</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#In_popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">In popular culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span></h2>
<p><i>Spaghetti</i> is the plural form of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> word <i>spaghetto</i>, which is a diminutive of <i>spago</i>, meaning "thin string" or "twine".<sup id="cite_ref-dict_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dict-2">[2]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pasta#History" title="Pasta">Pasta § History</a></div>
<p>Pasta in the West may have first been worked into long, thin forms in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> around the 12th century, as the <a href="/wiki/Tabula_Rogeriana" title="Tabula Rogeriana">Tabula Rogeriana</a> of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Idrisi" title="Muhammad al-Idrisi">Muhammad al-Idrisi</a> attested, reporting some traditions about the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicilian kingdom">Sicilian kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> In the 5th century AD, it was known that pasta could be cooked through <a href="/wiki/Boiling" title="Boiling">boiling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> The popularity of spaghetti spread throughout Italy after the establishment of spaghetti factories in the 19th century, enabling the mass production of spaghetti for the Italian market.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup></p>
<p>In the United States around the end of the 19th century, spaghetti was offered in restaurants as <i>Spaghetti Italienne</i> (which likely consisted of noodles cooked past <i><a href="/wiki/Al_dente" title="Al dente">al dente</a></i>, and a mild tomato sauce flavored with easily found spices and vegetables such as <a href="/wiki/Cloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloves">cloves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay leaves">bay leaves</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>) and it was not until decades later that it came to be commonly prepared with <a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">oregano</a> or <a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">basil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Levenstein_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levenstein-9">[9]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Ingredients">Ingredients</span></h2>
<p>Spaghetti is made from ground grain (flour) and water.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> Whole-wheat and multigrain spaghetti are also available.<sup id="cite_ref-nhg_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhg-3">[3]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Production">Production</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Fresh_spaghetti">Fresh spaghetti</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasta_machine_2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pasta_machine_2.jpg/220px-Pasta_machine_2.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pasta_machine_2.jpg/330px-Pasta_machine_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pasta_machine_2.jpg/440px-Pasta_machine_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasta_machine_2.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
Fresh spaghetti being prepared using a pasta machine</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>At its simplest, spaghetti can be formed using no more than a rolling pin and a knife. A home pasta machine simplifies the rolling, and makes the cutting more uniform. Fresh spaghetti would normally be cooked within hours of being formed. Commercial versions of 'fresh' spaghetti are manufactured.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup></p>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Dried_spaghetti">Dried spaghetti</span></h3>
<p>The bulk of dried spaghetti is produced in factories using auger <a href="/wiki/Food_extrusion" title="Food extrusion">extruders</a>. While essentially simple, the process requires attention to detail to ensure that the mixing and kneading of the ingredients produces a homogeneous mix, without air bubbles. The forming dies have to be water cooled to prevent spoiling of the pasta by overheating. Drying of the newly formed spaghetti has to be carefully controlled to prevent strands sticking together, and to leave it with sufficient moisture so that it is not too brittle. Packaging for protection and display has developed from paper wrapping to plastic bags and boxes.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup></p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;">
<div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydraulic_Spaghetti_Press_with_Automatic_Spreader_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_001.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Hydraulic_Spaghetti_Press_with_Automatic_Spreader_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_001.jpg/162px-Hydraulic_Spaghetti_Press_with_Automatic_Spreader_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_001.jpg" width="162" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Hydraulic_Spaghetti_Press_with_Automatic_Spreader_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_001.jpg/243px-Hydraulic_Spaghetti_Press_with_Automatic_Spreader_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Hydraulic_Spaghetti_Press_with_Automatic_Spreader_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_001.jpg/324px-Hydraulic_Spaghetti_Press_with_Automatic_Spreader_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3889" data-file-height="5272"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>A hydraulic press with automatic spreader built by <a href="/wiki/Demaco" title="Demaco">Consolidated Macaroni Machine Corporation</a>, Brooklyn, New York. This machine was the first ever made to spread long cut alimentary paste products on to a drying stick for the automatic production of spaghetti.</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;">
<div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Industrial_spaghetti_dryer_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_01.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Industrial_spaghetti_dryer_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_01.jpg/177px-Industrial_spaghetti_dryer_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_01.jpg" width="177" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Industrial_spaghetti_dryer_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_01.jpg/265px-Industrial_spaghetti_dryer_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Industrial_spaghetti_dryer_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_01.jpg/353px-Industrial_spaghetti_dryer_built_by_Consolidated_Macaroni_Machine_Corporation_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1672" data-file-height="2082"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>An industrial dryer for spaghetti or other long goods pasta products. Built by Consolidated Macaroni Machine Corporation</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;">
<div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaghetti_spiral,_2008.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Spaghetti_spiral%2C_2008.jpg/126px-Spaghetti_spiral%2C_2008.jpg" width="126" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Spaghetti_spiral%2C_2008.jpg/189px-Spaghetti_spiral%2C_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Spaghetti_spiral%2C_2008.jpg/252px-Spaghetti_spiral%2C_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="768"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Dried spaghetti</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Preparation">Preparation</span></h2>
<p>Fresh or dry spaghetti is cooked in a large pot of salted, boiling water and then drained in a <a href="/wiki/Colander" title="Colander">colander</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <span lang="it" xml:lang="it"><i>scolapasta</i></span>).</p>
<p>In Italy, spaghetti is generally cooked <i><a href="/wiki/Al_dente" title="Al dente">al dente</a></i> (Italian for "to the tooth"), fully cooked but still firm to the bite. It may also be cooked to a softer consistency.</p>
<p><i>Spaghettoni</i> is a thicker spaghetti which takes more time to cook. <i>Spaghettini</i> is a thinner form which takes less time to cook. <i><a href="/wiki/Capellini" title="Capellini">Capellini</a></i> is a very thin form of spaghetti (it may be called "angel hair spaghetti" in English) which cooks very quickly.</p>
<p><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_utensil" title="Kitchen utensil">Utensils</a> used in spaghetti preparation include the spaghetti scoop and spaghetti tongs.</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;">
<div style="margin:20.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaghetti-cooking.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Spaghetti-cooking.jpg/200px-Spaghetti-cooking.jpg" width="200" height="149" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Spaghetti-cooking.jpg/300px-Spaghetti-cooking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Spaghetti-cooking.jpg/400px-Spaghetti-cooking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2586" data-file-height="1923"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Spaghetti being placed into a pot of boiling water for cooking</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;">
<div style="margin:50.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaghettiheber-02.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Spaghettiheber-02.jpg/200px-Spaghettiheber-02.jpg" width="200" height="89" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Spaghettiheber-02.jpg/300px-Spaghettiheber-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Spaghettiheber-02.jpg/400px-Spaghettiheber-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2836" data-file-height="1260"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>A spaghetti scoop</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;">
<div style="margin:47px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaghettizaang.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Spaghettizaang.jpg/200px-Spaghettizaang.jpg" width="200" height="96" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Spaghettizaang.jpg/300px-Spaghettizaang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Spaghettizaang.jpg/400px-Spaghettizaang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3538" data-file-height="1700"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Spaghetti tongs</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<p><i>Spaghetti</i> can also be cooked successfully in a microwave oven.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Serving">Serving</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Italian_cuisine">Italian cuisine</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:241px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaghetti_carbonara_-_Trishhhh.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Spaghetti_carbonara_-_Trishhhh.jpg/239px-Spaghetti_carbonara_-_Trishhhh.jpg" width="239" height="179" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Spaghetti_carbonara_-_Trishhhh.jpg/359px-Spaghetti_carbonara_-_Trishhhh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Spaghetti_carbonara_-_Trishhhh.jpg/478px-Spaghetti_carbonara_-_Trishhhh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaghetti_carbonara_-_Trishhhh.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
Classic Spaghetti alla <a href="/wiki/Carbonara" title="Carbonara">carbonara</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>An emblem of <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian cuisine</a>, spaghetti is frequently served with <a href="/wiki/Tomato_sauce" title="Tomato sauce">tomato sauce</a>, which may contain various <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">herbs</a>, (especially <a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">oregano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">basil</a>), <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Vegetables" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a>. Other spaghetti preparations include <a href="/wiki/Amatriciana_sauce" title="Amatriciana sauce">amatriciana</a> or <a href="/wiki/Carbonara" title="Carbonara">carbonara</a>. Grated hard <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheeses</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Pecorino_Romano" title="Pecorino Romano">Pecorino Romano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parmigiano_Reggiano" class="mw-redirect" title="Parmigiano Reggiano">Parmesan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grana_Padano" title="Grana Padano">Grana Padano</a>, are often sprinkled on top.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="International_cuisine">International cuisine</span></h3>
<p>In some countries, spaghetti is sold in cans/tins with sauce.</p>
<p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="United States cuisine">United States</a>, it is sometimes served with <a href="/wiki/Chili_con_carne" title="Chili con carne">chili con carne</a>. Unlike in Italy, abroad spaghetti is often served with <a href="/wiki/Bolognese_sauce" title="Bolognese sauce">Bolognese sauce</a>.</p>
<p><i>Sapaketti phat khi mao</i> (Spaghetti fried <a href="/wiki/Drunken_noodle" class="mw-redirect" title="Drunken noodle">drunken noodle</a> style) is a popular dish in <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Spaghetti_dishes">Spaghetti dishes</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_pasta_dishes" title="List of pasta dishes">List of pasta dishes</a>.</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_aglio_e_olio" title="Spaghetti aglio e olio">Spaghetti aglio e olio</a> – ("spaghetti with garlic and oil" in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>), a traditional Italian pasta dish coming from <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alla_puttanesca" title="Spaghetti alla puttanesca">Spaghetti alla puttanesca</a> – (literally "spaghetti whore-style" in Italian), a tangy, somewhat salty Italian pasta dish invented in the mid-20th century. The ingredients are typical of Southern Italian cuisine: tomatoes, olive oil, olives, capers and garlic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZanini_De_VitaFant201368_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZanini_De_VitaFant201368-15">[15]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alle_vongole" title="Spaghetti alle vongole">Spaghetti alle vongole</a> – Italian for "spaghetti with <a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">clams</a>", it is very popular throughout Italy, especially its central regions, including Rome and further south in <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> (where it is part of traditional <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan cuisine</a>).</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_with_meatballs" title="Spaghetti with meatballs">Spaghetti with meatballs</a> – an <a href="/wiki/Italian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian American">Italian-American</a> dish that usually consists of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs</li>
</ul>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center">
<li class="gallerycaption">Spaghetti dishes</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 218.817px;">
<div style="width: 218.817px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 216.817px;">
<div style="margin: 0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaghetti_di_Gragnano_e_colatura_di_alici.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Spaghetti_di_Gragnano_e_colatura_di_alici.jpg/304px-Spaghetti_di_Gragnano_e_colatura_di_alici.jpg" width="216" height="145" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Spaghetti_di_Gragnano_e_colatura_di_alici.jpg/458px-Spaghetti_di_Gragnano_e_colatura_di_alici.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Spaghetti_di_Gragnano_e_colatura_di_alici.jpg/610px-Spaghetti_di_Gragnano_e_colatura_di_alici.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1861"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_aglio_e_olio" title="Spaghetti aglio e olio">Spaghetti aglio e olio</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194.251px;">
<div style="width: 194.251px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 192.251px;">
<div style="margin: 0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Food_2010-by-RaBoe-060.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Food_2010-by-RaBoe-060.jpg/270px-Food_2010-by-RaBoe-060.jpg" width="192" height="145" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Food_2010-by-RaBoe-060.jpg/406px-Food_2010-by-RaBoe-060.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Food_2010-by-RaBoe-060.jpg/540px-Food_2010-by-RaBoe-060.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1111" data-file-height="833"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alla_puttanesca" title="Spaghetti alla puttanesca">Spaghetti alla puttanesca</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204.932px;">
<div style="width: 204.932px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 202.932px;">
<div style="margin: 0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaghetti_alle_vongole.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Spaghetti_alle_vongole.jpg/285px-Spaghetti_alle_vongole.jpg" width="202" height="145" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Spaghetti_alle_vongole.jpg/430px-Spaghetti_alle_vongole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Spaghetti_alle_vongole.jpg/572px-Spaghetti_alle_vongole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1133"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alle_vongole" title="Spaghetti alle vongole">Spaghetti alle vongole</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216.749px;">
<div style="width: 216.749px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 215.749px;">
<div style="margin: 0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pollo_funghi_spaghetti_-_Paesano_Restaurant.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pollo_funghi_spaghetti_-_Paesano_Restaurant.jpg/302px-Pollo_funghi_spaghetti_-_Paesano_Restaurant.jpg" width="215" height="145" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pollo_funghi_spaghetti_-_Paesano_Restaurant.jpg/455px-Pollo_funghi_spaghetti_-_Paesano_Restaurant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pollo_funghi_spaghetti_-_Paesano_Restaurant.jpg/606px-Pollo_funghi_spaghetti_-_Paesano_Restaurant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1370"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Spaghetti con pollo e funghi</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194.251px;">
<div style="width: 194.251px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 192.251px;">
<div style="margin: 0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaghettata.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Spaghettata.JPG/270px-Spaghettata.JPG" width="192" height="145" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Spaghettata.JPG/405px-Spaghettata.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Spaghettata.JPG/540px-Spaghettata.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Spaghetti pomodoro & basilico (tomato sauce and basil)</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138px;">
<div style="width: 138px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 136px;">
<div style="margin: 0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaghetti_with_Meatballs_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Spaghetti_with_Meatballs_%28cropped%29.jpg/203px-Spaghetti_with_Meatballs_%28cropped%29.jpg" width="136" height="136" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Spaghetti_with_Meatballs_%28cropped%29.jpg/306px-Spaghetti_with_Meatballs_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Spaghetti_with_Meatballs_%28cropped%29.jpg/408px-Spaghetti_with_Meatballs_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="676"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_with_meatballs" title="Spaghetti with meatballs">Spaghetti with meatballs</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Market">Market</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Consumption">Consumption</span></h3>
<p>By 1955, annual consumption of spaghetti in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> doubled from 14 kilograms (30.9 lb) per person before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> to 28 kilograms (61.7 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-1955cons_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1955cons-16">[16]</a></sup> By that year, Italy produced 1,432,990 tons of spaghetti, of which 74,000 were <a href="/wiki/Export" title="Export">exported</a>, and had a production capacity of 3 million tons.<sup id="cite_ref-1955cons_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1955cons-16">[16]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Nutrition">Nutrition</span></h2>
<p>Pasta provides <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrate</a>, along with some <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> and <a href="/wiki/B_vitamins" title="B vitamins">B vitamins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ridgwell_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ridgwell-17">[17]</a></sup> Pasta prepared with <a href="/wiki/Whole_grain" title="Whole grain">whole wheat</a> grain provides more dietary fiber<sup id="cite_ref-Ridgwell_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ridgwell-17">[17]</a></sup> than that prepared with degermed flour.</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Records">Records</span></h2>
<p>The world record for the largest bowl of spaghetti was set in March 2009 and reset in March 2010 when a <a href="/wiki/Buca_di_Beppo" title="Buca di Beppo">Buca di Beppo</a> restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Garden_Grove,_California" title="Garden Grove, California">Garden Grove, California</a>, filled a swimming pool with more than 13,780 pounds (6,251 kg) of pasta.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</span></h2>
<p><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Westerns</a> have little to do with spaghetti other than using the name as a shorthand for Italian.</p>
<p>The BBC television program '<a href="/wiki/Panorama_(TV_series)" title="Panorama (TV series)">Panorama</a>' featured a <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti-tree_hoax" title="Spaghetti-tree hoax">hoax program about the spaghetti harvest</a> in Switzerland on <a href="/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day" title="April Fools' Day">April Fools' Day</a>, 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px">
<ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold">
<li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" width="32" height="21" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></span></li>
<li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="image"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" width="32" height="23" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106"></a></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alla_chitarra" title="Spaghetti alla chitarra">Spaghetti alla chitarra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pasta" title="List of pasta">List of pasta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pasta_dishes" title="List of pasta dishes">List of pasta dishes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SpaghettiOs" title="SpaghettiOs">SpaghettiOs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_sandwich" title="Spaghetti sandwich">Spaghetti sandwich</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_squash" title="Spaghetti squash">Spaghetti squash</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spaghettieis" title="Spaghettieis">Spaghettieis</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/HHFSSPAGHETTI100426oct2012.pdf">"Spaghetti, Enriched, Dry"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United States Department of Agriculture. October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti&rft.btitle=Spaghetti%2C+Enriched%2C+Dry&rft.date=2012-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fns.usda.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FHHFSSPAGHETTI100426oct2012.pdf&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-dict-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dict_2-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dict_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/spaghetti">spaghetti</a>. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. (accessed: June 03, 2008).</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-nhg-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nhg_3-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhg_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bhg.com/recipes/ethnic-food/italian/how-to-make-spaghetti/">"How to Make Spaghetti"</a>. Better Homes and Gardens.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti&rft.btitle=How+to+Make+Spaghetti&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhg.com%2Frecipes%2Fethnic-food%2Fitalian%2Fhow-to-make-spaghetti%2F&rft.pub=Better+Homes+and+Gardens&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Retrieved on 22nd December 2014.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kummer, Corby (1 July 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/198607/pasta">"Pasta"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti&rft.atitle=Pasta&rft.aufirst=Corby&rft.aulast=Kummer&rft.date=1986-07-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fdoc%2F198607%2Fpasta&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2011/06/pasta-is-not-originally-from-italy/">"Pasta is Not Originally from Italy"</a>. www.todayifoundout.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti&rft.btitle=Pasta+is+Not+Originally+from+Italy&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayifoundout.com%2Findex.php%2F2011%2F06%2Fpasta-is-not-originally-from-italy%2F&rft.pub=www.todayifoundout.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Retrieved on 22nd December 2014.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWhitemanBoggianoWright200