manual-javascript
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JavaScript 是一种具有函数优先的轻量级、解释型、即时编译型的编程语言。
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<h1 id="数组操作">数组操作</h1>
<p>执行下面的代码，循环打印数组中所有元素。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">let</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">233</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.66</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Hello World!'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">ele<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>index<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ele<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> k <span class="token keyword">in</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>k<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> v <span class="token keyword">of</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，向数组末尾添加新的元素。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">let</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">233</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.66</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Hello World!'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'123.456'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Hello JavaScript!'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，向数组开头添加新的元素。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">let</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">233</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.66</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Hello World!'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unshift</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'123.456'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Hello JavaScript!'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，删除数组中最后一个元素。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">let</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">233</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.66</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Hello World!'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，删除数组中第一个元素。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">let</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">233</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.66</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Hello World!'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">shift</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，查找数组中的指定元素。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">let</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">233</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.66</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Hello World!'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">indexOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">6.66</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">includes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，截取数组中指定下标的元素。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">let</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">233</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6.66</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Hello World!'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，遍历数组处理数据并返回新的数组。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> arr1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> arr2 <span class="token operator">=</span> arr1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">ele<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>index<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ele<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> ele <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，将数组中所有元素转换为字符串。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> str <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，合并两个数组。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> arr1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">233</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">666</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> arr2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'Hello'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'JavaScript'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">...</span>arr1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">...</span>arr2<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，将多维数组降维为一维数组。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> arr1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">flat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> arr2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">flat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> arr3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">flat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">Infinity</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，对数组进行去重操作。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">233</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">666</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1.23</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">233</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">666</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">...</span>result<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，求两个数组的并集。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> arr1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> arr2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">...</span>arr1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">...</span>arr2<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，求两个数组的交集。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> arr1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> arr2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> set1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> set2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">...</span>set1<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">item</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> set2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">has</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>执行下面的代码，求两个数组的差集。</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> arr1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> arr2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> set1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> set2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">...</span>set1<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">item</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token operator">!</span>set2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">has</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
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