mam-project-templates/cloned/FreeCSS/Ranger/node_modules/http-browserify/inject.js

my personal templating projects

;(function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);throw new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'")}var f=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(f.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},f,f.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[function(require,module,exports){
var process=require("__browserify_process");(function () {
    var xws = require('xhr-write-stream');
    var Stream = require('stream');
    var json = typeof JSON === 'object' ? JSON : require('jsonify');
    
    process.on = function () {};
    var ws = xws('/sock');
    ws.write(window.location.hash + '\n');
    
    function createChannel (name, writeListen) {
        var c = new Stream;
        c.writable = true;
        c.write = function (buf) {
            if (writeListen) writeListen(buf);
            return ws.write(json.stringify([ name, String(buf) ]) + '\n');
        };
        c.destroy = function () {};
        c.end = function (buf) {
            c.emit('close');
        };
        
        return c;
    }
    
    var lastTestId = 0;
    process.stdout = createChannel('stdout', function (buf) {
        var m = /^(?:not )? ok (\d+)/.exec(String(buf));
        if (m) lastTestId = m[1];
    });
    process.stderr = createChannel('stderr');
    process.stdout.on('close', function () { ws.end() });
    process.exit = function () { ws.end() };
    
    var oldError = window.onerror;
    window.onerror = function (err, url, lineNum) {
        var type = err && err.name || 'Error';
        process.stdout.write(
            'not ok ' + (lastTestId + 1) + ' ' + type + ': '
            + (err && err.message || String(err))
            + (lineNum ? ' on line ' + lineNum : '')
            + '\n'
        );
        if (err && err.stack) {
            var lines = String(err.stack).split('\n');
            var xs = [];
            for (var i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
                xs.push('      ' + lines[i]);
            }
            
            process.stdout.write([
                '  ---',
                '    stack:',
                xs.join('\n'),
                '  ...'
            ].join('\n') + '\n');
        }
        ws.end();
        
        if (typeof oldError === 'function') {
            return oldError.apply(this, arguments);
        }
    };
    window.__testlingErrorHandler = onerror;
    
    if (typeof console === 'undefined') {
        console = {};
    }
    
    var originalLog = console.log;
    console.log = function (msg) {
        var args = arguments;
        for (var i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
            msg = msg.replace(/(^|[^%])%[sd]/, function (_, s) {
                return s + args[i];
            });
        }
        
        process.stdout.write(msg + '\n');
        if (typeof originalLog === 'function') {
            return originalLog.apply(this, arguments);
        }
        else if (originalLog) return originalLog(arguments[0]);
    };
    
    window.__testlingConsole = console;
})();

},{"__browserify_process":8,"jsonify":22,"stream":13,"xhr-write-stream":25}],2:[function(require,module,exports){
// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

function EventEmitter() {
  this._events = this._events || {};
  this._maxListeners = this._maxListeners || undefined;
}
module.exports = EventEmitter;

// Backwards-compat with node 0.10.x
EventEmitter.EventEmitter = EventEmitter;

EventEmitter.prototype._events = undefined;
EventEmitter.prototype._maxListeners = undefined;

// By default EventEmitters will print a warning if more than 10 listeners are
// added to it. This is a useful default which helps finding memory leaks.
EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners = 10;

// Obviously not all Emitters should be limited to 10. This function allows
// that to be increased. Set to zero for unlimited.
EventEmitter.prototype.setMaxListeners = function(n) {
  if (!isNumber(n) || n < 0 || isNaN(n))
    throw TypeError('n must be a positive number');
  this._maxListeners = n;
  return this;
};

EventEmitter.prototype.emit = function(type) {
  var er, handler, len, args, i, listeners;

  if (!this._events)
    this._events = {};

  // If there is no 'error' event listener then throw.
  if (type === 'error') {
    if (!this._events.error ||
        (isObject(this._events.error) && !this._events.error.length)) {
      er = arguments[1];
      if (er instanceof Error) {
        throw er; // Unhandled 'error' event
      } else {
        throw TypeError('Uncaught, unspecified "error" event.');
      }
      return false;
    }
  }

  handler = this._events[type];

  if (isUndefined(handler))
    return false;

  if (isFunction(handler)) {
    switch (arguments.length) {
      // fast cases
      case 1:
        handler.call(this);
        break;
      case 2:
        handler.call(this, arguments[1]);
        break;
      case 3:
        handler.call(this, arguments[1], arguments[2]);
        break;
      // slower
      default:
        len = arguments.length;
        args = new Array(len - 1);
        for (i = 1; i < len; i++)
          args[i - 1] = arguments[i];
        handler.apply(this, args);
    }
  } else if (isObject(handler)) {
    len = arguments.length;
    args = new Array(len - 1);
    for (i = 1; i < len; i++)
      args[i - 1] = arguments[i];

    listeners = handler.slice();
    len = listeners.length;
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
      listeners[i].apply(this, args);
  }

  return true;
};

EventEmitter.prototype.addListener = function(type, listener) {
  var m;

  if (!isFunction(listener))
    throw TypeError('listener must be a function');

  if (!this._events)
    this._events = {};

  // To avoid recursion in the case that type === "newListener"! Before
  // adding it to the listeners, first emit "newListener".
  if (this._events.newListener)
    this.emit('newListener', type,
              isFunction(listener.listener) ?
              listener.listener : listener);

  if (!this._events[type])
    // Optimize the case of one listener. Don't need the extra array object.
    this._events[type] = listener;
  else if (isObject(this._events[type]))
    // If we've already got an array, just append.
    this._events[type].push(listener);
  else
    // Adding the second element, need to change to array.
    this._events[type] = [this._events[type], listener];

  // Check for listener leak
  if (isObject(this._events[type]) && !this._events[type].warned) {
    var m;
    if (!isUndefined(this._maxListeners)) {
      m = this._maxListeners;
    } else {
      m = EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners;
    }

    if (m && m > 0 && this._events[type].length > m) {
      this._events[type].warned = true;
      console.error('(node) warning: possible EventEmitter memory ' +
                    'leak detected. %d listeners added. ' +
                    'Use emitter.setMaxListeners() to increase limit.',
                    this._events[type].length);
      console.trace();
    }
  }

  return this;
};

EventEmitter.prototype.on = EventEmitter.prototype.addListener;

EventEmitter.prototype.once = function(type, listener) {
  if (!isFunction(listener))
    throw TypeError('listener must be a function');

  var fired = false;

  function g() {
    this.removeListener(type, g);

    if (!fired) {
      fired = true;
      listener.apply(this, arguments);
    }
  }

  g.listener = listener;
  this.on(type, g);

  return this;
};

// emits a 'removeListener' event iff the listener was removed
EventEmitter.prototype.removeListener = function(type, listener) {
  var list, position, length, i;

  if (!isFunction(listener))
    throw TypeError('listener must be a function');

  if (!this._events || !this._events[type])
    return this;

  list = this._events[type];
  length = list.length;
  position = -1;

  if (list === listener ||
      (isFunction(list.listener) && list.listener === listener)) {
    delete this._events[type];
    if (this._events.removeListener)
      this.emit('removeListener', type, listener);

  } else if (isObject(list)) {
    for (i = length; i-- > 0;) {
      if (list[i] === listener ||
          (list[i].listener && list[i].listener === listener)) {
        position = i;
        break;
      }
    }

    if (position < 0)
      return this;

    if (list.length === 1) {
      list.length = 0;
      delete this._events[type];
    } else {
      list.splice(position, 1);
    }

    if (this._events.removeListener)
      this.emit('removeListener', type, listener);
  }

  return this;
};

EventEmitter.prototype.removeAllListeners = function(type) {
  var key, listeners;

  if (!this._events)
    return this;

  // not listening for removeListener, no need to emit
  if (!this._events.removeListener) {
    if (arguments.length === 0)
      this._events = {};
    else if (this._events[type])
      delete this._events[type];
    return this;
  }

  // emit removeListener for all listeners on all events
  if (arguments.length === 0) {
    for (key in this._events) {
      if (key === 'removeListener') continue;
      this.removeAllListeners(key);
    }
    this.removeAllListeners('removeListener');
    this._events = {};
    return this;
  }

  listeners = this._events[type];

  if (isFunction(listeners)) {
    this.removeListener(type, listeners);
  } else {
    // LIFO order
    while (listeners.length)
      this.removeListener(type, listeners[listeners.length - 1]);
  }
  delete this._events[type];

  return this;
};

EventEmitter.prototype.listeners = function(type) {
  var ret;
  if (!this._events || !this._events[type])
    ret = [];
  else if (isFunction(this._events[type]))
    ret = [this._events[type]];
  else
    ret = this._events[type].slice();
  return ret;
};

EventEmitter.listenerCount = function(emitter, type) {
  var ret;
  if (!emitter._events || !emitter._events[type])
    ret = 0;
  else if (isFunction(emitter._events[type]))
    ret = 1;
  else
    ret = emitter._events[type].length;
  return ret;
};

function isFunction(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'function';
}

function isNumber(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'number';
}

function isObject(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'object' && arg !== null;
}

function isUndefined(arg) {
  return arg === void 0;
}

},{}],3:[function(require,module,exports){
var http = module.exports;
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
var Request = require('./lib/request');

http.request = function (params, cb) {
    if (!params) params = {};
    if (!params.host && !params.port) {
        params.port = parseInt(window.location.port, 10);
    }
    if (!params.host && params.hostname) {
        params.host = params.hostname;
    }
    
    if (!params.scheme) params.scheme = window.location.protocol.split(':')[0];
    if (!params.host) {
        params.host = window.location.hostname || window.location.host;
    }
    if (/:/.test(params.host)) {
        if (!params.port) {
            params.port = params.host.split(':')[1];
        }
        params.host = params.host.split(':')[0];
    }
    if (!params.port) params.port = params.scheme == 'https' ? 443 : 80;
    
alert('before `x = new xhrHttp`');
alert(xhrHttp);
    var x = new xhrHttp;
alert('before new Request(x, params)');
    var req = new Request(x, params);
alert('after new Request');
    if (cb) req.on('response', cb);
    return req;
};

http.get = function (params, cb) {
    params.method = 'GET';
    var req = http.request(params, cb);
    req.end();
    return req;
};

http.Agent = function () {};
http.Agent.defaultMaxSockets = 4;

var xhrHttp = (function () {
    if (typeof window === 'undefined') {
        throw new Error('no window object present');
    }
    else if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        return window.XMLHttpRequest;
    }
    else if (window.ActiveXObject) {
        var axs = [
            'Msxml2.XMLHTTP.6.0',
            'Msxml2.XMLHTTP.3.0',
            'Microsoft.XMLHTTP'
        ];
        for (var i = 0; i < axs.length; i++) {
            try {
                var ax = new(window.ActiveXObject)(axs[i]);
                return function () {
                    if (ax) {
                        var ax_ = ax;
                        ax = null;
                        return ax_;
                    }
                    else {
                        return new(window.ActiveXObject)(axs[i]);
                    }
                };
            }
            catch (e) {}
        }
        throw new Error('ajax not supported in this browser')
    }
    else {
        throw new Error('ajax not supported in this browser');
    }
})();

},{"./lib/request":4,"events":2}],4:[function(require,module,exports){
var Stream = require('stream');
var Response = require('./response');
var Base64 = require('Base64');
var inherits = require('inherits');

try{
var Request = module.exports = function (xhr, params) {
    var self = this;
    self.writable = true;
    self.xhr = xhr;
    self.body = [];
    
    self.uri = (params.scheme || 'http') + '://'
        + params.host
        + (params.port ? ':' + params.port : '')
        + (params.path || '/')
    ;
    
    try { xhr.withCredentials = true }
    catch (e) { alert('in catch') }
    
    xhr.open(
        params.method || 'GET',
        self.uri,
        true
    );

    xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
        res.handle(xhr);
    };
    
    if (params.headers) {
        var keys = objectKeys(params.headers);
        for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
            var key = keys[i];
            if (!self.isSafeRequestHeader(key)) continue;
            var value = params.headers[key];
            if (isArray(value)) {
                for (var j = 0; j < value.length; j++) {
                    xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value[j]);
                }
            }
            else xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value)
        }
    }
    
    if (params.auth) {
        //basic auth
        this.setHeader('Authorization', 'Basic ' + Base64.btoa(params.auth));
    }

    var res = new Response;
    res.on('close', function () {
        self.emit('close');
    });
    
    res.on('ready', function () {
        self.emit('response', res);
    });
    
};
} catch(e){alert('in Require ctor catch: ' + e)}

inherits(Request, Stream);

Request.prototype.setHeader = function (key, value) {
    if (isArray(value)) {
        for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
            this.xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value[i]);
        }
    }
    else {
        this.xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value);
    }
};

Request.prototype.write = function (s) {
    this.body.push(s);
};

Request.prototype.destroy = function (s) {
    this.xhr.abort();
    this.emit('close');
};

Request.prototype.end = function (s) {
    if (s !== undefined) this.body.push(s);
    if (this.body.length === 0) {
        this.xhr.send('');
    }
    else if (typeof this.body[0] === 'string') {
        this.xhr.send(this.body.join(''));
    }
    else if (isArray(this.body[0])) {
        var body = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < this.body.length; i++) {
            body.push.apply(body, this.body[i]);
        }
        this.xhr.send(body);
    }
    else if (/Array/.test(Object.prototype.toString.call(this.body[0]))) {
        var len = 0;
        for (var i = 0; i < this.body.length; i++) {
            len += this.body[i].length;
        }
        var body = new(this.body[0].constructor)(len);
        var k = 0;
        
        for (var i = 0; i < this.body.length; i++) {
            var b = this.body[i];
            for (var j = 0; j < b.length; j++) {
                body[k++] = b[j];
            }
        }
        this.xhr.send(body);
    }
    else {
        var body = '';
        for (var i = 0; i < this.body.length; i++) {
            body += this.body[i].toString();
        }
        this.xhr.send(body);
    }
};

// Taken from http://dxr.mozilla.org/mozilla/mozilla-central/content/base/src/nsXMLHttpRequest.cpp.html
Request.unsafeHeaders = [
    "accept-charset",
    "accept-encoding",
    "access-control-request-headers",
    "access-control-request-method",
    "connection",
    "content-length",
    "cookie",
    "cookie2",
    "content-transfer-encoding",
    "date",
    "expect",
    "host",
    "keep-alive",
    "origin",
    "referer",
    "te",
    "trailer",
    "transfer-encoding",
    "upgrade",
    "user-agent",
    "via"
];

Request.prototype.isSafeRequestHeader = function (headerName) {
    if (!headerName) return false;
    return indexOf(Request.unsafeHeaders, headerName.toLowerCase()) === -1;
};

var objectKeys = Object.keys || function (obj) {
    var keys = [];
    for (var key in obj) keys.push(key);
    return keys;
};

var isArray = Array.isArray || function (xs) {
    return Object.prototype.toString.call(xs) === '[object Array]';
};

var indexOf = function (xs, x) {
    if (xs.indexOf) return xs.indexOf(x);
    for (var i = 0; i < xs.length; i++) {
        if (xs[i] === x) return i;
    }
    return -1;
};

},{"./response":5,"Base64":6,"inherits":7,"stream":13}],5:[function(require,module,exports){
var Stream = require('stream');
var util = require('util');

var Response = module.exports = function (res) {
    this.offset = 0;
    this.readable = true;
};

util.inherits(Response, Stream);

var capable = {
    streaming : true,
    status2 : true
};

function parseHeaders (res) {
    var lines = res.getAllResponseHeaders().split(/\r?\n/);
    var headers = {};
    for (var i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
        var line = lines[i];
        if (line === '') continue;
        
        var m = line.match(/^([^:]+):\s*(.*)/);
        if (m) {
            var key = m[1].toLowerCase(), value = m[2];
            
            if (headers[key] !== undefined) {
            
                if (isArray(headers[key])) {
                    headers[key].push(value);
                }
                else {
                    headers[key] = [ headers[key], value ];
                }
            }
            else {
                headers[key] = value;
            }
        }
        else {
            headers[line] = true;
        }
    }
    return headers;
}

Response.prototype.getResponse = function (xhr) {
    var respType = String(xhr.responseType).toLowerCase();
    if (respType === 'blob') return xhr.responseBlob || xhr.response;
    if (respType === 'arraybuffer') return xhr.response;
    return xhr.responseText;
}

Response.prototype.getHeader = function (key) {
    return this.headers[key.toLowerCase()];
};

Response.prototype.handle = function (res) {
    if (res.readyState === 2 && capable.status2) {
        try {
            this.statusCode = res.status;
            this.headers = parseHeaders(res);
        }
        catch (err) {
            capable.status2 = false;
        }
        
        if (capable.status2) {
            this.emit('ready');
        }
    }
    else if (capable.streaming && res.readyState === 3) {
        try {
            if (!this.statusCode) {
                this.statusCode = res.status;
                this.headers = parseHeaders(res);
                this.emit('ready');
            }
        }
        catch (err) {}
        
        try {
            this._emitData(res);
        }
        catch (err) {
            capable.streaming = false;
        }
    }
    else if (res.readyState === 4) {
        if (!this.statusCode) {
            this.statusCode = res.status;
            this.emit('ready');
        }
        this._emitData(res);
        
        if (res.error) {
            this.emit('error', this.getResponse(res));
        }
        else this.emit('end');
        
        this.emit('close');
    }
};

Response.prototype._emitData = function (res) {
    var respBody = this.getResponse(res);
    if (respBody.toString().match(/ArrayBuffer/)) {
        this.emit('data', new Uint8Array(respBody, this.offset));
        this.offset = respBody.byteLength;
        return;
    }
    if (respBody.length > this.offset) {
        this.emit('data', respBody.slice(this.offset));
        this.offset = respBody.length;
    }
};

var isArray = Array.isArray || function (xs) {
    return Object.prototype.toString.call(xs) === '[object Array]';
};

},{"stream":13,"util":21}],6:[function(require,module,exports){
;(function () {

  var object = typeof exports != 'undefined' ? exports : this; // #8: web workers
  var chars = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=';

  function InvalidCharacterError(message) {
    this.message = message;
  }
  InvalidCharacterError.prototype = new Error;
  InvalidCharacterError.prototype.name = 'InvalidCharacterError';

  // encoder
  // [https://gist.github.com/999166] by [https://github.com/nignag]
  object.btoa || (
  object.btoa = function (input) {
    for (
      // initialize result and counter
      var block, charCode, idx = 0, map = chars, output = '';
      // if the next input index does not exist:
      //   change the mapping table to "="
      //   check if d has no fractional digits
      input.charAt(idx | 0) || (map = '=', idx % 1);
      // "8 - idx % 1 * 8" generates the sequence 2, 4, 6, 8
      output += map.charAt(63 & block >> 8 - idx % 1 * 8)
    ) {
      charCode = input.charCodeAt(idx += 3/4);
      if (charCode > 0xFF) {
        throw new InvalidCharacterError("'btoa' failed: The string to be encoded contains characters outside of the Latin1 range.");
      }
      block = block << 8 | charCode;
    }
    return output;
  });

  // decoder
  // [https://gist.github.com/1020396] by [https://github.com/atk]
  object.atob || (
  object.atob = function (input) {
    input = input.replace(/=+$/, '')
    if (input.length % 4 == 1) {
      throw new InvalidCharacterError("'atob' failed: The string to be decoded is not correctly encoded.");
    }
    for (
      // initialize result and counters
      var bc = 0, bs, buffer, idx = 0, output = '';
      // get next character
      buffer = input.charAt(idx++);
      // character found in table? initialize bit storage and add its ascii value;
      ~buffer && (bs = bc % 4 ? bs * 64 + buffer : buffer,
        // and if not first of each 4 characters,
        // convert the first 8 bits to one ascii character
        bc++ % 4) ? output += String.fromCharCode(255 & bs >> (-2 * bc & 6)) : 0
    ) {
      // try to find character in table (0-63, not found => -1)
      buffer = chars.indexOf(buffer);
    }
    return output;
  });

}());

},{}],7:[function(require,module,exports){
if (typeof Object.create === 'function') {
  // implementation from standard node.js 'util' module
  module.exports = function inherits(ctor, superCtor) {
    ctor.super_ = superCtor
    ctor.prototype = Object.create(superCtor.prototype, {
      constructor: {
        value: ctor,
        enumerable: false,
        writable: true,
        configurable: true
      }
    });
  };
} else {
  // old school shim for old browsers
  module.exports = function inherits(ctor, superCtor) {
    ctor.super_ = superCtor
    var TempCtor = function () {}
    TempCtor.prototype = superCtor.prototype
    ctor.prototype = new TempCtor()
    ctor.prototype.constructor = ctor
  }
}

},{}],8:[function(require,module,exports){
// shim for using process in browser

var process = module.exports = {};

process.nextTick = (function () {
    var canSetImmediate = typeof window !== 'undefined'
    && window.setImmediate;
    var canPost = typeof window !== 'undefined'
    && window.postMessage && window.addEventListener
    ;

    if (canSetImmediate) {
        return function (f) { return window.setImmediate(f) };
    }

    if (canPost) {
        var queue = [];
        window.addEventListener('message', function (ev) {
            if (ev.source === window && ev.data === 'process-tick') {
                ev.stopPropagation();
                if (queue.length > 0) {
                    var fn = queue.shift();
                    fn();
                }
            }
        }, true);

        return function nextTick(fn) {
            queue.push(fn);
            window.postMessage('process-tick', '*');
        };
    }

    return function nextTick(fn) {
        setTimeout(fn, 0);
    };
})();

process.title = 'browser';
process.browser = true;
process.env = {};
process.argv = [];

process.binding = function (name) {
    throw new Error('process.binding is not supported');
}

// TODO(shtylman)
process.cwd = function () { return '/' };
process.chdir = function (dir) {
    throw new Error('process.chdir is not supported');
};

},{}],9:[function(require,module,exports){
var base64 = require('base64-js')
var TA = require('typedarray')

exports.Buffer = Buffer
exports.SlowBuffer = Buffer
exports.INSPECT_MAX_BYTES = 50
Buffer.poolSize = 8192

/**
 * Use a shim for browsers that lack Typed Array support (< IE 9, < FF 3.6,
 * < Chrome 6, < Safari 5, < Opera 11.5, < iOS 4.1).
 */
var xDataView = typeof DataView === 'undefined'
  ? TA.DataView : DataView
var xArrayBuffer = typeof ArrayBuffer === 'undefined'
  ? TA.ArrayBuffer : ArrayBuffer
var xUint8Array = typeof Uint8Array === 'undefined'
  ? TA.Uint8Array : Uint8Array

/**
 * Check to see if the browser supports augmenting a `Uint8Array` instance.
 */
var browserSupport = (function () {
  try {
    var arr = new xUint8Array(0)
    arr.foo = function () { return 42 }
    return 42 === arr.foo()
  } catch (e) {
    return false
  }
})()

/**
 * Also use the shim in Firefox 4-17 (even though they have native Uint8Array),
 * since they don't support Proxy. Without that, it is not possible to augment
 * native Uint8Array instances in Firefox.
 */
if (xUint8Array !== TA.Uint8Array && !browserSupport) {
  xDataView = TA.DataView
  xArrayBuffer = TA.ArrayBuffer
  xUint8Array = TA.Uint8Array
  browserSupport = true
}

/**
 * Class: Buffer
 * =============
 *
 * The Buffer constructor returns instances of `Uint8Array` that are augmented
 * with function properties for all the node `Buffer` API functions. We use
 * `Uint8Array` so that square bracket notation works as expected -- it returns
 * a single octet.
 *
 * By augmenting the instances, we can avoid modifying the `Uint8Array`
 * prototype.
 *
 * Firefox is a special case because it doesn't allow augmenting "native" object
 * instances. See `ProxyBuffer` below for more details.
 */
function Buffer (subject, encoding) {
  var type = typeof subject

  // Work-around: node's base64 implementation
  // allows for non-padded strings while base64-js
  // does not..
  if (encoding === 'base64' && type === 'string') {
    subject = stringtrim(subject)
    while (subject.length % 4 !== 0) {
      subject = subject + '='
    }
  }

  // Find the length
  var length
  if (type === 'number')
    length = coerce(subject)
  else if (type === 'string')
    length = Buffer.byteLength(subject, encoding)
  else if (type === 'object')
    length = coerce(subject.length) // Assume object is an array
  else
    throw new Error('First argument needs to be a number, array or string.')

  var buf = augment(new xUint8Array(length))
  if (Buffer.isBuffer(subject)) {
    // Speed optimization -- use set if we're copying from a Uint8Array
    buf.set(subject)
  } else if (isArrayIsh(subject)) {
    // Treat array-ish objects as a byte array.
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      if (Buffer.isBuffer(subject))
        buf[i] = subject.readUInt8(i)
      else
        buf[i] = subject[i]
    }
  } else if (type === 'string') {
    buf.write(subject, 0, encoding)
  }

  return buf
}

// STATIC METHODS
// ==============

Buffer.isEncoding = function(encoding) {
  switch ((encoding + '').toLowerCase()) {
    case 'hex':
    case 'utf8':
    case 'utf-8':
    case 'ascii':
    case 'binary':
    case 'base64':
    case 'ucs2':
    case 'ucs-2':
    case 'utf16le':
    case 'utf-16le':
    case 'raw':
      return true

    default:
      return false
  }
}

Buffer.isBuffer = function (b) {
  return b && b._isBuffer
}

Buffer.byteLength = function (str, encoding) {
  switch (encoding || 'utf8') {
    case 'hex':
      return str.length / 2

    case 'utf8':
    case 'utf-8':
      return utf8ToBytes(str).length

    case 'ascii':
    case 'binary':
      return str.length

    case 'base64':
      return base64ToBytes(str).length

    default:
      throw new Error('Unknown encoding')
  }
}

Buffer.concat = function (list, totalLength) {
  if (!isArray(list)) {
    throw new Error('Usage: Buffer.concat(list, [totalLength])\n' +
        'list should be an Array.')
  }

  var i
  var buf

  if (list.length === 0) {
    return new Buffer(0)
  } else if (list.length === 1) {
    return list[0]
  }

  if (typeof totalLength !== 'number') {
    totalLength = 0
    for (i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
      buf = list[i]
      totalLength += buf.length
    }
  }

  var buffer = new Buffer(totalLength)
  var pos = 0
  for (i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
    buf = list[i]
    buf.copy(buffer, pos)
    pos += buf.length
  }
  return buffer
}

// BUFFER INSTANCE METHODS
// =======================

function _hexWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
  offset = Number(offset) || 0
  var remaining = buf.length - offset
  if (!length) {
    length = remaining
  } else {
    length = Number(length)
    if (length > remaining) {
      length = remaining
    }
  }

  // must be an even number of digits
  var strLen = string.length
  if (strLen % 2 !== 0) {
    throw new Error('Invalid hex string')
  }
  if (length > strLen / 2) {
    length = strLen / 2
  }
  for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    var byte = parseInt(string.substr(i * 2, 2), 16)
    if (isNaN(byte)) throw new Error('Invalid hex string')
    buf[offset + i] = byte
  }
  Buffer._charsWritten = i * 2
  return i
}

function _utf8Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
  var bytes, pos
  return Buffer._charsWritten = blitBuffer(utf8ToBytes(string), buf, offset, length)
}

function _asciiWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
  var bytes, pos
  return Buffer._charsWritten = blitBuffer(asciiToBytes(string), buf, offset, length)
}

function _binaryWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
  return _asciiWrite(buf, string, offset, length)
}

function _base64Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
  var bytes, pos
  return Buffer._charsWritten = blitBuffer(base64ToBytes(string), buf, offset, length)
}

function BufferWrite (string, offset, length, encoding) {
  // Support both (string, offset, length, encoding)
  // and the legacy (string, encoding, offset, length)
  if (isFinite(offset)) {
    if (!isFinite(length)) {
      encoding = length
      length = undefined
    }
  } else {  // legacy
    var swap = encoding
    encoding = offset
    offset = length
    length = swap
  }

  offset = Number(offset) || 0
  var remaining = this.length - offset
  if (!length) {
    length = remaining
  } else {
    length = Number(length)
    if (length > remaining) {
      length = remaining
    }
  }
  encoding = String(encoding || 'utf8').toLowerCase()

  switch (encoding) {
    case 'hex':
      return _hexWrite(this, string, offset, length)

    case 'utf8':
    case 'utf-8':
      return _utf8Write(this, string, offset, length)

    case 'ascii':
      return _asciiWrite(this, string, offset, length)

    case 'binary':
      return _binaryWrite(this, string, offset, length)

    case 'base64':
      return _base64Write(this, string, offset, length)

    default:
      throw new Error('Unknown encoding')
  }
}

function BufferToString (encoding, start, end) {
  var self = (this instanceof ProxyBuffer)
    ? this._proxy
    : this

  encoding = String(encoding || 'utf8').toLowerCase()
  start = Number(start) || 0
  end = (end !== undefined)
    ? Number(end)
    : end = self.length

  // Fastpath empty strings
  if (end === start)
    return ''

  switch (encoding) {
    case 'hex':
      return _hexSlice(self, start, end)

    case 'utf8':
    case 'utf-8':
      return _utf8Slice(self, start, end)

    case 'ascii':
      return _asciiSlice(self, start, end)

    case 'binary':
      return _binarySlice(self, start, end)

    case 'base64':
      return _base64Slice(self, start, end)

    default:
      throw new Error('Unknown encoding')
  }
}

function BufferToJSON () {
  return {
    type: 'Buffer',
    data: Array.prototype.slice.call(this._arr || this, 0)
  }
}

// copy(targetBuffer, targetStart=0, sourceStart=0, sourceEnd=buffer.length)
function BufferCopy (target, target_start, start, end) {
  var source = this

  if (!start) start = 0
  if (!end && end !== 0) end = this.length
  if (!target_start) target_start = 0

  // Copy 0 bytes; we're done
  if (end === start) return
  if (target.length === 0 || source.length === 0) return

  // Fatal error conditions
  if (end < start)
    throw new Error('sourceEnd < sourceStart')
  if (target_start < 0 || target_start >= target.length)
    throw new Error('targetStart out of bounds')
  if (start < 0 || start >= source.length)
    throw new Error('sourceStart out of bounds')
  if (end < 0 || end > source.length)
    throw new Error('sourceEnd out of bounds')

  // Are we oob?
  if (end > this.length)
    end = this.length
  if (target.length - target_start < end - start)
    end = target.length - target_start + start

  // copy!
  for (var i = 0; i < end - start; i++)
    target[i + target_start] = this[i + start]
}

function _base64Slice (buf, start, end) {
  var bytes = buf.slice(start, end)
  return base64.fromByteArray(bytes)
}

function _utf8Slice (buf, start, end) {
  var res = ''
  var tmp = ''
  end = Math.min(buf.length, end)

  for (var i = start; i < end; i++) {
    if (buf[i] <= 0x7F) {
      res += decodeUtf8Char(tmp) + String.fromCharCode(buf[i])
      tmp = ''
    } else {
      tmp += '%' + buf[i].toString(16)
    }
  }

  return res + decodeUtf8Char(tmp)
}

function _asciiSlice (buf, start, end) {
  var ret = ''
  end = Math.min(buf.length, end)

  for (var i = start; i < end; i++)
    ret += String.fromCharCode(buf[i])
  return ret
}

function _binarySlice (buf, start, end) {
  return _asciiSlice(buf, start, end)
}

function _hexSlice (buf, start, end) {
  var len = buf.length

  if (!start || start < 0) start = 0
  if (!end || end < 0 || end > len) end = len

  var out = ''
  for (var i = start; i < end; i++) {
    out += toHex(buf[i])
  }
  return out
}

// TODO: add test that modifying the new buffer slice will modify memory in the
// original buffer! Use code from:
// http://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#buffer_buf_slice_start_end
function BufferSlice (start, end) {
  var len = this.length
  start = clamp(start, len, 0)
  end = clamp(end, len, len)
  return augment(this.subarray(start, end)) // Uint8Array built-in method
}

function BufferReadUInt8 (offset, noAssert) {
  var buf = this
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null, 'missing offset')
    assert(offset < buf.length, 'Trying to read beyond buffer length')
  }

  if (offset >= buf.length)
    return

  return buf[offset]
}

function _readUInt16 (buf, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(typeof (littleEndian) === 'boolean',
        'missing or invalid endian')
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null, 'missing offset')
    assert(offset + 1 < buf.length, 'Trying to read beyond buffer length')
  }

  var len = buf.length
  if (offset >= len) {
    return
  } else if (offset + 1 === len) {
    var dv = new xDataView(new xArrayBuffer(2))
    dv.setUint8(0, buf[len - 1])
    return dv.getUint16(0, littleEndian)
  } else {
    return buf._dataview.getUint16(offset, littleEndian)
  }
}

function BufferReadUInt16LE (offset, noAssert) {
  return _readUInt16(this, offset, true, noAssert)
}

function BufferReadUInt16BE (offset, noAssert) {
  return _readUInt16(this, offset, false, noAssert)
}

function _readUInt32 (buf, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(typeof (littleEndian) === 'boolean',
        'missing or invalid endian')
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null, 'missing offset')
    assert(offset + 3 < buf.length, 'Trying to read beyond buffer length')
  }

  var len = buf.length
  if (offset >= len) {
    return
  } else if (offset + 3 >= len) {
    var dv = new xDataView(new xArrayBuffer(4))
    for (var i = 0; i + offset < len; i++) {
      dv.setUint8(i, buf[i + offset])
    }
    return dv.getUint32(0, littleEndian)
  } else {
    return buf._dataview.getUint32(offset, littleEndian)
  }
}

function BufferReadUInt32LE (offset, noAssert) {
  return _readUInt32(this, offset, true, noAssert)
}

function BufferReadUInt32BE (offset, noAssert) {
  return _readUInt32(this, offset, false, noAssert)
}

function BufferReadInt8 (offset, noAssert) {
  var buf = this
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null,
        'missing offset')
    assert(offset < buf.length, 'Trying to read beyond buffer length')
  }

  if (offset >= buf.length)
    return

  return buf._dataview.getInt8(offset)
}

function _readInt16 (buf, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(typeof (littleEndian) === 'boolean',
        'missing or invalid endian')
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null,
        'missing offset')
    assert(offset + 1 < buf.length, 'Trying to read beyond buffer length')
  }

  var len = buf.length
  if (offset >= len) {
    return
  } else if (offset + 1 === len) {
    var dv = new xDataView(new xArrayBuffer(2))
    dv.setUint8(0, buf[len - 1])
    return dv.getInt16(0, littleEndian)
  } else {
    return buf._dataview.getInt16(offset, littleEndian)
  }
}

function BufferReadInt16LE (offset, noAssert) {
  return _readInt16(this, offset, true, noAssert)
}

function BufferReadInt16BE (offset, noAssert) {
  return _readInt16(this, offset, false, noAssert)
}

function _readInt32 (buf, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(typeof (littleEndian) === 'boolean',
        'missing or invalid endian')
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null, 'missing offset')
    assert(offset + 3 < buf.length, 'Trying to read beyond buffer length')
  }

  var len = buf.length
  if (offset >= len) {
    return
  } else if (offset + 3 >= len) {
    var dv = new xDataView(new xArrayBuffer(4))
    for (var i = 0; i + offset < len; i++) {
      dv.setUint8(i, buf[i + offset])
    }
    return dv.getInt32(0, littleEndian)
  } else {
    return buf._dataview.getInt32(offset, littleEndian)
  }
}

function BufferReadInt32LE (offset, noAssert) {
  return _readInt32(this, offset, true, noAssert)
}

function BufferReadInt32BE (offset, noAssert) {
  return _readInt32(this, offset, false, noAssert)
}

function _readFloat (buf, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(typeof (littleEndian) === 'boolean',
        'missing or invalid endian')
    assert(offset + 3 < buf.length, 'Trying to read beyond buffer length')
  }

  return buf._dataview.getFloat32(offset, littleEndian)
}

function BufferReadFloatLE (offset, noAssert) {
  return _readFloat(this, offset, true, noAssert)
}

function BufferReadFloatBE (offset, noAssert) {
  return _readFloat(this, offset, false, noAssert)
}

function _readDouble (buf, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(typeof (littleEndian) === 'boolean',
        'missing or invalid endian')
    assert(offset + 7 < buf.length, 'Trying to read beyond buffer length')
  }

  return buf._dataview.getFloat64(offset, littleEndian)
}

function BufferReadDoubleLE (offset, noAssert) {
  return _readDouble(this, offset, true, noAssert)
}

function BufferReadDoubleBE (offset, noAssert) {
  return _readDouble(this, offset, false, noAssert)
}

function BufferWriteUInt8 (value, offset, noAssert) {
  var buf = this
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(value !== undefined && value !== null, 'missing value')
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null, 'missing offset')
    assert(offset < buf.length, 'trying to write beyond buffer length')
    verifuint(value, 0xff)
  }

  if (offset >= buf.length) return

  buf[offset] = value
}

function _writeUInt16 (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(value !== undefined && value !== null, 'missing value')
    assert(typeof (littleEndian) === 'boolean',
        'missing or invalid endian')
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null, 'missing offset')
    assert(offset + 1 < buf.length, 'trying to write beyond buffer length')
    verifuint(value, 0xffff)
  }

  var len = buf.length
  if (offset >= len) {
    return
  } else if (offset + 1 === len) {
    var dv = new xDataView(new xArrayBuffer(2))
    dv.setUint16(0, value, littleEndian)
    buf[offset] = dv.getUint8(0)
  } else {
    buf._dataview.setUint16(offset, value, littleEndian)
  }
}

function BufferWriteUInt16LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
  _writeUInt16(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
}

function BufferWriteUInt16BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
  _writeUInt16(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
}

function _writeUInt32 (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(value !== undefined && value !== null, 'missing value')
    assert(typeof (littleEndian) === 'boolean',
        'missing or invalid endian')
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null, 'missing offset')
    assert(offset + 3 < buf.length, 'trying to write beyond buffer length')
    verifuint(value, 0xffffffff)
  }

  var len = buf.length
  if (offset >= len) {
    return
  } else if (offset + 3 >= len) {
    var dv = new xDataView(new xArrayBuffer(4))
    dv.setUint32(0, value, littleEndian)
    for (var i = 0; i + offset < len; i++) {
      buf[i + offset] = dv.getUint8(i)
    }
  } else {
    buf._dataview.setUint32(offset, value, littleEndian)
  }
}

function BufferWriteUInt32LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
  _writeUInt32(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
}

function BufferWriteUInt32BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
  _writeUInt32(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
}

function BufferWriteInt8 (value, offset, noAssert) {
  var buf = this
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(value !== undefined && value !== null, 'missing value')
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null, 'missing offset')
    assert(offset < buf.length, 'Trying to write beyond buffer length')
    verifsint(value, 0x7f, -0x80)
  }

  if (offset >= buf.length) return

  buf._dataview.setInt8(offset, value)
}

function _writeInt16 (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(value !== undefined && value !== null, 'missing value')
    assert(typeof (littleEndian) === 'boolean',
        'missing or invalid endian')
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null, 'missing offset')
    assert(offset + 1 < buf.length, 'Trying to write beyond buffer length')
    verifsint(value, 0x7fff, -0x8000)
  }

  var len = buf.length
  if (offset >= len) {
    return
  } else if (offset + 1 === len) {
    var dv = new xDataView(new xArrayBuffer(2))
    dv.setInt16(0, value, littleEndian)
    buf[offset] = dv.getUint8(0)
  } else {
    buf._dataview.setInt16(offset, value, littleEndian)
  }
}

function BufferWriteInt16LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
  _writeInt16(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
}

function BufferWriteInt16BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
  _writeInt16(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
}

function _writeInt32 (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(value !== undefined && value !== null, 'missing value')
    assert(typeof (littleEndian) === 'boolean',
        'missing or invalid endian')
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null, 'missing offset')
    assert(offset + 3 < buf.length, 'Trying to write beyond buffer length')
    verifsint(value, 0x7fffffff, -0x80000000)
  }

  var len = buf.length
  if (offset >= len) {
    return
  } else if (offset + 3 >= len) {
    var dv = new xDataView(new xArrayBuffer(4))
    dv.setInt32(0, value, littleEndian)
    for (var i = 0; i + offset < len; i++) {
      buf[i + offset] = dv.getUint8(i)
    }
  } else {
    buf._dataview.setInt32(offset, value, littleEndian)
  }
}

function BufferWriteInt32LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
  _writeInt32(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
}

function BufferWriteInt32BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
  _writeInt32(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
}

function _writeFloat (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(value !== undefined && value !== null, 'missing value')
    assert(typeof (littleEndian) === 'boolean',
        'missing or invalid endian')
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null, 'missing offset')
    assert(offset + 3 < buf.length, 'Trying to write beyond buffer length')
    verifIEEE754(value, 3.4028234663852886e+38, -3.4028234663852886e+38)
  }

  var len = buf.length
  if (offset >= len) {
    return
  } else if (offset + 3 >= len) {
    var dv = new xDataView(new xArrayBuffer(4))
    dv.setFloat32(0, value, littleEndian)
    for (var i = 0; i + offset < len; i++) {
      buf[i + offset] = dv.getUint8(i)
    }
  } else {
    buf._dataview.setFloat32(offset, value, littleEndian)
  }
}

function BufferWriteFloatLE (value, offset, noAssert) {
  _writeFloat(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
}

function BufferWriteFloatBE (value, offset, noAssert) {
  _writeFloat(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
}

function _writeDouble (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert) {
    assert(value !== undefined && value !== null, 'missing value')
    assert(typeof (littleEndian) === 'boolean',
        'missing or invalid endian')
    assert(offset !== undefined && offset !== null, 'missing offset')
    assert(offset + 7 < buf.length,
        'Trying to write beyond buffer length')
    verifIEEE754(value, 1.7976931348623157E+308, -1.7976931348623157E+308)
  }

  var len = buf.length
  if (offset >= len) {
    return
  } else if (offset + 7 >= len) {
    var dv = new xDataView(new xArrayBuffer(8))
    dv.setFloat64(0, value, littleEndian)
    for (var i = 0; i + offset < len; i++) {
      buf[i + offset] = dv.getUint8(i)
    }
  } else {
    buf._dataview.setFloat64(offset, value, littleEndian)
  }
}

function BufferWriteDoubleLE (value, offset, noAssert) {
  _writeDouble(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
}

function BufferWriteDoubleBE (value, offset, noAssert) {
  _writeDouble(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
}

// fill(value, start=0, end=buffer.length)
function BufferFill (value, start, end) {
  if (!value) value = 0
  if (!start) start = 0
  if (!end) end = this.length

  if (typeof value === 'string') {
    value = value.charCodeAt(0)
  }

  if (typeof value !== 'number' || isNaN(value)) {
    throw new Error('value is not a number')
  }

  if (end < start) throw new Error('end < start')

  // Fill 0 bytes; we're done
  if (end === start) return
  if (this.length === 0) return

  if (start < 0 || start >= this.length) {
    throw new Error('start out of bounds')
  }

  if (end < 0 || end > this.length) {
    throw new Error('end out of bounds')
  }

  for (var i = start; i < end; i++) {
    this[i] = value
  }
}

function BufferInspect () {
  var out = []
  var len = this.length
  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    out[i] = toHex(this[i])
    if (i === exports.INSPECT_MAX_BYTES) {
      out[i + 1] = '...'
      break
    }
  }
  return '<Buffer ' + out.join(' ') + '>'
}

// Creates a new `ArrayBuffer` with the *copied* memory of the buffer instance.
// Added in Node 0.12.
function BufferToArrayBuffer () {
  return (new Buffer(this)).buffer
}


// HELPER FUNCTIONS
// ================

function stringtrim (str) {
  if (str.trim) return str.trim()
  return str.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '')
}

/**
 * Class: ProxyBuffer
 * ==================
 *
 * Only used in Firefox, since Firefox does not allow augmenting "native"
 * objects (like Uint8Array instances) with new properties for some unknown
 * (probably silly) reason. So we'll use an ES6 Proxy (supported since
 * Firefox 18) to wrap the Uint8Array instance without actually adding any
 * properties to it.
 *
 * Instances of this "fake" Buffer class are the "target" of the
 * ES6 Proxy (see `augment` function).
 *
 * We couldn't just use the `Uint8Array` as the target of the `Proxy` because
 * Proxies have an important limitation on trapping the `toString` method.
 * `Object.prototype.toString.call(proxy)` gets called whenever something is
 * implicitly cast to a String. Unfortunately, with a `Proxy` this
 * unconditionally returns `Object.prototype.toString.call(target)` which would
 * always return "[object Uint8Array]" if we used the `Uint8Array` instance as
 * the target. And, remember, in Firefox we cannot redefine the `Uint8Array`
 * instance's `toString` method.
 *
 * So, we use this `ProxyBuffer` class as