learnyounode

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>REPL | Node.js v12.10.0 Documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="data:text/css;base64,LyogbGF0aW4tZXh0ICovCkBmb250LWZhY2UgewogIGZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OiAnTGF0byc7CiAgZm9udC1zdHlsZTogaXRhbGljOwogIGZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0OiA0MDA7CiAgc3JjOiBsb2NhbCgnTGF0byBJdGFsaWMnKSwgbG9jYWwoJ0xhdG8tSXRhbGljJyksIHVybChodHRwczovL2ZvbnRzLmdzdGF0aWMuY29tL3MvbGF0by92MTYvUzZ1OHc0Qk1VVFBIanhzQVVpLXFOaVhnN2VVMC53b2ZmMikgZm9ybWF0KCd3b2ZmMicpOwogIHVuaWNvZGUtcmFuZ2U6IFUrMDEwMC0wMjRGLCBVKzAyNTksIFUrMUUwMC0xRUZGLCBVKzIwMjAsIFUrMjBBMC0yMEFCLCBVKzIwQUQtMjBDRiwgVSsyMTEzLCBVKzJDNjAtMkM3RiwgVStBNzIwLUE3RkY7Cn0KLyogbGF0aW4gKi8KQGZvbnQtZmFjZSB7CiAgZm9udC1mYW1pbHk6ICdMYXRvJzsKICBmb250LXN0eWxlOiBpdGFsaWM7CiAgZm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6IDQwMDsKICBzcmM6IGxvY2FsKCdMYXRvIEl0YWxpYycpLCBsb2NhbCgnTGF0by1JdGFsaWMnKSwgdXJsKGh0dHBzOi8vZm9udHMuZ3N0YXRpYy5jb20vcy9sYXRvL3YxNi9TNnU4dzRCTVVUUEhqeHNBWEMtcU5pWGc3US53b2ZmMikgZm9ybWF0KCd3b2ZmMicpOwogIHVuaWNvZGUtcmFuZ2U6IFUrMDAwMC0wMEZGLCBVKzAxMzEsIFUrMDE1Mi0wMTUzLCBVKzAyQkItMDJCQywgVSswMkM2LCBVKzAyREEsIFUrMDJEQywgVSsyMDAwLTIwNkYsIFUrMjA3NCwgVSsyMEFDLCBVKzIxMjIsIFUrMjE5MSwgVSsyMTkzLCBVKzIyMTIsIFUrMjIxNSwgVStGRUZGLCBVK0ZGRkQ7Cn0KLyogbGF0aW4tZXh0ICovCkBmb250LWZhY2UgewogIGZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OiAnTGF0byc7CiAgZm9udC1zdHlsZTogbm9ybWFsOwogIGZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0OiA0MDA7CiAgc3JjOiBsb2NhbCgnTGF0byBSZWd1bGFyJyksIGxvY2FsKCdMYXRvLVJlZ3VsYXInKSwgdXJsKGh0dHBzOi8vZm9udHMuZ3N0YXRpYy5jb20vcy9sYXRvL3YxNi9TNnV5dzRCTVVUUEhqeEF3WGlXdEZDZlE3QS53b2ZmMikgZm9ybWF0KCd3b2ZmMicpOwogIHVuaWNvZGUtcmFuZ2U6IFUrMDEwMC0wMjRGLCBVKzAyNTksIFUrMUUwMC0xRUZGLCBVKzIwMjAsIFUrMjBBMC0yMEFCLCBVKzIwQUQtMjBDRiwgVSsyMTEzLCBVKzJDNjAtMkM3RiwgVStBNzIwLUE3RkY7Cn0KLyogbGF0aW4gKi8KQGZvbnQtZmFjZSB7CiAgZm9udC1mYW1pbHk6ICdMYXRvJzsKICBmb250LXN0eWxlOiBub3JtYWw7CiAgZm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6IDQwMDsKICBzcmM6IGxvY2FsKCdMYXRvIFJlZ3VsYXInKSwgbG9jYWwoJ0xhdG8tUmVndWxhcicpLCB1cmwoaHR0cHM6Ly9mb250cy5nc3RhdGljLmNvbS9zL2xhdG8vdjE2L1M2dXl3NEJNVVRQSGp4NHdYaVd0RkNjLndvZmYyKSBmb3JtYXQoJ3dvZmYyJyk7CiAgdW5pY29kZS1yYW5nZTogVSswMDAwLTAwRkYsIFUrMDEzMSwgVSswMTUyLTAxNTMsIFUrMDJCQi0wMkJDLCBVKzAyQzYsIFUrMDJEQSwgVSswMkRDLCBVKzIwMDAtMjA2RiwgVSsyMDc0LCBVKzIwQUMsIFUrMjEyMiwgVSsyMTkxLCBVKzIxOTMsIFUrMjIxMiwgVSsyMjE1LCBVK0ZFRkYsIFUrRkZGRDsKfQovKiBsYXRpbi1leHQgKi8KQGZvbnQtZmFjZSB7CiAgZm9udC1mYW1pbHk6ICdMYXRvJzsKICBmb250LXN0eWxlOiBub3JtYWw7CiAgZm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6IDcwMDsKICBzcmM6IGxvY2FsKCdMYXRvIEJvbGQnKSwgbG9jYWwoJ0xhdG8tQm9sZCcpLCB1cmwoaHR0cHM6Ly9mb250cy5nc3RhdGljLmNvbS9zL2xhdG8vdjE2L1M2dTl3NEJNVVRQSGg2VVZTd2FQR1EzcTVkME43dy53b2ZmMikgZm9ybWF0KCd3b2ZmMicpOwogIHVuaWNvZGUtcmFuZ2U6IFUrMDEwMC0wMjRGLCBVKzAyNTksIFUrMUUwMC0xRUZGLCBVKzIwMjAsIFUrMjBBMC0yMEFCLCBVKzIwQUQtMjBDRiwgVSsyMTEzLCBVKzJDNjAtMkM3RiwgVStBNzIwLUE3RkY7Cn0KLyogbGF0aW4gKi8KQGZvbnQtZmFjZSB7CiAgZm9udC1mYW1pbHk6ICdMYXRvJzsKICBmb250LXN0eWxlOiBub3JtYWw7CiAgZm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6IDcwMDsKICBzcmM6IGxvY2FsKCdMYXRvIEJvbGQnKSwgbG9jYWwoJ0xhdG8tQm9sZCcpLCB1cmwoaHR0cHM6Ly9mb250cy5nc3RhdGljLmNvbS9zL2xhdG8vdjE2L1M2dTl3NEJNVVRQSGg2VVZTd2lQR1EzcTVkMC53b2ZmMikgZm9ybWF0KCd3b2ZmMicpOwogIHVuaWNvZGUtcmFuZ2U6IFUrMDAwMC0wMEZGLCBVKzAxMzEsIFUrMDE1Mi0wMTUzLCBVKzAyQkItMDJCQywgVSswMkM2LCBVKzAyREEsIFUrMDJEQywgVSsyMDAwLTIwNkYsIFUrMjA3NCwgVSsyMEFDLCBVKzIxMjIsIFUrMjE5MSwgVSsyMTkzLCBVKzIyMTIsIFUrMjIxNSwgVStGRUZGLCBVK0ZGRkQ7Cn0K"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="data:text/css;base64,/*--------------------- Layout and Typography ----------------------------*/
html {
  font-size: 1rem;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  -webkit-font-variant-ligatures: none;
          font-variant-ligatures: none;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: "Lato", "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Sans", Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  color: #333;
  background: #fff;
}

h1 { font-size: 2.5rem }
h2 { font-size: 2rem }
h3 { font-size: 1.75rem }
h4 { font-size: 1.5rem }
h5 { font-size: 1.25rem }
h6 { font-size: 1rem }

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  margin: 1.5rem 0 1rem;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  font-weight: 700;
  position: relative;
}

pre, tt, code, .pre, span.type, a.type {
  font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Consolas, "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", monospace;
  font-size: .9em;
}

#content {
  position: relative;
}

a, a:link, a:active {
  color: #43853d;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 1px 3px;
}

a:hover, a:focus {
  color: #fff;
  background-color: #43853d;
  outline: none;
}

strong {
  font-weight: 700;
}

code a:hover {
  background: none;
}

em code {
  font-style: normal;
}

#changelog #gtoc {
  display: none;
}

#gtoc {
  margin-top: .5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

#gtoc ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin-left: 0;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
}

#gtoc > ul > li {
  display: inline;
  border-right: 1px #000 solid;
  margin-right: 0.4rem;
  padding-right: 0.4rem;
}

#gtoc > ul > li:last-child {
  border-right: none;
  margin-right: 0;
  padding-right: 0;
}

li.version-picker {
  position: relative;
}

li.version-picker:hover > a {
  border-radius: 2px 2px 0 0;
}

li.version-picker:hover > ol {
  display: block;
  z-index: 1;
}

li.version-picker a span {
  font-size: .7rem;
}

ol.version-picker {
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px #43853d solid;
  border-radius: 0 0 2px 2px;
  display: none;
  list-style: none;
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: 1.25rem;
  width: 100%;
}

#gtoc ol.version-picker li {
  display: block;
  border-right: 0;
  margin-right: 0;
}

ol.version-picker li a {
  border-radius: 0;
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  padding: .1rem;
  padding-left: 1rem;
}

ol.version-picker li:last-child a {
  border-bottom-right-radius: 1px;
  border-bottom-left-radius: 1px;
}

.line {
  width: calc(100% - 1rem);
  display: block;
  padding-bottom: 1px;
}

.api_stability {
  color: white !important;
  margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
  font-family: "Lato", "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Sans", Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif;
  padding: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.api_stability * {
  color: white !important;
}

.api_stability a {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.api_stability a:hover, .api_stability a:active, .api_stability a:focus {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .4);
}

.api_stability a code {
  background: none;
}

.api_stability_0 {
  background-color: #D60027;
}

.api_stability_1 {
  background-color: #EC5315;
}

.api_stability_2 {
  background-color: #4EBA0F;
}

.api_metadata {
  font-size: .85rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.api_metadata span {
  margin-right: 1rem;
}

.api_metadata span:last-child {
  margin-right: 0px;
}

ul.plain {
  list-style: none;
}

abbr {
  border-bottom: 1px dotted #454545;
}

p {
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  margin: 0 0 1.125rem 0;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

#apicontent > *:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding-bottom: 2rem;
}

table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem 0;
}

th, td {
  border: 1px solid #aaa;
  padding: .75rem 1rem .75rem 1rem;
  vertical-align: top;
}

th {
  text-align:left;
}

ol, ul, dl {
  margin: 0 0 .6rem 0;
  padding: 0;
}

ol ul, ol ol, ol dl, ul ul, ul ol, ul dl, dl ul, dl ol, dl dl {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

ul, ol {
  margin-left: 2rem;
}

dl dt {
  position: relative;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 0;
}

dl dd {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0 1rem 0;
}

dd + dt.pre {
  margin-top: 1.6rem;
}

#apicontent {
  padding-top: 1rem;
}

#apicontent .line {
  width: calc(50% - 1rem);
  margin: 1rem 1rem .95rem;
  background-color: #ccc;
}

h2 + h2 {
  margin: 0 0 .5rem;
}

h3 + h3 {
  margin: 0 0 .5rem;
}

h2, h3, h4, h5 {
  position: relative;
  padding-right: 40px;
}

.srclink {
  float: right;
  font-size: smaller;
}

h1 span, h2 span, h3 span, h4 span {
  position: absolute;
  display: block;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
}

h1 span:hover, h2 span:hover, h3 span:hover, h4 span:hover {
  opacity: 1;
}

h1 span a, h2 span a, h3 span a, h4 span a {
  color: #000;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: bold;
}

pre, tt, code {
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  margin: 0; padding: 0;
}

.pre {
  line-height: 1.5rem;
}

pre {
  padding: 1rem;
  vertical-align: top;
  background: #f2f2f2;
  margin: 1rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
}

pre > code {
  padding: 0;
}

pre + h3 {
  margin-top: 2.225rem;
}

code.pre {
  white-space: pre;
}

#intro {
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
  margin-left: 1rem;
}

#intro a {
  color: #ddd;
  font-weight: bold;
}

hr {
  background: none;
  border: medium none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #7a7a7a;
  margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
}

#toc h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

#toc p {
  margin: 0;
}

#toc ul a {
  text-decoration:none;
}

#toc ul li {
  margin-bottom: .666rem;
  list-style: square outside;
}

#toc li > ul {
  margin-top: .666rem;
}

#toc .stability_0::after {
  background-color: #d50027;
  color: #fff;
  content: "deprecated";
  margin-left: .25rem;
  padding: 1px 3px;
  border-radius: 3px;
}

#apicontent li {
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
}

#apicontent li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

tt, code {
  color: #040404;
  background-color: #f2f2f2;
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 1px 3px;
}

.api_stability code {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);
}

a code {
  color: inherit;
  background: inherit;
  padding: 0;
}

.type {
  line-height: 1.5rem;
}

#column1.interior {
  margin-left: 234px;
  padding: 0 2rem;
  -webkit-padding-start: 1.5rem;
}

#column2.interior {
  width: 234px;
  background: #333;
  position: fixed;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  overflow-y: scroll;
}

#column2 ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: .9rem 0 .5rem;
  background: #333;
}

#column2 > :first-child {
  margin: 1.25rem;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}

#column2 > ul:nth-child(2) {
  margin: 1.25rem 0 .5rem;
}

#column2 > ul:last-child {
  margin: .9rem 0 1.25rem;
}

#column2 ul li {
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
  padding-bottom: .5rem;
}

#column2 .line {
  margin: 0 .5rem;
  background-color: #707070;
}

#column2 ul li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#column2 ul li a {
  color: #ccc;
  border-radius: 0;
}

#column2 ul li a.active, #column2 ul li a.active:hover,
#column2 ul li a.active:focus {
  color: #43853d;
  border-radius: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #43853d;
  background: none;
}

#intro a:hover, #intro a:focus,
#column2 ul li a:hover, #column2 ul li a:focus {
  color: #fff;
  background: none;
}

span > .mark, span > .mark:visited {
  color: #707070;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0px;
  right: 0px;
}

span > .mark:hover, span > .mark:focus, span > .mark:active {
  color: #43853d;
  background: none;
}

th > *:last-child, td > *:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.changelog > summary {
  margin: .5rem 0;
  padding: .5rem 0;
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* simpler clearfix */
.clearfix:after {
  content: ".";
  display: block;
  height: 0;
  clear: both;
  visibility: hidden;
}

.github_icon {
  vertical-align: middle;
  margin: -2px 3px 0 0;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 1024px) {
  #content {
    overflow: visible;
  }
  #column1.interior {
    margin-left: 0;
    padding-left: .5rem;
    padding-right: .5rem;
    width: auto;
    overflow-y: visible;
  }
  #column2 {
    display: none;
  }
}

@media print {
  html {
    height: auto;
    font-size: 0.75em;
  }
  #column2.interior {
    display: none;
  }
  #column1.interior {
    margin-left: 0px;
    padding: 0px;
    overflow-y: auto;
  }
  .api_metadata,
  #toc,
  .srclink,
  #gtoc,
  .mark {
    display: none;
  }
  h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }
  h2 {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
  }
  h3 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }
  h4 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
  }
  h5 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }
  h6 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
  .api_stability {
    display: inline-block;
  }
  .api_stability a {
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  a {
    color: inherit;
  }
  #apicontent {
    overflow: hidden;
  }
}
"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="data:text/css;base64,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"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nodejs.org/api/repl.html"> </head> <body class="alt apidoc" id="api-section-repl"> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <div id="column2" class="interior"> <div id="intro" class="interior"> <a href="https://nodejs.org/" title="Go back to the home page"> Node.js </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/documentation.html" class="nav-documentation">About these Docs</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/synopsis.html" class="nav-synopsis">Usage & Example</a></li> </ul> <div class="line"></div> <ul> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/assert.html" class="nav-assert">Assertion Testing</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/async_hooks.html" class="nav-async_hooks">Async Hooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html" class="nav-buffer">Buffer</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/addons.html" class="nav-addons">C++ Addons</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/n-api.html" class="nav-n-api">C/C++ Addons - N-API</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html" class="nav-child_process">Child Processes</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/cluster.html" class="nav-cluster">Cluster</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html" class="nav-cli">Command Line Options</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/console.html" class="nav-console">Console</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/crypto.html" class="nav-crypto">Crypto</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/debugger.html" class="nav-debugger">Debugger</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/deprecations.html" class="nav-deprecations">Deprecated APIs</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/dns.html" class="nav-dns">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/domain.html" class="nav-domain">Domain</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/esm.html" class="nav-esm">ECMAScript Modules</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/errors.html" class="nav-errors">Errors</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/events.html" class="nav-events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/fs.html" class="nav-fs">File System</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/globals.html" class="nav-globals">Globals</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/http.html" class="nav-http">HTTP</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/http2.html" class="nav-http2">HTTP/2</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/https.html" class="nav-https">HTTPS</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/inspector.html" class="nav-inspector">Inspector</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/intl.html" class="nav-intl">Internationalization</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html" class="nav-modules">Modules</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/net.html" class="nav-net">Net</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/os.html" class="nav-os">OS</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/path.html" class="nav-path">Path</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/perf_hooks.html" class="nav-perf_hooks">Performance Hooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/policy.html" class="nav-policy">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/process.html" class="nav-process">Process</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/punycode.html" class="nav-punycode">Punycode</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/querystring.html" class="nav-querystring">Query Strings</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/readline.html" class="nav-readline">Readline</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/repl.html" class="nav-repl active">REPL</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/report.html" class="nav-report">Report</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html" class="nav-stream">Stream</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/string_decoder.html" class="nav-string_decoder">String Decoder</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/timers.html" class="nav-timers">Timers</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/tls.html" class="nav-tls">TLS/SSL</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/tracing.html" class="nav-tracing">Trace Events</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/tty.html" class="nav-tty">TTY</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/dgram.html" class="nav-dgram">UDP/Datagram</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/url.html" class="nav-url">URL</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/util.html" class="nav-util">Utilities</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/v8.html" class="nav-v8">V8</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html" class="nav-vm">VM</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/worker_threads.html" class="nav-worker_threads">Worker Threads</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/zlib.html" class="nav-zlib">Zlib</a></li> </ul> <div class="line"></div> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node" class="nav-https-github-com-nodejs-node">GitHub Repo & Issue Tracker</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="column1" data-id="repl" class="interior"> <header> <h1>Node.js v12.10.0 Documentation</h1> <div id="gtoc"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/index.html" name="toc">Index</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/all.html">View on single page</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/repl.json">View as JSON</a> </li> <li class="version-picker"> <a href="#">View another version <span>▼</span></a> <ol class="version-picker"><li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v12.x/api/repl.html">12.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v11.x/api/repl.html">11.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v10.x/api/repl.html">10.x <b>LTS</b></a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v9.x/api/repl.html">9.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v8.x/api/repl.html">8.x <b>LTS</b></a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v7.x/api/repl.html">7.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v6.x/api/repl.html">6.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v5.x/api/repl.html">5.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v4.x/api/repl.html">4.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.12.x/api/repl.html">0.12.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.10.x/api/repl.html">0.10.x</a></li></ol> </li> <li class="edit_on_github"><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/edit/master/doc/api/repl.md"><span class="github_icon"><svg height="16" width="16" viewBox="0 0 16.1 16.1" fill="currentColor"><path d="M8 0a8 8 0 0 0-2.5 15.6c.4 0 .5-.2.5-.4v-1.5c-2 .4-2.5-.5-2.7-1 0-.1-.5-.9-.8-1-.3-.2-.7-.6 0-.6.6 0 1 .6 1.2.8.7 1.2 1.9 1 2.4.7 0-.5.2-.9.5-1-1.8-.3-3.7-1-3.7-4 0-.9.3-1.6.8-2.2 0-.2-.3-1 .1-2 0 0 .7-.3 2.2.7a7.4 7.4 0 0 1 4 0c1.5-1 2.2-.8 2.2-.8.5 1.1.2 2 .1 2.1.5.6.8 1.3.8 2.2 0 3-1.9 3.7-3.6 4 .3.2.5.7.5 1.4v2.2c0 .2.1.5.5.4A8 8 0 0 0 16 8a8 8 0 0 0-8-8z"></path></svg></span>Edit on GitHub</a></li> </ul> </div> <hr> </header> <div id="toc"> <h2>Table of Contents</h2> <ul> <li> <p><span class="stability_2"><a href="#repl_repl">REPL</a></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#repl_design_and_features">Design and Features</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="#repl_commands_and_special_keys">Commands and Special Keys</a></li> <li> <p><a href="#repl_default_evaluation">Default Evaluation</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="#repl_javascript_expressions">JavaScript Expressions</a></li> <li><a href="#repl_global_and_local_scope">Global and Local Scope</a></li> <li><a href="#repl_accessing_core_node_js_modules">Accessing Core Node.js Modules</a></li> <li><a href="#repl_global_uncaught_exceptions">Global Uncaught Exceptions</a></li> <li><a href="#repl_assignment_of_the_underscore_variable">Assignment of the <code>_</code> (underscore) variable</a></li> <li><a href="#repl_await_keyword"><code>await</code> keyword</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><a href="#repl_custom_evaluation_functions">Custom Evaluation Functions</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="#repl_recoverable_errors">Recoverable Errors</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#repl_customizing_repl_output">Customizing REPL Output</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><a href="#repl_class_replserver">Class: REPLServer</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="#repl_event_exit">Event: 'exit'</a></li> <li><a href="#repl_event_reset">Event: 'reset'</a></li> <li><a href="#repl_replserver_definecommand_keyword_cmd">replServer.defineCommand(keyword, cmd)</a></li> <li><a href="#repl_replserver_displayprompt_preservecursor">replServer.displayPrompt([preserveCursor])</a></li> <li><a href="#repl_replserver_clearbufferedcommand">replServer.clearBufferedCommand()</a></li> <li><span class="stability_0"><a href="#repl_replserver_parsereplkeyword_keyword_rest">replServer.parseREPLKeyword(keyword[, rest])</a></span></li> <li><a href="#repl_replserver_setuphistory_historypath_callback">replServer.setupHistory(historyPath, callback)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#repl_repl_start_options">repl.start([options])</a></li> <li> <p><a href="#repl_the_node_js_repl">The Node.js REPL</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="#repl_environment_variable_options">Environment Variable Options</a></li> <li><a href="#repl_persistent_history">Persistent History</a></li> <li><a href="#repl_using_the_node_js_repl_with_advanced_line_editors">Using the Node.js REPL with advanced line-editors</a></li> <li><a href="#repl_starting_multiple_repl_instances_against_a_single_running_instance">Starting multiple REPL instances against a single running instance</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="apicontent"> <h1>REPL<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_repl" id="repl_repl">#</a></span></h1> <p></p><div class="api_stability api_stability_2"><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/documentation.html#documentation_stability_index">Stability: 2</a> - Stable</div><p></p> <p>The <code>repl</code> module provides a Read-Eval-Print-Loop (REPL) implementation that is available both as a standalone program or includible in other applications. It can be accessed using:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const repl = require('repl'); </code></pre> <h2>Design and Features<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_design_and_features" id="repl_design_and_features">#</a></span></h2> <p>The <code>repl</code> module exports the <a href="#repl_class_replserver"><code>repl.REPLServer</code></a> class. While running, instances of <a href="#repl_class_replserver"><code>repl.REPLServer</code></a> will accept individual lines of user input, evaluate those according to a user-defined evaluation function, then output the result. Input and output may be from <code>stdin</code> and <code>stdout</code>, respectively, or may be connected to any Node.js <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html">stream</a>.</p> <p>Instances of <a href="#repl_class_replserver"><code>repl.REPLServer</code></a> support automatic completion of inputs, simplistic Emacs-style line editing, multi-line inputs, ANSI-styled output, saving and restoring current REPL session state, error recovery, and customizable evaluation functions.</p> <h3>Commands and Special Keys<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_commands_and_special_keys" id="repl_commands_and_special_keys">#</a></span></h3> <p>The following special commands are supported by all REPL instances:</p> <ul> <li><code>.break</code> - When in the process of inputting a multi-line expression, entering the <code>.break</code> command (or pressing the <code><ctrl>-C</code> key combination) will abort further input or processing of that expression.</li> <li><code>.clear</code> - Resets the REPL <code>context</code> to an empty object and clears any multi-line expression currently being input.</li> <li><code>.exit</code> - Close the I/O stream, causing the REPL to exit.</li> <li><code>.help</code> - Show this list of special commands.</li> <li><code>.save</code> - Save the current REPL session to a file: <code>> .save ./file/to/save.js</code></li> <li><code>.load</code> - Load a file into the current REPL session. <code>> .load ./file/to/load.js</code></li> <li><code>.editor</code> - Enter editor mode (<code><ctrl>-D</code> to finish, <code><ctrl>-C</code> to cancel).</li> </ul> <pre><code class="language-console">> .editor // Entering editor mode (^D to finish, ^C to cancel) function welcome(name) { return `Hello ${name}!`; } welcome('Node.js User'); // ^D 'Hello Node.js User!' > </code></pre> <p>The following key combinations in the REPL have these special effects:</p> <ul> <li><code><ctrl>-C</code> - When pressed once, has the same effect as the <code>.break</code> command. When pressed twice on a blank line, has the same effect as the <code>.exit</code> command.</li> <li><code><ctrl>-D</code> - Has the same effect as the <code>.exit</code> command.</li> <li><code><tab></code> - When pressed on a blank line, displays global and local (scope) variables. When pressed while entering other input, displays relevant autocompletion options.</li> </ul> <h3>Default Evaluation<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_default_evaluation" id="repl_default_evaluation">#</a></span></h3> <p>By default, all instances of <a href="#repl_class_replserver"><code>repl.REPLServer</code></a> use an evaluation function that evaluates JavaScript expressions and provides access to Node.js' built-in modules. This default behavior can be overridden by passing in an alternative evaluation function when the <a href="#repl_class_replserver"><code>repl.REPLServer</code></a> instance is created.</p> <h4>JavaScript Expressions<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_javascript_expressions" id="repl_javascript_expressions">#</a></span></h4> <p>The default evaluator supports direct evaluation of JavaScript expressions:</p> <pre><code class="language-console">> 1 + 1 2 > const m = 2 undefined > m + 1 3 </code></pre> <p>Unless otherwise scoped within blocks or functions, variables declared either implicitly or using the <code>const</code>, <code>let</code>, or <code>var</code> keywords are declared at the global scope.</p> <h4>Global and Local Scope<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_global_and_local_scope" id="repl_global_and_local_scope">#</a></span></h4> <p>The default evaluator provides access to any variables that exist in the global scope. It is possible to expose a variable to the REPL explicitly by assigning it to the <code>context</code> object associated with each <code>REPLServer</code>:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const repl = require('repl'); const msg = 'message'; repl.start('> ').context.m = msg; </code></pre> <p>Properties in the <code>context</code> object appear as local within the REPL:</p> <pre><code class="language-console">$ node repl_test.js > m 'message' </code></pre> <p>Context properties are not read-only by default. To specify read-only globals, context properties must be defined using <code>Object.defineProperty()</code>:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const repl = require('repl'); const msg = 'message'; const r = repl.start('> '); Object.defineProperty(r.context, 'm', { configurable: false, enumerable: true, value: msg }); </code></pre> <h4>Accessing Core Node.js Modules<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_accessing_core_node_js_modules" id="repl_accessing_core_node_js_modules">#</a></span></h4> <p>The default evaluator will automatically load Node.js core modules into the REPL environment when used. For instance, unless otherwise declared as a global or scoped variable, the input <code>fs</code> will be evaluated on-demand as <code>global.fs = require('fs')</code>.</p> <pre><code class="language-console">> fs.createReadStream('./some/file'); </code></pre> <h4>Global Uncaught Exceptions<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_global_uncaught_exceptions" id="repl_global_uncaught_exceptions">#</a></span></h4> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v12.3.0</td> <td><p>The <code>'uncaughtException'</code> event is from now on triggered if the repl is used as standalone program.</p></td></tr> </tbody></table> </details> </div> <p>The REPL uses the <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/domain.html"><code>domain</code></a> module to catch all uncaught exceptions for that REPL session.</p> <p>This use of the <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/domain.html"><code>domain</code></a> module in the REPL has these side effects:</p> <ul> <li>Uncaught exceptions only emit the <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_event_uncaughtexception"><code>'uncaughtException'</code></a> event if the <code>repl</code> is used as standalone program. If the <code>repl</code> is included anywhere in another application, adding a listener for this event will throw an <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/errors.html#errors_err_invalid_repl_input"><code>ERR_INVALID_REPL_INPUT</code></a> exception.</li> <li>Trying to use <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_setuncaughtexceptioncapturecallback_fn"><code>process.setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()</code></a> throws an <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/errors.html#errors_err_domain_cannot_set_uncaught_exception_capture"><code>ERR_DOMAIN_CANNOT_SET_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTION_CAPTURE</code></a> error.</li> </ul> <p>As standalone program:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.on('uncaughtException', () => console.log('Uncaught')); throw new Error('foobar'); // Uncaught </code></pre> <p>When used in another application:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.on('uncaughtException', () => console.log('Uncaught')); // TypeError [ERR_INVALID_REPL_INPUT]: Listeners for `uncaughtException` // cannot be used in the REPL throw new Error('foobar'); // Thrown: // Error: foobar </code></pre> <h4>Assignment of the <code>_</code> (underscore) variable<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_assignment_of_the_underscore_variable" id="repl_assignment_of_the_underscore_variable">#</a></span></h4> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v9.8.0</td> <td><p>Added <code>_error</code> support.</p></td></tr> </tbody></table> </details> </div> <p>The default evaluator will, by default, assign the result of the most recently evaluated expression to the special variable <code>_</code> (underscore). Explicitly setting <code>_</code> to a value will disable this behavior.</p> <pre><code class="language-console">> [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ] [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ] > _.length 3 > _ += 1 Expression assignment to _ now disabled. 4 > 1 + 1 2 > _ 4 </code></pre> <p>Similarly, <code>_error</code> will refer to the last seen error, if there was any. Explicitly setting <code>_error</code> to a value will disable this behavior.</p> <pre><code class="language-console">> throw new Error('foo'); Error: foo > _error.message 'foo' </code></pre> <h4><code>await</code> keyword<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_await_keyword" id="repl_await_keyword">#</a></span></h4> <p>With the <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#cli_experimental_repl_await"><code>--experimental-repl-await</code></a> command line option specified, experimental support for the <code>await</code> keyword is enabled.</p> <pre><code class="language-console">> await Promise.resolve(123) 123 > await Promise.reject(new Error('REPL await')) Error: REPL await at repl:1:45 > const timeout = util.promisify(setTimeout); undefined > const old = Date.now(); await timeout(1000); console.log(Date.now() - old); 1002 undefined </code></pre> <h3>Custom Evaluation Functions<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_custom_evaluation_functions" id="repl_custom_evaluation_functions">#</a></span></h3> <p>When a new <a href="#repl_class_replserver"><code>repl.REPLServer</code></a> is created, a custom evaluation function may be provided. This can be used, for instance, to implement fully customized REPL applications.</p> <p>The following illustrates a hypothetical example of a REPL that performs translation of text from one language to another:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const repl = require('repl'); const { Translator } = require('translator'); const myTranslator = new Translator('en', 'fr'); function myEval(cmd, context, filename, callback) { callback(null, myTranslator.translate(cmd)); } repl.start({ prompt: '> ', eval: myEval }); </code></pre> <h4>Recoverable Errors<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_recoverable_errors" id="repl_recoverable_errors">#</a></span></h4> <p>As a user is typing input into the REPL prompt, pressing the <code><enter></code> key will send the current line of input to the <code>eval</code> function. In order to support multi-line input, the eval function can return an instance of <code>repl.Recoverable</code> to the provided callback function:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">function myEval(cmd, context, filename, callback) { let result; try { result = vm.runInThisContext(cmd); } catch (e) { if (isRecoverableError(e)) { return callback(new repl.Recoverable(e)); } } callback(null, result); } function isRecoverableError(error) { if (error.name === 'SyntaxError') { return /^(Unexpected end of input|Unexpected token)/.test(error.message); } return false; } </code></pre> <h3>Customizing REPL Output<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_customizing_repl_output" id="repl_customizing_repl_output">#</a></span></h3> <p>By default, <a href="#repl_class_replserver"><code>repl.REPLServer</code></a> instances format output using the <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/util.html#util_util_inspect_object_options"><code>util.inspect()</code></a> method before writing the output to the provided <code>Writable</code> stream (<code>process.stdout</code> by default). The <code>showProxy</code> inspection option is set to true by default and the <code>colors</code> option is set to true depending on the REPL's <code>useColors</code> option.</p> <p>The <code>useColors</code> boolean option can be specified at construction to instruct the default writer to use ANSI style codes to colorize the output from the <code>util.inspect()</code> method.</p> <p>If the REPL is run as standalone program, it is also possible to change the REPL's <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/util.html#util_util_inspect_object_options">inspection defaults</a> from inside the REPL by using the <code>inspect.replDefaults</code> property which mirrors the <code>defaultOptions</code> from <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/util.html#util_util_inspect_object_options"><code>util.inspect()</code></a>.</p> <pre><code class="language-console">> util.inspect.replDefaults.compact = false; false > [1] [ 1 ] > </code></pre> <p>To fully customize the output of a <a href="#repl_class_replserver"><code>repl.REPLServer</code></a> instance pass in a new function for the <code>writer</code> option on construction. The following example, for instance, simply converts any input text to upper case:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const repl = require('repl'); const r = repl.start({ prompt: '> ', eval: myEval, writer: myWriter }); function myEval(cmd, context, filename, callback) { callback(null, cmd); } function myWriter(output) { return output.toUpperCase(); } </code></pre> <h2>Class: REPLServer<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_class_replserver" id="repl_class_replserver">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.91</span> </div> <ul> <li>Extends: <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/readline.html#readline_class_interface" class="type"><readline.Interface></a></li> </ul> <p>Instances of <code>repl.REPLServer</code> are created using the <code>repl.start()</code> method and <em>should not</em> be created directly using the JavaScript <code>new</code> keyword.</p> <h3>Event: 'exit'<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_event_exit" id="repl_event_exit">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.7.7</span> </div> <p>The <code>'exit'</code> event is emitted when the REPL is exited either by receiving the <code>.exit</code> command as input, the user pressing <code><ctrl>-C</code> twice to signal <code>SIGINT</code>, or by pressing <code><ctrl>-D</code> to signal <code>'end'</code> on the input stream. The listener callback is invoked without any arguments.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">replServer.on('exit', () => { console.log('Received "exit" event from repl!'); process.exit(); }); </code></pre> <h3>Event: 'reset'<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_event_reset" id="repl_event_reset">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.11.0</span> </div> <p>The <code>'reset'</code> event is emitted when the REPL's context is reset. This occurs whenever the <code>.clear</code> command is received as input <em>unless</em> the REPL is using the default evaluator and the <code>repl.REPLServer</code> instance was created with the <code>useGlobal</code> option set to <code>true</code>. The listener callback will be called with a reference to the <code>context</code> object as the only argument.</p> <p>This can be used primarily to re-initialize REPL context to some pre-defined state:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const repl = require('repl'); function initializeContext(context) { context.m = 'test'; } const r = repl.start({ prompt: '> ' }); initializeContext(r.context); r.on('reset', initializeContext); </code></pre> <p>When this code is executed, the global <code>'m'</code> variable can be modified but then reset to its initial value using the <code>.clear</code> command:</p> <pre><code class="language-console">$ ./node example.js > m 'test' > m = 1 1 > m 1 > .clear Clearing context... > m 'test' > </code></pre> <h3>replServer.defineCommand(keyword, cmd)<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_replserver_definecommand_keyword_cmd" id="repl_replserver_definecommand_keyword_cmd">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.3.0</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>keyword</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The command keyword (<em>without</em> a leading <code>.</code> character).</li> <li><code>cmd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a> The function to invoke when the command is processed.</li> </ul> <p>The <code>replServer.defineCommand()</code> method is used to add new <code>.</code>-prefixed commands to the REPL instance. Such commands are invoked by typing a <code>.</code> followed by the <code>keyword</code>. The <code>cmd</code> is either a <code>Function</code> or an <code>Object</code> with the following properties:</p> <ul> <li><code>help</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> Help text to be displayed when <code>.help</code> is entered (Optional).</li> <li><code>action</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a> The function to execute, optionally accepting a single string argument.</li> </ul> <p>The following example shows two new commands added to the REPL instance:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const repl = require('repl'); const replServer = repl.start({ prompt: '> ' }); replServer.defineCommand('sayhello', { help: 'Say hello', action(name) { this.clearBufferedCommand(); console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`); this.displayPrompt(); } }); replServer.defineCommand('saybye', function saybye() { console.log('Goodbye!'); this.close(); }); </code></pre> <p>The new commands can then be used from within the REPL instance:</p> <pre><code class="language-txt">> .sayhello Node.js User Hello, Node.js User! > .saybye Goodbye! </code></pre> <h3>replServer.displayPrompt([preserveCursor])<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_replserver_displayprompt_preservecursor" id="repl_replserver_displayprompt_preservecursor">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.91</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>preserveCursor</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>replServer.displayPrompt()</code> method readies the REPL instance for input from the user, printing the configured <code>prompt</code> to a new line in the <code>output</code> and resuming the <code>input</code> to accept new input.</p> <p>When multi-line input is being entered, an ellipsis is printed rather than the 'prompt'.</p> <p>When <code>preserveCursor</code> is <code>true</code>, the cursor placement will not be reset to <code>0</code>.</p> <p>The <code>replServer.displayPrompt</code> method is primarily intended to be called from within the action function for commands registered using the <code>replServer.defineCommand()</code> method.</p> <h3>replServer.clearBufferedCommand()<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_replserver_clearbufferedcommand" id="repl_replserver_clearbufferedcommand">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v9.0.0</span> </div> <p>The <code>replServer.clearBufferedCommand()</code> method clears any command that has been buffered but not yet executed. This method is primarily intended to be called from within the action function for commands registered using the <code>replServer.defineCommand()</code> method.</p> <h3>replServer.parseREPLKeyword(keyword[, rest])<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_replserver_parsereplkeyword_keyword_rest" id="repl_replserver_parsereplkeyword_keyword_rest">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.8.9</span><span>Deprecated since: v9.0.0</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>keyword</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> the potential keyword to parse and execute</li> <li><code>rest</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Data_types" class="type"><any></a> any parameters to the keyword command</li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a></li> </ul> <p></p><div class="api_stability api_stability_0"><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/documentation.html#documentation_stability_index">Stability: 0</a> - Deprecated.</div><p></p> <p>An internal method used to parse and execute <code>REPLServer</code> keywords. Returns <code>true</code> if <code>keyword</code> is a valid keyword, otherwise <code>false</code>.</p> <h3>replServer.setupHistory(historyPath, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#repl_replserver_setuphistory_historypath_callback" id="repl_replserver_setuphistory_historypath_callback">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v11.10.0</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>historyPath</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> the path to the history file</li> <li> <p><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a> called when history writes are ready or upon error</p> <ul> <li><code>err</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error" class="type"><Error></a></li> <li><code>repl</code> <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/repl.html#repl_class_replserver" class="type"><repl.REPLServer></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Initializes a history log file for the REPL instance. When executing the Node.js binary and using the command line REPL, a history file is initialized by default. However, this is not the case when creating a REPL programmatically. Use this method to initialize a history log file when working with REPL instances programmatically.</p> <h2>repl.start([options])<a class="srclink" href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/3a2e75d9a5c31d20e429d505b82dd182e33f459a/lib/repl.js#L823">[src]</a><span><a class="mark" href="#repl_repl_start_options" id="repl_repl_start_options">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v12.0.0</td> <td><p>The <code>terminal</code> option now follows the default description in all cases and <code>useColors</code> checks <code>hasColors()</code> if available.</p></td></tr> <tr><td>v10.0.0</td> <td><p>The <code>REPL_MAGIC_MODE</code> <code>replMode</code> was removed.</p></td></tr> <tr><td>v5.8.0</td> <td><p>The <code>options</code> parameter is optional now.</p></td></tr> <tr><td>v0.1.91</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.91</span></p></td></tr> </tbody></table> </details> </div> <ul> <li> <p><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></p> <ul> <li><code>prompt</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The input prompt to display. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'> '</code> (with a trailing space).</li> <li><code>input</code> <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_readable" class="type"><stream.Readable></a> The <code>Readable</code> stream from which REPL input will be read. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>process.stdin</code>.</li> <li><code>output</code> <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_writable" class="type"><stream.Writable></a> The <code>Writable</code> stream to which REPL output will be written. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>process.stdout</code>.</li> <li><code>terminal</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a> If <code>true</code>, sp