keplerian-core/dist/constants/astrodynamics.js

High-performance TypeScript library for orbital mechanics calculations, providing numerical integration, state propagation, and perturbation modeling for Keplerian orbits.

// Astrodynamical Constants
// Standard Gravitational Parameter of Earth (GM) in km^3/s^2
export const EARTH_GRAVITATIONAL_PARAMETER = 398600.4418;
// Mean Radius of Earth in km
export const EARTH_MEAN_RADIUS = 6371.0;
// Earth's J2 (second zonal harmonic) coefficient
export const EARTH_J2 = 0.00108263;
// Earth's J3 (third zonal harmonic) coefficient
export const EARTH_J3 = -0.0000025324;
// Earth's J4 (fourth zonal harmonic) coefficient
export const EARTH_J4 = -0.0000016196;
// Speed of light in km/s
export const SPEED_OF_LIGHT = 299792.458;
// Astronomical Unit (AU) in km
export const ASTRONOMICAL_UNIT = 149597870.7;
// Solar Radiation Pressure Constant (P0) at 1 AU in N/m^2
// This value is often given in different units, converting to N/km^2 for consistency with km and s
// 4.56 x 10^-6 N/m^2 = 4.56 x 10^-12 N/km^2
export const SOLAR_RADIATION_PRESSURE_CONSTANT = 4.56e-12;
// Solar Luminosity in Watts (W)
export const SOLAR_LUMINOSITY = 3.828e26;
// Solar Mass in kg
export const SOLAR_MASS = 1.989e30;
// Gravitational Constant (G) in N(km/kg)^2
// G = 6.67430 × 10^-11 N(m/kg)^2 = 6.67430 × 10^-20 N(km/kg)^2
export const GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT = 6.67430e-20;
// Atmospheric Density Model Constants (simplified for a basic exponential model)
// Reference altitude for atmospheric density (e.g., 0 km)
export const ATMOSPHERE_REFERENCE_ALTITUDE = 0;
// Reference density at reference altitude (e.g., kg/km^3 for Earth's atmosphere at sea level)
// 1.225 kg/m^3 = 1.225e9 kg/km^3
export const ATMOSPHERE_REFERENCE_DENSITY = 1.225e9;
// Scale height for atmospheric density (e.g., km)
export const ATMOSPHERE_SCALE_HEIGHT = 8.5;
// Standard atmospheric pressure at sea level (Pa)
export const STANDARD_ATMOSPHERIC_PRESSURE = 101325;
// Standard temperature at sea level (K)
export const STANDARD_TEMPERATURE = 288.15;
// Gas constant for dry air (J/(kg·K))
export const GAS_CONSTANT_DRY_AIR = 287.05;
// Molar mass of Earth's air (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_AIR = 0.0289644;
// Boltzmann constant (J/K)
export const BOLTZMANN_CONSTANT = 1.380649e-23;
// Avogadro constant (mol^-1)
export const AVOGADRO_CONSTANT = 6.02214076e23;
// Universal gas constant (J/(mol·K))
export const UNIVERSAL_GAS_CONSTANT = 8.314462618;
// Earth's rotation rate (rad/s)
export const EARTH_ROTATION_RATE = 7.292115e-5;
// Mean anomaly of the Sun at J2000.0 (degrees)
export const SUN_MEAN_ANOMALY_J2000 = 357.5291;
// Mean longitude of the Sun at J2000.0 (degrees)
export const SUN_MEAN_LONGITUDE_J2000 = 280.46646;
// Eccentricity of Earth's orbit
export const EARTH_ORBIT_ECCENTRICITY = 0.0167086;
// Inclination of Earth's orbit (degrees)
export const EARTH_ORBIT_INCLINATION = 23.439291;
// Longitude of perihelion of Earth's orbit (degrees)
export const EARTH_ORBIT_PERIHELION_LONGITUDE = 102.94719;
// Node of ascending node of Earth's orbit (degrees)
export const EARTH_ORBIT_ASCENDING_NODE = 0;
// Speed of sound in dry air at sea level (m/s)
export const SPEED_OF_SOUND_SEA_LEVEL = 340.29;
// Viscosity of air at sea level (Pa·s)
export const AIR_VISCOSITY_SEA_LEVEL = 1.81e-5;
// Thermal conductivity of air at sea level (W/(m·K))
export const AIR_THERMAL_CONDUCTIVITY_SEA_LEVEL = 0.0257;
// Specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure (J/(kg·K))
export const AIR_SPECIFIC_HEAT_CP = 1005;
// Specific heat capacity of air at constant volume (J/(kg·K))
export const AIR_SPECIFIC_HEAT_CV = 718;
// Ratio of specific heats for air (gamma)
export const AIR_GAMMA = AIR_SPECIFIC_HEAT_CP / AIR_SPECIFIC_HEAT_CV;
// Earth's oblateness (flattening) factor
export const EARTH_OBLATENESS = 1 / 298.257223563;
// Equatorial radius of Earth (km)
export const EARTH_EQUATORIAL_RADIUS = 6378.137;
// Polar radius of Earth (km)
export const EARTH_POLAR_RADIUS = 6356.7523;
// Earth's rotation period (seconds)
export const EARTH_ROTATION_PERIOD = 86164.09053;
// Sidereal day in seconds
export const SIDEREAL_DAY = 86164.09053;
// Solar day in seconds
export const SOLAR_DAY = 86400;
// Julian day at J2000.0
export const JULIAN_DAY_J2000 = 2451545.0;
// Number of seconds in a day
export const SECONDS_PER_DAY = 86400;
// Number of days in a Julian year
export const DAYS_PER_JULIAN_YEAR = 365.25;
// Number of days in a Gregorian year
export const DAYS_PER_GREGORIAN_YEAR = 365.2425;
// Speed of sound in vacuum (theoretical, same as speed of light)
export const SPEED_OF_SOUND_VACUUM = SPEED_OF_LIGHT;
// Standard gravity (m/s^2) - converting to km/s^2
export const STANDARD_GRAVITY = 9.80665e-3;
// Earth's magnetic field strength at equator (Tesla)
export const EARTH_MAGNETIC_FIELD_EQUATOR = 3.12e-5;
// Earth's magnetic field strength at poles (Tesla)
export const EARTH_MAGNETIC_FIELD_POLES = 6.24e-5;
// Solar constant (W/m^2) - converting to W/km^2
export const SOLAR_CONSTANT = 1361; // W/m^2
export const SOLAR_CONSTANT_KM2 = SOLAR_CONSTANT * 1e6; // W/km^2
// Stefan-Boltzmann constant (W/(m^2·K^4)) - converting to W/(km^2·K^4)
export const STEFAN_BOLTZMANN_CONSTANT = 5.670374419e-8; // W/(m^2·K^4)
export const STEFAN_BOLTZMANN_CONSTANT_KM2 = STEFAN_BOLTZMANN_CONSTANT * 1e12; // W/(km^2·K^4)
// Wien's displacement law constant (m·K)
export const WIENS_DISPLACEMENT_CONSTANT = 2.897771955e-3;
// Planck constant (J·s)
export const PLANCK_CONSTANT = 6.62607015e-34;
// Electron charge (Coulombs)
export const ELECTRON_CHARGE = 1.602176634e-19;
// Electron mass (kg)
export const ELECTRON_MASS = 9.1093837015e-31;
// Proton mass (kg)
export const PROTON_MASS = 1.67262192369e-27;
// Neutron mass (kg)
export const NEUTRON_MASS = 1.67492749804e-27;
// Atomic mass unit (kg)
export const ATOMIC_MASS_UNIT = 1.66053906660e-27;
// Fine-structure constant
export const FINE_STRUCTURE_CONSTANT = 7.2973525693e-3;
// Rydberg constant (m^-1)
export const RYDBERG_CONSTANT = 10973731.568160;
// Bohr radius (m)
export const BOHR_RADIUS = 5.29177210903e-11;
// Hartree energy (J)
export const HARTREE_ENERGY = 4.3597447222071e-18;
// Elementary charge (C)
export const ELEMENTARY_CHARGE = 1.602176634e-19;
// Magnetic flux quantum (Wb)
export const MAGNETIC_FLUX_QUANTUM = 2.067833848e-15;
// Josephson constant (Hz/V)
export const JOSEPHSON_CONSTANT = 4.835978484e14;
// Von Klitzing constant (Ohm)
export const VON_KLITZING_CONSTANT = 25812.80745;
// Quantum of circulation (m^2/s)
export const QUANTUM_OF_CIRCULATION = 3.6369475515e-4;
// Superconducting flux quantum (Wb)
export const SUPERCONDUCTING_FLUX_QUANTUM = 2.067833848e-15;
// Conductance quantum (S)
export const CONDUCTANCE_QUANTUM = 7.748091729e-5;
// Inverse fine-structure constant
export const INVERSE_FINE_STRUCTURE_CONSTANT = 137.035999084;
// Electron g-factor
export const ELECTRON_G_FACTOR = 2.00231930436256;
// Muon g-factor
export const MUON_G_FACTOR = 2.0023318418;
// Proton g-factor
export const PROTON_G_FACTOR = 5.5856946893;
// Neutron g-factor
export const NEUTRON_G_FACTOR = -3.82608545;
// Deuteron g-factor
export const DEUTERON_G_FACTOR = 0.8574382308;
// Triton g-factor
export const TRITON_G_FACTOR = 2.980860;
// Helium-3 g-factor
export const HELIUM3_G_FACTOR = -4.255250;
// Proton-electron mass ratio
export const PROTON_ELECTRON_MASS_RATIO = 1836.15267343;
// Muon-electron mass ratio
export const MUON_ELECTRON_MASS_RATIO = 206.7682830;
// Tau-electron mass ratio
export const TAU_ELECTRON_MASS_RATIO = 3477.1;
// Neutron-electron mass ratio
export const NEUTRON_ELECTRON_MASS_RATIO = 1838.6836617;
// Deuteron-electron mass ratio
export const DEUTERON_ELECTRON_MASS_RATIO = 3670.4829678;
// Triton-electron mass ratio
export const TRITON_ELECTRON_MASS_RATIO = 5496.92125;
// Helium-3-electron mass ratio
export const HELIUM3_ELECTRON_MASS_RATIO = 5495.88527;
// Alpha particle-electron mass ratio
export const ALPHA_PARTICLE_ELECTRON_MASS_RATIO = 7294.2995365;
// Deuteron-proton mass ratio
export const DEUTERON_PROTON_MASS_RATIO = 2.0009999999999998;
// Triton-proton mass ratio
export const TRITON_PROTON_MASS_RATIO = 3.0009999999999998;
// Helium-3-proton mass ratio
export const HELIUM3_PROTON_MASS_RATIO = 3.0009999999999998;
// Alpha particle-proton mass ratio
export const ALPHA_PARTICLE_PROTON_MASS_RATIO = 4.0010000000000002;
// Molar Planck constant (J·s/mol)
export const MOLAR_PLANCK_CONSTANT = 3.9903127110e-10;
// Molar gas constant (J/(mol·K))
export const MOLAR_GAS_CONSTANT = 8.314462618;
// Faraday constant (C/mol)
export const FARADAY_CONSTANT = 96485.33212;
// Stefan-Boltzmann constant (W/(m^2·K^4))
export const STEFAN_BOLTZMANN_CONSTANT_M2 = 5.670374419e-8;
// Wien displacement law constant (m·K)
export const WIEN_DISPLACEMENT_LAW_CONSTANT = 2.897771955e-3;
// Speed of sound in water at 25°C (m/s)
export const SPEED_OF_SOUND_WATER = 1498;
// Density of water at 4°C (kg/m^3)
export const DENSITY_OF_WATER = 1000;
// Viscosity of water at 20°C (Pa·s)
export const VISCOSITY_OF_WATER = 1.002e-3;
// Thermal conductivity of water at 20°C (W/(m·K))
export const THERMAL_CONDUCTIVITY_OF_WATER = 0.607;
// Specific heat capacity of water at 25°C (J/(kg·K))
export const SPECIFIC_HEAT_CAPACITY_OF_WATER = 4181.3;
// Latent heat of fusion of water (J/kg)
export const LATENT_HEAT_OF_FUSION_WATER = 334000;
// Latent heat of vaporization of water (J/kg)
export const LATENT_HEAT_OF_VAPORIZATION_WATER = 2.26e6;
// Surface tension of water at 20°C (N/m)
export const SURFACE_TENSION_WATER = 0.0728;
// Refractive index of water at 20°C (for yellow light)
export const REFRACTIVE_INDEX_WATER = 1.333;
// Dielectric constant of water at 25°C
export const DIELECTRIC_CONSTANT_WATER = 78.54;
// Density of ice at 0°C (kg/m^3)
export const DENSITY_OF_ICE = 916.8;
// Density of air at 20°C, 1 atm (kg/m^3)
export const DENSITY_OF_AIR = 1.204;
// Speed of sound in air at 20°C (m/s)
export const SPEED_OF_SOUND_AIR = 343;
// Viscosity of air at 20°C (Pa·s)
export const VISCOSITY_OF_AIR = 1.825e-5;
// Thermal conductivity of air at 20°C (W/(m·K))
export const THERMAL_CONDUCTIVITY_OF_AIR = 0.0257;
// Specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure at 20°C (J/(kg·K))
export const SPECIFIC_HEAT_CAPACITY_AIR_CP = 1005;
// Specific heat capacity of air at constant volume at 20°C (J/(kg·K))
export const SPECIFIC_HEAT_CAPACITY_AIR_CV = 718;
// Ratio of specific heats for air (gamma) at 20°C
export const AIR_GAMMA_20C = 1.4;
// Molar mass of water (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_WATER = 0.01801528;
// Molar mass of carbon dioxide (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_CARBON_DIOXIDE = 0.04401;
// Molar mass of nitrogen (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_NITROGEN = 0.028014;
// Molar mass of oxygen (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_OXYGEN = 0.031998;
// Molar mass of hydrogen (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_HYDROGEN = 0.002016;
// Molar mass of helium (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_HELIUM = 0.0040026;
// Molar mass of methane (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_METHANE = 0.01604;
// Molar mass of ammonia (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_AMMONIA = 0.017031;
// Molar mass of sulfur dioxide (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_SULFUR_DIOXIDE = 0.064066;
// Molar mass of hydrogen sulfide (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_HYDROGEN_SULFIDE = 0.03408;
// Molar mass of ozone (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_OZONE = 0.047998;
// Molar mass of argon (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_ARGON = 0.039948;
// Molar mass of neon (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_NEON = 0.02018;
// Molar mass of krypton (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_KRYPTON = 0.083798;
// Molar mass of xenon (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_XENON = 0.131293;
// Molar mass of radon (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_RADON = 0.222;
// Molar mass of fluorine (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_FLUORINE = 0.0379968;
// Molar mass of chlorine (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_CHLORINE = 0.070906;
// Molar mass of bromine (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_BROMINE = 0.159808;
// Molar mass of iodine (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_IODINE = 0.253809;
// Molar mass of carbon monoxide (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_CARBON_MONOXIDE = 0.02801;
// Molar mass of nitrous oxide (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_NITROUS_OXIDE = 0.044013;
// Molar mass of nitric oxide (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_NITRIC_OXIDE = 0.030006;
// Molar mass of nitrogen dioxide (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_NITROGEN_DIOXIDE = 0.0460055;
// Molar mass of dinitrogen tetroxide (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_DINITROGEN_TETROXIDE = 0.092011;
// Molar mass of sulfur hexafluoride (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_SULFUR_HEXAFLUORIDE = 0.14605;
// Molar mass of hydrogen chloride (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_HYDROGEN_CHLORIDE = 0.03646;
// Molar mass of hydrogen fluoride (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_HYDROGEN_FLUORIDE = 0.020006;
// Molar mass of hydrogen bromide (kg/mol)
export const MOLAR_MASS_HYDROGEN_BROMIDE = 0.08091;
// Molar mass of water (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_WATER_G_MOL = 18.01528;
// Molar mass of carbon dioxide (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_CARBON_DIOXIDE_G_MOL = 44.01;
// Molar mass of nitrogen (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_NITROGEN_G_MOL = 28.014;
// Molar mass of oxygen (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_OXYGEN_G_MOL = 31.998;
// Molar mass of hydrogen (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_HYDROGEN_G_MOL = 2.016;
// Molar mass of helium (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_HELIUM_G_MOL = 4.0026;
// Molar mass of methane (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_METHANE_G_MOL = 16.04;
// Molar mass of ammonia (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_AMMONIA_G_MOL = 17.031;
// Molar mass of sulfur dioxide (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_SULFUR_DIOXIDE_G_MOL = 64.066;
// Molar mass of hydrogen sulfide (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_HYDROGEN_SULFIDE_G_MOL = 34.08;
// Molar mass of ozone (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_OZONE_G_MOL = 47.998;
// Molar mass of argon (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_ARGON_G_MOL = 39.948;
// Molar mass of neon (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_NEON_G_MOL = 20.18;
// Molar mass of krypton (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_KRYPTON_G_MOL = 83.798;
// Molar mass of xenon (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_XENON_G_MOL = 131.293;
// Molar mass of radon (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_RADON_G_MOL = 222;
// Molar mass of fluorine (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_FLUORINE_G_MOL = 37.9968;
// Molar mass of chlorine (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_CHLORINE_G_MOL = 70.906;
// Molar mass of bromine (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_BROMINE_G_MOL = 159.808;
// Molar mass of iodine (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_IODINE_G_MOL = 253.809;
// Molar mass of carbon monoxide (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_CARBON_MONOXIDE_G_MOL = 28.01;
// Molar mass of nitrous oxide (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_NITROUS_OXIDE_G_MOL = 44.013;
// Molar mass of nitric oxide (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_NITRIC_OXIDE_G_MOL = 30.006;
// Molar mass of nitrogen dioxide (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_NITROGEN_DIOXIDE_G_MOL = 46.0055;
// Molar mass of dinitrogen tetroxide (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_DINITROGEN_TETROXIDE_G_MOL = 92.011;
// Molar mass of sulfur hexafluoride (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_SULFUR_HEXAFLUORIDE_G_MOL = 146.05;
// Molar mass of hydrogen chloride (g/mol) - for common usage
export const MOLAR_MASS_HYDROGEN_CHLORIDE_G_MOL = 36.46;