hardhat/src/internal/hardhat-network/stack-traces/panic-errors.ts

Hardhat is an extensible developer tool that helps smart contract developers increase productivity by reliably bringing together the tools they want.

export function panicErrorCodeToMessage(errorCode: bigint): string {
  const reason = panicErrorCodeToReason(errorCode);

  if (reason !== undefined) {
    return `reverted with panic code 0x${errorCode.toString(16)} (${reason})`;
  }

  return `reverted with unknown panic code 0x${errorCode.toString(16)}`;
}

function panicErrorCodeToReason(errorCode: bigint): string | undefined {
  switch (errorCode) {
    case 0x1n:
      return "Assertion error";
    case 0x11n:
      return "Arithmetic operation overflowed outside of an unchecked block";
    case 0x12n:
      return "Division or modulo division by zero";
    case 0x21n:
      return "Tried to convert a value into an enum, but the value was too big or negative";
    case 0x22n:
      return "Incorrectly encoded storage byte array";
    case 0x31n:
      return ".pop() was called on an empty array";
    case 0x32n:
      return "Array accessed at an out-of-bounds or negative index";
    case 0x41n:
      return "Too much memory was allocated, or an array was created that is too large";
    case 0x51n:
      return "Called a zero-initialized variable of internal function type";
  }
}