fishery
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A library for setting up JavaScript factories to help build objects as test data, with full TypeScript support
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# Fishery
[](https://circleci.com/gh/thoughtbot/fishery)
Fishery is a library for setting up JavaScript objects for use in tests and
anywhere else you need to set up data. It is loosely modeled after the Ruby
gem, [factory_bot][factory_bot].
Fishery is built with TypeScript in mind. Factories accept typed parameters and
return typed objects, so you can be confident that the data used in your tests
is valid. If you aren't using TypeScript, that's fine too – Fishery still works,
just without the extra typechecking that comes with TypeScript.
## Installation
Install fishery with:
```
npm install --save-dev fishery
```
or
```
yarn add --dev fishery
```
## Usage
A factory is just a function that returns your object. Fishery provides
several arguments to your factory function to help with common situations.
After defining your factory, you can then call `build()` on it to build your
objects. Here's how it's done:
### Define and use factories
```typescript
// factories/user.ts
import { Factory } from 'fishery';
import { User } from '../my-types';
import postFactory from './post';
const userFactory = Factory.define<User>(({ sequence }) => ({
id: sequence,
name: 'Rosa',
address: { city: 'Austin', state: 'TX', country: 'USA' },
posts: postFactory.buildList(2),
}));
const user = userFactory.build({
name: 'Susan',
address: { city: 'El Paso' },
});
user.name; // Susan
user.address.city; // El Paso
user.address.state; // TX (from factory)
```
### Asynchronously create objects with your factories
In some cases, you might want to perform an asynchronous operation when building objects, such as saving an object to the database. This can be done by calling `create` instead of `build`. First, define an `onCreate` for your factory that specifies the behavior of `create`, then create objects with `create` in the same way you do with `build`:
```typescript
const userFactory = Factory.define<User>(({ onCreate }) => {
onCreate(user => User.create(user));
return {
...
};
});
const user = await userFactory.create({ name: 'Maria' });
user.name; // Maria
```
`create` returns a promise instead of the object itself but otherwise has the same API as `build`. The action that occurs when calling `create` is specified by defining an `onCreate` method on your factory as [described below](#on-create-hook).
`create` can also return a different type from `build`. This type can be specified when defining your factory:
```
Factory.define<ReturnTypeOfBuild, TransientParamsType, ReturnTypeOfCreate>
```
## Documentation
### Typechecking
Factories are fully typed, both when defining your factories and when using them
to build objects, so you can be confident the data you are working with is
correct.
```typescript
const user = userFactory.build();
user.foo; // type error! Property 'foo' does not exist on type 'User'
```
```typescript
const user = userFactory.build({ foo: 'bar' }); // type error! Argument of type '{ foo: string; }' is not assignable to parameter of type 'Partial<User>'.
```
```typescript
const userFactory = Factory.define<User, UserTransientParams>(
({
sequence,
params,
transientParams,
associations,
afterBuild,
onCreate,
}) => {
params.firstName; // Property 'firstName' does not exist on type 'DeepPartial<User>
transientParams.foo; // Property 'foo' does not exist on type 'Partial<UserTransientParams>'
associations.bar; // Property 'bar' does not exist on type 'Partial<User>'
afterBuild(user => {
user.foo; // Property 'foo' does not exist on type 'User'
});
return {
id: `user-${sequence}`,
name: 'Bob',
post: null,
};
},
);
```
### `build` API
`build` supports a second argument with the following keys:
- `transient`: data for use in your factory that doesn't get overlaid onto your
result object. More on this in the [Transient
Params](#params-that-dont-map-to-the-result-object-transient-params) section
- `associations`: often not required but can be useful in order to short-circuit creating associations. More on this in the [Associations](#Associations)
section
### Use `params` to access passed in properties
The parameters passed in to `build` are automatically overlaid on top of the
default properties defined by your factory, so it is often not necessary to
explicitly access the params in your factory. This can, however, be useful,
for example, if your factory uses the params to compute other properties:
```typescript
const userFactory = Factory.define<User>(({ params }) => {
const { name = 'Bob Smith' } = params;
const email = params.email || `${kebabCase(name)}@example.com`;
return {
name,
email,
posts: [],
};
});
```
#### Typechecking params that are classes
By default Fishery uses a Typescript DeepPartial to make params and their properties optional. But this doesn't make sense when a param is a class instance. To override the DeepPartial params typechecking behavior, you can add a generic parameter to explain what the expected type of of the params is.
```typescript
type EventParams = DeepPartial<Event> & {
createdAt?: DateTime; // Overrides Event['createdAt'] that was DeepPartialObject<DateTime>
};
const eventFactory = Factory.define<Event, {}, Event, EventParams>(
({ params }) => {
const createdAt = DateTime.fromISO(new Date().toISOString());
const updatedAt = params.createdAt ?? createdAt;
return {
id: '1',
name: '1:1 Pairing Session',
createdAt,
updatedAt,
};
},
);
const event = eventFactory.build({ createdAt: new DateTime() });
```
### Params that don't map to the result object (transient params)
Factories can accept parameters that are not part of the resulting object. We
call these transient params. When building an object, pass any transient
params in the second argument:
```typescript
const user = factories.user.build({}, { transient: { registered: true } });
```
Transient params are passed in to your factory and can then be used
however you like:
```typescript
type User = {
name: string;
posts: Post[];
memberId: string | null;
permissions: { canPost: boolean };
};
type UserTransientParams = {
registered: boolean;
numPosts: number;
};
const userFactory = Factory.define<User, UserTransientParams>(
({ transientParams, sequence }) => {
const { registered, numPosts = 1 } = transientParams;
const user = {
name: 'Susan Velasquez',
posts: postFactory.buildList(numPosts),
memberId: registered ? `member-${sequence}` : null,
permissions: {
canPost: registered,
},
};
return user;
},
);
```
In the example above, we also created a type called `UserTransientParams` and
passed it as the second generic type to `define`. This gives you type
checking of transient params, both in the factory and when calling `build`.
When constructing objects, any regular params you pass to `build` take
precedence over the transient params:
```typescript
const user = userFactory.build(
{ memberId: '1' },
{ transient: { registered: true } },
);
user.memberId; // '1'
user.permissions.canPost; // true
```
Passing transient params to `build` can be a bit verbose. It is often a good
idea to consider creating a [reusable builder method](#adding-reusable-builders-traits-to-factories) instead of or in
addition to your transient params to make building objects simpler.
### After-build hook
You can instruct factories to execute some code after an object is built.
This can be useful if a reference to the object is needed, like when setting
up relationships:
```typescript
const userFactory = Factory.define<User>(({ sequence, afterBuild }) => {
afterBuild(user => {
const post = factories.post.build({}, { associations: { author: user } });
user.posts.push(post);
});
return {
id: sequence,
name: 'Bob',
posts: [],
};
});
```
### After-create hook
Similar to `onCreate`, `afterCreate`s can also be defined. These are executed after the `onCreate`, and multiple can be defined for a given factory.
```typescript
const userFactory = Factory.define<User, {}, SavedUser>(
({ sequence, onCreate, afterCreate }) => {
onCreate(user => apiService.create(user));
afterCreate(savedUser => doMoreStuff(savedUser));
return {
id: sequence,
name: 'Bob',
posts: [],
};
},
);
// can define additional afterCreates
const savedUser = userFactory
.afterCreate(async savedUser => savedUser)
.create();
```
### Extending factories
Factories can be extended using the extension methods: `params`, `transient`,
`associations`, `afterBuild`, `afterCreate` and `onCreate`. These set default
attributes that get passed to the factory on `build`. They return a new factory
and do not modify the factory they are called on :
```typescript
const userFactory = Factory.define<User>(() => ({
admin: false,
}));
const adminFactory = userFactory.params({ admin: true });
adminFactory.build().admin; // true
userFactory.build().admin; // false
```
`params`, `associations`, and `transient` behave in the same way as the arguments to `build`. The following are equivalent:
```typescript
const user = userFactory
.params({ admin: true })
.associations({ post: postFactory.build() })
.transient({ name: 'Jared' })
.build();
const user2 = userFactory.build(
{ admin: true },
{
associations: { post: postFactory.build() },
transient: { name: 'Jared' },
},
);
```
Additionally, the following extension methods are available:
- `afterBuild` - executed after an object is built. Multiple can be defined
- `onCreate` - defines or replaces the behavior of `create()`. Must be defined prior to calling `create()`. Only one can be defined.
- `afterCreate` - called after `onCreate()` before the object is returned from `create()`. Multiple can be defined
These extension methods can be called multiple times to continue extending
factories:
```typescript
const sallyFactory = userFactory
.params({ admin: true })
.params({ name: 'Sally' })
.afterBuild(user => console.log('hello'))
.afterBuild(user => console.log('there'));
const user = sallyFactory.build();
// log: hello
// log: there
user.name; // Sally
user.admin; // true
const user2 = sallyFactory.build({ admin: false });
// log: hello
// log: there
user.name; // Sally
user2.admin; // false
```
### Adding reusable builders (traits) to factories
If you find yourself frequently building objects with a certain set of
properties, it might be time to either extend the factory or create a
reusable builder method.
Factories are just classes, so adding reusable builder methods can be achieved by subclassing `Factory` and defining any desired methods:
```typescript
class UserFactory extends Factory<User, UserTransientParams> {
admin(adminId?: string) {
return this.params({
admin: true,
adminId: adminId || `admin-${this.sequence()}`,
});
}
registered() {
return this
.params({ memberId: this.sequence() })
.transient({ registered: true })
.associations({ profile: profileFactory.build() })
.afterBuild(user => console.log(user))
}
}
// instead of Factory.define<User>
const userFactory = UserFactory.define(() => ({ ... }))
const user = userFactory.admin().registered().build()
```
To learn more about the factory builder methods `params`, `transient`,
`associations`, `afterBuild`, `onCreate`, and `afterCreate`, see [Extending factories](#extending-factories), above.
## Advanced
### Associations
Factories can import and reference other factories for associations:
```typescript
import userFactory from './user';
const postFactory = Factory.define<Post>(() => ({
title: 'My Blog Post',
author: userFactory.build(),
}));
```
If you'd like to be able to pass in an association when building your object and
short-circuit the call to `yourFactory.build()`, use the `associations`
variable provided to your factory:
```typescript
const postFactory = Factory.define<Post>(({ associations }) => ({
title: 'My Blog Post',
author: associations.author || userFactory.build(),
}));
```
Then build your object like this:
```typescript
const jordan = userFactory.build({ name: 'Jordan' });
factories.post.build({}, { associations: { author: jordan } });
```
If two factories reference each other, they can usually import each other
without issues, but TypeScript might require you to explicitly type your
factory before exporting so it can determine the type before the circular
references resolve:
```typescript
// the extra Factory<Post> typing can be necessary with circular imports
const postFactory: Factory<Post> = Factory.define<Post>(() => ({ ...}));
export default postFactory;
```
### Rewind Sequence
A factory's sequence can be rewound with `rewindSequence()`.
This sets the sequence back to its original starting value.
## Contributing
See the [CONTRIBUTING] document.
Thank you, [contributors]!
[contributing]: CONTRIBUTING.md
[contributors]: https://github.com/thoughtbot/fishery/graphs/contributors
## Credits
This project name was inspired by Patrick Rothfuss' _Kingkiller Chronicles_
books. In the books, the artificery, or workshop, is called the Fishery for
short. The Fishery is where things are built.
## License
Fishery is Copyright © 2021 Stephen Hanson and thoughtbot. It is free
software, and may be redistributed under the terms specified in the
[LICENSE](/LICENSE) file.
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See [our other projects][community].
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[community]: https://thoughtbot.com/community?utm_source=github
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