esy-bash
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Cross-platform bash utilities - primed for Reason/OCaml
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<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>
git-format-patch(1) Manual Page
</h1>
<h2>NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-format-patch -
Prepare patches for e-mail submission
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content"><em>git format-patch</em> [-k] [(-o|--output-directory) <dir> | --stdout]
[--no-thread | --thread[=<style>]]
[(--attach|--inline)[=<boundary>] | --no-attach]
[-s | --signoff]
[--signature=<signature> | --no-signature]
[--signature-file=<file>]
[-n | --numbered | -N | --no-numbered]
[--start-number <n>] [--numbered-files]
[--in-reply-to=Message-Id] [--suffix=.<sfx>]
[--ignore-if-in-upstream]
[--rfc] [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix]
[(--reroll-count|-v) <n>]
[--to=<email>] [--cc=<email>]
[--[no-]cover-letter] [--quiet] [--notes[=<ref>]]
[--progress]
[<common diff options>]
[ <since> | <revision range> ]</pre>
<div class="attribution">
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Prepare each commit with its patch in
one file per commit, formatted to resemble UNIX mailbox format.
The output of this command is convenient for e-mail submission or
for use with <em>git am</em>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are two ways to specify which commits to operate on.</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
A single commit, <since>, specifies that the commits leading
to the tip of the current branch that are not in the history
that leads to the <since> to be output.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Generic <revision range> expression (see "SPECIFYING
REVISIONS" section in <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>) means the
commits in the specified range.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The first rule takes precedence in the case of a single <commit>. To
apply the second rule, i.e., format everything since the beginning of
history up until <commit>, use the <em>--root</em> option: <code>git format-patch
--root <commit></code>. If you want to format only <commit> itself, you
can do this with <code>git format-patch -1 <commit></code>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, each output file is numbered sequentially from 1, and uses the
first line of the commit message (massaged for pathname safety) as
the filename. With the <code>--numbered-files</code> option, the output file names
will only be numbers, without the first line of the commit appended.
The names of the output files are printed to standard
output, unless the <code>--stdout</code> option is specified.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>-o</code> is specified, output files are created in <dir>. Otherwise
they are created in the current working directory. The default path
can be set with the <code>format.outputDirectory</code> configuration option.
The <code>-o</code> option takes precedence over <code>format.outputDirectory</code>.
To store patches in the current working directory even when
<code>format.outputDirectory</code> points elsewhere, use <code>-o .</code>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] " followed by
the concatenation of lines from the commit message up to the first blank
line (see the DISCUSSION section of <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a>).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When multiple patches are output, the subject prefix will instead be
"[PATCH n/m] ". To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use <code>-n</code>.
To omit patch numbers from the subject, use <code>-N</code>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If given <code>--thread</code>, <code>git-format-patch</code> will generate <code>In-Reply-To</code> and
<code>References</code> headers to make the second and subsequent patch mails appear
as replies to the first mail; this also generates a <code>Message-Id</code> header to
reference.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-p
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-stat
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate plain patches without any diffstats.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-U<n>
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--unified=<n>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of
the usual three.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--indent-heuristic
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Enable the heuristic that shift diff hunk boundaries to make patches
easier to read. This is the default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-indent-heuristic
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Disable the indent heuristic.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--minimal
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible
diff is produced.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--patience
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--histogram
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--anchored=<text>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate a diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may be specified more than once.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once,
and starts with this text, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from
appearing as a deletion or addition in the output. It uses the "patience
diff" algorithm internally.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:
</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>default</code>, <code>myers</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>minimal</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
produced.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>patience</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>histogram</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
low-occurrence common elements".
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For instance, if you configured diff.algorithm variable to a
non-default value and want to use the default one, then you
have to use <code>--diff-algorithm=default</code> option.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary
will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph
part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns
if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by
<code><width></code>. The width of the filename part can be limited by
giving another width <code><name-width></code> after a comma. The width
of the graph part can be limited by using
<code>--stat-graph-width=<width></code> (affects all commands generating
a stat graph) or by setting <code>diff.statGraphWidth=<width></code>
(does not affect <code>git format-patch</code>).
By giving a third parameter <code><count></code>, you can limit the
output to the first <code><count></code> lines, followed by <code>...</code> if
there are more.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>These parameters can also be set individually with <code>--stat-width=<width></code>,
<code>--stat-name-width=<name-width></code> and <code>--stat-count=<count></code>.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--compact-summary
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Output a condensed summary of extended header information such
as file creations or deletions ("new" or "gone", optionally "+l"
if it’s a symlink) and mode changes ("+x" or "-x" for adding
or removing executable bit respectively) in diffstat. The
information is put betwen the filename part and the graph
part. Implies <code>--stat</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--numstat
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Similar to <code>--stat</code>, but shows number of added and
deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without
abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For
binary files, outputs two <code>-</code> instead of saying
<code>0 0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--shortstat
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Output only the last line of the <code>--stat</code> format containing total
number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted
lines.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--dirstat[=<param1,param2,…>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each
sub-directory. The behavior of <code>--dirstat</code> can be customized by
passing it a comma separated list of parameters.
The defaults are controlled by the <code>diff.dirstat</code> configuration
variable (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).
The following parameters are available:
</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>changes</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the lines that have been
removed from the source, or added to the destination. This ignores
the amount of pure code movements within a file. In other words,
rearranging lines in a file is not counted as much as other changes.
This is the default behavior when no parameter is given.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>lines</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff
analysis, and summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary
files, count 64-byte chunks instead, since binary files have no
natural concept of lines). This is a more expensive <code>--dirstat</code>
behavior than the <code>changes</code> behavior, but it does count rearranged
lines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output
is consistent with what you get from the other <code>--*stat</code> options.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>files</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the number of files changed.
Each changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is
the computationally cheapest <code>--dirstat</code> behavior, since it does
not have to look at the file contents at all.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>cumulative</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well.
Note that when using <code>cumulative</code>, the sum of the percentages
reported may exceed 100%. The default (non-cumulative) behavior can
be specified with the <code>noncumulative</code> parameter.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<limit>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default).
Directories contributing less than this percentage of the changes
are not shown in the output.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring
directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files,
and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories:
<code>--dirstat=files,10,cumulative</code>.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--summary
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Output a condensed summary of extended header information
such as creations, renames and mode changes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-renames
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration
file gives the default to do so.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--full-index
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full
pre- and post-image blob object names on the "index"
line when generating patch format output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--binary
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
In addition to <code>--full-index</code>, output a binary diff that
can be applied with <code>git-apply</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--abbrev[=<n>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
lines, show only a partial prefix. This is
independent of the <code>--full-index</code> option above, which controls
the diff-patch output format. Non default number of
digits can be specified with <code>--abbrev=<n></code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-B[<n>][/<m>]
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--break-rewrites[=[<n>][/<m>]]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and
create. This serves two purposes:
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>It affects the way a change that amounts to a total rewrite of a file
not as a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with a very
few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a
single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of
everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B
option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the
original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total
rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of
deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the
source of a rename (usually -M only considers a file that disappeared
as the source of a rename), and the number <code>n</code> controls this aspect of
the -B option (defaults to 50%). <code>-B20%</code> specifies that a change with
addition and deletion compared to 20% or more of the file’s size are
eligible for being picked up as a possible source of a rename to
another file.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-M[<n>]
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--find-renames[=<n>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Detect renames.
If <code>n</code> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity
index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the
file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means Git should consider a
delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file
hasn’t changed. Without a <code>%</code> sign, the number is to be read as
a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes
0.5, and is thus the same as <code>-M50%</code>. Similarly, <code>-M05</code> is
the same as <code>-M5%</code>. To limit detection to exact renames, use
<code>-M100%</code>. The default similarity index is 50%.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-C[<n>]
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--find-copies[=<n>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Detect copies as well as renames. See also <code>--find-copies-harder</code>.
If <code>n</code> is specified, it has the same meaning as for <code>-M<n></code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--find-copies-harder
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
For performance reasons, by default, <code>-C</code> option finds copies only
if the original file of the copy was modified in the same
changeset. This flag makes the command
inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of
copy. This is a very expensive operation for large
projects, so use it with caution. Giving more than one
<code>-C</code> option has the same effect.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-D
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--irreversible-delete
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not
the diff between the preimage and <code>/dev/null</code>. The resulting patch
is not meant to be applied with <code>patch</code> or <code>git apply</code>; this is
solely for people who want to just concentrate on reviewing the
text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lacks
enough information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually,
hence the name of the option.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When used together with <code>-B</code>, omit also the preimage in the deletion part
of a delete/create pair.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-l<num>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The <code>-M</code> and <code>-C</code> options require O(n^2) processing time where n
is the number of potential rename/copy targets. This
option prevents rename/copy detection from running if
the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified
number.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-O<orderfile>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Control the order in which files appear in the output.
This overrides the <code>diff.orderFile</code> configuration variable
(see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). To cancel <code>diff.orderFile</code>,
use <code>-O/dev/null</code>.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The output order is determined by the order of glob patterns in
<orderfile>.
All files with pathnames that match the first pattern are output
first, all files with pathnames that match the second pattern (but not
the first) are output next, and so on.
All files with pathnames that do not match any pattern are output
last, as if there was an implicit match-all pattern at the end of the
file.
If multiple pathnames have the same rank (they match the same pattern
but no earlier patterns), their output order relative to each other is
the normal order.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><orderfile> is parsed as follows:</p></div>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
Blank lines are ignored, so they can be used as separators for
readability.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Lines starting with a hash ("<code>#</code>") are ignored, so they can be used
for comments. Add a backslash ("<code>\</code>") to the beginning of the
pattern if it starts with a hash.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Each other line contains a single pattern.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Patterns have the same syntax and semantics as patterns used for
fnmantch(3) without the FNM_PATHNAME flag, except a pathname also
matches a pattern if removing any number of the final pathname
components matches the pattern. For example, the pattern "<code>foo*bar</code>"
matches "<code>fooasdfbar</code>" and "<code>foo/bar/baz/asdf</code>" but not "<code>foobarx</code>".</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-a
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--text
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Treat all files as text.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ignore-cr-at-eol
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Ignore carrige-return at the end of line when doing a comparison.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ignore-space-at-eol
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-b
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ignore-space-change
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace
at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or
more whitespace characters to be equivalent.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-w
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ignore-all-space
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores
differences even if one line has whitespace where the other
line has none.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ignore-blank-lines
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Ignore changes whose lines are all blank.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--inter-hunk-context=<lines>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number
of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other.
Defaults to <code>diff.interHunkContext</code> or 0 if the config option
is unset.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-W
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--function-context
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show whole surrounding functions of changes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ext-diff
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Allow an external diff helper to be executed. If you set an
external diff driver with <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>, you need
to use this option with <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> and friends.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-ext-diff
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Disallow external diff drivers.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--textconv
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-textconv
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Allow (or disallow) external text conversion filters to be run
when comparing binary files. See <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> for
details. Because textconv filters are typically a one-way
conversion, the resulting diff is suitable for human
consumption, but cannot be applied. For this reason, textconv
filters are enabled by default only for <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> and
<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>, but not for <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> or
diff plumbing commands.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ignore-submodules[=<when>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be
either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default.
Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains
untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded
in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the
<em>ignore</em> option in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> or <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>. When
"untracked" is used submodules are not considered dirty when they only
contain untracked content (but they are still scanned for modified
content). Using "dirty" ignores all changes to the work tree of submodules,
only changes to the commits stored in the superproject are shown (this was
the behavior until 1.7.0). Using "all" hides all changes to submodules.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--src-prefix=<prefix>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show the given source prefix instead of "a/".
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--dst-prefix=<prefix>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show the given destination prefix instead of "b/".
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-prefix
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Do not show any source or destination prefix.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--line-prefix=<prefix>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Prepend an additional prefix to every line of output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ita-invisible-in-index
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
By default entries added by "git add -N" appear as an existing
empty file in "git diff" and a new file in "git diff --cached".
This option makes the entry appear as a new file in "git diff"
and non-existent in "git diff --cached". This option could be
reverted with <code>--ita-visible-in-index</code>. Both options are
experimental and could be removed in future.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also
<a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a>.</p></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-<n>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Prepare patches from the topmost <n> commits.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-o <dir>
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--output-directory <dir>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use <dir> to store the resulting files, instead of the
current working directory.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-n
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--numbered
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Name output in <em>[PATCH n/m]</em> format, even with a single patch.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-N
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-numbered
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Name output in <em>[PATCH]</em> format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--start-number <n>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Start numbering the patches at <n> instead of 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--numbered-files
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Output file names will be a simple number sequence
without the default first line of the commit appended.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-k
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--keep-subject
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Do not strip/add <em>[PATCH]</em> from the first line of the
commit log message.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-s
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--signoff
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Add <code>Signed-off-by:</code> line to the commit message, using
the committer identity of yourself.
See the signoff option in <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a> for more information.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--stdout
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Print all commits to the standard output in mbox format,
instead of creating a file for each one.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--attach[=<boundary>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of
which is the commit message and the patch itself in the
second part, with <code>Content-Disposition: attachment</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-attach
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Disable the creation of an attachment, overriding the
configuration setting.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--inline[=<boundary>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of
which is the commit message and the patch itself in the
second part, with <code>Content-Disposition: inline</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--thread[=<style>]
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-thread
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Controls addition of <code>In-Reply-To</code> and <code>References</code> headers to
make the second and subsequent mails appear as replies to the
first. Also controls generation of the <code>Message-Id</code> header to
reference.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The optional <style> argument can be either <code>shallow</code> or <code>deep</code>.
<em>shallow</em> threading makes every mail a reply to the head of the
series, where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the
<code>--in-reply-to</code>, and the first patch mail, in this order. <em>deep</em>
threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The default is <code>--no-thread</code>, unless the <code>format.thread</code> configuration
is set. If <code>--thread</code> is specified without a style, it defaults to the
style specified by <code>format.thread</code> if any, or else <code>shallow</code>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Beware that the default for <em>git send-email</em> is to thread emails
itself. If you want <code>git format-patch</code> to take care of threading, you
will want to ensure that threading is disabled for <code>git send-email</code>.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--in-reply-to=Message-Id
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Make the first mail (or all the mails with <code>--no-thread</code>) appear as a
reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
provide a new patch series.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ignore-if-in-upstream
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Do not include a patch that matches a commit in
<until>..<since>. This will examine all patches reachable
from <since> but not from <until> and compare them with the
patches being generated, and any patch that matches is
ignored.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--subject-prefix=<Subject-Prefix>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Instead of the standard <em>[PATCH]</em> prefix in the subject
line, instead use <em>[<Subject-Prefix>]</em>. This
allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be
combined with the <code>--numbered</code> option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--rfc
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Alias for <code>--subject-prefix="RFC PATCH"</code>. RFC means "Request For
Comments"; use this when sending an experimental patch for
discussion rather than application.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-v <n>
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--reroll-count=<n>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Mark the series as the <n>-th iteration of the topic. The
output filenames have <code>v<n></code> prepended to them, and the
subject prefix ("PATCH" by default, but configurable via the
<code>--subject-prefix</code> option) has ` v<n>` appended to it. E.g.
<code>--reroll-count=4</code> may produce <code>v4-0001-add-makefile.patch</code>
file that has "Subject: [PATCH v4 1/20] Add makefile" in it.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--to=<email>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Add a <code>To:</code> header to the email headers. This is in addition
to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
The negated form <code>--no-to</code> discards all <code>To:</code> headers added so
far (from config or command line).
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--cc=<email>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Add a <code>Cc:</code> header to the email headers. This is in addition
to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
The negated form <code>--no-cc</code> discards all <code>Cc:</code> headers added so
far (from config or command line).
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--from
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--from=<ident>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use <code>ident</code> in the <code>From:</code> header of each commit email. If the
author ident of the commit is not textually identical to the
provided <code>ident</code>, place a <code>From:</code> header in the body of the
message with the original author. If no <code>ident</code> is given, use
the committer ident.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this option is only useful if you are actually sending the
emails and want to identify yourself as the sender, but retain the
original author (and <code>git am</code> will correctly pick up the in-body
header). Note also that <code>git send-email</code> already handles this
transformation for you, and this option should not be used if you are
feeding the result to <code>git send-email</code>.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--add-header=<header>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Add an arbitrary header to the email headers. This is in addition
to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
For example, <code>--add-header="Organization: git-foo"</code>.
The negated form <code>--no-add-header</code> discards <strong>all</strong> (<code>To:</code>,
<code>Cc:</code>, and custom) headers added so far from config or command
line.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--[no-]cover-letter
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
In addition to the patches, generate a cover letter file
containing the branch description, shortlog and the overall diffstat. You can
fill in a description in the file before sending it out.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--notes[=<ref>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Append the notes (see <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>) for the commit
after the three-dash line.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The expected use case of this is to write supporting explanation for
the commit that does not belong to the commit log message proper,
and include it with the patch submission. While one can s