esy-bash
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Cross-platform bash utilities - primed for Reason/OCaml
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<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>
git-diff(1) Manual Page
</h1>
<h2>NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-diff -
Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content"><em>git diff</em> [options] [<commit>] [--] [<path>…]
<em>git diff</em> [options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>…]
<em>git diff</em> [options] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>…]
<em>git diff</em> [options] <blob> <blob>
<em>git diff</em> [options] [--no-index] [--] <path> <path></pre>
<div class="attribution">
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Show changes between the working tree and the index or a tree, changes
between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, changes between
two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk.</p></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [--options] [--] [<path>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This form is to view the changes you made relative to
the index (staging area for the next commit). In other
words, the differences are what you <em>could</em> tell Git to
further add to the index but you still haven’t. You can
stage these changes by using <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> --no-index [--options] [--] [<path>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This form is to compare the given two paths on the
filesystem. You can omit the <code>--no-index</code> option when
running the command in a working tree controlled by Git and
at least one of the paths points outside the working tree,
or when running the command outside a working tree
controlled by Git.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [--options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This form is to view the changes you staged for the next
commit relative to the named <commit>. Typically you
would want comparison with the latest commit, so if you
do not give <commit>, it defaults to HEAD.
If HEAD does not exist (e.g. unborn branches) and
<commit> is not given, it shows all staged changes.
--staged is a synonym of --cached.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [--options] <commit> [--] [<path>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This form is to view the changes you have in your
working tree relative to the named <commit>. You can
use HEAD to compare it with the latest commit, or a
branch name to compare with the tip of a different
branch.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [--options] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This is to view the changes between two arbitrary
<commit>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [--options] <commit>..<commit> [--] [<path>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This is synonymous to the previous form. If <commit> on
one side is omitted, it will have the same effect as
using HEAD instead.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [--options] <commit>...<commit> [--] [<path>…]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This form is to view the changes on the branch containing
and up to the second <commit>, starting at a common ancestor
of both <commit>. "git diff A...B" is equivalent to
"git diff $(git-merge-base A B) B". You can omit any one
of <commit>, which has the same effect as using HEAD instead.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Just in case if you are doing something exotic, it should be
noted that all of the <commit> in the above description, except
in the last two forms that use ".." notations, can be any
<tree>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For a more complete list of ways to spell <commit>, see
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>.
However, "diff" is about comparing two <em>endpoints</em>, not ranges,
and the range notations ("<commit>..<commit>" and
"<commit>...<commit>") do not mean a range as defined in the
"SPECIFYING RANGES" section in <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>.</p></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<em>git diff</em> [options] <blob> <blob>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This form is to view the differences between the raw
contents of two blob objects.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-p
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-u
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--patch
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate patch (see section on generating patches).
This is the default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-s
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-patch
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Suppress diff output. Useful for commands like <code>git show</code> that
show the patch by default, or to cancel the effect of <code>--patch</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-U<n>
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--unified=<n>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of
the usual three.
Implies <code>-p</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--raw
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate the diff in raw format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--patch-with-raw
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Synonym for <code>-p --raw</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--indent-heuristic
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Enable the heuristic that shift diff hunk boundaries to make patches
easier to read. This is the default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-indent-heuristic
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Disable the indent heuristic.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--minimal
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible
diff is produced.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--patience
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--histogram
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--anchored=<text>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate a diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may be specified more than once.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once,
and starts with this text, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from
appearing as a deletion or addition in the output. It uses the "patience
diff" algorithm internally.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:
</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>default</code>, <code>myers</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>minimal</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
produced.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>patience</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>histogram</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
low-occurrence common elements".
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For instance, if you configured diff.algorithm variable to a
non-default value and want to use the default one, then you
have to use <code>--diff-algorithm=default</code> option.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary
will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph
part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns
if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by
<code><width></code>. The width of the filename part can be limited by
giving another width <code><name-width></code> after a comma. The width
of the graph part can be limited by using
<code>--stat-graph-width=<width></code> (affects all commands generating
a stat graph) or by setting <code>diff.statGraphWidth=<width></code>
(does not affect <code>git format-patch</code>).
By giving a third parameter <code><count></code>, you can limit the
output to the first <code><count></code> lines, followed by <code>...</code> if
there are more.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>These parameters can also be set individually with <code>--stat-width=<width></code>,
<code>--stat-name-width=<name-width></code> and <code>--stat-count=<count></code>.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--compact-summary
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Output a condensed summary of extended header information such
as file creations or deletions ("new" or "gone", optionally "+l"
if it’s a symlink) and mode changes ("+x" or "-x" for adding
or removing executable bit respectively) in diffstat. The
information is put betwen the filename part and the graph
part. Implies <code>--stat</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--numstat
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Similar to <code>--stat</code>, but shows number of added and
deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without
abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For
binary files, outputs two <code>-</code> instead of saying
<code>0 0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--shortstat
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Output only the last line of the <code>--stat</code> format containing total
number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted
lines.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--dirstat[=<param1,param2,…>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each
sub-directory. The behavior of <code>--dirstat</code> can be customized by
passing it a comma separated list of parameters.
The defaults are controlled by the <code>diff.dirstat</code> configuration
variable (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).
The following parameters are available:
</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>changes</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the lines that have been
removed from the source, or added to the destination. This ignores
the amount of pure code movements within a file. In other words,
rearranging lines in a file is not counted as much as other changes.
This is the default behavior when no parameter is given.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>lines</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff
analysis, and summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary
files, count 64-byte chunks instead, since binary files have no
natural concept of lines). This is a more expensive <code>--dirstat</code>
behavior than the <code>changes</code> behavior, but it does count rearranged
lines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output
is consistent with what you get from the other <code>--*stat</code> options.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>files</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the number of files changed.
Each changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is
the computationally cheapest <code>--dirstat</code> behavior, since it does
not have to look at the file contents at all.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<code>cumulative</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well.
Note that when using <code>cumulative</code>, the sum of the percentages
reported may exceed 100%. The default (non-cumulative) behavior can
be specified with the <code>noncumulative</code> parameter.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<limit>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default).
Directories contributing less than this percentage of the changes
are not shown in the output.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring
directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files,
and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories:
<code>--dirstat=files,10,cumulative</code>.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--summary
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Output a condensed summary of extended header information
such as creations, renames and mode changes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--patch-with-stat
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Synonym for <code>-p --stat</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-z
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
When <code>--raw</code>, <code>--numstat</code>, <code>--name-only</code> or <code>--name-status</code> has been
given, do not munge pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Without this option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as
explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> (see
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--name-only
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show only names of changed files.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--name-status
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show only names and status of changed files. See the description
of the <code>--diff-filter</code> option on what the status letters mean.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--submodule[=<format>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Specify how differences in submodules are shown. When specifying
<code>--submodule=short</code> the <em>short</em> format is used. This format just
shows the names of the commits at the beginning and end of the range.
When <code>--submodule</code> or <code>--submodule=log</code> is specified, the <em>log</em>
format is used. This format lists the commits in the range like
<a href="git-submodule.html">git-submodule(1)</a> <code>summary</code> does. When <code>--submodule=diff</code>
is specified, the <em>diff</em> format is used. This format shows an
inline diff of the changes in the submodule contents between the
commit range. Defaults to <code>diff.submodule</code> or the <em>short</em> format
if the config option is unset.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--color[=<when>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show colored diff.
<code>--color</code> (i.e. without <em>=<when></em>) is the same as <code>--color=always</code>.
<em><when></em> can be one of <code>always</code>, <code>never</code>, or <code>auto</code>.
It can be changed by the <code>color.ui</code> and <code>color.diff</code>
configuration settings.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-color
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Turn off colored diff.
This can be used to override configuration settings.
It is the same as <code>--color=never</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--color-moved[=<mode>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Moved lines of code are colored differently.
It can be changed by the <code>diff.colorMoved</code> configuration setting.
The <mode> defaults to <em>no</em> if the option is not given
and to <em>zebra</em> if the option with no mode is given.
The mode must be one of:
</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
no
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Moved lines are not highlighted.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
default
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Is a synonym for <code>zebra</code>. This may change to a more sensible mode
in the future.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
plain
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Any line that is added in one location and was removed
in another location will be colored with <em>color.diff.newMoved</em>.
Similarly <em>color.diff.oldMoved</em> will be used for removed lines
that are added somewhere else in the diff. This mode picks up any
moved line, but it is not very useful in a review to determine
if a block of code was moved without permutation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
zebra
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Blocks of moved text of at least 20 alphanumeric characters
are detected greedily. The detected blocks are
painted using either the <em>color.diff.{old,new}Moved</em> color or
<em>color.diff.{old,new}MovedAlternative</em>. The change between
the two colors indicates that a new block was detected.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
dimmed_zebra
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Similar to <em>zebra</em>, but additional dimming of uninteresting parts
of moved code is performed. The bordering lines of two adjacent
blocks are considered interesting, the rest is uninteresting.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--word-diff[=<mode>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show a word diff, using the <mode> to delimit changed words.
By default, words are delimited by whitespace; see
<code>--word-diff-regex</code> below. The <mode> defaults to <em>plain</em>, and
must be one of:
</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
color
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Highlight changed words using only colors. Implies <code>--color</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
plain
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show words as <code>[-removed-]</code> and <code>{+added+}</code>. Makes no
attempts to escape the delimiters if they appear in the input,
so the output may be ambiguous.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
porcelain
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use a special line-based format intended for script
consumption. Added/removed/unchanged runs are printed in the
usual unified diff format, starting with a <code>+</code>/<code>-</code>/` `
character at the beginning of the line and extending to the
end of the line. Newlines in the input are represented by a
tilde <code>~</code> on a line of its own.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
none
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Disable word diff again.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that despite the name of the first mode, color is used to
highlight the changed parts in all modes if enabled.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--word-diff-regex=<regex>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use <regex> to decide what a word is, instead of considering
runs of non-whitespace to be a word. Also implies
<code>--word-diff</code> unless it was already enabled.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Every non-overlapping match of the
<regex> is considered a word. Anything between these matches is
considered whitespace and ignored(!) for the purposes of finding
differences. You may want to append <code>|[^[:space:]]</code> to your regular
expression to make sure that it matches all non-whitespace characters.
A match that contains a newline is silently truncated(!) at the
newline.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, <code>--word-diff-regex=.</code> will treat each character as a word
and, correspondingly, show differences character by character.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The regex can also be set via a diff driver or configuration option, see
<a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> or <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. Giving it explicitly
overrides any diff driver or configuration setting. Diff drivers
override configuration settings.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--color-words[=<regex>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Equivalent to <code>--word-diff=color</code> plus (if a regex was
specified) <code>--word-diff-regex=<regex></code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-renames
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration
file gives the default to do so.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--check
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Warn if changes introduce conflict markers or whitespace errors.
What are considered whitespace errors is controlled by <code>core.whitespace</code>
configuration. By default, trailing whitespaces (including
lines that solely consist of whitespaces) and a space character
that is immediately followed by a tab character inside the
initial indent of the line are considered whitespace errors.
Exits with non-zero status if problems are found. Not compatible
with --exit-code.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--ws-error-highlight=<kind>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Highlight whitespace errors in the <code>context</code>, <code>old</code> or <code>new</code>
lines of the diff. Multiple values are separated by comma,
<code>none</code> resets previous values, <code>default</code> reset the list to
<code>new</code> and <code>all</code> is a shorthand for <code>old,new,context</code>. When
this option is not given, and the configuration variable
<code>diff.wsErrorHighlight</code> is not set, only whitespace errors in
<code>new</code> lines are highlighted. The whitespace errors are colored
whith <code>color.diff.whitespace</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--full-index
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full
pre- and post-image blob object names on the "index"
line when generating patch format output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--binary
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
In addition to <code>--full-index</code>, output a binary diff that
can be applied with <code>git-apply</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--abbrev[=<n>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
lines, show only a partial prefix. This is
independent of the <code>--full-index</code> option above, which controls
the diff-patch output format. Non default number of
digits can be specified with <code>--abbrev=<n></code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-B[<n>][/<m>]
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--break-rewrites[=[<n>][/<m>]]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and
create. This serves two purposes:
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>It affects the way a change that amounts to a total rewrite of a file
not as a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with a very
few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a
single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of
everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B
option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the
original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total
rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of
deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the
source of a rename (usually -M only considers a file that disappeared
as the source of a rename), and the number <code>n</code> controls this aspect of
the -B option (defaults to 50%). <code>-B20%</code> specifies that a change with
addition and deletion compared to 20% or more of the file’s size are
eligible for being picked up as a possible source of a rename to
another file.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-M[<n>]
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--find-renames[=<n>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Detect renames.
If <code>n</code> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity
index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the
file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means Git should consider a
delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file
hasn’t changed. Without a <code>%</code> sign, the number is to be read as
a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes
0.5, and is thus the same as <code>-M50%</code>. Similarly, <code>-M05</code> is
the same as <code>-M5%</code>. To limit detection to exact renames, use
<code>-M100%</code>. The default similarity index is 50%.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-C[<n>]
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--find-copies[=<n>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Detect copies as well as renames. See also <code>--find-copies-harder</code>.
If <code>n</code> is specified, it has the same meaning as for <code>-M<n></code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--find-copies-harder
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
For performance reasons, by default, <code>-C</code> option finds copies only
if the original file of the copy was modified in the same
changeset. This flag makes the command
inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of
copy. This is a very expensive operation for large
projects, so use it with caution. Giving more than one
<code>-C</code> option has the same effect.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-D
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--irreversible-delete
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not
the diff between the preimage and <code>/dev/null</code>. The resulting patch
is not meant to be applied with <code>patch</code> or <code>git apply</code>; this is
solely for people who want to just concentrate on reviewing the
text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lacks
enough information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually,
hence the name of the option.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When used together with <code>-B</code>, omit also the preimage in the deletion part
of a delete/create pair.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-l<num>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The <code>-M</code> and <code>-C</code> options require O(n^2) processing time where n
is the number of potential rename/copy targets. This
option prevents rename/copy detection from running if
the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified
number.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--diff-filter=[(A|C|D|M|R|T|U|X|B)…[*]]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Select only files that are Added (<code>A</code>), Copied (<code>C</code>),
Deleted (<code>D</code>), Modified (<code>M</code>), Renamed (<code>R</code>), have their
type (i.e. regular file, symlink, submodule, …) changed (<code>T</code>),
are Unmerged (<code>U</code>), are
Unknown (<code>X</code>), or have had their pairing Broken (<code>B</code>).
Any combination of the filter characters (including none) can be used.
When <code>*</code> (All-or-none) is added to the combination, all
paths are selected if there is any file that matches
other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file
that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Also, these upper-case letters can be downcased to exclude. E.g.
<code>--diff-filter=ad</code> excludes added and deleted paths.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that not all diffs can feature all types. For instance, diffs
from the index to the working tree can never have Added entries
(because the set of paths included in the diff is limited by what is in
the index). Similarly, copied and renamed entries cannot appear if
detection for those types is disabled.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-S<string>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of
the specified string (i.e. addition/deletion) in a file.
Intended for the scripter’s use.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>It is useful when you’re looking for an exact block of code (like a
struct), and want to know the history of that block since it first
came into being: use the feature iteratively to feed the interesting
block in the preimage back into <code>-S</code>, and keep going until you get the
very first version of the block.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-G<regex>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Look for differences whose patch text contains added/removed
lines that match <regex>.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To illustrate the difference between <code>-S<regex> --pickaxe-regex</code> and
<code>-G<regex></code>, consider a commit with the following diff in the same
file:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>+ return !regexec(regexp, two->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
...
- hit = !regexec(regexp, mf2.ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>While <code>git log -G"regexec\(regexp"</code> will show this commit, <code>git log
-S"regexec\(regexp" --pickaxe-regex</code> will not (because the number of
occurrences of that string did not change).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>See the <em>pickaxe</em> entry in <a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a> for more
information.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--find-object=<object-id>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of
the specified object. Similar to <code>-S</code>, just the argument is different
in that it doesn’t search for a specific string but for a specific
object id.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The object can be a blob or a submodule commit. It implies the <code>-t</code> option in
<code>git-log</code> to also find trees.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--pickaxe-all
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
When <code>-S</code> or <code>-G</code> finds a change, show all the changes in that
changeset, not just the files that contain the change
in <string>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--pickaxe-regex
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Treat the <string> given to <code>-S</code> as an extended POSIX regular
expression to match.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-O<orderfile>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Control the order in which files appear in the output.
This overrides the <code>diff.orderFile</code> configuration variable
(see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). To cancel <code>diff.orderFile</code>,
use <code>-O/dev/null</code>.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The output order is determined by the order of glob patterns in
<orderfile>.
All files with pathnames that match the first pattern are output
first, all files with pathnames that match the second pattern (but not
the first) are output next, and so on.
All files with pathnames that do not match any pattern are output
last, as if there was an implicit match-all pattern at the end of the
file.
If multiple pathnames have the same rank (they match the same pattern
but no earlier patterns), their output order relative to each other is
the normal order.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><orderfile> is parsed as follows:</p></div>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
Blank lines are ignored, so they can be used as separators for
readability.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Lines starting with a hash ("<code>#</code>") are ignored, so they can be used
for comments. Add a backslash ("<code>\</code>") to the beginning of the
pattern if it starts with a hash.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Each other line contains a single pattern.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Patterns have the same syntax and semantics as patterns use