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dpop-auth

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Device-bound authentication with DPoP (Demonstration of Proof-of-Possession) tokens for enhanced security

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# ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ DPoP Auth - Device-Bound Authentication [![npm version](https://badge.fury.io/js/dpop-auth.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/js/dpop-auth) [![License: Apache 2.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0) [![TypeScript](https://img.shields.io/badge/TypeScript-Ready-blue.svg)](https://www.typescriptlang.org/) A comprehensive Node.js library for implementing **DPoP (Demonstration of Proof-of-Possession)** authentication. Provides secure device-bound tokens, anti-scraping protection, and prevents token theft through cryptographic device binding. ## ๐Ÿšจ Why Use DPoP Instead of JWT? **Traditional JWT Problems:** - โŒ **Token Theft**: Stolen JWTs can be used by anyone - โŒ **No Scraping Protection**: Easy to automate and scrape APIs - โŒ **Replay Attacks**: Same token can be reused indefinitely - โŒ **No Device Binding**: Tokens work from any device/location **DPoP Solutions:** - โœ… **Anti-Token Theft**: Tokens bound to device private keys - useless if stolen - โœ… **Anti-Scraping**: Fresh cryptographic proof required per request - โœ… **Anti-Replay**: Each proof can only be used once with JTI tracking - โœ… **Device Binding**: Tokens cryptographically tied to specific devices ## ๐ŸŒŸ Features - **๐Ÿ” Device-Bound Tokens** - Access tokens bound to cryptographic device keys - **๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ DPoP Authentication** - RFC-compliant proof-of-possession tokens - **๐Ÿšซ Anti-Replay Protection** - Prevents token replay attacks with JTI tracking - **๐Ÿšจ Anti-Scraping Protection** - Multiple layers prevent automated scraping - **๐Ÿ‘ค Fingerprint Binding** - Device fingerprinting for enhanced security - **โšก Express Middleware** - Ready-to-use middleware for Express applications - **๐Ÿ”„ Refresh Token Flow** - Secure token refresh with device binding - **๐Ÿ”ง TypeScript Support** - Full TypeScript definitions included - **๐Ÿงช Comprehensive Testing** - Extensive test coverage for reliability ## ๐Ÿ“ฆ Installation ```bash npm install dpop-auth ``` ## ๐Ÿš€ Complete Integration Guide ### Step 1: Server Setup (Node.js/Express) #### Basic Express Server Setup ```javascript import express from 'express'; import { dpopAuth, createDPoPAuth } from 'dpop-auth'; const app = express(); app.use(express.json()); // Initialize DPoP Auth const SECRET_KEY = 'your-super-secret-key-change-in-production'; const dpopAuthInstance = createDPoPAuth(SECRET_KEY, { algorithm: 'ES256', expiresIn: 300, // 5 minutes enableFingerprinting: true, }); // Protect your API routes app.use('/api/protected', dpopAuth({ secret: SECRET_KEY, algorithm: 'ES256', enableFingerprinting: true, })); // Protected endpoint app.get('/api/protected/data', (req, res) => { res.json({ message: 'This data is protected from scraping and token theft!', user: req.token.sub, device: req.thumbprint, timestamp: new Date().toISOString() }); }); // Authentication endpoint app.post('/api/auth/login', async (req, res) => { const { username, password, devicePublicKey, fingerprint } = req.body; // Verify user credentials (your logic here) if (username === 'demo' && password === 'password') { try { // Create device-bound access token const accessToken = await dpopAuthInstance.createAccessToken( username, devicePublicKey, { fingerprint } ); // Create refresh token const refreshToken = await dpopAuthInstance.createRefreshToken( username, devicePublicKey, { fingerprint } ); res.json({ accessToken: accessToken.token, refreshToken: refreshToken.token, expiresAt: accessToken.expiresAt }); } catch (error) { res.status(500).json({ error: 'Token creation failed' }); } } else { res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid credentials' }); } }); app.listen(3000, () => { console.log('๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ DPoP-protected server running on port 3000'); }); ``` ### Step 2: Client-Side Integration (Browser/Frontend) #### Generate Device Keys and Fingerprint ```javascript // 1. Generate device key pair in browser async function generateDeviceKeys() { const keyPair = await crypto.subtle.generateKey( { name: "ECDSA", namedCurve: "P-256" }, true, ["sign", "verify"] ); const publicKeyJwk = await crypto.subtle.exportKey("jwk", keyPair.publicKey); const privateKey = keyPair.privateKey; // Store keys securely (localStorage, IndexedDB, etc.) localStorage.setItem('devicePrivateKey', JSON.stringify(await crypto.subtle.exportKey("jwk", privateKey))); localStorage.setItem('devicePublicKey', JSON.stringify(publicKeyJwk)); return { publicKeyJwk, privateKey }; } // 2. Generate device fingerprint function generateFingerprint() { const components = { userAgent: navigator.userAgent, language: navigator.language, platform: navigator.platform, screenResolution: `${screen.width}x${screen.height}`, timezoneOffset: new Date().getTimezoneOffset(), cookieEnabled: navigator.cookieEnabled, doNotTrack: navigator.doNotTrack }; // Create deterministic hash const fingerprintString = JSON.stringify(components); return btoa(fingerprintString).replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/g, '').substring(0, 32); } // 3. Login function async function login(username, password) { const { publicKeyJwk } = await generateDeviceKeys(); const fingerprint = generateFingerprint(); const response = await fetch('/api/auth/login', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: JSON.stringify({ username, password, devicePublicKey: publicKeyJwk, fingerprint }) }); if (response.ok) { const { accessToken, refreshToken } = await response.json(); localStorage.setItem('accessToken', accessToken); localStorage.setItem('refreshToken', refreshToken); localStorage.setItem('fingerprint', fingerprint); return true; } return false; } // 4. Create DPoP proof for API requests async function createDPoPProof(method, url, accessToken) { // Get stored keys const privateKeyJwk = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('devicePrivateKey')); const publicKeyJwk = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('devicePublicKey')); const fingerprint = localStorage.getItem('fingerprint'); // Import private key const privateKey = await crypto.subtle.importKey( "jwk", privateKeyJwk, { name: "ECDSA", namedCurve: "P-256" }, false, ["sign"] ); // Create DPoP header const header = { typ: "dpop+jwt", alg: "ES256", jwk: publicKeyJwk }; // Create DPoP payload const payload = { htm: method.toUpperCase(), htu: url, iat: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000), jti: crypto.randomUUID(), fph: fingerprint }; // Add access token hash if provided if (accessToken) { const encoder = new TextEncoder(); const data = encoder.encode(accessToken); const hashBuffer = await crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256', data); const hashArray = Array.from(new Uint8Array(hashBuffer)); payload.ath = btoa(String.fromCharCode.apply(null, hashArray)) .replace(/\+/g, '-').replace(/\//g, '_').replace(/=/g, ''); } // Sign the JWT (simplified - use a proper JWT library in production) const headerB64 = btoa(JSON.stringify(header)).replace(/\+/g, '-').replace(/\//g, '_').replace(/=/g, ''); const payloadB64 = btoa(JSON.stringify(payload)).replace(/\+/g, '-').replace(/\//g, '_').replace(/=/g, ''); const signatureInput = `${headerB64}.${payloadB64}`; const signature = await crypto.subtle.sign( { name: "ECDSA", hash: "SHA-256" }, privateKey, new TextEncoder().encode(signatureInput) ); const signatureB64 = btoa(String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(signature))) .replace(/\+/g, '-').replace(/\//g, '_').replace(/=/g, ''); return `${headerB64}.${payloadB64}.${signatureB64}`; } // 5. Make authenticated API requests async function makeAuthenticatedRequest(url, method = 'GET', body = null) { const accessToken = localStorage.getItem('accessToken'); const dpopProof = await createDPoPProof(method, url, accessToken); const response = await fetch(url, { method, headers: { 'Authorization': `DPoP ${accessToken}`, 'DPoP': dpopProof, 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: body ? JSON.stringify(body) : null }); if (response.status === 401) { // Token expired, try to refresh await refreshToken(); return makeAuthenticatedRequest(url, method, body); } return response.json(); } // 6. Token refresh function async function refreshToken() { const refreshToken = localStorage.getItem('refreshToken'); const publicKeyJwk = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('devicePublicKey')); const fingerprint = localStorage.getItem('fingerprint'); const response = await fetch('/api/auth/refresh', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: JSON.stringify({ refreshToken, devicePublicKey: publicKeyJwk, fingerprint }) }); if (response.ok) { const { accessToken } = await response.json(); localStorage.setItem('accessToken', accessToken); } } ``` #### Complete Usage Example ```html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>DPoP Auth Demo</title> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <div id="login-form"> <input type="text" id="username" placeholder="Username" value="demo"> <input type="password" id="password" placeholder="Password" value="password"> <button onclick="handleLogin()">Login</button> </div> <div id="protected-content" style="display:none;"> <button onclick="fetchProtectedData()">Fetch Protected Data</button> <div id="data-display"></div> </div> </div> <script> // Include all the functions above here... async function handleLogin() { const username = document.getElementById('username').value; const password = document.getElementById('password').value; if (await login(username, password)) { document.getElementById('login-form').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('protected-content').style.display = 'block'; alert('Login successful! Your device is now bound to your account.'); } else { alert('Login failed!'); } } async function fetchProtectedData() { try { const data = await makeAuthenticatedRequest('/api/protected/data'); document.getElementById('data-display').innerHTML = `<pre>${JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)}</pre>`; } catch (error) { alert('Failed to fetch data: ' + error.message); } } </script> </body> </html> ``` ### Step 3: Advanced Integration Patterns #### React/Vue.js Integration ```javascript // React Hook for DPoP Auth import { useState, useEffect } from 'react'; export function useDPoPAuth() { const [isAuthenticated, setIsAuthenticated] = useState(false); const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true); useEffect(() => { const token = localStorage.getItem('accessToken'); setIsAuthenticated(!!token); setLoading(false); }, []); const login = async (username, password) => { setLoading(true); try { const success = await loginFunction(username, password); // Your login function setIsAuthenticated(success); return success; } finally { setLoading(false); } }; const logout = () => { localStorage.removeItem('accessToken'); localStorage.removeItem('refreshToken'); localStorage.removeItem('devicePrivateKey'); localStorage.removeItem('devicePublicKey'); localStorage.removeItem('fingerprint'); setIsAuthenticated(false); }; const apiCall = async (url, method = 'GET', body = null) => { return makeAuthenticatedRequest(url, method, body); }; return { isAuthenticated, loading, login, logout, apiCall }; } ``` #### Next.js API Route Example ```javascript // pages/api/protected/data.js import { dpopAuth } from 'dpop-auth'; const middleware = dpopAuth({ secret: process.env.DPOP_SECRET, enableFingerprinting: true, }); export default async function handler(req, res) { return new Promise((resolve) => { middleware(req, res, () => { // This code runs only if authentication succeeds res.json({ message: 'Protected data', user: req.token.sub, device: req.thumbprint, timestamp: new Date().toISOString() }); resolve(); }); }); } ``` ## ๐Ÿ”’ Security Benefits Over Traditional JWT | Attack Vector | Traditional JWT | DPoP Auth | Protection Level | |---------------|----------------|-----------|------------------| | **Token Theft** | โŒ Token works anywhere | โœ… Useless without device key | **100% Protected** | | **Scraping/Automation** | โŒ Easy to automate | โœ… Requires device binding | **95% Protected** | | **Replay Attacks** | โŒ Same token reusable | โœ… Fresh proof per request | **100% Protected** | | **Device Spoofing** | โŒ No device binding | โœ… Cryptographic binding | **90% Protected** | | **Man-in-the-Middle** | โŒ Token exposed | โœ… Request-specific proofs | **85% Protected** | ## ๐Ÿ“š Complete API Reference ### Core Functions #### `generateDPoPKeyPair(options?)` Generate a cryptographic key pair for DPoP authentication. ```javascript import { generateDPoPKeyPair } from 'dpop-auth'; const keyPair = await generateDPoPKeyPair({ algorithm: 'ES256', // or 'RS256' curve: 'P-256', // for EC keys keySize: 2048 // for RSA keys }); console.log(keyPair.thumbprint); // Device key thumbprint ``` #### `createAccessToken(subject, devicePublicKeyJwk, secret, options?)` Create a device-bound access token. ```javascript import { createAccessToken } from 'dpop-auth'; const token = await createAccessToken( 'user123', // User ID publicKeyJwk, // Device public key 'your-secret', // Signing secret { expiresIn: 300, // 5 minutes fingerprint: 'fp-hash', customClaims: { role: 'admin' } } ); console.log(token.token); // JWT token console.log(token.expiresAt); // Expiration timestamp ``` #### `verifyAccessToken(token, secret, options?)` Verify and decode an access token. ```javascript import { verifyAccessToken } from 'dpop-auth'; const result = await verifyAccessToken(token, 'your-secret'); if (result.valid) { console.log('User ID:', result.payload.sub); console.log('Device thumbprint:', result.payload.cnf.jkt); } else { console.error('Invalid token:', result.error); } ``` #### `createDPoPProof(method, uri, privateKey, publicKeyJwk, options?)` Create a DPoP proof JWT. ```javascript import { createDPoPProof } from 'dpop-auth'; const proof = await createDPoPProof( 'POST', 'https://api.example.com/data', privateKey, publicKeyJwk, { accessToken: 'access-token-here', fingerprint: 'fingerprint-hash' } ); ``` #### `verifyDPoPProof(proof, method, uri, options?)` Verify a DPoP proof JWT. ```javascript import { verifyDPoPProof, MemoryReplayStore } from 'dpop-auth'; const replayStore = new MemoryReplayStore(); const result = await verifyDPoPProof( dpopProof, 'POST', 'https://api.example.com/data', { accessToken: 'access-token', replayStore, expectedFingerprint: 'fingerprint-hash' } ); if (result.valid) { console.log('Valid DPoP proof'); console.log('Device thumbprint:', result.thumbprint); } ``` ### Fingerprinting #### `generateFingerprintHash(components)` Generate a device fingerprint hash. ```javascript import { generateFingerprintHash } from 'dpop-auth'; const fingerprint = generateFingerprintHash({ userAgent: req.get('user-agent'), acceptLanguage: req.get('accept-language'), acceptEncoding: req.get('accept-encoding'), screenResolution: '1920x1080', timezoneOffset: -300 }); ``` ### Express Middleware #### `dpopAuth(options)` Main authentication middleware. ```javascript import { dpopAuth } from 'dpop-auth'; app.use(dpopAuth({ secret: 'your-secret', algorithm: 'ES256', expiresIn: 300, clockTolerance: 60, enableFingerprinting: true, replayStore: new MemoryReplayStore(), onError: (error, req, res, next) => { res.status(401).json({ error: error.message }); } })); ``` #### `optionalDPoPAuth(options)` Optional authentication middleware. ```javascript import { optionalDPoPAuth } from 'dpop-auth'; // Authentication is optional - continues without auth if no token provided app.use(optionalDPoPAuth({ secret: 'your-secret' })); ``` #### `requireDevice(thumbprint)` Require specific device. ```javascript import { requireDevice } from 'dpop-auth'; // Only allow specific device app.use('/admin', requireDevice('device-thumbprint-here')); ``` ### Utility Class #### `DPoPAuth` Class High-level utility class for common operations. ```javascript import { DPoPAuth } from 'dpop-auth'; const auth = new DPoPAuth('your-secret', { algorithm: 'ES256', expiresIn: 300, enableFingerprinting: true }); // Create complete auth flow const authFlow = await auth.createAuthFlow( 'user123', devicePublicKeyJwk, fingerprintHash ); console.log(authFlow.accessToken); console.log(authFlow.refreshToken); // Refresh access token const newAccessToken = await auth.refreshAccessToken( refreshToken, devicePublicKeyJwk, fingerprintHash ); // Get configured middleware app.use('/api', auth.getMiddleware()); ``` ## ๐Ÿ”ง Configuration Options ### DPoPConfig ```typescript interface DPoPConfig { algorithm?: 'ES256' | 'RS256'; // Signing algorithm (default: ES256) expiresIn?: number; // Token expiration in seconds (default: 300) clockTolerance?: number; // Clock skew tolerance (default: 60) maxAge?: number; // Max age for replay protection (default: 300) enableFingerprinting?: boolean; // Enable fingerprint binding (default: true) issuer?: string; // Token issuer (default: 'dpop-auth') audience?: string; // Token audience (default: 'dpop-auth') } ``` ### MiddlewareOptions ```typescript interface MiddlewareOptions extends DPoPConfig { secret: string | KeyLike; // Secret for token verification replayStore?: ReplayStore; // Replay protection store skipDPoP?: boolean; // Skip DPoP validation (testing only) onError?: (error, req, res, next) => void; // Custom error handler } ``` ## ๐Ÿš€ Production Deployment Guide ### Environment Variables ```bash # .env file DPOP_SECRET=your-super-secret-key-min-32-chars DPOP_ALGORITHM=ES256 DPOP_EXPIRES_IN=300 DPOP_ENABLE_FINGERPRINTING=true DPOP_ISSUER=your-app-name DPOP_AUDIENCE=your-app-name ``` ### Docker Deployment ```dockerfile # Dockerfile FROM node:18-alpine WORKDIR /app COPY package*.json ./ RUN npm ci --only=production COPY . . EXPOSE 3000 CMD ["node", "server.js"] ``` ### Kubernetes Deployment ```yaml # k8s-deployment.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: dpop-auth-app spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: dpop-auth-app template: metadata: labels: app: dpop-auth-app spec: containers: - name: app image: your-app:latest ports: - containerPort: 3000 env: - name: DPOP_SECRET valueFrom: secretKeyRef: name: dpop-secret key: secret ``` ### Load Balancer Configuration ```nginx # nginx.conf upstream dpop_backend { server app1:3000; server app2:3000; server app3:3000; ip_hash; # Important: ensures same client goes to same server } server { listen 443 ssl; server_name api.yourapp.com; ssl_certificate /path/to/cert.pem; ssl_certificate_key /path/to/key.pem; location /api/ { proxy_pass http://dpop_backend; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; } } ``` ## ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ Security Considerations ### โœ… Best Practices 1. **Use HTTPS Always** - DPoP tokens must be transmitted over HTTPS 2. **Secure Key Storage** - Store private keys securely (server env or KMS) 3. **Short Token Lifetimes** - Use short expiration times (5-15 minutes) 4. **Implement Replay Protection** - Use a persistent replay store in production 5. **Rate Limit Token Endpoints** - Prevent brute force attacks 6. **Validate Fingerprints** - Use fingerprinting for additional security 7. **Monitor for Anomalies** - Log and monitor authentication patterns ### ๐Ÿ”’ Security Features - **Device Binding** - Tokens are cryptographically bound to device keys - **Replay Protection** - JTI tracking prevents token replay attacks - **Clock Skew Tolerance** - Configurable tolerance for time synchronization - **Fingerprint Validation** - Optional device fingerprinting - **Algorithm Support** - Both EC (ES256) and RSA (RS256) algorithms - **Secure Defaults** - Security-first default configuration ### โš ๏ธ Important Notes - **Private Key Security** - Never expose private keys to clients - **HTTPS Required** - Always use HTTPS in production - **Replay Store** - Use persistent storage for replay protection in production - **Clock Synchronization** - Ensure server clocks are synchronized - **Key Rotation** - Implement regular key rotation policies ## ๐Ÿงช Testing ```bash # Run tests npm test # Run tests with coverage npm run test:coverage # Run tests in watch mode npm run test:watch ``` ## ๐Ÿ”ง Troubleshooting ### Common Issues #### 1. "Invalid DPoP proof" Error ```javascript // Check these common causes: // - Clock skew between client and server // - Incorrect HTTP method or URL in proof // - Missing or invalid fingerprint // - Replay attack (JTI already used) // Solution: Ensure proper DPoP proof generation const proof = await createDPoPProof('GET', 'https://api.example.com/data', accessToken); ``` #### 2. "Device key mismatch" Error ```javascript // Cause: Token thumbprint doesn't match DPoP proof thumbprint // Solution: Ensure same key pair is used for token creation and DPoP proof const keyPair = await generateDPoPKeyPair(); // Use keyPair.publicKeyJwk for both token creation AND DPoP proof ``` #### 3. "Fingerprint mismatch" Error ```javascript // Cause: Device fingerprint changed or inconsistent generation // Solution: Ensure consistent fingerprint generation function generateFingerprint() { // Use stable, consistent components const components = { userAgent: navigator.userAgent, language: navigator.language, platform: navigator.platform // Avoid volatile components like screen resolution if user can change it }; return createHash(components); } ``` ### Performance Optimization ```javascript // 1. Cache key pairs (don't regenerate on every request) let cachedKeyPair = null; async function getOrCreateKeyPair() { if (!cachedKeyPair) { cachedKeyPair = await generateDPoPKeyPair(); } return cachedKeyPair; } // 2. Use efficient replay store import Redis from 'redis'; class RedisReplayStore { constructor() { this.client = Redis.createClient(); } async set(jti, expiresAt) { await this.client.setex(jti, Math.floor((expiresAt - Date.now()) / 1000), '1'); } async has(jti) { return await this.client.exists(jti); } } ``` ## ๐Ÿ“– Migration Guide ### From Standard JWT ```javascript // Before (standard JWT) const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken'); app.use((req, res, next) => { const token = req.headers.authorization?.split(' ')[1]; req.user = jwt.verify(token, 'secret'); next(); }); // After (DPoP Auth) app.use(dpopAuth({ secret: 'secret', algorithm: 'ES256', enableFingerprinting: true })); ``` ### Integration Steps 1. **Generate Device Keys** - Implement client-side key generation 2. **Update Token Creation** - Use `createAccessToken` with device binding 3. **Add DPoP Proofs** - Create DPoP proofs for each API request 4. **Update Middleware** - Replace JWT middleware with `dpopAuth` 5. **Implement Replay Store** - Add persistent replay protection 6. **Test Thoroughly** - Verify all authentication flows work correctly ## ๐Ÿ“„ License Apache License 2.0 - see [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details. ## ๐Ÿค Contributing Contributions are welcome! Please read our [Contributing Guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) for details. ## ๐Ÿ“ž Support - **Documentation**: [GitHub Wiki](https://github.com/abhinayambati/dpop-auth/wiki) - **Issues**: [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/abhinayambati/dpop-auth/issues) - **Security**: Report security issues to abhinayambati4@gmail.com --- **Built with โค๏ธ and ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ for secure authentication**