declarations/mongoose/mongoose.d.ts

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// Type definitions for Mongoose 4.5.9
// Project: http://mongoosejs.com/
// Definitions by: simonxca <https://github.com/simonxca/>, horiuchi <https://github.com/horiuchi/>
// Definitions: https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped

///<reference path="../mongodb/mongodb.d.ts" />
///<reference path="../node/node.d.ts" />

/*
 * Guidelines for maintaining these definitions:
 * - If you spot an error here or there, please submit a PR.
 *   Give some examples/links to documentation if you can.
 *
 * For patches and minor releases:
 * - Browse the changelog at https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/History.md
 *   and make necessary changes. Afterwards, update the version number at the top so we know
 *   which version we are on.
 *
 * For major releases:
 * - Refer to the updated docs at http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html
 * - On the left-hand side of the docs is a list of .js files. Reset and update the TODO list below
 *   then go through one-by-one, making any updates to params list, return type, etc. For documentation
 *   changes just copy/paste them into here.
 * - Check the files off as you go. Some files below might not have anything in them. That's ok, this
 *   is just a simple heuristic to keep track of our progress.
 *
 * TODO for version 4.x [updated][tested]:
 * [x][x] index.js
 * [x][x] querystream.js
 * [x][x] connection.js
 * [x][x] utils.js
 * [x][x] browser.js
 * [x][x] drivers/node-mongodb-native/collection.js
 * [x][x] drivers/node-mongodb-native/connection.js
 * [x][x] error/messages.js
 * [x][x] error/validation.js
 * [x][x] error.js
 * [x][x] querycursor.js
 * [x][x] virtualtype.js
 * [x][x] schema.js
 * [x][x] document.js
 * [x][x] types/subdocument.js
 * [x][x] types/array.js
 * [x][x] types/documentarray.js
 * [x][x] types/buffer.js
 * [x][x] types/objectid.js
 * [x][x] types/embedded.js
 * [x][x] query.js
 * [x][x] schema/array.js
 * [x][x] schema/string.js
 * [x][x] schema/documentarray.js
 * [x][x] schema/number.js
 * [x][x] schema/date.js
 * [x][x] schema/buffer.js
 * [x][x] schema/boolean.js
 * [x][x] schema/objectid.js
 * [x][x] schema/mixed.js
 * [x][x] schema/embedded.js
 * [x][x] aggregate.js
 * [x][x] schematype.js
 * [x][x] promise.js
 * [x][x] ES6Promise.js
 * [x][x] model.js
 * [x][x] collection.js
 */

/*
For easier searching, add a header to each section like so:
To find a section, CTRL+F and type "section ___.js"
/*
 * section filename.js
 * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#filename-js
 */

declare module "mongoose" {
  import events = require('events');
  import mongodb = require('mongodb');
  import stream = require('stream');
  import mongoose = require('mongoose');

  /*
   * Some mongoose classes have the same name as the native JS classes
   * Keep references to native classes using a "Native" prefix
   */
  class NativeBuffer extends global.Buffer {}
  class NativeDate extends global.Date {}
  class NativeError extends global.Error {}

  /*
   * section index.js
   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#index-js
   */
  export var DocumentProvider: any;
  // recursive constructor
  export var Mongoose: new(...args: any[]) => typeof mongoose;
  type Mongoose = typeof mongoose;
  export var SchemaTypes: typeof Schema.Types;

  /** Expose connection states for user-land */
  export var STATES: Object
  /** The default connection of the mongoose module. */
  export var connection: Connection;
  /** The node-mongodb-native driver Mongoose uses. */
  export var mongo: typeof mongodb;
  /** The Mongoose version */
  export var version: string;

  /**
   * Opens the default mongoose connection.
   * Options passed take precedence over options included in connection strings.
   * @returns pseudo-promise wrapper around this
   */
  export function connect(uris: string,
    options?: ConnectionOptions,
    callback?: (err: mongodb.MongoError) => void): MongooseThenable;
  export function connect(uris: string,
    callback?: (err: mongodb.MongoError) => void): MongooseThenable;

  /**
   * Creates a Connection instance.
   * Each connection instance maps to a single database. This method is helpful
   *   when mangaging multiple db connections.
   * @param uri a mongodb:// URI
   * @param options options to pass to the driver
   * @returns the created Connection object
   */
  export function createConnection(): Connection;
  export function createConnection(uri: string,
    options?: ConnectionOptions
  ): Connection;
  export function createConnection(host: string, database_name: string, port?: number,
    options?: ConnectionOptions
  ): Connection;

  /**
   * Disconnects all connections.
   * @param fn called after all connection close.
   * @returns pseudo-promise wrapper around this
   */
  export function disconnect(fn?: (error: any) => void): MongooseThenable;

  /** Gets mongoose options */
  export function get(key: string): any;

  /**
   * Defines a model or retrieves it.
   * Models defined on the mongoose instance are available to all connection
   *   created by the same mongoose instance.
   * @param name model name
   * @param collection (optional, induced from model name)
   * @param skipInit whether to skip initialization (defaults to false)
   */
  export function model<T extends Document>(name: string, schema?: Schema, collection?: string,
    skipInit?: boolean): Model<T>;
  export function model<T extends Document, U extends Model<T>>(
    name: string,
    schema?: Schema,
    collection?: string,
    skipInit?: boolean
  ): U;

  /**
   * Returns an array of model names created on this instance of Mongoose.
   * Does not include names of models created using connection.model().
   */
  export function modelNames(): string[];

  /**
   * Declares a global plugin executed on all Schemas.
   * Equivalent to calling .plugin(fn) on each Schema you create.
   * @param fn plugin callback
   * @param opts optional options
   */
  export function plugin(fn: Function, opts?: Object): typeof mongoose;

  /** Sets mongoose options */
  export function set(key: string, value: any): void;

  type MongooseThenable = typeof mongoose & {
    /**
     * Ability to use mongoose object as a pseudo-promise so .connect().then()
     * and .disconnect().then() are viable.
     */
    then<TRes>(onFulfill?: () => void | TRes | PromiseLike<TRes>,
      onRejected?: (err: mongodb.MongoError) => void | TRes | PromiseLike<TRes>): Promise<TRes>;

    /**
     * Ability to use mongoose object as a pseudo-promise so .connect().then()
     * and .disconnect().then() are viable.
     */
    catch<TRes>(onRejected?: (err: mongodb.MongoError) => void | TRes | PromiseLike<TRes>): Promise<TRes>;
  }

  class CastError extends Error {
    /**
     * The Mongoose CastError constructor
     * @param type The name of the type
     * @param value The value that failed to cast
     * @param path The path a.b.c in the doc where this cast error occurred
     * @param reason The original error that was thrown
     */
    constructor(type: string, value: any, path: string, reason?: NativeError);
  }

  /*
   * section querystream.js
   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#querystream-js
   *
   * QueryStream can only be accessed using query#stream(), we only
   *   expose its interface here.
   */
  interface QueryStream extends stream.Stream {
    /**
     * Provides a Node.js 0.8 style ReadStream interface for Queries.
     * @event data emits a single Mongoose document
     * @event error emits when an error occurs during streaming. This will emit before the close event.
     * @event close emits when the stream reaches the end of the cursor or an error occurs, or the stream
     *   is manually destroyed. After this event, no more events are emitted.
     */
    constructor(query: Query<any>, options?: {
      /**
       * optional function which accepts a mongoose document. The return value
       * of the function will be emitted on data.
       */
      transform?: Function;
      [other: string]: any;
    }): QueryStream;

    /**
     * Destroys the stream, closing the underlying cursor, which emits the close event.
     * No more events will be emitted after the close event.
     */
    destroy(err?: NativeError): void;

    /** Pauses this stream. */
    pause(): void;
    /** Pipes this query stream into another stream. This method is inherited from NodeJS Streams. */
    pipe<T extends NodeJS.WritableStream>(destination: T, options?: { end?: boolean; }): T;
    /** Resumes this stream. */
    resume(): void;

    /** Flag stating whether or not this stream is paused. */
    paused: boolean;
    /** Flag stating whether or not this stream is readable. */
    readable: boolean;
  }

  /*
   * section connection.js
   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#connection-js
   *
   * The Connection class exposed by require('mongoose')
   *   is actually the driver's NativeConnection class.
   *   connection.js defines a base class that the native
   *   versions extend. See:
   *   http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#drivers-node-mongodb-native-connection-js
   */
  abstract class ConnectionBase extends events.EventEmitter {
    /**
     * For practical reasons, a Connection equals a Db.
     * @param base a mongoose instance
     * @event connecting Emitted when connection.{open,openSet}() is executed on this connection.
     * @event connected Emitted when this connection successfully connects to the db. May be emitted multiple times in reconnected scenarios.
     * @event open Emitted after we connected and onOpen is executed on all of this connections models.
     * @event disconnecting Emitted when connection.close() was executed.
     * @event disconnected Emitted after getting disconnected from the db.
     * @event close Emitted after we disconnected and onClose executed on all of this connections models.
     * @event reconnected Emitted after we connected and subsequently disconnected, followed by successfully another successfull connection.
     * @event error Emitted when an error occurs on this connection.
     * @event fullsetup Emitted in a replica-set scenario, when primary and at least one seconaries specified in the connection string are connected.
     * @event all Emitted in a replica-set scenario, when all nodes specified in the connection string are connected.
     */
    constructor(base: typeof mongoose);

    /**
     * Opens the connection to MongoDB.
     * @param mongodb://uri or the host to which you are connecting
     * @param database database name
     * @param port database port
     * @param options Mongoose forces the db option forceServerObjectId false and cannot be overridden.
     *   Mongoose defaults the server auto_reconnect options to true which can be overridden.
     *   See the node-mongodb-native driver instance for options that it understands.
     *   Options passed take precedence over options included in connection strings.
     */
    open(connection_string: string, database?: string, port?: number,
      options?: ConnectionOpenOptions, callback?: (err: any) => void): any;

    /**
     * Opens the connection to a replica set.
     * @param uris comma-separated mongodb:// URIs
     * @param database database name if not included in uris
     * @param options passed to the internal driver
     */
    openSet(uris: string, database?: string, options?: ConnectionOpenSetOptions,
      callback?: (err: any) => void): any;

    /** Closes the connection */
    close(callback?: (err: any) => void): Promise<void>;

    /**
     * Retrieves a collection, creating it if not cached.
     * Not typically needed by applications. Just talk to your collection through your model.
     * @param name name of the collection
     * @param options optional collection options
     */
    collection(name: string, options?: Object): Collection;

    /**
     * Defines or retrieves a model.
     * When no collection argument is passed, Mongoose produces a collection name by passing
     * the model name to the utils.toCollectionName method. This method pluralizes the name.
     * If you don't like this behavior, either pass a collection name or set your schemas
     * collection name option.
     * @param name the model name
     * @param schema a schema. necessary when defining a model
     * @param collection name of mongodb collection (optional) if not given it will be induced from model name
     * @returns The compiled model
     */
    model<T extends Document>(name: string, schema?: Schema, collection?: string): Model<T>;
    model<T extends Document, U extends Model<T>>(
      name: string,
      schema?: Schema,
      collection?: string
    ): U;

    /** Returns an array of model names created on this connection. */
    modelNames(): string[];

    /** A hash of the global options that are associated with this connection */
    config: Object;

    /** The mongodb.Db instance, set when the connection is opened */
    db: mongodb.Db;

    /** A hash of the collections associated with this connection */
    collections: { [index: string]: Collection };

    /**
     * Connection ready state
     * 0 = disconnected
     * 1 = connected
     * 2 = connecting
     * 3 = disconnecting
     * Each state change emits its associated event name.
     */
    readyState: number;
  }

  interface ConnectionOptionsBase {
    /** passed to the connection db instance */
    db?: any;
    /** passed to the connection server instance(s) */
    server?: any;
    /** passed to the connection ReplSet instance */
    replset?: any;
    /** username for authentication */
    user?: string;
    /** password for authentication */
    pass?: string;
    /** options for authentication (see http://mongodb.github.com/node-mongodb-native/api-generated/db.html#authenticate) */
    auth?: any;
  }

  /** See the node-mongodb-native driver instance for options that it understands. */
  interface ConnectionOpenOptions extends ConnectionOptionsBase {
    /** mongoose-specific options */
    config?: {
      /**
       * set to false to disable automatic index creation for all
       * models associated with this connection.
       */
      autoIndex?: boolean;
    };
  }

  /** See the node-mongodb-native driver instance for options that it understands. */
  interface ConnectionOpenSetOptions extends ConnectionOptionsBase {
    /**
     * If true, enables High Availability support for mongos
     * If connecting to multiple mongos servers, set the mongos option to true.
     */
    mongos?: boolean;
  }

  interface ConnectionOptions extends
    ConnectionOpenOptions,
    ConnectionOpenSetOptions {}

  /*
   * section drivers/node-mongodb-native/collection.js
   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#drivers-node-mongodb-native-collection-js
   */
  var Collection: Collection;
  interface Collection extends CollectionBase {
    /**
     * Collection constructor
     * @param name name of the collection
     * @param conn A MongooseConnection instance
     * @param opts optional collection options
     */
    new(name: string, conn: Connection, opts?: Object): Collection;
    /** Formatter for debug print args */
    $format(arg: any): string;
    /** Debug print helper */
    $print(name: any, i: any, args: any[]): void;
    /** Retreives information about this collections indexes. */
    getIndexes(): any;
  }

  /*
   * section drivers/node-mongodb-native/connection.js
   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#drivers-node-mongodb-native-connection-js
   */
  class Connection extends ConnectionBase {
    /**
     * Switches to a different database using the same connection pool.
     * @param name The database name
     * @returns New Connection Object
     */
    useDb(name: string): Connection;

    /** Expose the possible connection states. */
    static STATES: Object;
  }

  /*
   * section error/validation.js
   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#error-validation-js
   */
  class ValidationError extends Error {
    /** Console.log helper */
    toString(): string;
  }

  /*
   * section error.js
   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#error-js
   */
  class Error extends global.Error {
    /**
     * MongooseError constructor
     * @param msg Error message
     */
    constructor(msg: string);

    /**
     * The default built-in validator error messages. These may be customized.
     * As you might have noticed, error messages support basic templating
     * {PATH} is replaced with the invalid document path
     * {VALUE} is replaced with the invalid value
     * {TYPE} is replaced with the validator type such as "regexp", "min", or "user defined"
     * {MIN} is replaced with the declared min value for the Number.min validator
     * {MAX} is replaced with the declared max value for the Number.max validator
     */
    static messages: Object;

    /** For backwards compatibility. Same as mongoose.Error.messages */
    static Messages: Object;
  }

  /*
   * section querycursor.js
   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#querycursor-js
   *
   * Callback signatures are from: http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.1/api/Cursor.html#close
   * QueryCursor can only be accessed by query#cursor(), we only
   *   expose its interface to enable type-checking.
   */
  interface QueryCursor<T extends Document> extends stream.Readable {
    /**
     * A QueryCursor is a concurrency primitive for processing query results
     * one document at a time. A QueryCursor fulfills the Node.js streams3 API,
     * in addition to several other mechanisms for loading documents from MongoDB
     * one at a time.
     * Unless you're an advanced user, do not instantiate this class directly.
     * Use Query#cursor() instead.
     * @param options query options passed to .find()
     * @event cursor Emitted when the cursor is created
     * @event error Emitted when an error occurred
     * @event data Emitted when the stream is flowing and the next doc is ready
     * @event end Emitted when the stream is exhausted
     */
    constructor(query: Query<T>, options: Object): QueryCursor<T>;

    /** Marks this cursor as closed. Will stop streaming and subsequent calls to next() will error. */
    close(callback?: (error: any, result: any) => void): Promise<any>;

    /**
     * Execute fn for every document in the cursor. If fn returns a promise,
     * will wait for the promise to resolve before iterating on to the next one.
     * Returns a promise that resolves when done.
     * @param callback executed when all docs have been processed
     */
    eachAsync(fn: (doc: T) => any, callback?: (err: any) => void): Promise<T>;

    /**
     * Get the next document from this cursor. Will return null when there are
     * no documents left.
     */
    next(callback?: (err: any) => void): Promise<any>;
  }

  /*
   * section virtualtype.js
   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#virtualtype-js
   */
  class VirtualType {
    /** This is what mongoose uses to define virtual attributes via Schema.prototype.virtual. */
    constructor(options: Object, name: string);
    /** Applies getters to value using optional scope. */
    applyGetters(value: Object, scope: Object): any;
    /** Applies setters to value using optional scope. */
    applySetters(value: Object, scope: Object): any;
    /** Defines a getter. */
    get(fn: Function): this;
    /** Defines a setter. */
    set(fn: Function): this;
  }

  /*
   * section schema.js
   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#schema-js
   */
  class Schema extends events.EventEmitter {
    /**
     * Schema constructor.
     * When nesting schemas, (children in the example above), always declare
     * the child schema first before passing it into its parent.
     * @event init Emitted after the schema is compiled into a Model.
     */
    constructor(definition?: Object, options?: SchemaOptions);

    /** Adds key path / schema type pairs to this schema. */
    add(obj: Object, prefix?: string): void;

    /**
     * Iterates the schemas paths similar to Array.forEach.
     * @param fn callback function
     * @returns this
     */
    eachPath(fn: (path: string, type: SchemaType) => void): this;

    /**
     * Gets a schema option.
     * @param key option name
     */
    get(key: string): any;

    /**
     * Defines an index (most likely compound) for this schema.
     * @param options Options to pass to MongoDB driver's createIndex() function
     * @param options.expires Mongoose-specific syntactic sugar, uses ms to convert
     *   expires option into seconds for the expireAfterSeconds in the above link.
     */
    index(fields: Object, options?: {
      expires?: string;
      [other: string]: any;
    }): this;

    /** Compiles indexes from fields and schema-level indexes */
    indexes(): any[];

    /**
     * Adds an instance method to documents constructed from Models compiled from this schema.
     * If a hash of name/fn pairs is passed as the only argument, each name/fn pair will be added as methods.
     */
    method(method: string, fn: Function): this;
    method(methodObj: { [name: string]: Function }): this;

    /**
     * Gets/sets schema paths.
     * Sets a path (if arity 2)
     * Gets a path (if arity 1)
     */
    path(path: string): SchemaType;
    path(path: string, constructor: any): this;

    /**
     * Returns the pathType of path for this schema.
     * @returns whether it is a real, virtual, nested, or ad-hoc/undefined path.
     */
    pathType(path: string): string;

    /**
     * Registers a plugin for this schema.
     * @param plugin callback
     */
    plugin(plugin: (schema: Schema, options?: Object) => void, opts?: Object): this;

    /**
     * Defines a post hook for the document
     * Post hooks fire on the event emitted from document instances of Models compiled
     *   from this schema.
     * @param method name of the method to hook
     * @param fn callback
     */
    post<T extends Document>(method: string, fn: (doc: T) => void, ...args: any[]): this;
    post<T extends Document>(method: string, fn: (doc: T, next: (err?: NativeError) => void,
      ...otherArgs: any[]) => void): this;

    /**
     * Defines a pre hook for the document.
     */
    pre(method: string, fn: (next: (err?: NativeError) => void) => void,
      errorCb?: (err: Error) => void): this;
    pre(method: string, parallel: boolean, fn: (next: (err?: NativeError) => void, done: () => void) => void,
      errorCb?: (err: Error) => void): this;

    /**
     * Adds a method call to the queue.
     * @param name name of the document method to call later
     * @param args arguments to pass to the method
     */
    queue(name: string, args: any[]): this;

    /**
     * Removes the given path (or [paths]).
     */
    remove(path: string | string[]): void;

    /**
     * @param invalidate refresh the cache
     * @returns an Array of path strings that are required by this schema.
     */
    requiredPaths(invalidate?: boolean): string[];

    /**
     * Sets/gets a schema option.
     * @param key option name
     * @param value if not passed, the current option value is returned
     */
    set(key: string): any;
    set(key: string, value: any): this;

    /**
     * Adds static "class" methods to Models compiled from this schema.
     */
    static(name: string, fn: Function): this;
    static(nameObj: { [name: string]: Function }): this;

    /** Creates a virtual type with the given name. */
    virtual(name: string, options?: Object): VirtualType;

    /** Returns the virtual type with the given name. */
    virtualpath(name: string): VirtualType;

    /** The allowed index types */
    static indexTypes: string[];

    /**
     * Reserved document keys.
     * Keys in this object are names that are rejected in schema declarations
     * b/c they conflict with mongoose functionality. Using these key name
     * will throw an error.
     */
    static reserved: Object;

    /** Object of currently defined methods on this schema. */
    methods: any;
    /** Object of currently defined statics on this schema. */
    statics: any;
  }

  interface SchemaOptions {
    /** defaults to null (which means use the connection's autoIndex option) */
    autoIndex?: boolean;
    /** defaults to true */
    bufferCommands?: boolean;
    /** defaults to false */
    capped?: boolean;
    /** no default */
    collection?: string;
    /** defaults to false. */
    emitIndexErrors?: boolean;
    /** defaults to true */
    id?: boolean;
    /** defaults to true */
    _id?: boolean;
    /** controls document#toObject behavior when called manually - defaults to true */
    minimize?: boolean;
    read?: string;
    /** defaults to true. */
    safe?: boolean;
    /** defaults to null */
    shardKey?: boolean;
    /** defaults to true */
    strict?: boolean;
    /** no default */
    toJSON?: Object;
    /** no default */
    toObject?: Object;
    /** defaults to 'type' */
    typeKey?: string;
    /** defaults to false */
    useNestedStrict?: boolean;
    /** defaults to true */
    validateBeforeSave?: boolean;
    /** defaults to "__v" */
    versionKey?: boolean;
    /**
     * skipVersioning allows excluding paths from
     * versioning (the internal revision will not be
     * incremented even if these paths are updated).
     */
    skipVersioning?: Object;
    /**
     * If set timestamps, mongoose assigns createdAt
     * and updatedAt fields to your schema, the type
     * assigned is Date.
     */
    timestamps?: Object;
  }

  /*
   * section document.js
   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#document-js
   */
  class MongooseDocument {
    /** Checks if a path is set to its default. */
    $isDefault(path?: string): boolean;

    /**
     * Takes a populated field and returns it to its unpopulated state.
     * If the path was not populated, this is a no-op.
     */
    depopulate(path: string): void;

    /**
     * Returns true if the Document stores the same data as doc.
     * Documents are considered equal when they have matching _ids, unless neither document
     * has an _id, in which case this function falls back to usin deepEqual().
     * @param doc a document to compare
     */
    equals(doc: MongooseDocument): boolean;

    /**
     * Explicitly executes population and returns a promise.
     * Useful for ES2015 integration.
     * @returns promise that resolves to the document when population is done
     */
    execPopulate(): Promise<this>;

    /**
     * Returns the value of a path.
     * @param type optionally specify a type for on-the-fly attributes
     */
    get(path: string, type?: any): any;

    /**
     * Initializes the document without setters or marking anything modified.
     * Called internally after a document is returned from mongodb.
     * @param doc document returned by mongo
     * @param fn callback
     */
    init(doc: MongooseDocument, fn?: () => void): this;
    init(doc: MongooseDocument, opts: Object, fn?: () => void): this;

    /** Helper for console.log */
    inspect(options?: Object): any;

    /**
     * Marks a path as invalid, causing validation to fail.
     * The errorMsg argument will become the message of the ValidationError.
     * The value argument (if passed) will be available through the ValidationError.value property.
     * @param path the field to invalidate
     * @param errorMsg the error which states the reason path was invalid
     * @param value optional invalid value
     * @param kind optional kind property for the error
     * @returns the current ValidationError, with all currently invalidated paths
     */
    invalidate(path: string, errorMsg: string | NativeError, value: any, kind?: string): ValidationError | boolean;

    /** Returns true if path was directly set and modified, else false. */
    isDirectModified(path: string): boolean;

    /** Checks if path was initialized */
    isInit(path: string): boolean;

    /**
     * Returns true if this document was modified, else false.
     * If path is given, checks if a path or any full path containing path as part of its path
     * chain has been modified.
     */
    isModified(path?: string): boolean;

    /** Checks if path was selected in the source query which initialized this document. */
    isSelected(path: string): boolean;

    /**
     * Marks the path as having pending changes to write to the db.
     * Very helpful when using Mixed types.
     * @param path the path to mark modified
     */
    markModified(path: string): void;

    /** Returns the list of paths that have been modified. */
    modifiedPaths(): string[];

    /**
     * Populates document references, executing the callback when complete.
     * If you want to use promises instead, use this function with
     * execPopulate()
     * Population does not occur unless a callback is passed or you explicitly
     * call execPopulate(). Passing the same path a second time will overwrite
     * the previous path options. See Model.populate() for explaination of options.
     * @param path The path to populate or an options object
     * @param callback When passed, population is invoked
     */
    populate(callback: (err: any, res: this) => void): this;
    populate(path: string, callback?: (err: any, res: this) => void): this;
    populate(options: ModelPopulateOptions, callback?: (err: any, res: this) => void): this;

    /** Gets _id(s) used during population of the given path. If the path was not populated, undefined is returned. */
    populated(path: string): any;

    /**
     * Sets the value of a path, or many paths.
     * @param path path or object of key/vals to set
     * @param val the value to set
     * @param type optionally specify a type for "on-the-fly" attributes
     * @param options optionally specify options that modify the behavior of the set
     */
    set(path: string, val: any, options?: Object): void;
    set(path: string, val: any, type: any, options?: Object): void;
    set(value: Object): void;

    /**
     * The return value of this method is used in calls to JSON.stringify(doc).
     * This method accepts the same options as Document#toObject. To apply the
     * options to every document of your schema by default, set your schemas
     * toJSON option to the same argument.
     */
    toJSON(options?: DocumentToObjectOptions): Object;

    /**
     * Converts this document into a plain javascript object, ready for storage in MongoDB.
     * Buffers are converted to instances of mongodb.Binary for proper storage.
     */
    toObject(options?: DocumentToObjectOptions): Object;

    /** Helper for console.log */
    toString(): string;

    /**
     * Clears the modified state on the specified path.
     * @param path the path to unmark modified
     */
    unmarkModified(path: string): void;

    /** Sends an update command with this document _id as the query selector.  */
    update(doc: Object, callback?: (err: any, raw: any) => void): Query<any>;
    update(doc: Object, options: ModelUpdateOptions,
      callback?: (err: any, raw: any) => void): Query<any>;

    /**
     * Executes registered validation rules for this document.
     * @param optional options internal options
     * @param callback callback called after validation completes, passing an error if one occurred
     */
    validate(callback?: (err: any) => void): Promise<void>;
    validate(optional: Object, callback?: (err: any) => void): Promise<void>;

    /**
     * Executes registered validation rules (skipping asynchronous validators) for this document.
     * This method is useful if you need synchronous validation.
     * @param pathsToValidate only validate the given paths
     * @returns MongooseError if there are errors during validation, or undefined if there is no error.
     */
    validateSync(pathsToValidate: string | string[]): Error;

    /** Hash containing current validation errors. */
    errors: Object;
    /** The string version of this documents _id. */
    id: string;
    /** This documents _id. */
    _id: any;
    /** Boolean flag specifying if the document is new. */
    isNew: boolean;
    /** The documents schema. */
    schema: Schema;
  }

  interface DocumentToObjectOptions {
    /** apply all getters (path and virtual getters) */
    getters?: boolean;
    /** apply virtual getters (can override getters option) */
    virtuals?: boolean;
    /** remove empty objects (defaults to true) */
    minimize?: boolean;
    /**
     * A transform function to apply to the resulting document before returning
     * @param doc The mongoose document which is being converted
     * @param ret The plain object representation which has been converted
     * @param options The options in use (either schema options or the options passed inline)
     */
    transform?: (doc: any, ret: Object, options: Object) => any;
    /** depopulate any populated paths, replacing them with their original refs (defaults to false) */
    depopulate?: boolean;
    /** whether to include the version key (defaults to true) */
    versionKey?: boolean;
    /**
     * keep the order of object keys. If this is set to true,
     * Object.keys(new Doc({ a: 1, b: 2}).toObject()) will
     * always produce ['a', 'b'] (defaults to false)
     */
    retainKeyOrder?: boolean;
  }

  namespace Types {
    /*
      * section types/subdocument.js
      * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#types-subdocument-js
      */
    class Subdocument extends MongooseDocument {
      /** Returns the top level document of this sub-document. */
      ownerDocument(): MongooseDocument;

      /**
       * Null-out this subdoc
       * @param callback optional callback for compatibility with Document.prototype.remove
       */
      remove(callback?: (err: any) => void): void;
      remove(options: Object, callback?: (err: any) => void): void;
    }

    /*
     * section types/array.js
     * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#types-array-js
     */
    class Array<T> extends global.Array {
      /**
       * Atomically shifts the array at most one time per document save().
       * Calling this mulitple times on an array before saving sends the same command as
       * calling it once. This update is implemented using the MongoDB $pop method which
       * enforces this restriction.
       */
      $shift(): T;

      /** Alias of pull */
      remove(...args: any[]): this;

      /**
       * Pops the array atomically at most one time per document save().
       * Calling this mulitple times on an array before saving sends the same command as
       * calling it once. This update is implemented using the MongoDB $pop method which
       * enforces this restriction.
       */
      $pop(): T;

      /**
       * Adds values to the array if not already present.
       * @returns the values that were added
       */
      addToSet(...args: any[]): T[];

      /**
       * Return the index of obj or -1 if not found.
       * @param obj he item to look for
       */
      indexOf(obj: any): number;

      /** Helper for console.log */
      inspect(): any;

      /**
       * Marks the entire array as modified, which if saved, will store it as a $set
       * operation, potentially overwritting any changes that happen between when you
       * retrieved the object and when you save it.
       * @returns new length of the array
       */
      nonAtomicPush(...args: any[]): number;

      /**
       * Wraps Array#pop with proper change tracking.
       * marks the entire array as modified which will pass the entire thing to $set
       * potentially overwritting any changes that happen between when you retrieved
       * the object and when you save it.
       */
      pop(): T;

      /**
       * Pulls items from the array atomically. Equality is determined by casting
       * the provided value to an embedded document and comparing using
       * the Document.equals() function.
       */
      pull(...args: any[]): this;

      /**
       * Wraps Array#push with proper change tracking.
       * @returns new length of the array
       */
      push(...args: any[]): number;

      /** Sets the casted val at index i and marks the array modified. */
      set(i: number, val: any): this;

      /**
       * Wraps Array#shift with proper change tracking.
       * Marks the entire array as modified, which if saved, will store it as a $set operation,
       * potentially overwritting any changes that happen between when you retrieved the object
       * and when you save it.
       */
      shift(): T;

      /**
       * Wraps Array#sort with proper change tracking.
       * Marks the entire array as modified, which if saved, will store it as a $set operation,
       * potentially overwritting any changes that happen between when you retrieved the object
       * and when you save it.
       */
      // some lib.d.ts have return type "this" and others have return type "T[]"
      // which causes errors. Let the inherited array provide the sort() method.
      //sort(compareFn?: (a: T, b: T) => number): T[];

      /**
       * Wraps Array#splice with proper change tracking and casting.
       * Marks the entire array as modified, which if saved, will store it as a $set operation,
       * potentially overwritting any changes that happen between when you retrieved the object
       * and when you save it.
       */
      splice(...args: any[]): T[];

      /** Returns a native js Array. */
      toObject(options?: Object): T[];

      /**
       * Wraps Array#unshift with proper change tracking.
       * Marks the entire array as modified, which if saved, will store it as a $set operation,
       * potentially overwritting any changes that happen between when you retrieved the object
       * and when you save it.
       */
      unshift(...args: any[]): number;
    }

    /*
      * section types/documentarray.js
      * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#types-documentarray-js
      */
    class DocumentArray<T extends MongooseDocument> extends Types.Array<T> {
      /**
       * Creates a subdocument casted to this schema.
       * This is the same subdocument constructor used for casting.
       * @param obj the value to cast to this arrays SubDocument schema
       */
      create(obj: Object): Subdocument;

      /**
       * Searches array items for the first document with a matching _id.
       * @returns the subdocument or null if not found.
       */
      id(id: ObjectId | string | number | NativeBuffer): Embedded;

      /** Helper for console.log */
      inspect(): T[];

      /**
       * Returns a native js Array of plain js objects
       * @param options optional options to pass to each documents toObject
       *   method call during conversion
       */
      toObject(options?: Object): T[];
    }

    /*
     * section types/buffer.js
     * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#types-buffer-js
     */
    class Buffer extends global.Buffer {
      /**
       * Copies the buffer.
       * Buffer#copy does not mark target as modified so you must copy
       * from a MongooseBuffer for it to work as expected. This is a
       * work around since copy modifies the target, not this.
       */
      copy(target: NativeBuffer, ...nodeBufferArgs: any[]): number;

      /** Determines if this buffer is equals to other buffer */
      equals(other: NativeBuffer): boolean;

      /** Sets the subtype option and marks the buffer modified. */
      subtype(subtype: number): void;

      /** Converts this buffer to its Binary type representation. */
      toObject(subtype?: number): mongodb.Binary;

      /** Writes the buffer. */
      write(string: string, ...nodeBufferArgs: any[]): number;
    }

    /*
      * section types/objectid.js
      * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#types-objectid-js
      */
    class ObjectId extends mongodb.ObjectID {}

    /*
      * section types/embedded.js
      * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#types-embedded-js
      */
    class Embedded extends MongooseDocument {
      /** Helper for console.log */
      inspect(): Object;

      /**
       * Marks a path as invalid, causing validation to fail.
       * @param path the field to invalidate
       * @param err error which states the reason path was invalid
       */
      invalidate(path: string, err: string | NativeError): boolean;

      /** Returns the top level document of this sub-document. */
      ownerDocument(): MongooseDocument;
      /** Returns this sub-documents parent document. */
      parent(): MongooseDocument;
      /** Returns this sub-documents parent array. */
      parentArray(): DocumentArray<MongooseDocument>;

      /** Removes the subdocument from its parent array. */
      remove(options?: {
        noop?: boolean;
      }, fn?: (err: any) => void): this;

      /**
       * Marks the embedded doc modified.
       * @param path the path which changed
       */
      markModified(path: string): void;
    }
  }

  /*
   * section query.js
   * http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#query-js
   *
   * Query<T> is for backwards compatibility. Example: Query<T>.find() returns Query<T[]>.
   * If later in the query chain a method returns Query<T>, we will need to know type T.
   * So we save this type as the second type parameter in DocumentQuery. Since people have
   * been using Query<T>, we set it as an alias of DocumentQuery.
   */
  class Query<T> extends DocumentQuery<T, any> {}
  class DocumentQuery<T, DocType extends Document> extends mquery {
    /**
     * Specifies a javascript function or expression to pass to MongoDBs query system.
     * Only use $where when you have a condition that cannot be met using other MongoDB
     * operators like $lt. Be sure to read about all of its caveats before using.
     * @param js javascript string or function
     */
    $where(js: string | Function): this;

    /**
     * Specifies an $all query condition.
     * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to where() is used.
     */
    all(val: number): this;
    all(path: string, val: number): this;

    /**
     * Specifies arguments for a $and condition.
     * @param array array of conditions
     */
    and(array: Object[]): this;

    /** Specifies the batchSize option. Cannot be used with distinct() */
    batchSize(val: number): this;

    /**
     * Specifies a $box condition
     * @param Upper Right Coords
     */
    box(val: Object): this;
    box(lower: number[], upper: number[]): this;

    /** Casts this query to the schema of model, If obj is present, it is cast instead of this query.*/
    cast(model: any, obj?: Object): Object;

    /**
     * Executes the query returning a Promise which will be
     * resolved with either the doc(s) or rejected with the error.
     * Like .then(), but only takes a rejection handler.
     */
    catch<TRes>(reject?: (err: any) => void | TRes | PromiseLike<TRes>): Promise<TRes>;

    /**
     * DEPRECATED Alias for circle
     * Specifies a $center or $centerSphere condition.
     * @deprecated Use circle instead.
     */
    center(area: Object): this;
    center(path: string, area: Object): this;

    /**
     * DEPRECATED Specifies a $centerSphere condition
     * @deprecated Use circle instead.
     */
    centerSphere(path: string, val: Object): this;
    centerSphere(val: Object): this;

    /** Specifies a $center or $centerSphere condition. */
    circle(area: Object): this;
    circle(path: string, area: Object): this;

    /** Specifies the comment option. Cannot be used with distinct() */
    comment(val: string): this;

    /**
     * Specifying this query as a count query. Passing a callback executes the query.
     * @param criteria mongodb selector
     */
    count(callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): Query<number>;
    count(criteria: Object, callback?: (err: any, count: number) => void): Query<number>;

    /**
     * Returns a wrapper around a mongodb driver cursor. A Query<T>Cursor exposes a
     * Streams3-compatible interface, as well as a .next() function.
     */
    cursor(options?: Object): QueryCursor<DocType>;

    /** Declares or executes a distict() operation. Passing a callback executes the query. */
    distinct(callback?: (err: any, res: any[]) => void): Query<any[]>;
    distinct(field: string, callback?: (err: any, res: any[]) => void): Query<any[]>;
    distinct(field: string, criteria: Object | Query<any>,
      callback?: (err: any, res: any[]) => void): Query<any[]>;

    /** Specifies an $elemMatch condition */
    elemMatch(criteria: (elem: Query<any>) => void): this;
    elemMatch(criteria: Object): this;
    elemMatch(path: string | Object | Function, criteria: (elem: Query<any>) => void): this;
    elemMatch(path: string | Object | Function, criteria: Object): this;

    /** Specifies the complementary comparison value for paths specified with where() */
    equals(val: Object): this;

    /** Executes the query */
    exec(callback?: (err: any, res: T) => void): Promise<T>;
    exec(operation: string | Function, callback?: (err: any, res: T) => void): Promise<T>;

    /** Specifies an $exists condition */
    exists(val?: boolean): this;
    exists(path: string, val?: boolean): this;

    /**
     * Finds documents. When no callback is passed, the query is not executed. When the
     * query is executed, the result will be an array of documents.
     * @param criteria mongodb selector
     */
    find(callback?: (err: any, res: DocType[]) => void): DocumentQuery<DocType[], DocType>;
    find(criteria: Object,
      callback?: (err: any, res: DocType[]) => void): DocumentQuery<DocType[], DocType>;

    /**
     * Declares the query a findOne operation. When executed, the first found document is
     * passed to the callback. Passing a callback executes the query. The result of the query
     * is a single document.
     * @param criteria mongodb selector
     * @param projection optional fields to return
     */
    findOne(callback?: (err: any, res: DocType) => void): DocumentQuery<DocType, DocType>;
    findOne(criteria: Object,
      callback?: (err: any, res: DocType) => void): DocumentQuery<DocType, DocType>;

    /**
     * Issues a mongodb findAndModify remove command.
     * Finds a matching document, removes it, passing the found document (if any) to the
     * callback. Executes immediately if callback is passed.
     */
    findOneAndRemove(callback?: (error: any, doc: DocType, result: any) => void): DocumentQuery<DocType, DocType>;
    findOneAndRemove(conditions: Object,
      callback?: (error: any, doc: DocType, result: any) => void): DocumentQuery<DocType, DocType>;
    findOneAndRemove(conditions: Object, options: QueryFindOneAndRemoveOptions,
      callback?: (error: any, doc: DocType, result: any) => void): DocumentQuery<DocType, DocType>;

    /**
     * Issues a mongodb findAndModify update command.
     * Finds a matching document, updates it according to the update arg, passing any options, and returns
     * the found document (if any) to the callback. The query executes immediately if callback is passed.
     */
    findOneAndUpdate(callback?: (err: any, doc: DocType) => void): DocumentQuery<DocType, DocType>;
    findOneAndUpdate(update: Object,
      callback?: (err: any, doc: DocType) => void): DocumentQuery<DocType, DocType>;
    findOneAndUpdate(query: Object | Query<any>, update: Object,
      callback?: (err: any, doc: DocType) => void): DocumentQuery<DocType, DocType>;
    findOneAndUpdate(query: Object | Query<any>, update: Object, options: QueryFindOneAndUpdateOptions,
      callback?: (err: any, doc: DocType) => void): DocumentQuery<DocType, DocType>;

    /**
     * Specifies a $geometry condition. geometry() must come after either intersects() or within().
     * @param object Must contain a type property which is a String and a coordinates property which
     *   is an Array. See the examples.
     */
    geometry(object: { type: string, coordinates: any[] }): this;

    /**
     * Returns the current query conditions as a JSON object.
     * @returns current query conditions
     */
    getQuery(): any;

    /**
     * Returns the current update operations as a JSON object.
     * @returns current update operations
     */
    getUpdate(): any;

    /**
     * Specifies a $gt query condition.
     * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to where() is used.
     */
    gt(val: number): this;
    gt(path: string, val: number): this;

    /**
     * Specifies a $gte query condition.
     * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to where() is used.
     */
    gte(val: number): this;
    gte(path: string, val: number): this;

    /**
     * Sets query hints.
     * @param val a hint object
     */
    hint(val: Object): this;

    /**
     * Specifies an $in query condition.
     * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to where() is used.
     */
    in(val: any[]): this;
    in(path: string, val: any[]): this;

    /** Declares an intersects query for geometry(). MUST be used after where(). */
    intersects(arg?: Object): this;

    /**
     * Sets the lean option.
     * Documents returned from queries with the lean option enabled are plain
     * javascript objects, not MongooseDocuments. They have no save method,
     * getters/setters or other Mongoose magic applied.
     * @param bool defaults to true
     */
    lean(bool?: boolean): Query<Object>;

    /** Specifies the maximum number of documents the query will return. Cannot be used with distinct() */
    limit(val: number): this;

    /**
     * Specifies a $lt query condition.
     * When called with one argument, the most recent path passed to where() is used.
     */
    lt(val: number): this;
    lt(path: string, val: number): this;

    /**
     * Specifies a $lte query condition.
     * When called with one argument, the most recent path pas