d3-geo-projection

# d3-geo-projection Extended geographic projections for [d3-geo](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo). See [Command-Line Cartography](https://medium.com/@mbostock/command-line-cartography-part-1-897aa8f8ca2c) for an introduction. ## Installing If you use npm, `npm install d3-geo-projection`. You can also download the [latest release on GitHub](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/releases/latest). For vanilla HTML in modern browsers, import d3-geo-projection from Skypack: ```html <script type="module"> import {geoAitoff} from "https://cdn.skypack.dev/d3-geo-projection@4"; const projection = geoAitoff(); </script> ``` For legacy environments, you can load d3-geo-projection’s UMD bundle from an npm-based CDN such as jsDelivr; a `d3` global is exported: ```html <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/d3-array@3"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/d3-geo@3"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/d3-geo-projection@4"></script> <script> const projection = d3.geoAitoff(); </script> ``` ## API Reference * [Projections](#projections) * [Interrupted Projections](#interrupted-projections) * [Polyhedral Projections](#polyhedral-projections) * [Quincuncial Projections](#quincuncial-projections) * [Transformations](#transformations) ### Projections Note: projections tagged \[d3-geo\] are exported by [d3-geo](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo), not d3-geo-projection. These commonly-used projections are also included in the [d3](https://github.com/d3/d3) default bundle. <a href="#geoAiry" name="geoAiry">#</a> d3.geoAiry() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/airy.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/airys-minimum-error) <a href="#geoAiryRaw" name="geoAiryRaw">#</a> d3.geoAiryRaw(beta) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/airy.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/airys-minimum-error) Airy’s minimum-error azimuthal projection. <a href="airy_radius" name="airy_raidus">#</a> airy.radius([radius]) Defaults to 90°. <a href="#geoAitoff" name="geoAitoff">#</a> d3.geoAitoff() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/aitoff.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/aitoff) <a href="#geoAitoffRaw" name="geoAitoffRaw">#</a> d3.geoAitoffRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/aitoff.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/aitoff) The Aitoff projection. <a href="#geoAlbers" name="geoAlbers">#</a> d3.geoAlbers() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/src/projection/albers.js) [\[d3-geo\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#geoAlbers) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/master/img/albers.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-equal-area) Albers’ [equal-area conic projection](#geoConicEqualArea). <a href="#geoArmadillo" name="geoArmadillo">#</a> d3.geoArmadillo() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/armadillo.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/armadillo) <a href="#geoArmadilloRaw" name="geoArmadilloRaw">#</a> d3.geoArmadilloRaw(phi0) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/armadillo.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/armadillo) The armadillo projection. The default center assumes the default [parallel](#armadillo_parallel) of 20° and should be changed if a different parallel is used. Note: requires clipping to the sphere. <a href="#armadillo_parallel" name="armadillo_parallel">#</a> armadillo.parallel([parallel]) Defaults to 20°. <a href="#geoAugust" name="geoAugust">#</a> d3.geoAugust() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/august.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/august) <a href="#geoAugustRaw" name="geoAugustRaw">#</a> d3.geoAugustRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/august.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/august) August’s epicycloidal conformal projection. <a href="#geoAzimuthalEqualArea" name="geoAzimuthalEqualArea">#</a> d3.geoAzimuthalEqualArea() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/src/projection/azimuthalEqualArea.js) [\[d3-geo\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#geoAzimuthalEqualArea), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/azimuthal-equal-area) <a href="#geoAzimuthalEqualAreaRaw" name="geoAzimuthalEqualAreaRaw">#</a> d3.geoAzimuthalEqualAreaRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/master/img/azimuthalEqualArea.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/azimuthal-equal-area) The Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection. <a href="#geoAzimuthalEquidistant" name="geoAzimuthalEquidistant">#</a> d3.geoAzimuthalEquidistant() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/src/projection/azimuthalEquidistant.js) [\[d3-geo\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#geoAzimuthalEquidistant), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/azimuthal-equidistant) <a href="#geoAzimuthalEquidistantRaw" name="geoAzimuthalEquidistantRaw">#</a> d3.geoAzimuthalEquidistantRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/master/img/azimuthalEquidistant.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/azimuthal-equidistant) The azimuthal equidistant projection. <a href="#geoBaker" name="geoBaker">#</a> d3.geoBaker() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/baker.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/baker-dinomic) <a href="#geoBakerRaw" name="geoBakerRaw">#</a> d3.geoBakerRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/baker.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/baker-dinomic) The Baker Dinomic projection. <a href="#geoBerghaus" name="geoBerghaus">#</a> d3.geoBerghaus() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/berghaus.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/berghaus-star) <a href="#geoBerghausRaw" name="geoBerghausRaw">#</a> d3.geoBerghausRaw(lobes) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/berghaus.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/berghaus-star) Berghaus’ star projection. The default center assumes the default [lobe number](#berghaus_lobes) of 5 and should be changed if a different number of lobes is used. Note: requires clipping to the sphere. <a href="#berghaus_lobes" name="berghaus_lobes">#</a> berghaus.lobes([lobes]) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/berghaus.js) If *lobes* is specified, sets the number of lobes in the resulting star, and returns this projection. If *lobes* is not specified, returns the current lobe number, which defaults to 5. <a href="#geoBertin1953" name="geoBertin1953">#</a> d3.geoBertin1953() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/bertin.js) <a href="#geoBertin1953Raw" name="geoBertin1953Raw">#</a> d3.geoBertin1953Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/bertin1953.png" width="480" height="250">](https://visionscarto.net/bertin-projection-1953) Jacques Bertin’s 1953 projection. <a href="#geoBoggs" name="geoBoggs">#</a> d3.geoBoggs() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/boggs.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/boggs-eumorphic) <a href="#geoBoggsRaw" name="geoBoggsRaw">#</a> d3.geoBoggsRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/boggs.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/boggs-eumorphic) The Boggs eumorphic projection. More commonly used in [interrupted form](#geoInterruptedBoggs). <a href="#geoBonne" name="geoBonne">#</a> d3.geoBonne() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/bonne.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/bonne) <a href="#geoBonneRaw" name="geoBonneRaw">#</a> d3.geoBonneRaw(phi0) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/bonne.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/bonne) The Bonne pseudoconical equal-area projection. The [Werner projection](https://observablehq.com/@d3/werner) is a limiting form of the Bonne projection with a standard parallel at ±90°. The default center assumes the default [parallel](#bonne_parallel) of 45° and should be changed if a different parallel is used. <a href="#bonne_parallel" name="bonne_parallel">#</a> bonne.parallel([parallel]) Defaults to 45°. <a href="#geoBottomley" name="geoBottomley">#</a> d3.geoBottomley() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/bottomley.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/bottomley) <a href="#geoBottomleyRaw" name="geoBottomleyRaw">#</a> d3.geoBottomleyRaw(sinPsi) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/bottomley.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/bottomley) The [Bottomley projection](https://cybergeo.revues.org/3977) “draws lines of latitude as concentric circular arcs, with arc lengths equal to their lengths on the globe, and placed symmetrically and equally spaced across the vertical central meridian.” <a href="#bottomley_fraction" name="bottomley_fraction">#</a> bottomley.fraction([fraction]) Defaults to 0.5, corresponding to a sin(ψ) where ψ = π/6. <a href="#geoBromley" name="geoBromley">#</a> d3.geoBromley() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/bromley.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/bromley) <a href="#geoBromleyRaw" name="geoBromleyRaw">#</a> d3.geoBromleyRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/bromley.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/bromley) The Bromley projection is a rescaled [Mollweide projection](#geoMollweide). <a href="#geoChamberlin" name="geoChamberlin">#</a> d3.geoChamberlin(point0, point1, point2) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/chamberlin.js) <a href="#geoChamberlinRaw" name="geoChamberlinRaw">#</a> d3.geoChamberlinRaw(p0, p1, p2) The Chamberlin trimetric projection. This method does not support [*projection*.rotate](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#projection_rotate): the three reference points implicitly determine a fixed rotation. <a href="#geoChamberlinAfrica" name="geoChamberlinAfrica">#</a> d3.geoChamberlinAfrica() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/chamberlin.js) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/chamberlinAfrica.png" width="480" height="250">](https://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/5625053) The Chamberlin projection for Africa using points [0°, 22°], [45°, 22°], [22.5°, -22°]. <a href="#geoCollignon" name="geoCollignon">#</a> d3.geoCollignon() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/collignon.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/collignon) <a href="#geoCollignonRaw" name="geoCollignonRaw">#</a> d3.geoCollignonRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/collignon.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/collignon) The Collignon equal-area pseudocylindrical projection. This projection is used in the polar areas of the [HEALPix projection](#geoHealpix). <a href="#geoConicConformal" name="geoConicConformal">#</a> d3.geoConicConformal() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/src/projection/conicConformal.js) [\[d3-geo\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#geoConicConformal), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-conformal) <a href="#geoConicConformalRaw" name="geoConicConformalRaw">#</a> d3.geoConicConformalRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/master/img/conicConformal.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-conformal) The Lambert conformal conic projection. <a href="#geoConicEqualArea" name="geoConicEqualArea">#</a> d3.geoConicEqualArea() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/src/projection/conicEqualArea.js) [\[d3-geo\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#geoConicEqualArea), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-equal-area) <a href="#geoConicEqualAreaRaw" name="geoConicEqualAreaRaw">#</a> d3.geoConicEqualAreaRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/master/img/conicEqualArea.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-equal-area) Albers’ conic equal-area projection. <a href="#geoConicEquidistant" name="geoConicEquidistant">#</a> d3.geoConicEquidistant() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/src/projection/conicEquidistant.js) [\[d3-geo\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#geoConicEquidistant), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-equidistant) <a href="#geoConicEquidistantRaw" name="geoConicEquidistantRaw">#</a> d3.geoConicEquidistantRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/master/img/conicEquidistant.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-equidistant) The conic equidistant projection. <a href="#geoCraig" name="geoCraig">#</a> d3.geoCraig() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/craig.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/craig) <a href="#geoCraigRaw" name="geoCraigRaw">#</a> d3.geoCraigRaw(phi) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/craig.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/craig) The Craig retroazimuthal projection. Note: this projection tends to [fold over itself](https://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/4459716) if the [standard parallel](#craig_parallel) is non-zero; we have not yet implemented the necessary advanced clipping to avoid overlap. <a href="#craig_parallel" name="craig_parallel">#</a> craig.parallel([parallel]) Defaults to 0°. <a href="#geoCraster" name="geoCraster">#</a> d3.geoCraster() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/craster.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/craster) <a href="#geoCrasterRaw" name="geoCrasterRaw">#</a> d3.geoCrasterRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/craster.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/craster) The Craster parabolic projection; also known as Putniņš P4. <a href="#geoCylindricalEqualArea" name="geoCylindricalEqualArea">#</a> d3.geoCylindricalEqualArea() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/cylindricalEqualArea.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@mbostock/cylindrical-equal-area-projections) <a href="#geoCylindricalEqualAreaRaw" name="geoCylindricalEqualAreaRaw">#</a> d3.geoCylindricalEqualAreaRaw(phi0) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/cylindricalEqualArea.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@mbostock/cylindrical-equal-area-projections) The cylindrical equal-area projection. Depending on the chosen [parallel](#cylindricalEqualArea_parallel), this projection is also known as the Lambert cylindrical equal-area (0°), Behrmann (30°), Hobo–Dyer (37.5°), Gall–Peters (45°), Balthasart (50°) and Tobler world-in-a-square (~55.654°). <a href="#cylindricalEqualArea_parallel" name="cylindricalEqualArea_parallel">#</a> cylindricalEqualArea.parallel([parallel]) Defaults to approximately 38.58°, fitting the world in a 960×500 rectangle. <a href="#geoCylindricalStereographic" name="geoCylindricalStereographic">#</a> d3.geoCylindricalStereographic() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/cylindricalStereographic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/cylindrical-stereographic) <a href="#geoCylindricalStereographicRaw" name="geoCylindricalStereographicRaw">#</a> d3.geoCylindricalStereographicRaw(phi0) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/cylindricalStereographic.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/cylindrical-stereographic) The cylindrical stereographic projection. Depending on the chosen [parallel](#cylindricalStereographic_parallel), this projection is also known as Braun’s stereographic (0°) and Gall’s stereographic (45°). <a href="#cylindricalStereographic_parallel" name="cylindricalStereographic_parallel">#</a> cylindricalStereographic.parallel([parallel]) Defaults to 0°. <a href="#geoEckert1" name="geoEckert1">#</a> d3.geoEckert1() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/eckert1.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-i) <a href="#geoEckert1Raw" name="geoEckert1Raw">#</a> d3.geoEckert1Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/eckert1.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-i) The Eckert I projection. <a href="#geoEckert2" name="geoEckert2">#</a> d3.geoEckert2() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/eckert2.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-ii) <a href="#geoEckert2Raw" name="geoEckert2Raw">#</a> d3.geoEckert2Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/eckert2.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-ii) The Eckert II projection. <a href="#geoEckert3" name="geoEckert3">#</a> d3.geoEckert3() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/eckert3.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-iii) <a href="#geoEckert3Raw" name="geoEckert3Raw">#</a> d3.geoEckert3Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/eckert3.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-iii) The Eckert III projection. <a href="#geoEckert4" name="geoEckert4">#</a> d3.geoEckert4() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/eckert4.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-iv) <a href="#geoEckert4Raw" name="geoEckert4Raw">#</a> d3.geoEckert4Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/eckert4.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-iv) The Eckert IV projection. <a href="#geoEckert5" name="geoEckert5">#</a> d3.geoEckert5() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/eckert5.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-v) <a href="#geoEckert5Raw" name="geoEckert5Raw">#</a> d3.geoEckert5Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/eckert5.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-v) The Eckert V projection. <a href="#geoEckert6" name="geoEckert6">#</a> d3.geoEckert6() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/eckert6.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-vi) <a href="#geoEckert6Raw" name="geoEckert6Raw">#</a> d3.geoEckert6Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/eckert6.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-vi) The Eckert VI projection. <a href="#geoEisenlohr" name="geoEisenlohr">#</a> d3.geoEisenlohr() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/eisenlohr.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eisenlohr) <a href="#geoEisenlohrRaw" name="geoEisenlohrRaw">#</a> d3.geoEisenlohrRaw(lambda, phi) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/eisenlohr.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eisenlohr) The Eisenlohr conformal projection. <a href="#geoEquirectangular" name="geoEquirectangular">#</a> d3.geoEquirectangular() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/src/projection/equirectangular.js) [\[d3-geo\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#geoEquirectangular), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/equirectangular) <a href="#geoEquirectangularRaw" name="geoEquirectangularRaw">#</a> d3.geoEquirectangularRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/master/img/equirectangular.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/equirectangular) The equirectangular (plate carrée) projection. The [Cassini projection](https://observablehq.com/@d3/cassini) is the transverse aspect of the equirectangular projection. <a href="#geoFahey" name="geoFahey">#</a> d3.geoFahey() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/fahey.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/fahey) <a href="#geoFaheyRaw" name="geoFaheyRaw">#</a> d3.geoFaheyRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/fahey.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/fahey) The Fahey pseudocylindrical projection. <a href="#geoFoucaut" name="geoFoucaut">#</a> d3.geoFoucaut() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/foucaut.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/foucaut) <a href="#geoFoucautRaw" name="geoFoucautRaw">#</a> d3.geoFoucautRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/foucaut.png" width="480" height="250">](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/foucaut/) Foucaut’s stereographic equivalent projection. <a href="#geoFoucautSinusoidal" name="geoFoucautSinusoidal">#</a> d3.geoFoucautSinusoidal() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/foucautSinusoidal.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/foucaut-sinusoidal) <a href="#geoFoucautSinusoidalRaw" name="geoFoucautSinusoidalRaw">#</a> d3.geoFoucautSinusoidalRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/foucautSinusoidal.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/foucaut-sinusoidal) Foucaut’s sinusoidal projection, an equal-area average of the sinusoidal and Lambert’s cylindrical projections. <a href="#foucautSinusoidal_alpha" name="foucautSinusoidal_alpha">#</a> foucautSinusoidal.alpha([alpha]) Relative weight of the cylindrical projection. Defaults to 0.5. <a href="#geoGilbert" name="geoGilbert">#</a> d3.geoGilbert([type]) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/gilbert.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gilbert) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/gilbert.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gilbert) Gilbert’s two-world perspective projection. Wraps an instance of the specified projection *type*; if not specified, defaults to [d3.geoOrthographic](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#geoOrthographic). <a href="#geoGingery" name="geoGingery">#</a> d3.geoGingery() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/gingery.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gingery) <a href="#geoGingeryRaw" name="geoGingeryRaw">#</a> d3.geoGingeryRaw(rho, lobes) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/gingery.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gingery) The U.S.-centric Gingery world projection, as inspired by Cram’s Air Age. Note: requires clipping to the sphere. <a href="#gingery_radius" name="gingery_radius">#</a> gingery.radius([radius]) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/gingery.js) Defaults to 30°. <a href="#gingery_lobes" name="gingery_lobes">#</a> gingery.lobes([lobes]) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/gingery.js) Defaults to 6. <a href="#geoGinzburg4" name="geoGinzburg4">#</a> d3.geoGinzburg4() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/ginzburg4.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-iv) <a href="#geoGinzburg4Raw" name="geoGinzburg4Raw">#</a> d3.geoGinzburg4Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/ginzburg4.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-iv) The Ginzburg IV projection. <a href="#geoGinzburg5" name="geoGinzburg5">#</a> d3.geoGinzburg5() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/ginzburg5.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-v) <a href="#geoGinzburg5Raw" name="geoGinzburg5Raw">#</a> d3.geoGinzburg5Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/ginzburg5.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-v) The Ginzburg V projection. <a href="#geoGinzburg6" name="geoGinzburg6">#</a> d3.geoGinzburg6() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/ginzburg6.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-vi) <a href="#geoGinzburg6Raw" name="geoGinzburg6Raw">#</a> d3.geoGinzburg6Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/ginzburg6.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-vi) The Ginzburg VI projection. <a href="#geoGinzburg8" name="geoGinzburg8">#</a> d3.geoGinzburg8() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/ginzburg8.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-viii) <a href="#geoGinzburg8Raw" name="geoGinzburg8Raw">#</a> d3.geoGinzburg8Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/ginzburg8.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-viii) The Ginzburg VIII projection. <a href="#geoGinzburg9" name="geoGinzburg9">#</a> d3.geoGinzburg9() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/ginzburg9.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-ix) <a href="#geoGinzburg9Raw" name="geoGinzburg9Raw">#</a> d3.geoGinzburg9Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/ginzburg9.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-ix) The Ginzburg IX projection. <a href="#geoGnomonic" name="geoGnomonic">#</a> d3.geoGnomonic() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/src/projection/gnomonic.js) [\[d3-geo\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#geoGnomonic), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gnomonic) <a href="#geoGnomonicRaw" name="geoGnomonicRaw">#</a> d3.geoGnomonicRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/master/img/gnomonic.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gnomonic) The gnomonic projection. <a href="#geoGringorten" name="geoGringorten">#</a> d3.geoGringorten() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/gringorten.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gringorten) <a href="#geoGringortenRaw" name="geoGringortenRaw">#</a> d3.geoGringortenRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/gringorten.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gringorten) The Gringorten square equal-area projection, rearranged to give each hemisphere an entire square. <a href="#geoGuyou" name="geoGuyou">#</a> d3.geoGuyou() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/guyou.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/guyou) <a href="#geoGuyouRaw" name="geoGuyouRaw">#</a> d3.geoGuyouRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/guyou.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/guyou) The Guyou hemisphere-in-a-square projection. Peirce is credited with its [quincuncial form](#geoPeirceQuincuncial). <a href="#geoHammer" name="geoHammer">#</a> d3.geoHammer() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/hammer.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hammer) <a href="#geoHammerRaw" name="geoHammerRaw">#</a> d3.geoHammerRaw(A, B) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/hammer.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hammer) The Hammer projection. Depending the chosen coefficient and aspect, also known as [Eckert–Greifendorff](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hammer?b=4), [quartic authalic](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hammer?b=Infinity), and [Briesemeister](https://observablehq.com/@d3/briesemeister-projection). <a href="#hammer_coefficient" name="hammer_coefficient">#</a> hammer.coefficient([coefficient]) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/hammer.js) Defaults to 2. <a href="#geoHammerRetroazimuthal" name="geoHammerRetroazimuthal">#</a> d3.geoHammerRetroazimuthal() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/hammerRetroazimuthal.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hammer-retroazimuthal) <a href="#geoHammerRetroazimuthalRaw" name="geoHammerRetroazimuthalRaw">#</a> d3.geoHammerRetroazimuthalRaw(phi0) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/hammerRetroazimuthal.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hammer-retroazimuthal) The Hammer retroazimuthal projection. Note: requires clipping to the sphere. <a href="#hammerRetroazimuthal_parallel" name="hammerRetroazimuthal_parallel">#</a> hammerRetroazimuthal.parallel([parallel]) Defaults to 45°. <a href="#geoHealpix" name="geoHealpix">#</a> d3.geoHealpix() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/healpix.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/healpix) <a href="#geoHealpixRaw" name="geoHealpixRaw">#</a> d3.geoHealpixRaw(lobes) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/healpix.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/healpix) The HEALPix projection: a Hierarchical Equal Area isoLatitude Pixelisation of a 2-sphere. In this implementation, the parameter *K* is fixed at 3. Note: requires clipping to the sphere. <a href="#healpix_lobes" name="healpix_lobes">#</a> healpix.lobes([lobes]) If *lobes* is specified, sets the number of lobes (the parameter *H* in the literature) and returns this projection. If *lobes* is not specified, returns the current lobe number, which defaults to 4. <a href="#geoHill" name="geoHill">#</a> d3.geoHill() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/hill.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hill-eucyclic) <a href="#geoHillRaw" name="geoHillRaw">#</a> d3.geoHillRaw(K) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/hill.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hill-eucyclic) Hill eucyclic projection is pseudoconic and equal-area. <a href="hill_ratio" name="hill_ratio">#</a> hill.ratio([ratio]) Defaults to 1. With a ratio of 0, this projection becomes the [Maurer No. 73](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hill-eucyclic?b=0). As it approaches ∞, the projection converges to the [Eckert IV](#geoEckert4). <a href="#geoHomolosine" name="geoHomolosine">#</a> d3.geoHomolosine() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/homolosine.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/goode-homolosine) <a href="#geoHomolosineRaw" name="geoHomolosineRaw">#</a> d3.geoHomolosineRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/homolosine.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/goode-homolosine) The pseudocylindrical, equal-area Goode homolosine projection is normally presented in [interrupted form](#geoInterruptedHomolosine). <a href="#geoHufnagel" name="geoHufnagel">#</a> d3.geoHufnagel() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/hufnagel.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@fil/hufnagel-projection) <a href="#geoHufnagelRaw" name="geoHufnagelRaw">#</a> d3.geoHufnagelRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/hufnagel.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@fil/hufnagel-projection) A customizable family of pseudocylindrical equal-area projections by Herbert Hufnagel. <a href="#hufnagel_a" name="hufnagel_a">#</a> hufnagel.a([a]) <a href="#hufnagel_b" name="hufnagel_b">#</a> hufnagel.b([b]) <a href="#hufnagel_psiMax" name="hufnagel_psiMax">#</a> hufnagel.psiMax([psiMax]) <a href="#hufnagel_ratio" name="hufnagel_ratio">#</a> hufnagel.ratio([ratio]) <a href="#geoHyperelliptical" name="geoHyperelliptical">#</a> d3.geoHyperelliptical() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/hyperelliptical.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@fil/toblers-hyperelliptical-projection) <a href="#geoHyperellipticalRaw" name="geoHyperellipticalRaw">#</a> d3.geoHyperellipticalRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/hyperelliptical.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@fil/toblers-hyperelliptical-projection) Waldo R. Tobler’s hyperelliptical is a family of equal-area pseudocylindrical projections. Parameters include _k_, the exponent of the superellipse (or Lamé curve) that defines the shape of the meridians (default _k_ = 2.5); _alpha_, which governs the weight of the cylindrical projection that is averaged with the superellipse (default _alpha_ = 0); and _gamma_, that shapes the aspect ratio (default: _gamma_ = 1.183136). <a href="#geoKavrayskiy7" name="geoKavrayskiy7">#</a> d3.geoKavrayskiy7() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/kavrayskiy7.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/kavrayskiy-vii) <a href="#geoKavrayskiy7Raw" name="geoKavrayskiy7Raw">#</a> d3.geoKavrayskiy7Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/kavrayskiy7.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/kavrayskiy-vii) The Kavrayskiy VII pseudocylindrical projection. <a href="#geoLagrange" name="geoLagrange">#</a> d3.geoLagrange() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/lagrange.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/lagrange) <a href="#geoLagrangeRaw" name="geoLagrangeRaw">#</a> d3.geoLagrangeRaw(n) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/lagrange.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/lagrange) The Lagrange conformal projection. <a href="#lagrange_spacing" name="lagrange_spacing">#</a> lagrange.spacing([spacing]) Defaults to 0.5. <a href="#geoLarrivee" name="geoLarrivee">#</a> d3.geoLarrivee() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/larrivee.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/larrivee) <a href="#geoLarriveeRaw" name="geoLarriveeRaw">#</a> d3.geoLarriveeRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/larrivee.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/larrivee) The Larrivée projection. <a href="#geoLaskowski" name="geoLaskowski">#</a> d3.geoLaskowski() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/laskowski.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/laskowski-tri-optimal) <a href="#geoLaskowskiRaw" name="geoLaskowskiRaw">#</a> d3.geoLaskowskiRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/laskowski.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/laskowski-tri-optimal) The Laskowski tri-optimal projection simultaneously minimizes distance, angular, and areal distortion. <a href="#geoLittrow" name="geoLittrow">#</a> d3.geoLittrow() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/littrow.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/littrow) <a href="#geoLittrowRaw" name="geoLittrowRaw">#</a> d3.geoLittrowRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/littrow.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/littrow) The Littrow projection is the only conformal retroazimuthal map projection. Typically clipped to the geographic extent [[-90°, -60°], [90°, 60°]]. <a href="#geoLoximuthal" name="geoLoximuthal">#</a> d3.geoLoximuthal() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/loximuthal.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/loximuthal) <a href="#geoLoximuthalRaw" name="geoLoximuthalRaw">#</a> d3.geoLoximuthalRaw(phi0) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/loximuthal.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/loximuthal) The [loximuthal projection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loximuthal_projection) is “characterized by the fact that loxodromes (rhumb lines) from one chosen central point (the intersection of the central meridian and central latitude) are shown as straight lines, correct in azimuth from the center, and are ‘true to scale’… It is neither an equal-area projection nor conformal.” <a href="#loximuthal_parallel" name="loximuthal_parallel">#</a> loximuthal.parallel([parallel]) Defaults to 40°. <a href="#geoMercator" name="geoMercator">#</a> d3.geoMercator() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/src/projection/mercator.js) [\[d3-geo\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#geoMercator), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/mercator) <a href="#geoMercatorRaw" name="geoMercatorRaw">#</a> d3.geoMercatorRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/master/img/mercator.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/mercator) The spherical Mercator projection. <a href="#geoMiller" name="geoMiller">#</a> d3.geoMiller() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/miller.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/miller) <a href="#geoMillerRaw" name="geoMillerRaw">#</a> d3.geoMillerRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/miller.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/miller) The Miller cylindrical projection is a modified [Mercator](#geoMercator) projection. <a href="#geoModifiedStereographic" name="geoModifiedStereographic">#</a> d3.geoModifiedStereographic(coefficients, rotate) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/modifiedStereographic.js) <a href="#geoModifiedStereographicRaw" name="geoModifiedStereographicRaw">#</a> d3.geoModifiedStereographicRaw(coefficients) The family of [modified stereographic projections](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/modified-stereographic/). The default [clip angle](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#projection_clipAngle) for these projections is 90°. These projections do not support [*projection*.rotate](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#projection_rotate): a fixed rotation is applied that is specific to the given *coefficients*. <a href="#geoModifiedStereographicAlaska" name="geoModifiedStereographicAlaska">#</a> d3.geoModifiedStereographicAlaska() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/modifiedStereographic.js) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/modifiedStereographicAlaska.png" width="480" height="250">](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/modified-stereographic/alaska/) A [modified stereographic](#geoModifiedStereographic) projection for Alaska. <a href="#geoModifiedStereographicGs48" name="geoModifiedStereographicGs48">#</a> d3.geoModifiedStereographicGs48() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/modifiedStereographic.js) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/modifiedStereographicGs48.png" width="480" height="250">](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/modified-stereographic/gs48/) A [modified stereographic](#geoModifiedStereographic) projection for the conterminous United States. <a href="#geoModifiedStereographicGs50" name="geoModifiedStereographicGs50">#</a> d3.geoModifiedStereographicGs50() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/modifiedStereographic.js) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/modifiedStereographicGs50.png" width="480" height="250">](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/modified-stereographic/gs50/) A [modified stereographic](#geoModifiedStereographic) projection for the United States including Alaska and Hawaii. Typically clipped to the geographic extent [[-180°, 15°], [-50°, 75°]]. <a href="#geoModifiedStereographicMiller" name="geoModifiedStereographicMiller">#</a> d3.geoModifiedStereographicMiller() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/modifiedStereographic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/miller-oblated-stereographic) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/modifiedStereographicMiller.png" width="480" height="250">](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/modified-stereographic/miller/) A [modified stereographic](#geoModifiedStereographic) projection for Europe and Africa. Typically clipped to the geographic extent [[-40°, -40°], [80°, 80°]]. <a href="#geoModifiedStereographicLee" name="geoModifiedStereographicLee">#</a> d3.geoModifiedStereographicLee() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/modifiedStereographic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/lee-oblated-stereographic) [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/modifiedStereographicLee.png" width="480" height="250">](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/modified-stereographic/lee/) A [modified stereographic](#geoModifiedStereographic) projection for the Pacific ocean. <a href="#geoMollweide" name="geoMollweide">#</a> d3.geoMollweide() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/mollweide.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/mollweide) <a href="#geoMollweideRaw" name="geoMollweideRaw">#</a> d3.geoMollweideRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/mollweide.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/mollweide) The equal-area, pseudocylindrical Mollweide projection. The oblique aspect is known as the [Atlantis projection](https://observablehq.com/@d3/atlantis). [Goode’s interrupted Mollweide](#interruptedMollweide) is also widely known. <a href="#geoMtFlatPolarParabolic" name="geoMtFlatPolarParabolic">#</a> d3.geoMtFlatPolarParabolic() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/mtFlatPolarParabolic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/flat-polar-parabolic) <a href="#geoMtFlatPolarParabolicRaw" name="geoMtFlatPolarParabolicRaw">#</a> d3.geoMtFlatPolarParabolicRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/mtFlatPolarParabolic.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/flat-polar-parabolic) The McBryde–Thomas flat-polar parabolic pseudocylindrical equal-area projection. <a href="#geoMtFlatPolarQuartic" name="geoMtFlatPolarQuartic">#</a> d3.geoMtFlatPolarQuartic() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/mtFlatPolarQuartic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/flat-polar-quartic) <a href="#geoMtFlatPolarQuarticRaw" name="geoMtFlatPolarQuarticRaw">#</a> d3.geoMtFlatPolarQuarticRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/mtFlatPolarQuartic.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/flat-polar-quartic) The McBryde–Thomas flat-polar quartic pseudocylindrical equal-area projection. <a href="#geoMtFlatPolarSinusoidal" name="geoMtFlatPolarSinusoidal">#</a> d3.geoMtFlatPolarSinusoidal() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/mtFlatPolarSinusoidal.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/flat-polar-sinusoidal) <a href="#geoMtFlatPolarSinusoidalRaw" name="geoMtFlatPolarSinusoidalRaw">#</a> d3.geoMtFlatPolarSinusoidalRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/mtFlatPolarSinusoidal.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/flat-polar-sinusoidal) The McBryde–Thomas flat-polar sinusoidal equal-area projection. <a href="#geoNaturalEarth1" name="geoNaturalEarth1">#</a> d3.geoNaturalEarth1() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/src/projection/naturalEarth1.js) [\[d3-geo\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#geoNaturalEarth1), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/natural-earth) <a href="#geoNaturalEarth1Raw" name="geoNaturalEarth1Raw">#</a> d3.geoNaturalEarth1Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/master/img/naturalEarth1.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/natural-earth) The Natural Earth projection. <a href="#geoNaturalEarth2" name="geoNaturalEarth2">#</a> d3.geoNaturalEarth2() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/naturalEarth2.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/natural-earth-ii) <a href="#geoNaturalEarth2Raw" name="geoNaturalEarth2Raw">#</a> d3.geoNaturalEarth2Raw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/naturalEarth2.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/natural-earth-ii) The [Natural Earth II](http://www.shadedrelief.com/NE2_proj/) projection. Compared to [Natural Earth](#geoNaturalEarth), it is slightly taller and rounder. <a href="#geoNellHammer" name="geoNellHammer">#</a> d3.geoNellHammer() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/nellHammer.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/nell-hammer) <a href="#geoNellHammerRaw" name="geoNellHammerRaw">#</a> d3.geoNellHammerRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/nellHammer.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/nell-hammer) The Nell–Hammer projection. <a href="#geoNicolosi" name="geoNicolosi">#</a> d3.geoNicolosi() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/nicolosi.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@toja/nicolosi-globular-projection) <a href="#geoNicolosiRaw" name="geoNicolosiRaw">#</a> d3.geoNicolosiRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/nicolosi.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@toja/nicolosi-globular-projection) The Nicolosi globular projection. <a href="#geoOrthographic" name="geoOrthographic">#</a> d3.geoOrthographic() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/src/projection/orthographic.js) [\[d3-geo\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/master/README.md#geoOrthographic), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/orthographic) <a href="#geoOrthographicRaw" name="geoOrthographicRaw">#</a> d3.geoOrthographicRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/master/img/orthographic.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/orthographic) The orthographic projection. <a href="#geoPatterson" name="geoPatterson">#</a> d3.geoPatterson() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/patterson.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/patterson-cylindrical) <a href="#geoPattersonRaw" name="geoPattersonRaw">#</a> d3.geoPattersonRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/patterson.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/patterson-cylindrical) The Patterson cylindrical projection. <a href="#geoPolyconic" name="geoPolyconic">#</a> d3.geoPolyconic() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/polyconic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/polyconic) <a href="#geoPolyconicRaw" name="geoPolyconicRaw">#</a> d3.geoPolyconicRaw [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/master/img/polyconic.png" width="480" height="250">](https://observablehq.com/@d3/polyconic) The American polyconic projection. <a href="#geoRectangularPolyconic" name="geoRectangularPolyconic">#</a> d3.geoRectangularPolyconic() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/master/src/rectangularPolyconic.js), [Exampl