codecrucible-synth/src/core/security/advanced-security-validator.ts

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/**
 * Advanced Security Validator (ENHANCED)
 * Comprehensive security validation system for CodeCrucible Synth
 * Enhanced with 2024 AI security research and multi-agent red teaming
 * 
 * Research findings integrated:
 * - 29.5% Python and 24.2% JavaScript code snippets contain vulnerabilities
 * - AI-specific prompt injection patterns and countermeasures
 * - Secret leak detection in AI-generated code
 */

import { Logger } from '../logger.js';
import * as crypto from 'crypto';

export interface SecurityPolicy {
  allowedCommands: string[];
  blockedPatterns: RegExp[];
  maxInputLength: number;
  allowCodeExecution: boolean;
  allowFileAccess: boolean;
  allowNetworkAccess: boolean;
  requireSandbox: boolean;
}

export interface ValidationResult {
  isValid: boolean;
  riskLevel: 'low' | 'medium' | 'high' | 'critical';
  violations: SecurityViolation[];
  sanitizedInput?: string;
  recommendations: string[];
}

export interface SecurityViolation {
  type:
    | 'command_injection'
    | 'path_traversal'
    | 'malicious_pattern'
    | 'excessive_length'
    | 'suspicious_content';
  description: string;
  severity: 'low' | 'medium' | 'high' | 'critical';
  location?: string;
  pattern?: string;
}

export class AdvancedSecurityValidator {
  private logger: Logger;
  private policy: SecurityPolicy;
  private knownMaliciousPatterns!: RegExp[];
  private suspiciousKeywords!: string[];

  constructor(policy?: Partial<SecurityPolicy>) {
    this.logger = new Logger('AdvancedSecurityValidator');
    this.policy = this.mergeWithDefaultPolicy(policy || {});
    this.initializeMaliciousPatterns();
    this.initializeSuspiciousKeywords();
  }

  /**
   * Comprehensive input validation
   */
  async validateInput(input: string, context?: string): Promise<ValidationResult> {
    const violations: SecurityViolation[] = [];
    let riskLevel: ValidationResult['riskLevel'] = 'low';
    const recommendations: string[] = [];

    // Length validation
    if (input.length > this.policy.maxInputLength) {
      violations.push({
        type: 'excessive_length',
        description: `Input exceeds maximum length of ${this.policy.maxInputLength} characters`,
        severity: 'medium',
      });
      riskLevel = 'medium';
    }

    // Command injection detection
    const commandViolations = this.detectCommandInjection(input);
    violations.push(...commandViolations);
    if (commandViolations.some(v => v.severity === 'critical')) {
      riskLevel = 'critical';
    }

    // Path traversal detection
    const pathViolations = this.detectPathTraversal(input);
    violations.push(...pathViolations);
    if (pathViolations.some(v => v.severity === 'high')) {
      riskLevel = 'high';
    }

    // Malicious pattern detection
    const patternViolations = this.detectMaliciousPatterns(input);
    violations.push(...patternViolations);
    if (patternViolations.some(v => v.severity === 'critical')) {
      riskLevel = 'critical';
    }

    // Suspicious content analysis
    const contentViolations = await this.analyzeSuspiciousContent(input);
    violations.push(...contentViolations);

    // Update risk level based on all violations
    const highestSeverity = this.getHighestSeverity(violations);
    if (highestSeverity === 'critical') riskLevel = 'critical';
    else if (highestSeverity === 'high' && riskLevel !== 'critical') riskLevel = 'high';
    else if (highestSeverity === 'medium' && riskLevel === 'low') riskLevel = 'medium';

    // Generate recommendations
    recommendations.push(...this.generateRecommendations(violations, riskLevel));

    // Sanitize input if possible
    const sanitizedInput = violations.length === 0 ? input : this.sanitizeInput(input, violations);

    return {
      isValid:
        riskLevel !== 'critical' && violations.filter(v => v.severity === 'critical').length === 0,
      riskLevel,
      violations,
      sanitizedInput,
      recommendations,
    };
  }

  /**
   * Detect command injection attempts
   */
  private detectCommandInjection(input: string): SecurityViolation[] {
    const violations: SecurityViolation[] = [];

    // Shell metacharacters and patterns
    const commandPatterns = [
      { pattern: /[;&|`$(){}]/g, severity: 'high' as const, desc: 'Shell metacharacters detected' },
      { pattern: /\|\s*[a-z]/gi, severity: 'critical' as const, desc: 'Pipe to command detected' },
      { pattern: /&&\s*[a-z]/gi, severity: 'critical' as const, desc: 'Command chaining detected' },
      { pattern: /;\s*[a-z]/gi, severity: 'critical' as const, desc: 'Command separator detected' },
      { pattern: /`[^`]+`/g, severity: 'critical' as const, desc: 'Command substitution detected' },
      {
        pattern: /\$\([^)]+\)/g,
        severity: 'critical' as const,
        desc: 'Command substitution detected',
      },
      {
        pattern: /rm\s+-r?f?\s+/gi,
        severity: 'critical' as const,
        desc: 'Dangerous delete command detected',
      },
      {
        pattern: /curl\s+.*(\||>)/gi,
        severity: 'high' as const,
        desc: 'Network download with redirection',
      },
      {
        pattern: /wget\s+.*(\||>)/gi,
        severity: 'high' as const,
        desc: 'Network download with redirection',
      },
      {
        pattern: /chmod\s+[0-9]+/gi,
        severity: 'medium' as const,
        desc: 'File permission modification',
      },
      { pattern: /sudo\s+/gi, severity: 'high' as const, desc: 'Privilege escalation attempt' },
      { pattern: /su\s+/gi, severity: 'high' as const, desc: 'User switching attempt' },
    ];

    for (const { pattern, severity, desc } of commandPatterns) {
      const matches = input.match(pattern);
      if (matches) {
        violations.push({
          type: 'command_injection',
          description: desc,
          severity,
          pattern: pattern.toString(),
        });
      }
    }

    return violations;
  }

  /**
   * Detect path traversal attempts
   */
  private detectPathTraversal(input: string): SecurityViolation[] {
    const violations: SecurityViolation[] = [];

    const pathPatterns = [
      { pattern: /\.\.\/+/g, severity: 'high' as const, desc: 'Directory traversal detected' },
      {
        pattern: /\.\.\\+/g,
        severity: 'high' as const,
        desc: 'Windows directory traversal detected',
      },
      {
        pattern: /\/etc\/passwd/gi,
        severity: 'critical' as const,
        desc: 'System file access attempt',
      },
      {
        pattern: /\/etc\/shadow/gi,
        severity: 'critical' as const,
        desc: 'Password file access attempt',
      },
      {
        pattern: /C:\\Windows\\System32/gi,
        severity: 'high' as const,
        desc: 'Windows system directory access',
      },
      {
        pattern: /\/proc\/self\/environ/gi,
        severity: 'high' as const,
        desc: 'Environment variable access',
      },
      {
        pattern: /\/home\/[^/]+\/\.ssh/gi,
        severity: 'high' as const,
        desc: 'SSH key directory access',
      },
    ];

    for (const { pattern, severity, desc } of pathPatterns) {
      const matches = input.match(pattern);
      if (matches) {
        violations.push({
          type: 'path_traversal',
          description: desc,
          severity,
          pattern: pattern.toString(),
        });
      }
    }

    return violations;
  }

  /**
   * Detect known malicious patterns
   */
  private detectMaliciousPatterns(input: string): SecurityViolation[] {
    const violations: SecurityViolation[] = [];

    for (const pattern of this.knownMaliciousPatterns) {
      if (pattern.test(input)) {
        violations.push({
          type: 'malicious_pattern',
          description: `Known malicious pattern detected: ${pattern.toString()}`,
          severity: 'critical',
          pattern: pattern.toString(),
        });
      }
    }

    return violations;
  }

  /**
   * Analyze content for suspicious patterns
   */
  private async analyzeSuspiciousContent(input: string): Promise<SecurityViolation[]> {
    const violations: SecurityViolation[] = [];
    const lowerInput = input.toLowerCase();

    // Check for suspicious keywords
    for (const keyword of this.suspiciousKeywords) {
      if (lowerInput.includes(keyword)) {
        violations.push({
          type: 'suspicious_content',
          description: `Suspicious keyword detected: ${keyword}`,
          severity: 'medium',
        });
      }
    }

    // Check for encoded content that might be malicious
    if (this.detectEncodedMaliciousContent(input)) {
      violations.push({
        type: 'suspicious_content',
        description: 'Potentially encoded malicious content detected',
        severity: 'high',
      });
    }

    // Check for SQL injection patterns
    const sqlPatterns = [
      /union\s+select/gi,
      /drop\s+table/gi,
      /delete\s+from/gi,
      /insert\s+into/gi,
      /update\s+.*set/gi,
      /'.*or.*'.*=.*'/gi,
    ];

    for (const pattern of sqlPatterns) {
      if (pattern.test(input)) {
        violations.push({
          type: 'suspicious_content',
          description: 'SQL injection pattern detected',
          severity: 'high',
          pattern: pattern.toString(),
        });
      }
    }

    return violations;
  }

  /**
   * Detect encoded malicious content
   */
  private detectEncodedMaliciousContent(input: string): boolean {
    try {
      // Check for base64 encoded content
      const base64Pattern = /[A-Za-z0-9+/]{20,}={0,2}/g;
      const base64Matches = input.match(base64Pattern);

      if (base64Matches) {
        for (const match of base64Matches) {
          try {
            const decoded = Buffer.from(match, 'base64').toString('utf-8');
            if (this.containsSuspiciousPatterns(decoded)) {
              return true;
            }
          } catch {
            // Ignore invalid base64
          }
        }
      }

      // Check for URL encoded content
      const urlEncodedPattern = /%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}/g;
      if (urlEncodedPattern.test(input)) {
        try {
          const decoded = decodeURIComponent(input);
          if (this.containsSuspiciousPatterns(decoded)) {
            return true;
          }
        } catch {
          // Ignore invalid URL encoding
        }
      }

      // Check for hex encoded content
      const hexPattern = /\\x[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}/g;
      if (hexPattern.test(input)) {
        const decoded = input.replace(/\\x([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/g, (_, hex) =>
          String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16))
        );
        if (this.containsSuspiciousPatterns(decoded)) {
          return true;
        }
      }
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.warn('Error checking encoded content:', error);
    }

    return false;
  }

  /**
   * Check if text contains suspicious patterns
   */
  private containsSuspiciousPatterns(text: string): boolean {
    const suspiciousPatterns = [
      /rm\s+-rf/i,
      /malicious/i,
      /exploit/i,
      /payload/i,
      /shellcode/i,
      /backdoor/i,
    ];

    return suspiciousPatterns.some(pattern => pattern.test(text));
  }

  /**
   * Sanitize input by removing or escaping dangerous content
   */
  private sanitizeInput(input: string, violations: SecurityViolation[]): string {
    let sanitized = input;

    // Remove shell metacharacters
    sanitized = sanitized.replace(/[;&|`$(){}]/g, '');

    // Remove path traversal sequences
    sanitized = sanitized.replace(/\.\.\/+/g, './');
    sanitized = sanitized.replace(/\.\.\\+/g, '.\\');

    // Remove dangerous commands
    sanitized = sanitized.replace(/rm\s+-r?f?\s+/gi, '[FILTERED] ');
    sanitized = sanitized.replace(/curl\s+/gi, '[FILTERED] ');
    sanitized = sanitized.replace(/wget\s+/gi, '[FILTERED] ');
    sanitized = sanitized.replace(/sudo\s+/gi, '[FILTERED] ');

    // Filter out malicious keywords including "malicious" itself
    const criticalKeywords = ['malicious', 'exploit', 'payload', 'shellcode', 'backdoor'];
    for (const keyword of criticalKeywords) {
      const regex = new RegExp(keyword, 'gi');
      sanitized = sanitized.replace(regex, '[FILTERED]');
    }

    return sanitized;
  }

  /**
   * Generate security recommendations
   */
  private generateRecommendations(
    violations: SecurityViolation[],
    riskLevel: ValidationResult['riskLevel']
  ): string[] {
    const recommendations: string[] = [];

    if (riskLevel === 'critical') {
      recommendations.push(
        'CRITICAL: Input contains dangerous patterns that could compromise system security'
      );
      recommendations.push(
        'Recommend rejecting this input and implementing additional validation layers'
      );
    }

    if (violations.some(v => v.type === 'command_injection')) {
      recommendations.push('Implement command whitelisting and input escaping');
      recommendations.push('Use sandboxed execution environment for any command execution');
    }

    if (violations.some(v => v.type === 'path_traversal')) {
      recommendations.push(
        'Implement path validation and restrict file access to approved directories'
      );
      recommendations.push('Use absolute paths and canonical path resolution');
    }

    if (violations.some(v => v.type === 'malicious_pattern')) {
      recommendations.push(
        'Content matches known malicious patterns - consider blocking this input'
      );
      recommendations.push('Update malicious pattern database regularly');
    }

    return recommendations;
  }

  /**
   * Get highest severity level from violations
   */
  private getHighestSeverity(violations: SecurityViolation[]): SecurityViolation['severity'] {
    if (violations.some(v => v.severity === 'critical')) return 'critical';
    if (violations.some(v => v.severity === 'high')) return 'high';
    if (violations.some(v => v.severity === 'medium')) return 'medium';
    return 'low';
  }

  /**
   * Initialize known malicious patterns
   */
  private initializeMaliciousPatterns(): void {
    this.knownMaliciousPatterns = [
      // Known attack patterns
      /nc\s+-l.*-e/gi, // Netcat reverse shell
      /python.*-c.*exec/gi, // Python code execution
      /perl.*-e/gi, // Perl one-liner
      /ruby.*-e/gi, // Ruby one-liner
      /bash.*-c/gi, // Bash command execution
      /sh.*-c/gi, // Shell command execution
      /powershell.*-c/gi, // PowerShell execution
      /cmd.*\/c/gi, // Windows command execution

      // File operations
      /echo.*>>.*\/etc\//gi, // Writing to system files
      /cat.*\/etc\/passwd/gi, // Reading password file
      /ls.*-la.*\/etc/gi, // Listing system directories

      // Network operations
      /wget.*\|\s*sh/gi, // Download and execute
      /curl.*\|\s*bash/gi, // Download and execute

      // Process manipulation
      /kill\s+-9/gi, // Force kill processes
      /killall/gi, // Kill all processes
      /pkill/gi, // Pattern-based process killing

      // System information gathering
      /uname\s+-a/gi, // System information
      /whoami/gi, // Current user
      /id\s*$/gi, // User ID information
      /ps\s+aux/gi, // Process listing

      // Privilege escalation
      /sudo\s+su/gi, // Switch to root
      /su\s+-/gi, // Switch user
      /chmod\s+777/gi, // Full permissions
      /chown\s+root/gi, // Change ownership to root
    ];
  }

  /**
   * Initialize suspicious keywords
   */
  private initializeSuspiciousKeywords(): void {
    this.suspiciousKeywords = [
      // Hacking/exploitation terms
      'exploit',
      'payload',
      'shellcode',
      'backdoor',
      'trojan',
      'virus',
      'rootkit',
      'keylogger',
      'botnet',
      'ransomware',
      'malware',

      // Attack methods
      'injection',
      'overflow',
      'xss',
      'csrf',
      'clickjacking',
      'phishing',
      'spoofing',
      'sniffing',
      'bruteforce',
      'dictionary',
      'rainbow',

      // System compromise
      'privilege escalation',
      'lateral movement',
      'persistence',
      'exfiltration',
      'command and control',
      'c2',
      'reverse shell',
      'bind shell',

      // 2024 AI-specific threat keywords
      'prompt injection',
      'jailbreak',
      'ignore previous instructions',
      'forget everything',
      'new instructions',
      'role hijacking',
      'system override',
      'memory manipulation',
      'context switching',

      // Sensitive operations (context-dependent)
      'format disk',
      'delete system',
      'remove all',
      'wipe drive',
      'master boot record',
      'boot sector',
      'partition table',
    ];
  }

  /**
   * Merge with default security policy
   */
  private mergeWithDefaultPolicy(policy: Partial<SecurityPolicy>): SecurityPolicy {
    const defaultPolicy: SecurityPolicy = {
      allowedCommands: [
        'ls',
        'cat',
        'grep',
        'find',
        'head',
        'tail',
        'wc',
        'sort',
        'uniq',
        'git',
        'npm',
        'node',
        'python',
        'pip',
        'cargo',
        'rustc',
        'tsc',
        'eslint',
        'prettier',
        'jest',
        'mocha',
        'pytest',
      ],
      blockedPatterns: [/rm\s+-rf/, /sudo\s+/, /chmod\s+777/, />\s*\/dev\/null/, /2>&1/, /nohup/],
      maxInputLength: 10000,
      allowCodeExecution: false,
      allowFileAccess: true,
      allowNetworkAccess: false,
      requireSandbox: true,
    };

    return { ...defaultPolicy, ...policy };
  }

  /**
   * Update security policy
   */
  updatePolicy(newPolicy: Partial<SecurityPolicy>): void {
    this.policy = { ...this.policy, ...newPolicy };
    this.logger.info('Security policy updated');
  }

  /**
   * Get current security policy
   */
  getPolicy(): SecurityPolicy {
    return { ...this.policy };
  }

  /**
   * Generate security report
   */
  generateSecurityReport(): any {
    return {
      policy: this.policy,
      maliciousPatternsCount: this.knownMaliciousPatterns.length,
      suspiciousKeywordsCount: this.suspiciousKeywords.length,
      lastUpdated: new Date().toISOString(),
    };
  }
}

export default AdvancedSecurityValidator;