code-example/txt/sample.go.txt

Language code example.

// We often need our programs to perform operations on
// collections of data, like selecting all items that
// satisfy a given predicate or mapping all items to a new
// collection with a custom function.

// In some languages it's idiomatic to use [generic](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_programming)
// data structures and algorithms. Go does not support
// generics; in Go it's common to provide collection
// functions if and when they are specifically needed for
// your program and data types.

// Here are some example collection functions for slices
// of `strings`. You can use these examples to build your
// own functions. Note that in some cases it may be
// clearest to just inline the collection-manipulating
// code directly, instead of creating and calling a
// helper function.

package main

import "strings"
import "fmt"

// Returns the first index of the target string `t`, or
// -1 if no match is found.
func Index(vs []string, t string) int {
    for i, v := range vs {
        if v == t {
            return i
        }
    }
    return -1
}

// Returns `true` if the target string t is in the
// slice.
func Include(vs []string, t string) bool {
    return Index(vs, t) >= 0
}

// Returns `true` if one of the strings in the slice
// satisfies the predicate `f`.
func Any(vs []string, f func(string) bool) bool {
    for _, v := range vs {
        if f(v) {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}

// Returns `true` if all of the strings in the slice
// satisfy the predicate `f`.
func All(vs []string, f func(string) bool) bool {
    for _, v := range vs {
        if !f(v) {
            return false
        }
    }
    return true
}

// Returns a new slice containing all strings in the
// slice that satisfy the predicate `f`.
func Filter(vs []string, f func(string) bool) []string {
    vsf := make([]string, 0)
    for _, v := range vs {
        if f(v) {
            vsf = append(vsf, v)
        }
    }
    return vsf
}

// Returns a new slice containing the results of applying
// the function `f` to each string in the original slice.
func Map(vs []string, f func(string) string) []string {
    vsm := make([]string, len(vs))
    for i, v := range vs {
        vsm[i] = f(v)
    }
    return vsm
}

func main() {

    // Here we try out our various collection functions.
    var strs = []string{"peach", "apple", "pear", "plum"}

    fmt.Println(Index(strs, "pear"))

    fmt.Println(Include(strs, "grape"))

    fmt.Println(Any(strs, func(v string) bool {
        return strings.HasPrefix(v, "p")
    }))

    fmt.Println(All(strs, func(v string) bool {
        return strings.HasPrefix(v, "p")
    }))

    fmt.Println(Filter(strs, func(v string) bool {
        return strings.Contains(v, "e")
    }))

    // The above examples all used anonymous functions,
    // but you can also use named functions of the correct
    // type.
    fmt.Println(Map(strs, strings.ToUpper))

}