cesium/Source/Core/CesiumTerrainProvider.js

CesiumJS is a JavaScript library for creating 3D globes and 2D maps in a web browser without a plugin.

import when from '../ThirdParty/when.js';
import AttributeCompression from './AttributeCompression.js';
import BoundingSphere from './BoundingSphere.js';
import Cartesian3 from './Cartesian3.js';
import Credit from './Credit.js';
import defaultValue from './defaultValue.js';
import defined from './defined.js';
import DeveloperError from './DeveloperError.js';
import Event from './Event.js';
import GeographicTilingScheme from './GeographicTilingScheme.js';
import WebMercatorTilingScheme from './WebMercatorTilingScheme.js';
import getStringFromTypedArray from './getStringFromTypedArray.js';
import HeightmapTerrainData from './HeightmapTerrainData.js';
import IndexDatatype from './IndexDatatype.js';
import OrientedBoundingBox from './OrientedBoundingBox.js';
import QuantizedMeshTerrainData from './QuantizedMeshTerrainData.js';
import Request from './Request.js';
import RequestType from './RequestType.js';
import Resource from './Resource.js';
import RuntimeError from './RuntimeError.js';
import TerrainProvider from './TerrainProvider.js';
import TileAvailability from './TileAvailability.js';
import TileProviderError from './TileProviderError.js';

    function LayerInformation(layer) {
        this.resource = layer.resource;
        this.version = layer.version;
        this.isHeightmap = layer.isHeightmap;
        this.tileUrlTemplates = layer.tileUrlTemplates;
        this.availability = layer.availability;
        this.hasVertexNormals = layer.hasVertexNormals;
        this.hasWaterMask = layer.hasWaterMask;
        this.hasMetadata = layer.hasMetadata;
        this.availabilityLevels = layer.availabilityLevels;
        this.availabilityTilesLoaded = layer.availabilityTilesLoaded;
        this.littleEndianExtensionSize = layer.littleEndianExtensionSize;
        this.availabilityTilesLoaded = layer.availabilityTilesLoaded;
        this.availabilityPromiseCache = {};
    }

    /**
     * A {@link TerrainProvider} that accesses terrain data in a Cesium terrain format.
     *
     * @alias CesiumTerrainProvider
     * @constructor
     *
     * @param {Object} options Object with the following properties:
     * @param {Resource|String|Promise<Resource>|Promise<String>} options.url The URL of the Cesium terrain server.
     * @param {Boolean} [options.requestVertexNormals=false] Flag that indicates if the client should request additional lighting information from the server, in the form of per vertex normals if available.
     * @param {Boolean} [options.requestWaterMask=false] Flag that indicates if the client should request per tile water masks from the server,  if available.
     * @param {Boolean} [options.requestMetadata=true] Flag that indicates if the client should request per tile metadata from the server, if available.
     * @param {Ellipsoid} [options.ellipsoid] The ellipsoid.  If not specified, the WGS84 ellipsoid is used.
     * @param {Credit|String} [options.credit] A credit for the data source, which is displayed on the canvas.
     *
     *
     * @example
     * // Create Arctic DEM terrain with normals.
     * var viewer = new Cesium.Viewer('cesiumContainer', {
     *     terrainProvider : new Cesium.CesiumTerrainProvider({
     *         url : Cesium.IonResource.fromAssetId(3956),
     *         requestVertexNormals : true
     *     })
     * });
     *
     * @see createWorldTerrain
     * @see TerrainProvider
     */
    function CesiumTerrainProvider(options) {
        //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug)
        if (!defined(options) || !defined(options.url)) {
            throw new DeveloperError('options.url is required.');
        }
        //>>includeEnd('debug');

        this._heightmapWidth = 65;
        this._heightmapStructure = undefined;
        this._hasWaterMask = false;
        this._hasVertexNormals = false;
        this._ellipsoid = options.ellipsoid;

        /**
         * Boolean flag that indicates if the client should request vertex normals from the server.
         * @type {Boolean}
         * @default false
         * @private
         */
        this._requestVertexNormals = defaultValue(options.requestVertexNormals, false);

        /**
         * Boolean flag that indicates if the client should request tile watermasks from the server.
         * @type {Boolean}
         * @default false
         * @private
         */
        this._requestWaterMask = defaultValue(options.requestWaterMask, false);

        /**
         * Boolean flag that indicates if the client should request tile metadata from the server.
         * @type {Boolean}
         * @default true
         * @private
         */
        this._requestMetadata = defaultValue(options.requestMetadata, true);

        this._errorEvent = new Event();

        var credit = options.credit;
        if (typeof credit === 'string') {
            credit = new Credit(credit);
        }
        this._credit = credit;

        this._availability = undefined;

        var deferred = when.defer();
        this._ready = false;
        this._readyPromise = deferred;
        this._tileCredits = undefined;

        var that = this;
        var lastResource;
        var layerJsonResource;
        var metadataError;

        var layers = this._layers = [];
        var attribution = '';
        var overallAvailability = [];
        var overallMaxZoom = 0;
        when(options.url)
            .then(function(url) {
                var resource = Resource.createIfNeeded(url);
                resource.appendForwardSlash();
                lastResource = resource;
                layerJsonResource = lastResource.getDerivedResource({
                    url: 'layer.json'
                });

                // ion resources have a credits property we can use for additional attribution.
                that._tileCredits = resource.credits;

                requestLayerJson();
            })
            .otherwise(function(e) {
                deferred.reject(e);
            });

        function parseMetadataSuccess(data) {
            var message;

            if (!data.format) {
                message = 'The tile format is not specified in the layer.json file.';
                metadataError = TileProviderError.handleError(metadataError, that, that._errorEvent, message, undefined, undefined, undefined, requestLayerJson);
                return;
            }

            if (!data.tiles || data.tiles.length === 0) {
                message = 'The layer.json file does not specify any tile URL templates.';
                metadataError = TileProviderError.handleError(metadataError, that, that._errorEvent, message, undefined, undefined, undefined, requestLayerJson);
                return;
            }

            var hasVertexNormals = false;
            var hasWaterMask = false;
            var hasMetadata = false;
            var littleEndianExtensionSize = true;
            var isHeightmap = false;
            if (data.format === 'heightmap-1.0') {
                isHeightmap = true;
                if (!defined(that._heightmapStructure)) {
                    that._heightmapStructure = {
                        heightScale : 1.0 / 5.0,
                        heightOffset : -1000.0,
                        elementsPerHeight : 1,
                        stride : 1,
                        elementMultiplier : 256.0,
                        isBigEndian : false,
                        lowestEncodedHeight : 0,
                        highestEncodedHeight : 256 * 256 - 1
                    };
                }
                hasWaterMask = true;
                that._requestWaterMask = true;
            } else if (data.format.indexOf('quantized-mesh-1.') !== 0) {
                message = 'The tile format "' + data.format + '" is invalid or not supported.';
                metadataError = TileProviderError.handleError(metadataError, that, that._errorEvent, message, undefined, undefined, undefined, requestLayerJson);
                return;
            }

            var tileUrlTemplates = data.tiles;

            var maxZoom = data.maxzoom;
            overallMaxZoom = Math.max(overallMaxZoom, maxZoom);
            // Keeps track of which of the availablity containing tiles have been loaded

            if (!data.projection || data.projection === 'EPSG:4326') {
              that._tilingScheme = new GeographicTilingScheme({
                  numberOfLevelZeroTilesX : 2,
                  numberOfLevelZeroTilesY : 1,
                  ellipsoid : that._ellipsoid
              });
            } else if (data.projection === 'EPSG:3857') {
              that._tilingScheme = new WebMercatorTilingScheme({
                  numberOfLevelZeroTilesX : 1,
                  numberOfLevelZeroTilesY : 1,
                  ellipsoid : that._ellipsoid
              });
            } else {
              message = 'The projection "' + data.projection + '" is invalid or not supported.';
              metadataError = TileProviderError.handleError(metadataError, that, that._errorEvent, message, undefined, undefined, undefined, requestLayerJson);
              return;
            }

            that._levelZeroMaximumGeometricError = TerrainProvider.getEstimatedLevelZeroGeometricErrorForAHeightmap(
                that._tilingScheme.ellipsoid,
                that._heightmapWidth,
                that._tilingScheme.getNumberOfXTilesAtLevel(0)
            );
            if (!data.scheme || data.scheme === 'tms' || data.scheme === 'slippyMap') {
              that._scheme = data.scheme;
            } else {
              message = 'The scheme "' + data.scheme + '" is invalid or not supported.';
              metadataError = TileProviderError.handleError(metadataError, that, that._errorEvent, message, undefined, undefined, undefined, requestLayerJson);
              return;
            }

            var availabilityTilesLoaded;

            // The vertex normals defined in the 'octvertexnormals' extension is identical to the original
            // contents of the original 'vertexnormals' extension.  'vertexnormals' extension is now
            // deprecated, as the extensionLength for this extension was incorrectly using big endian.
            // We maintain backwards compatibility with the legacy 'vertexnormal' implementation
            // by setting the _littleEndianExtensionSize to false. Always prefer 'octvertexnormals'
            // over 'vertexnormals' if both extensions are supported by the server.
            if (defined(data.extensions) && data.extensions.indexOf('octvertexnormals') !== -1) {
                hasVertexNormals = true;
            } else if (defined(data.extensions) && data.extensions.indexOf('vertexnormals') !== -1) {
                hasVertexNormals = true;
                littleEndianExtensionSize = false;
            }
            if (defined(data.extensions) && data.extensions.indexOf('watermask') !== -1) {
                hasWaterMask = true;
            }
            if (defined(data.extensions) && data.extensions.indexOf('metadata') !== -1) {
                hasMetadata = true;
            }

            var availabilityLevels = data.metadataAvailability;
            var availableTiles = data.available;
            var availability;
            if (defined(availableTiles) && !defined(availabilityLevels)) {
                availability = new TileAvailability(that._tilingScheme, availableTiles.length);
                for (var level = 0; level < availableTiles.length; ++level) {
                    var rangesAtLevel = availableTiles[level];
                    var yTiles = that._tilingScheme.getNumberOfYTilesAtLevel(level);
                    if (!defined(overallAvailability[level])) {
                        overallAvailability[level] = [];
                    }

                    for (var rangeIndex = 0; rangeIndex < rangesAtLevel.length; ++rangeIndex) {
                        var range = rangesAtLevel[rangeIndex];
                        var yStart = yTiles - range.endY - 1;
                        var yEnd = yTiles - range.startY - 1;
                        overallAvailability[level].push([range.startX, yStart, range.endX, yEnd]);
                        availability.addAvailableTileRange(level, range.startX, yStart, range.endX, yEnd);
                    }
                }
            } else if (defined(availabilityLevels)) {
                availabilityTilesLoaded = new TileAvailability(that._tilingScheme, maxZoom);
                availability = new TileAvailability(that._tilingScheme, maxZoom);
                overallAvailability[0] = [
                    [0, 0, 1, 0]
                ];
                availability.addAvailableTileRange(0, 0, 0, 1, 0);
            }

            that._hasWaterMask = that._hasWaterMask || hasWaterMask;
            that._hasVertexNormals = that._hasVertexNormals || hasVertexNormals;
            that._hasMetadata = that._hasMetadata || hasMetadata;
            if (defined(data.attribution)) {
                if (attribution.length > 0) {
                    attribution += ' ';
                }
                attribution += data.attribution;
            }

            layers.push(new LayerInformation({
                resource: lastResource,
                version: data.version,
                isHeightmap: isHeightmap,
                tileUrlTemplates: tileUrlTemplates,
                availability: availability,
                hasVertexNormals: hasVertexNormals,
                hasWaterMask: hasWaterMask,
                hasMetadata: hasMetadata,
                availabilityLevels: availabilityLevels,
                availabilityTilesLoaded: availabilityTilesLoaded,
                littleEndianExtensionSize: littleEndianExtensionSize
            }));

            var parentUrl = data.parentUrl;
            if (defined(parentUrl)) {
                if (!defined(availability)) {
                    console.log('A layer.json can\'t have a parentUrl if it does\'t have an available array.');
                    return when.resolve();
                }
                lastResource = lastResource.getDerivedResource({
                    url: parentUrl
                });
                lastResource.appendForwardSlash(); // Terrain always expects a directory
                layerJsonResource = lastResource.getDerivedResource({
                    url: 'layer.json'
                });
                var parentMetadata = layerJsonResource.fetchJson();
                return when(parentMetadata, parseMetadataSuccess, parseMetadataFailure);
            }

            return when.resolve();
        }

        function parseMetadataFailure(data) {
            var message = 'An error occurred while accessing ' + layerJsonResource.url + '.';
            metadataError = TileProviderError.handleError(metadataError, that, that._errorEvent, message, undefined, undefined, undefined, requestLayerJson);
        }

        function metadataSuccess(data) {
            parseMetadataSuccess(data)
                .then(function() {
                    if (defined(metadataError)) {
                        return;
                    }

                    var length = overallAvailability.length;
                    if (length > 0) {
                        var availability = that._availability = new TileAvailability(that._tilingScheme, overallMaxZoom);
                        for (var level = 0; level < length; ++level) {
                            var levelRanges = overallAvailability[level];
                            for (var i = 0; i < levelRanges.length; ++i) {
                                var range = levelRanges[i];
                                availability.addAvailableTileRange(level, range[0], range[1], range[2], range[3]);
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (attribution.length > 0) {
                        var layerJsonCredit = new Credit(attribution);

                        if (defined(that._tileCredits)) {
                            that._tileCredits.push(layerJsonCredit);
                        } else {
                            that._tileCredits = [layerJsonCredit];
                        }
                    }

                    that._ready = true;
                    that._readyPromise.resolve(true);
                });
        }

        function metadataFailure(data) {
            // If the metadata is not found, assume this is a pre-metadata heightmap tileset.
            if (defined(data) && data.statusCode === 404) {
                metadataSuccess({
                    tilejson: '2.1.0',
                    format : 'heightmap-1.0',
                    version : '1.0.0',
                    scheme : 'tms',
                    tiles : [
                        '{z}/{x}/{y}.terrain?v={version}'
                    ]
                });
                return;
            }
            parseMetadataFailure(data);
        }

        function requestLayerJson() {
            when(layerJsonResource.fetchJson())
                .then(metadataSuccess)
                .otherwise(metadataFailure);
        }
    }

    /**
     * When using the Quantized-Mesh format, a tile may be returned that includes additional extensions, such as PerVertexNormals, watermask, etc.
     * This enumeration defines the unique identifiers for each type of extension data that has been appended to the standard mesh data.
     *
     * @exports QuantizedMeshExtensionIds
     * @see CesiumTerrainProvider
     * @private
     */
    var QuantizedMeshExtensionIds = {
        /**
         * Oct-Encoded Per-Vertex Normals are included as an extension to the tile mesh
         *
         * @type {Number}
         * @constant
         * @default 1
         */
        OCT_VERTEX_NORMALS: 1,
        /**
         * A watermask is included as an extension to the tile mesh
         *
         * @type {Number}
         * @constant
         * @default 2
         */
        WATER_MASK: 2,
        /**
         * A json object contain metadata about the tile
         *
         * @type {Number}
         * @constant
         * @default 4
         */
        METADATA: 4
    };

    function getRequestHeader(extensionsList) {
        if (!defined(extensionsList) || extensionsList.length === 0) {
            return {
                Accept : 'application/vnd.quantized-mesh,application/octet-stream;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.01'
            };
        }
        var extensions = extensionsList.join('-');
        return {
            Accept : 'application/vnd.quantized-mesh;extensions=' + extensions + ',application/octet-stream;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.01'
        };
    }

    function createHeightmapTerrainData(provider, buffer, level, x, y) {
        var heightBuffer = new Uint16Array(buffer, 0, provider._heightmapWidth * provider._heightmapWidth);
        return new HeightmapTerrainData({
            buffer : heightBuffer,
            childTileMask : new Uint8Array(buffer, heightBuffer.byteLength, 1)[0],
            waterMask : new Uint8Array(buffer, heightBuffer.byteLength + 1, buffer.byteLength - heightBuffer.byteLength - 1),
            width : provider._heightmapWidth,
            height : provider._heightmapWidth,
            structure : provider._heightmapStructure,
            credits: provider._tileCredits
        });
    }

    function createQuantizedMeshTerrainData(provider, buffer, level, x, y, layer) {
        var littleEndianExtensionSize = layer.littleEndianExtensionSize;
        var pos = 0;
        var cartesian3Elements = 3;
        var boundingSphereElements = cartesian3Elements + 1;
        var cartesian3Length = Float64Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT * cartesian3Elements;
        var boundingSphereLength = Float64Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT * boundingSphereElements;
        var encodedVertexElements = 3;
        var encodedVertexLength = Uint16Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT * encodedVertexElements;
        var triangleElements = 3;
        var bytesPerIndex = Uint16Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
        var triangleLength = bytesPerIndex * triangleElements;

        var view = new DataView(buffer);
        var center = new Cartesian3(view.getFloat64(pos, true), view.getFloat64(pos + 8, true), view.getFloat64(pos + 16, true));
        pos += cartesian3Length;

        var minimumHeight = view.getFloat32(pos, true);
        pos += Float32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
        var maximumHeight = view.getFloat32(pos, true);
        pos += Float32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;

        var boundingSphere = new BoundingSphere(
                new Cartesian3(view.getFloat64(pos, true), view.getFloat64(pos + 8, true), view.getFloat64(pos + 16, true)),
                view.getFloat64(pos + cartesian3Length, true));
        pos += boundingSphereLength;

        var horizonOcclusionPoint = new Cartesian3(view.getFloat64(pos, true), view.getFloat64(pos + 8, true), view.getFloat64(pos + 16, true));
        pos += cartesian3Length;

        var vertexCount = view.getUint32(pos, true);
        pos += Uint32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
        var encodedVertexBuffer = new Uint16Array(buffer, pos, vertexCount * 3);
        pos += vertexCount * encodedVertexLength;

        if (vertexCount > 64 * 1024) {
            // More than 64k vertices, so indices are 32-bit.
            bytesPerIndex = Uint32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
            triangleLength = bytesPerIndex * triangleElements;
        }

        // Decode the vertex buffer.
        var uBuffer = encodedVertexBuffer.subarray(0, vertexCount);
        var vBuffer = encodedVertexBuffer.subarray(vertexCount, 2 * vertexCount);
        var heightBuffer = encodedVertexBuffer.subarray(vertexCount * 2, 3 * vertexCount);

        AttributeCompression.zigZagDeltaDecode(uBuffer, vBuffer, heightBuffer);

        // skip over any additional padding that was added for 2/4 byte alignment
        if (pos % bytesPerIndex !== 0) {
            pos += (bytesPerIndex - (pos % bytesPerIndex));
        }

        var triangleCount = view.getUint32(pos, true);
        pos += Uint32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
        var indices = IndexDatatype.createTypedArrayFromArrayBuffer(vertexCount, buffer, pos, triangleCount * triangleElements);
        pos += triangleCount * triangleLength;

        // High water mark decoding based on decompressIndices_ in webgl-loader's loader.js.
        // https://code.google.com/p/webgl-loader/source/browse/trunk/samples/loader.js?r=99#55
        // Copyright 2012 Google Inc., Apache 2.0 license.
        var highest = 0;
        var length = indices.length;
        for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
            var code = indices[i];
            indices[i] = highest - code;
            if (code === 0) {
                ++highest;
            }
        }

        var westVertexCount = view.getUint32(pos, true);
        pos += Uint32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
        var westIndices = IndexDatatype.createTypedArrayFromArrayBuffer(vertexCount, buffer, pos, westVertexCount);
        pos += westVertexCount * bytesPerIndex;

        var southVertexCount = view.getUint32(pos, true);
        pos += Uint32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
        var southIndices = IndexDatatype.createTypedArrayFromArrayBuffer(vertexCount, buffer, pos, southVertexCount);
        pos += southVertexCount * bytesPerIndex;

        var eastVertexCount = view.getUint32(pos, true);
        pos += Uint32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
        var eastIndices = IndexDatatype.createTypedArrayFromArrayBuffer(vertexCount, buffer, pos, eastVertexCount);
        pos += eastVertexCount * bytesPerIndex;

        var northVertexCount = view.getUint32(pos, true);
        pos += Uint32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
        var northIndices = IndexDatatype.createTypedArrayFromArrayBuffer(vertexCount, buffer, pos, northVertexCount);
        pos += northVertexCount * bytesPerIndex;

        var encodedNormalBuffer;
        var waterMaskBuffer;
        while (pos < view.byteLength) {
            var extensionId = view.getUint8(pos, true);
            pos += Uint8Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
            var extensionLength = view.getUint32(pos, littleEndianExtensionSize);
            pos += Uint32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;

            if (extensionId === QuantizedMeshExtensionIds.OCT_VERTEX_NORMALS && provider._requestVertexNormals) {
                encodedNormalBuffer = new Uint8Array(buffer, pos, vertexCount * 2);
            } else if (extensionId === QuantizedMeshExtensionIds.WATER_MASK && provider._requestWaterMask) {
                waterMaskBuffer = new Uint8Array(buffer, pos, extensionLength);
            } else if (extensionId === QuantizedMeshExtensionIds.METADATA && provider._requestMetadata) {
                var stringLength = view.getUint32(pos, true);
                if (stringLength > 0) {
                    var jsonString =
                        getStringFromTypedArray(new Uint8Array(buffer), pos + Uint32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT, stringLength);
                    var metadata = JSON.parse(jsonString);
                    var availableTiles = metadata.available;
                    if (defined(availableTiles)) {
                        for (var offset = 0; offset < availableTiles.length; ++offset) {
                            var availableLevel = level + offset + 1;
                            var rangesAtLevel = availableTiles[offset];
                            var yTiles = provider._tilingScheme.getNumberOfYTilesAtLevel(availableLevel);

                            for (var rangeIndex = 0; rangeIndex < rangesAtLevel.length; ++rangeIndex) {
                                var range = rangesAtLevel[rangeIndex];
                                var yStart = yTiles - range.endY - 1;
                                var yEnd = yTiles - range.startY - 1;
                                provider.availability.addAvailableTileRange(availableLevel, range.startX, yStart, range.endX, yEnd);
                                layer.availability.addAvailableTileRange(availableLevel, range.startX, yStart, range.endX, yEnd);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                layer.availabilityTilesLoaded.addAvailableTileRange(level, x, y, x, y);
            }
            pos += extensionLength;
        }

        var skirtHeight = provider.getLevelMaximumGeometricError(level) * 5.0;

        // The skirt is not included in the OBB computation. If this ever
        // causes any rendering artifacts (cracks), they are expected to be
        // minor and in the corners of the screen. It's possible that this
        // might need to be changed - just change to `minimumHeight - skirtHeight`
        // A similar change might also be needed in `upsampleQuantizedTerrainMesh.js`.
        var rectangle = provider._tilingScheme.tileXYToRectangle(x, y, level);
        var orientedBoundingBox = OrientedBoundingBox.fromRectangle(rectangle, minimumHeight, maximumHeight, provider._tilingScheme.ellipsoid);

        return new QuantizedMeshTerrainData({
            center : center,
            minimumHeight : minimumHeight,
            maximumHeight : maximumHeight,
            boundingSphere : boundingSphere,
            orientedBoundingBox : orientedBoundingBox,
            horizonOcclusionPoint : horizonOcclusionPoint,
            quantizedVertices : encodedVertexBuffer,
            encodedNormals : encodedNormalBuffer,
            indices : indices,
            westIndices : westIndices,
            southIndices : southIndices,
            eastIndices : eastIndices,
            northIndices : northIndices,
            westSkirtHeight : skirtHeight,
            southSkirtHeight : skirtHeight,
            eastSkirtHeight : skirtHeight,
            northSkirtHeight : skirtHeight,
            childTileMask: provider.availability.computeChildMaskForTile(level, x, y),
            waterMask: waterMaskBuffer,
            credits: provider._tileCredits
        });
    }

    /**
     * Requests the geometry for a given tile.  This function should not be called before
     * {@link CesiumTerrainProvider#ready} returns true.  The result must include terrain data and
     * may optionally include a water mask and an indication of which child tiles are available.
     *
     * @param {Number} x The X coordinate of the tile for which to request geometry.
     * @param {Number} y The Y coordinate of the tile for which to request geometry.
     * @param {Number} level The level of the tile for which to request geometry.
     * @param {Request} [request] The request object. Intended for internal use only.
     *
     * @returns {Promise.<TerrainData>|undefined} A promise for the requested geometry.  If this method
     *          returns undefined instead of a promise, it is an indication that too many requests are already
     *          pending and the request will be retried later.
     *
     * @exception {DeveloperError} This function must not be called before {@link CesiumTerrainProvider#ready}
     *            returns true.
     */
    CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype.requestTileGeometry = function(x, y, level, request) {
        //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug)
        if (!this._ready) {
            throw new DeveloperError('requestTileGeometry must not be called before the terrain provider is ready.');
        }
        //>>includeEnd('debug');

        var layers = this._layers;
        var layerToUse;
        var layerCount = layers.length;

        if (layerCount === 1) { // Optimized path for single layers
            layerToUse = layers[0];
        } else {
            for (var i = 0; i < layerCount; ++i) {
                var layer = layers[i];
                if (!defined(layer.availability) || layer.availability.isTileAvailable(level, x, y)) {
                    layerToUse = layer;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        return requestTileGeometry(this, x, y, level, layerToUse, request);
    };

    function requestTileGeometry(provider, x, y, level, layerToUse, request) {
        if (!defined(layerToUse)) {
            return when.reject(new RuntimeError('Terrain tile doesn\'t exist'));
        }

        var urlTemplates = layerToUse.tileUrlTemplates;
        if (urlTemplates.length === 0) {
            return undefined;
        }

        // The TileMapService scheme counts from the bottom left
        var terrainY;
        if (!provider._scheme || provider._scheme === 'tms') {
          var yTiles = provider._tilingScheme.getNumberOfYTilesAtLevel(level);
          terrainY = (yTiles - y - 1);
        } else {
          terrainY = y;
        }

        var extensionList = [];
        if (provider._requestVertexNormals && layerToUse.hasVertexNormals) {
            extensionList.push(layerToUse.littleEndianExtensionSize ? 'octvertexnormals' : 'vertexnormals');
        }
        if (provider._requestWaterMask && layerToUse.hasWaterMask) {
            extensionList.push('watermask');
        }
        if (provider._requestMetadata && layerToUse.hasMetadata) {
            extensionList.push('metadata');
        }

        var headers;
        var query;
        var url = urlTemplates[(x + terrainY + level) % urlTemplates.length];

        var resource = layerToUse.resource;
        if (defined(resource._ionEndpoint) && !defined(resource._ionEndpoint.externalType)) {
            // ion uses query paremeters to request extensions
            if (extensionList.length !== 0) {
                query = { extensions: extensionList.join('-') };
            }
            headers = getRequestHeader(undefined);
        } else {
            //All other terrain servers
            headers = getRequestHeader(extensionList);
        }

        var promise = resource.getDerivedResource({
            url: url,
            templateValues: {
                version: layerToUse.version,
                z: level,
                x: x,
                y: terrainY
            },
            queryParameters: query,
            headers: headers,
            request: request
        }).fetchArrayBuffer();

        if (!defined(promise)) {
            return undefined;
        }

        return promise.then(function (buffer) {
            if (defined(provider._heightmapStructure)) {
                return createHeightmapTerrainData(provider, buffer, level, x, y);
            }
            return createQuantizedMeshTerrainData(provider, buffer, level, x, y, layerToUse);
        });
    }

    Object.defineProperties(CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype, {
        /**
         * Gets an event that is raised when the terrain provider encounters an asynchronous error.  By subscribing
         * to the event, you will be notified of the error and can potentially recover from it.  Event listeners
         * are passed an instance of {@link TileProviderError}.
         * @memberof CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype
         * @type {Event}
         */
        errorEvent : {
            get : function() {
                return this._errorEvent;
            }
        },

        /**
         * Gets the credit to display when this terrain provider is active.  Typically this is used to credit
         * the source of the terrain.  This function should not be called before {@link CesiumTerrainProvider#ready} returns true.
         * @memberof CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype
         * @type {Credit}
         */
        credit : {
            get : function() {
                //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug)
                if (!this._ready) {
                    throw new DeveloperError('credit must not be called before the terrain provider is ready.');
                }
                //>>includeEnd('debug');

                return this._credit;
            }
        },

        /**
         * Gets the tiling scheme used by this provider.  This function should
         * not be called before {@link CesiumTerrainProvider#ready} returns true.
         * @memberof CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype
         * @type {GeographicTilingScheme}
         */
        tilingScheme : {
            get : function() {
                //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug)
                if (!this._ready) {
                    throw new DeveloperError('tilingScheme must not be called before the terrain provider is ready.');
                }
                //>>includeEnd('debug');

                return this._tilingScheme;
            }
        },

        /**
         * Gets a value indicating whether or not the provider is ready for use.
         * @memberof CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype
         * @type {Boolean}
         */
        ready : {
            get : function() {
                return this._ready;
            }
        },

        /**
         * Gets a promise that resolves to true when the provider is ready for use.
         * @memberof CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype
         * @type {Promise.<Boolean>}
         * @readonly
         */
        readyPromise : {
            get : function() {
                return this._readyPromise.promise;
            }
        },

        /**
         * Gets a value indicating whether or not the provider includes a water mask.  The water mask
         * indicates which areas of the globe are water rather than land, so they can be rendered
         * as a reflective surface with animated waves.  This function should not be
         * called before {@link CesiumTerrainProvider#ready} returns true.
         * @memberof CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype
         * @type {Boolean}
         * @exception {DeveloperError} This property must not be called before {@link CesiumTerrainProvider#ready}
         */
        hasWaterMask : {
            get : function() {
                //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug)
                if (!this._ready) {
                    throw new DeveloperError('hasWaterMask must not be called before the terrain provider is ready.');
                }
                //>>includeEnd('debug');

                return this._hasWaterMask && this._requestWaterMask;
            }
        },

        /**
         * Gets a value indicating whether or not the requested tiles include vertex normals.
         * This function should not be called before {@link CesiumTerrainProvider#ready} returns true.
         * @memberof CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype
         * @type {Boolean}
         * @exception {DeveloperError} This property must not be called before {@link CesiumTerrainProvider#ready}
         */
        hasVertexNormals : {
            get : function() {
                //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug)
                if (!this._ready) {
                    throw new DeveloperError('hasVertexNormals must not be called before the terrain provider is ready.');
                }
                //>>includeEnd('debug');

                // returns true if we can request vertex normals from the server
                return this._hasVertexNormals && this._requestVertexNormals;
            }
        },

        /**
         * Gets a value indicating whether or not the requested tiles include metadata.
         * This function should not be called before {@link CesiumTerrainProvider#ready} returns true.
         * @memberof CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype
         * @type {Boolean}
         * @exception {DeveloperError} This property must not be called before {@link CesiumTerrainProvider#ready}
         */
        hasMetadata : {
            get : function() {
                //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug)
                if (!this._ready) {
                    throw new DeveloperError('hasMetadata must not be called before the terrain provider is ready.');
                }
                //>>includeEnd('debug');

                // returns true if we can request metadata from the server
                return this._hasMetadata && this._requestMetadata;
            }
        },

        /**
         * Boolean flag that indicates if the client should request vertex normals from the server.
         * Vertex normals data is appended to the standard tile mesh data only if the client requests the vertex normals and
         * if the server provides vertex normals.
         * @memberof CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype
         * @type {Boolean}
         */
        requestVertexNormals : {
            get : function() {
                return this._requestVertexNormals;
            }
        },

        /**
         * Boolean flag that indicates if the client should request a watermask from the server.
         * Watermask data is appended to the standard tile mesh data only if the client requests the watermask and
         * if the server provides a watermask.
         * @memberof CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype
         * @type {Boolean}
         */
        requestWaterMask : {
            get : function() {
                return this._requestWaterMask;
            }
        },

        /**
         * Boolean flag that indicates if the client should request metadata from the server.
         * Metadata is appended to the standard tile mesh data only if the client requests the metadata and
         * if the server provides a metadata.
         * @memberof CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype
         * @type {Boolean}
         */
        requestMetadata : {
            get : function() {
                return this._requestMetadata;
            }
        },

        /**
         * Gets an object that can be used to determine availability of terrain from this provider, such as
         * at points and in rectangles.  This function should not be called before
         * {@link CesiumTerrainProvider#ready} returns true.  This property may be undefined if availability
         * information is not available. Note that this reflects tiles that are known to be available currently.
         * Additional tiles may be discovered to be available in the future, e.g. if availability information
         * exists deeper in the tree rather than it all being discoverable at the root. However, a tile that
         * is available now will not become unavailable in the future.
         * @memberof CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype
         * @type {TileAvailability}
         */
        availability : {
            get : function() {
                //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug)
                if (!this._ready) {
                    throw new DeveloperError('availability must not be called before the terrain provider is ready.');
                }
                //>>includeEnd('debug');
                return this._availability;
            }
        }
    });

    /**
     * Gets the maximum geometric error allowed in a tile at a given level.
     *
     * @param {Number} level The tile level for which to get the maximum geometric error.
     * @returns {Number} The maximum geometric error.
     */
    CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype.getLevelMaximumGeometricError = function(level) {
        return this._levelZeroMaximumGeometricError / (1 << level);
    };

    /**
     * Determines whether data for a tile is available to be loaded.
     *
     * @param {Number} x The X coordinate of the tile for which to request geometry.
     * @param {Number} y The Y coordinate of the tile for which to request geometry.
     * @param {Number} level The level of the tile for which to request geometry.
     * @returns {Boolean} Undefined if not supported or availability is unknown, otherwise true or false.
     */
    CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype.getTileDataAvailable = function(x, y, level) {
        if (!defined(this._availability)) {
            return undefined;
        }
        if (level > this._availability._maximumLevel) {
            return false;
        }

        if (this._availability.isTileAvailable(level, x, y)) {
            // If the tile is listed as available, then we are done
            return true;
        }
        if (!this._hasMetadata) {
            // If we don't have any layers with the metadata extension then we don't have this tile
            return false;
        }

        var layers = this._layers;
        var count = layers.length;
        for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
            var layerResult = checkLayer(this, x, y, level, layers[i], (i===0));
            if (layerResult.result) {
                // There is a layer that may or may not have the tile
                return undefined;
            }
        }

        return false;
    };

    /**
     * Makes sure we load availability data for a tile
     *
     * @param {Number} x The X coordinate of the tile for which to request geometry.
     * @param {Number} y The Y coordinate of the tile for which to request geometry.
     * @param {Number} level The level of the tile for which to request geometry.
     * @returns {undefined|Promise} Undefined if nothing need to be loaded or a Promise that resolves when all required tiles are loaded
     */
    CesiumTerrainProvider.prototype.loadTileDataAvailability = function(x, y, level) {
        if (!defined(this._availability) || (level > this._availability._maximumLevel) ||
            (this._availability.isTileAvailable(level, x, y) || (!this._hasMetadata))) {
            // We know the tile is either available or not available so nothing to wait on
            return undefined;
        }

        var layers = this._layers;
        var count = layers.length;
        for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
            var layerResult = checkLayer(this, x, y, level, layers[i], (i===0));
            if (defined(layerResult.promise)) {
                return layerResult.promise;
            }
        }
    };

    function getAvailabilityTile(layer, x, y, level) {
        if (level === 0) {
            return;
        }

        var availabilityLevels = layer.availabilityLevels;
        var parentLevel = (level % availabilityLevels === 0) ?
            (level - availabilityLevels) : ((level / availabilityLevels) | 0) * availabilityLevels;
        var divisor = 1 << (level - parentLevel);
        var parentX = (x / divisor) | 0;
        var parentY = (y / divisor) | 0;

        return {
            level: parentLevel,
            x: parentX,
            y: parentY
        };
    }

    function checkLayer(provider, x, y, level, layer, topLayer) {
        if (!defined(layer.availabilityLevels)) {
            // It's definitely not in this layer
            return {
                result: false
            };
        }

        var cacheKey;
        var deleteFromCache = function () {
            delete layer.availabilityPromiseCache[cacheKey];
        };
        var availabilityTilesLoaded = layer.availabilityTilesLoaded;
        var availability = layer.availability;

        var tile = getAvailabilityTile(layer, x, y, level);
        while(defined(tile)) {
            if (availability.isTileAvailable(tile.level, tile.x, tile.y) &&
                !availabilityTilesLoaded.isTileAvailable(tile.level, tile.x, tile.y))
            {
                var requestPromise;
                if (!topLayer) {
                    cacheKey = tile.level + '-' + tile.x + '-' + tile.y;
                    requestPromise = layer.availabilityPromiseCache[cacheKey];
                    if (!defined(requestPromise)) {
                        // For cutout terrain, if this isn't the top layer the availability tiles
                        //  may never get loaded, so request it here.
                        var request = new Request({
                            throttle: true,
                            throttleByServer: true,
                            type: RequestType.TERRAIN
                        });
                        requestPromise = requestTileGeometry(provider, tile.x, tile.y, tile.level, layer, request);
                        if (defined(requestPromise)) {
                            layer.availabilityPromiseCache[cacheKey] = requestPromise;
                            requestPromise.then(deleteFromCache);
                        }
                    }
                }

                // The availability tile is available, but not loaded, so there
                //  is still a chance that it may become available at some point
                return {
                    result: true,
                    promise: requestPromise
                };
            }

            tile = getAvailabilityTile(layer, tile.x, tile.y, tile.level);
        }

        return {
            result: false
        };
    }

    // Used for testing
    CesiumTerrainProvider._getAvailabilityTile = getAvailabilityTile;
export default CesiumTerrainProvider;