// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.txt in the project root for license information.

;(function (undefined) {

  var objectTypes = {
    'boolean': false,
    'function': true,
    'object': true,
    'number': false,
    'string': false,
    'undefined': false
  };

  var root = (objectTypes[typeof window] && window) || this,
    freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports,
    freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType && module,
    moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports && freeExports,
    freeGlobal = objectTypes[typeof global] && global;
  
  if (freeGlobal && (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal)) {
    root = freeGlobal;
  }

  var Rx = { 
      internals: {}, 
      config: {
        Promise: root.Promise // Detect if promise exists
      },
      helpers: { }
  };
    
  // Defaults
  var noop = Rx.helpers.noop = function () { },
    identity = Rx.helpers.identity = function (x) { return x; },
    pluck = Rx.helpers.pluck = function (property) { return function (x) { return x[property]; }; },
    just = Rx.helpers.just = function (value) { return function () { return value; }; },    
    defaultNow = Rx.helpers.defaultNow = Date.now,
    defaultComparer = Rx.helpers.defaultComparer = function (x, y) { return isEqual(x, y); },
    defaultSubComparer = Rx.helpers.defaultSubComparer = function (x, y) { return x > y ? 1 : (x < y ? -1 : 0); },
    defaultKeySerializer = Rx.helpers.defaultKeySerializer = function (x) { return x.toString(); },
    defaultError = Rx.helpers.defaultError = function (err) { throw err; },
    isPromise = Rx.helpers.isPromise = function (p) { return !!p && typeof p.then === 'function' && p.then !== Rx.Observable.prototype.then; },
    asArray = Rx.helpers.asArray = function () { return Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); },
    not = Rx.helpers.not = function (a) { return !a; };

  // Errors
  var sequenceContainsNoElements = 'Sequence contains no elements.';
  var argumentOutOfRange = 'Argument out of range';
  var objectDisposed = 'Object has been disposed';
  function checkDisposed() { if (this.isDisposed) { throw new Error(objectDisposed); } }  
  
  // Shim in iterator support
  var $iterator$ = (typeof Symbol === 'object' && Symbol.iterator) ||
    '_es6shim_iterator_';
  // Firefox ships a partial implementation using the name @@iterator.
  // https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=907077#c14
  // So use that name if we detect it.
  if (root.Set && typeof new root.Set()['@@iterator'] === 'function') {
    $iterator$ = '@@iterator';
  }
  var doneEnumerator = { done: true, value: undefined };

  /** `Object#toString` result shortcuts */
  var argsClass = '[object Arguments]',
    arrayClass = '[object Array]',
    boolClass = '[object Boolean]',
    dateClass = '[object Date]',
    errorClass = '[object Error]',
    funcClass = '[object Function]',
    numberClass = '[object Number]',
    objectClass = '[object Object]',
    regexpClass = '[object RegExp]',
    stringClass = '[object String]';

  var toString = Object.prototype.toString,
    hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,  
    supportsArgsClass = toString.call(arguments) == argsClass, // For less <IE9 && FF<4
    suportNodeClass,
    errorProto = Error.prototype,
    objectProto = Object.prototype,
    propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable;

  try {
      suportNodeClass = !(toString.call(document) == objectClass && !({ 'toString': 0 } + ''));
  } catch(e) {
      suportNodeClass = true;
  }

  var shadowedProps = [
    'constructor', 'hasOwnProperty', 'isPrototypeOf', 'propertyIsEnumerable', 'toLocaleString', 'toString', 'valueOf'
  ];

  var nonEnumProps = {};
  nonEnumProps[arrayClass] = nonEnumProps[dateClass] = nonEnumProps[numberClass] = { 'constructor': true, 'toLocaleString': true, 'toString': true, 'valueOf': true };
  nonEnumProps[boolClass] = nonEnumProps[stringClass] = { 'constructor': true, 'toString': true, 'valueOf': true };
  nonEnumProps[errorClass] = nonEnumProps[funcClass] = nonEnumProps[regexpClass] = { 'constructor': true, 'toString': true };
  nonEnumProps[objectClass] = { 'constructor': true };

  var support = {};
  (function () {
    var ctor = function() { this.x = 1; },
      props = [];

    ctor.prototype = { 'valueOf': 1, 'y': 1 };
    for (var key in new ctor) { props.push(key); }      
    for (key in arguments) { }

    // Detect if `name` or `message` properties of `Error.prototype` are enumerable by default.
    support.enumErrorProps = propertyIsEnumerable.call(errorProto, 'message') || propertyIsEnumerable.call(errorProto, 'name');

    // Detect if `prototype` properties are enumerable by default.
    support.enumPrototypes = propertyIsEnumerable.call(ctor, 'prototype');

    // Detect if `arguments` object indexes are non-enumerable
    support.nonEnumArgs = key != 0;

    // Detect if properties shadowing those on `Object.prototype` are non-enumerable.
    support.nonEnumShadows = !/valueOf/.test(props);
  }(1));

  function isObject(value) {
    // check if the value is the ECMAScript language type of Object
    // http://es5.github.io/#x8
    // and avoid a V8 bug
    // https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291
    var type = typeof value;
    return value && (type == 'function' || type == 'object') || false;
  }

  function keysIn(object) {
    var result = [];
    if (!isObject(object)) {
      return result;
    }
    if (support.nonEnumArgs && object.length && isArguments(object)) {
      object = slice.call(object);
    }
    var skipProto = support.enumPrototypes && typeof object == 'function',
        skipErrorProps = support.enumErrorProps && (object === errorProto || object instanceof Error);

    for (var key in object) {
      if (!(skipProto && key == 'prototype') &&
          !(skipErrorProps && (key == 'message' || key == 'name'))) {
        result.push(key);
      }
    }

    if (support.nonEnumShadows && object !== objectProto) {
      var ctor = object.constructor,
          index = -1,
          length = shadowedProps.length;

      if (object === (ctor && ctor.prototype)) {
        var className = object === stringProto ? stringClass : object === errorProto ? errorClass : toString.call(object),
            nonEnum = nonEnumProps[className];
      }
      while (++index < length) {
        key = shadowedProps[index];
        if (!(nonEnum && nonEnum[key]) && hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)) {
          result.push(key);
        }
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  function internalFor(object, callback, keysFunc) {
    var index = -1,
      props = keysFunc(object),
      length = props.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var key = props[index];
      if (callback(object[key], key, object) === false) {
        break;
      }
    }
    return object;
  }   

  function internalForIn(object, callback) {
    return internalFor(object, callback, keysIn);
  }

  function isNode(value) {
    // IE < 9 presents DOM nodes as `Object` objects except they have `toString`
    // methods that are `typeof` "string" and still can coerce nodes to strings
    return typeof value.toString != 'function' && typeof (value + '') == 'string';
  }

  function isArguments(value) {
    return (value && typeof value == 'object') ? toString.call(value) == argsClass : false;
  }

  // fallback for browsers that can't detect `arguments` objects by [[Class]]
  if (!supportsArgsClass) {
    isArguments = function(value) {
      return (value && typeof value == 'object') ? hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') : false;
    };
  }

  function isFunction(value) {
    return typeof value == 'function' || false;
  }

  // fallback for older versions of Chrome and Safari
  if (isFunction(/x/)) {
    isFunction = function(value) {
      return typeof value == 'function' && toString.call(value) == funcClass;
    };
  }        

  var isEqual = Rx.internals.isEqual = function (x, y) {
    return deepEquals(x, y, [], []); 
  };

  /** @private
   * Used for deep comparison
   **/
  function deepEquals(a, b, stackA, stackB) {
    // exit early for identical values
    if (a === b) {
      // treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal
      return a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b);
    }

    var type = typeof a,
        otherType = typeof b;

    // exit early for unlike primitive values
    if (a === a && (a == null || b == null ||
        (type != 'function' && type != 'object' && otherType != 'function' && otherType != 'object'))) {
      return false;
    }

    // compare [[Class]] names
    var className = toString.call(a),
        otherClass = toString.call(b);

    if (className == argsClass) {
      className = objectClass;
    }
    if (otherClass == argsClass) {
      otherClass = objectClass;
    }
    if (className != otherClass) {
      return false;
    }
    switch (className) {
      case boolClass:
      case dateClass:
        // coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and booleans
        // to `1` or `0` treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as not equal
        return +a == +b;

      case numberClass:
        // treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal
        return (a != +a)
          ? b != +b
          // but treat `-0` vs. `+0` as not equal
          : (a == 0 ? (1 / a == 1 / b) : a == +b);

      case regexpClass:
      case stringClass:
        // coerce regexes to strings (http://es5.github.io/#x15.10.6.4)
        // treat string primitives and their corresponding object instances as equal
        return a == String(b);
    }
    var isArr = className == arrayClass;
    if (!isArr) {

      // exit for functions and DOM nodes
      if (className != objectClass || (!support.nodeClass && (isNode(a) || isNode(b)))) {
        return false;
      }
      // in older versions of Opera, `arguments` objects have `Array` constructors
      var ctorA = !support.argsObject && isArguments(a) ? Object : a.constructor,
          ctorB = !support.argsObject && isArguments(b) ? Object : b.constructor;

      // non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal
      if (ctorA != ctorB &&
            !(hasOwnProperty.call(a, 'constructor') && hasOwnProperty.call(b, 'constructor')) &&
            !(isFunction(ctorA) && ctorA instanceof ctorA && isFunction(ctorB) && ctorB instanceof ctorB) &&
            ('constructor' in a && 'constructor' in b)
          ) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    // assume cyclic structures are equal
    // the algorithm for detecting cyclic structures is adapted from ES 5.1
    // section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO` (http://es5.github.io/#x15.12.3)
    var initedStack = !stackA;
    stackA || (stackA = []);
    stackB || (stackB = []);

    var length = stackA.length;
    while (length--) {
      if (stackA[length] == a) {
        return stackB[length] == b;
      }
    }
    var size = 0;
    result = true;

    // add `a` and `b` to the stack of traversed objects
    stackA.push(a);
    stackB.push(b);

    // recursively compare objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
    if (isArr) {
      // compare lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary
      length = a.length;
      size = b.length;
      result = size == length;

      if (result) {
        // deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties
        while (size--) {
          var index = length,
              value = b[size];

          if (!(result = deepEquals(a[size], value, stackA, stackB))) {
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    else {
      // deep compare objects using `forIn`, instead of `forOwn`, to avoid `Object.keys`
      // which, in this case, is more costly
      internalForIn(b, function(value, key, b) {
        if (hasOwnProperty.call(b, key)) {
          // count the number of properties.
          size++;
          // deep compare each property value.
          return (result = hasOwnProperty.call(a, key) && deepEquals(a[key], value, stackA, stackB));
        }
      });

      if (result) {
        // ensure both objects have the same number of properties
        internalForIn(a, function(value, key, a) {
          if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, key)) {
            // `size` will be `-1` if `a` has more properties than `b`
            return (result = --size > -1);
          }
        });
      }
    }
    stackA.pop();
    stackB.pop();

    return result;
  }
    var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
    function argsOrArray(args, idx) {
        return args.length === 1 && Array.isArray(args[idx]) ?
            args[idx] :
            slice.call(args);
    }
    var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;

    /** @private */
    var inherits = this.inherits = Rx.internals.inherits = function (child, parent) {
        function __() { this.constructor = child; }
        __.prototype = parent.prototype;
        child.prototype = new __();
    };

    /** @private */    
    var addProperties = Rx.internals.addProperties = function (obj) {
        var sources = slice.call(arguments, 1);
        for (var i = 0, len = sources.length; i < len; i++) {
            var source = sources[i];
            for (var prop in source) {
                obj[prop] = source[prop];
            }
        }
    };

    // Rx Utils
    var addRef = Rx.internals.addRef = function (xs, r) {
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return new CompositeDisposable(r.getDisposable(), xs.subscribe(observer));
        });
    };

    // Collection polyfills
    function arrayInitialize(count, factory) {
        var a = new Array(count);
        for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            a[i] = factory();
        }
        return a;
    }

    // Collections
    var IndexedItem = function (id, value) {
        this.id = id;
        this.value = value;
    };

    IndexedItem.prototype.compareTo = function (other) {
        var c = this.value.compareTo(other.value);
        if (c === 0) {
            c = this.id - other.id;
        }
        return c;
    };

    // Priority Queue for Scheduling
    var PriorityQueue = Rx.internals.PriorityQueue = function (capacity) {
        this.items = new Array(capacity);
        this.length = 0;
    };

    var priorityProto = PriorityQueue.prototype;
    priorityProto.isHigherPriority = function (left, right) {
        return this.items[left].compareTo(this.items[right]) < 0;
    };

    priorityProto.percolate = function (index) {
        if (index >= this.length || index < 0) {
            return;
        }
        var parent = index - 1 >> 1;
        if (parent < 0 || parent === index) {
            return;
        }
        if (this.isHigherPriority(index, parent)) {
            var temp = this.items[index];
            this.items[index] = this.items[parent];
            this.items[parent] = temp;
            this.percolate(parent);
        }
    };

    priorityProto.heapify = function (index) {
        if (index === undefined) {
            index = 0;
        }
        if (index >= this.length || index < 0) {
            return;
        }
        var left = 2 * index + 1,
            right = 2 * index + 2,
            first = index;
        if (left < this.length && this.isHigherPriority(left, first)) {
            first = left;
        }
        if (right < this.length && this.isHigherPriority(right, first)) {
            first = right;
        }
        if (first !== index) {
            var temp = this.items[index];
            this.items[index] = this.items[first];
            this.items[first] = temp;
            this.heapify(first);
        }
    };
    
    priorityProto.peek = function () {  return this.items[0].value; };

    priorityProto.removeAt = function (index) {
        this.items[index] = this.items[--this.length];
        delete this.items[this.length];
        this.heapify();
    };

    priorityProto.dequeue = function () {
        var result = this.peek();
        this.removeAt(0);
        return result;
    };

    priorityProto.enqueue = function (item) {
        var index = this.length++;
        this.items[index] = new IndexedItem(PriorityQueue.count++, item);
        this.percolate(index);
    };

    priorityProto.remove = function (item) {
        for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
            if (this.items[i].value === item) {
                this.removeAt(i);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    };
    PriorityQueue.count = 0;
    /**
     * Represents a group of disposable resources that are disposed together.
     * @constructor
     */
    var CompositeDisposable = Rx.CompositeDisposable = function () {
        this.disposables = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
        this.isDisposed = false;
        this.length = this.disposables.length;
    };

    var CompositeDisposablePrototype = CompositeDisposable.prototype;

    /**
     * Adds a disposable to the CompositeDisposable or disposes the disposable if the CompositeDisposable is disposed.
     * @param {Mixed} item Disposable to add.
     */    
    CompositeDisposablePrototype.add = function (item) {
        if (this.isDisposed) {
            item.dispose();
        } else {
            this.disposables.push(item);
            this.length++;
        }
    };

    /**
     * Removes and disposes the first occurrence of a disposable from the CompositeDisposable.
     * @param {Mixed} item Disposable to remove.
     * @returns {Boolean} true if found; false otherwise.
     */
    CompositeDisposablePrototype.remove = function (item) {
        var shouldDispose = false;
        if (!this.isDisposed) {
            var idx = this.disposables.indexOf(item);
            if (idx !== -1) {
                shouldDispose = true;
                this.disposables.splice(idx, 1);
                this.length--;
                item.dispose();
            }

        }
        return shouldDispose;
    };

    /**
     *  Disposes all disposables in the group and removes them from the group.  
     */
    CompositeDisposablePrototype.dispose = function () {
        if (!this.isDisposed) {
            this.isDisposed = true;
            var currentDisposables = this.disposables.slice(0);
            this.disposables = [];
            this.length = 0;

            for (var i = 0, len = currentDisposables.length; i < len; i++) {
                currentDisposables[i].dispose();
            }
        }
    };

    /**
     * Removes and disposes all disposables from the CompositeDisposable, but does not dispose the CompositeDisposable.
     */   
    CompositeDisposablePrototype.clear = function () {
        var currentDisposables = this.disposables.slice(0);
        this.disposables = [];
        this.length = 0;
        for (var i = 0, len = currentDisposables.length; i < len; i++) {
            currentDisposables[i].dispose();
        }
    };

    /**
     * Determines whether the CompositeDisposable contains a specific disposable.    
     * @param {Mixed} item Disposable to search for.
     * @returns {Boolean} true if the disposable was found; otherwise, false.
     */    
    CompositeDisposablePrototype.contains = function (item) {
        return this.disposables.indexOf(item) !== -1;
    };

    /**
     * Converts the existing CompositeDisposable to an array of disposables
     * @returns {Array} An array of disposable objects.
     */  
    CompositeDisposablePrototype.toArray = function () {
        return this.disposables.slice(0);
    };
    
    /**
     * Provides a set of static methods for creating Disposables.
     *
     * @constructor 
     * @param {Function} dispose Action to run during the first call to dispose. The action is guaranteed to be run at most once.
     */
    var Disposable = Rx.Disposable = function (action) {
        this.isDisposed = false;
        this.action = action || noop;
    };

    /** Performs the task of cleaning up resources. */     
    Disposable.prototype.dispose = function () {
        if (!this.isDisposed) {
            this.action();
            this.isDisposed = true;
        }
    };

    /**
     * Creates a disposable object that invokes the specified action when disposed.
     * @param {Function} dispose Action to run during the first call to dispose. The action is guaranteed to be run at most once.
     * @return {Disposable} The disposable object that runs the given action upon disposal.
     */
    var disposableCreate = Disposable.create = function (action) { return new Disposable(action); };

    /** 
     * Gets the disposable that does nothing when disposed. 
     */
    var disposableEmpty = Disposable.empty = { dispose: noop };

    var BooleanDisposable = (function () {
        function BooleanDisposable (isSingle) {
            this.isSingle = isSingle;
            this.isDisposed = false;
            this.current = null;
        }

        var booleanDisposablePrototype = BooleanDisposable.prototype;

        /**
         * Gets the underlying disposable.
         * @return The underlying disposable.
         */
        booleanDisposablePrototype.getDisposable = function () {
            return this.current;
        };

        /**
         * Sets the underlying disposable.
         * @param {Disposable} value The new underlying disposable.
         */  
        booleanDisposablePrototype.setDisposable = function (value) {
            if (this.current && this.isSingle) {
                throw new Error('Disposable has already been assigned');
            }

            var shouldDispose = this.isDisposed, old;
            if (!shouldDispose) {
                old = this.current;
                this.current = value;
            }
            if (old) {
                old.dispose();
            }
            if (shouldDispose && value) {
                value.dispose();
            }
        };

        /** 
         * Disposes the underlying disposable as well as all future replacements.
         */
        booleanDisposablePrototype.dispose = function () {
            var old;
            if (!this.isDisposed) {
                this.isDisposed = true;
                old = this.current;
                this.current = null;
            }
            if (old) {
                old.dispose();
            }
        };

        return BooleanDisposable;
    }());

    /**
     * Represents a disposable resource which only allows a single assignment of its underlying disposable resource.
     * If an underlying disposable resource has already been set, future attempts to set the underlying disposable resource will throw an Error.
     */
    var SingleAssignmentDisposable = Rx.SingleAssignmentDisposable = (function (super_) {
        inherits(SingleAssignmentDisposable, super_);

        function SingleAssignmentDisposable() {
            super_.call(this, true);
        }

        return SingleAssignmentDisposable;
    }(BooleanDisposable));

    /**
     * Represents a disposable resource whose underlying disposable resource can be replaced by another disposable resource, causing automatic disposal of the previous underlying disposable resource.
     */
    var SerialDisposable = Rx.SerialDisposable = (function (super_) {
        inherits(SerialDisposable, super_);

        function SerialDisposable() {
            super_.call(this, false);
        }

        return SerialDisposable;
    }(BooleanDisposable));

    /**
     * Represents a disposable resource that only disposes its underlying disposable resource when all dependent disposable objects have been disposed.
     */  
    var RefCountDisposable = Rx.RefCountDisposable = (function () {

        function InnerDisposable(disposable) {
            this.disposable = disposable;
            this.disposable.count++;
            this.isInnerDisposed = false;
        }

        InnerDisposable.prototype.dispose = function () {
            if (!this.disposable.isDisposed) {
                if (!this.isInnerDisposed) {
                    this.isInnerDisposed = true;
                    this.disposable.count--;
                    if (this.disposable.count === 0 && this.disposable.isPrimaryDisposed) {
                        this.disposable.isDisposed = true;
                        this.disposable.underlyingDisposable.dispose();
                    }
                }
            }
        };

        /**
         * Initializes a new instance of the RefCountDisposable with the specified disposable.
         * @constructor
         * @param {Disposable} disposable Underlying disposable.
          */
        function RefCountDisposable(disposable) {
            this.underlyingDisposable = disposable;
            this.isDisposed = false;
            this.isPrimaryDisposed = false;
            this.count = 0;
        }

        /** 
         * Disposes the underlying disposable only when all dependent disposables have been disposed 
         */
        RefCountDisposable.prototype.dispose = function () {
            if (!this.isDisposed) {
                if (!this.isPrimaryDisposed) {
                    this.isPrimaryDisposed = true;
                    if (this.count === 0) {
                        this.isDisposed = true;
                        this.underlyingDisposable.dispose();
                    }
                }
            }
        };

        /**
         * Returns a dependent disposable that when disposed decreases the refcount on the underlying disposable.      
         * @returns {Disposable} A dependent disposable contributing to the reference count that manages the underlying disposable's lifetime.
         */        
        RefCountDisposable.prototype.getDisposable = function () {
            return this.isDisposed ? disposableEmpty : new InnerDisposable(this);
        };

        return RefCountDisposable;
    })();

    function ScheduledDisposable(scheduler, disposable) {
        this.scheduler = scheduler;
        this.disposable = disposable;
        this.isDisposed = false;
    }

    ScheduledDisposable.prototype.dispose = function () {
        var parent = this;
        this.scheduler.schedule(function () {
            if (!parent.isDisposed) {
                parent.isDisposed = true;
                parent.disposable.dispose();
            }
        });
    };

    var ScheduledItem = Rx.internals.ScheduledItem = function (scheduler, state, action, dueTime, comparer) {
        this.scheduler = scheduler;
        this.state = state;
        this.action = action;
        this.dueTime = dueTime;
        this.comparer = comparer || defaultSubComparer;
        this.disposable = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
    }

    ScheduledItem.prototype.invoke = function () {
        this.disposable.setDisposable(this.invokeCore());
    };

    ScheduledItem.prototype.compareTo = function (other) {
        return this.comparer(this.dueTime, other.dueTime);
    };

    ScheduledItem.prototype.isCancelled = function () {
        return this.disposable.isDisposed;
    };

    ScheduledItem.prototype.invokeCore = function () {
        return this.action(this.scheduler, this.state);
    };

    /** Provides a set of static properties to access commonly used schedulers. */
    var Scheduler = Rx.Scheduler = (function () {

        /** 
         * @constructor 
         * @private
         */
        function Scheduler(now, schedule, scheduleRelative, scheduleAbsolute) {
            this.now = now;
            this._schedule = schedule;
            this._scheduleRelative = scheduleRelative;
            this._scheduleAbsolute = scheduleAbsolute;
        }

        function invokeRecImmediate(scheduler, pair) {
            var state = pair.first, action = pair.second, group = new CompositeDisposable(),
            recursiveAction = function (state1) {
                action(state1, function (state2) {
                    var isAdded = false, isDone = false,
                    d = scheduler.scheduleWithState(state2, function (scheduler1, state3) {
                        if (isAdded) {
                            group.remove(d);
                        } else {
                            isDone = true;
                        }
                        recursiveAction(state3);
                        return disposableEmpty;
                    });
                    if (!isDone) {
                        group.add(d);
                        isAdded = true;
                    }
                });
            };
            recursiveAction(state);
            return group;
        }

        function invokeRecDate(scheduler, pair, method) {
            var state = pair.first, action = pair.second, group = new CompositeDisposable(),
            recursiveAction = function (state1) {
                action(state1, function (state2, dueTime1) {
                    var isAdded = false, isDone = false,
                    d = scheduler[method].call(scheduler, state2, dueTime1, function (scheduler1, state3) {
                        if (isAdded) {
                            group.remove(d);
                        } else {
                            isDone = true;
                        }
                        recursiveAction(state3);
                        return disposableEmpty;
                    });
                    if (!isDone) {
                        group.add(d);
                        isAdded = true;
                    }
                });
            };
            recursiveAction(state);
            return group;
        }

        function invokeAction(scheduler, action) {
            action();
            return disposableEmpty;
        }

        var schedulerProto = Scheduler.prototype;

        /**
         * Returns a scheduler that wraps the original scheduler, adding exception handling for scheduled actions.       
         * @param {Function} handler Handler that's run if an exception is caught. The exception will be rethrown if the handler returns false.
         * @returns {Scheduler} Wrapper around the original scheduler, enforcing exception handling.
         */        
        schedulerProto.catchException = schedulerProto['catch'] = function (handler) {
            return new CatchScheduler(this, handler);
        };
        
        /**
         * Schedules a periodic piece of work by dynamically discovering the scheduler's capabilities. The periodic task will be scheduled using window.setInterval for the base implementation.       
         * @param {Number} period Period for running the work periodically.
         * @param {Function} action Action to be executed.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled recurring action (best effort).
         */        
        schedulerProto.schedulePeriodic = function (period, action) {
            return this.schedulePeriodicWithState(null, period, function () {
                action();
            });
        };

        /**
         * Schedules a periodic piece of work by dynamically discovering the scheduler's capabilities. The periodic task will be scheduled using window.setInterval for the base implementation.       
         * @param {Mixed} state Initial state passed to the action upon the first iteration.
         * @param {Number} period Period for running the work periodically.
         * @param {Function} action Action to be executed, potentially updating the state.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled recurring action (best effort).
         */
        schedulerProto.schedulePeriodicWithState = function (state, period, action) {
            var s = state, id = setInterval(function () {
                s = action(s);
            }, period);
            return disposableCreate(function () {
                clearInterval(id);
            });
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed.        
         * @param {Function} action Action to execute.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */
        schedulerProto.schedule = function (action) {
            return this._schedule(action, invokeAction);
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed.    
         * @param state State passed to the action to be executed.
         * @param {Function} action Action to be executed.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */
        schedulerProto.scheduleWithState = function (state, action) {
            return this._schedule(state, action);
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed after the specified relative due time.       
         * @param {Function} action Action to execute.
         * @param {Number} dueTime Relative time after which to execute the action.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */
        schedulerProto.scheduleWithRelative = function (dueTime, action) {
            return this._scheduleRelative(action, dueTime, invokeAction);
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed after dueTime.     
         * @param state State passed to the action to be executed.
         * @param {Function} action Action to be executed.
         * @param {Number} dueTime Relative time after which to execute the action.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */
        schedulerProto.scheduleWithRelativeAndState = function (state, dueTime, action) {
            return this._scheduleRelative(state, dueTime, action);
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed at the specified absolute due time.    
         * @param {Function} action Action to execute.
         * @param {Number} dueTime Absolute time at which to execute the action.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
          */
        schedulerProto.scheduleWithAbsolute = function (dueTime, action) {
            return this._scheduleAbsolute(action, dueTime, invokeAction);
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed at dueTime.     
         * @param {Mixed} state State passed to the action to be executed.
         * @param {Function} action Action to be executed.
         * @param {Number}dueTime Absolute time at which to execute the action.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */
        schedulerProto.scheduleWithAbsoluteAndState = function (state, dueTime, action) {
            return this._scheduleAbsolute(state, dueTime, action);
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed recursively.
         * @param {Function} action Action to execute recursively. The parameter passed to the action is used to trigger recursive scheduling of the action.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */
        schedulerProto.scheduleRecursive = function (action) {
            return this.scheduleRecursiveWithState(action, function (_action, self) {
                _action(function () {
                    self(_action);
                });
            });
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed recursively.     
         * @param {Mixed} state State passed to the action to be executed.
         * @param {Function} action Action to execute recursively. The last parameter passed to the action is used to trigger recursive scheduling of the action, passing in recursive invocation state.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */
        schedulerProto.scheduleRecursiveWithState = function (state, action) {
            return this.scheduleWithState({ first: state, second: action }, function (s, p) {
                return invokeRecImmediate(s, p);
            });
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed recursively after a specified relative due time.     
         * @param {Function} action Action to execute recursively. The parameter passed to the action is used to trigger recursive scheduling of the action at the specified relative time.
         * @param {Number}dueTime Relative time after which to execute the action for the first time.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */
        schedulerProto.scheduleRecursiveWithRelative = function (dueTime, action) {
            return this.scheduleRecursiveWithRelativeAndState(action, dueTime, function (_action, self) {
                _action(function (dt) {
                    self(_action, dt);
                });
            });
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed recursively after a specified relative due time.  
         * @param {Mixed} state State passed to the action to be executed.
         * @param {Function} action Action to execute recursively. The last parameter passed to the action is used to trigger recursive scheduling of the action, passing in the recursive due time and invocation state.
         * @param {Number}dueTime Relative time after which to execute the action for the first time.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */
        schedulerProto.scheduleRecursiveWithRelativeAndState = function (state, dueTime, action) {
            return this._scheduleRelative({ first: state, second: action }, dueTime, function (s, p) {
                return invokeRecDate(s, p, 'scheduleWithRelativeAndState');
            });
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed recursively at a specified absolute due time.    
         * @param {Function} action Action to execute recursively. The parameter passed to the action is used to trigger recursive scheduling of the action at the specified absolute time.
         * @param {Number}dueTime Absolute time at which to execute the action for the first time.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */
        schedulerProto.scheduleRecursiveWithAbsolute = function (dueTime, action) {
            return this.scheduleRecursiveWithAbsoluteAndState(action, dueTime, function (_action, self) {
                _action(function (dt) {
                    self(_action, dt);
                });
            });
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed recursively at a specified absolute due time.     
         * @param {Mixed} state State passed to the action to be executed.
         * @param {Function} action Action to execute recursively. The last parameter passed to the action is used to trigger recursive scheduling of the action, passing in the recursive due time and invocation state.
         * @param {Number}dueTime Absolute time at which to execute the action for the first time.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */
        schedulerProto.scheduleRecursiveWithAbsoluteAndState = function (state, dueTime, action) {
            return this._scheduleAbsolute({ first: state, second: action }, dueTime, function (s, p) {
                return invokeRecDate(s, p, 'scheduleWithAbsoluteAndState');
            });
        };

        /** Gets the current time according to the local machine's system clock. */
        Scheduler.now = defaultNow;

        /**
         * Normalizes the specified TimeSpan value to a positive value.
         * @param {Number} timeSpan The time span value to normalize.
         * @returns {Number} The specified TimeSpan value if it is zero or positive; otherwise, 0
         */   
        Scheduler.normalize = function (timeSpan) {
            if (timeSpan < 0) {
                timeSpan = 0;
            }
            return timeSpan;
        };

        return Scheduler;
    }());

    var normalizeTime = Scheduler.normalize;
    
    var SchedulePeriodicRecursive = Rx.internals.SchedulePeriodicRecursive = (function () {
        function tick(command, recurse) {
            recurse(0, this._period);
            try {
                this._state = this._action(this._state);
            } catch (e) {
                this._cancel.dispose();
                throw e;
            }
        }

        function SchedulePeriodicRecursive(scheduler, state, period, action) {
            this._scheduler = scheduler;
            this._state = state;
            this._period = period;
            this._action = action;
        }

        SchedulePeriodicRecursive.prototype.start = function () {
            var d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
            this._cancel = d;
            d.setDisposable(this._scheduler.scheduleRecursiveWithRelativeAndState(0, this._period, tick.bind(this)));

            return d;
        };

        return SchedulePeriodicRecursive;
    }());

  /**
   * Gets a scheduler that schedules work immediately on the current thread.
   */    
  var immediateScheduler = Scheduler.immediate = (function () {

    function scheduleNow(state, action) { return action(this, state); }

    function scheduleRelative(state, dueTime, action) {
      var dt = normalizeTime(dt);
      while (dt - this.now() > 0) { }
      return action(this, state);
    }

    function scheduleAbsolute(state, dueTime, action) {
      return this.scheduleWithRelativeAndState(state, dueTime - this.now(), action);
    }

    return new Scheduler(defaultNow, scheduleNow, scheduleRelative, scheduleAbsolute);
  }());

    /** 
     * Gets a scheduler that schedules work as soon as possible on the current thread.
     */
    var currentThreadScheduler = Scheduler.currentThread = (function () {
        var queue;

        function runTrampoline (q) {
            var item;
            while (q.length > 0) {
                item = q.dequeue();
                if (!item.isCancelled()) {
                    // Note, do not schedule blocking work!
                    while (item.dueTime - Scheduler.now() > 0) {
                    }
                    if (!item.isCancelled()) {
                        item.invoke();
                    }
                }
            }            
        }

        function scheduleNow(state, action) {
            return this.scheduleWithRelativeAndState(state, 0, action);
        }

        function scheduleRelative(state, dueTime, action) {
            var dt = this.now() + Scheduler.normalize(dueTime),
                    si = new ScheduledItem(this, state, action, dt),
                    t;
            if (!queue) {
                queue = new PriorityQueue(4);
                queue.enqueue(si);
                try {
                    runTrampoline(queue);
                } catch (e) { 
                    throw e;
                } finally {
                    queue = null;
                }
            } else {
                queue.enqueue(si);
            }
            return si.disposable;
        }

        function scheduleAbsolute(state, dueTime, action) {
            return this.scheduleWithRelativeAndState(state, dueTime - this.now(), action);
        }

        var currentScheduler = new Scheduler(defaultNow, scheduleNow, scheduleRelative, scheduleAbsolute);
        currentScheduler.scheduleRequired = function () { return queue === null; };
        currentScheduler.ensureTrampoline = function (action) {
            if (queue === null) {
                return this.schedule(action);
            } else {
                return action();
            }
        };

        return currentScheduler;
    }());

  
  var scheduleMethod, clearMethod = noop;
  (function () {

      var reNative = RegExp('^' +
        String(toString)
          .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')
          .replace(/toString| for [^\]]+/g, '.*?') + '$'
      );

      var setImmediate = typeof (setImmediate = freeGlobal && moduleExports && freeGlobal.setImmediate) == 'function' &&
        !reNative.test(setImmediate) && setImmediate,
        clearImmediate = typeof (clearImmediate = freeGlobal && moduleExports && freeGlobal.clearImmediate) == 'function' &&
        !reNative.test(clearImmediate) && clearImmediate;

      function postMessageSupported () {
        // Ensure not in a worker
        if (!root.postMessage || root.importScripts) { return false; }
        var isAsync = false, 
            oldHandler = root.onmessage;
        // Test for async
        root.onmessage = function () { isAsync = true; };
        root.postMessage('','*');
        root.onmessage = oldHandler;

        return isAsync;
      }

      // Use in order, nextTick, setImmediate, postMessage, MessageChannel, script readystatechanged, setTimeout
      if (typeof process !== 'undefined' && {}.toString.call(process) === '[object process]') {
        scheduleMethod = process.nextTick;
      } else if (typeof setImmediate === 'function') {
        scheduleMethod = setImmediate;
        clearMethod = clearImmediate;
      } else if (postMessageSupported()) {
          var MSG_PREFIX = 'ms.rx.schedule' + Math.random(),
            tasks = {},
            taskId = 0;

          function onGlobalPostMessage(event) {
            // Only if we're a match to avoid any other global events
            if (typeof event.data === 'string' && event.data.substring(0, MSG_PREFIX.length) === MSG_PREFIX) {
              var handleId = event.data.substring(MSG_PREFIX.length),
                action = tasks[handleId];
              action();
              delete tasks[handleId];
            }
          }

          if (root.addEventListener) {
            root.addEventListener('message', onGlobalPostMessage, false);
          } else {
            root.attachEvent('onmessage', onGlobalPostMessage, false);
          }

          scheduleMethod = function (action) {
            var currentId = taskId++;
            tasks[currentId] = action;
            root.postMessage(MSG_PREFIX + currentId, '*');
          };
      } else if (!!root.MessageChannel) {
          var channel = new root.MessageChannel(),
            channelTasks = {},
            channelTaskId = 0;

          channel.port1.onmessage = function (event) {
            var id = event.data,
              action = channelTasks[id];
            action();
            delete channelTasks[id];
          };

          scheduleMethod = function (action) {
            var id = channelTaskId++;
            channelTasks[id] = action;
            channel.port2.postMessage(id);     
          };
      } else if ('document' in root && 'onreadystatechange' in root.document.createElement('script')) {
          
        scheduleMethod = function (action) {
          var scriptElement = root.document.createElement('script');
          scriptElement.onreadystatechange = function () { 
            action();
            scriptElement.onreadystatechange = null;
            scriptElement.parentNode.removeChild(scriptElement);
            scriptElement = null;  
          };
          root.document.documentElement.appendChild(scriptElement);  
        };

      } else {
        scheduleMethod = function (action) { return setTimeout(action, 0); };
        clearMethod = clearTimeout;
      }
  }());

  /** 
   * Gets a scheduler that schedules work via a timed callback based upon platform.
   */
  var timeoutScheduler = Scheduler.timeout = (function () {

    function scheduleNow(state, action) {
        var scheduler = this,
          disposable = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
        var id = scheduleMethod(function () {
          if (!disposable.isDisposed) {
            disposable.setDisposable(action(scheduler, state));
          }
        });
        return new CompositeDisposable(disposable, disposableCreate(function () {
          clearMethod(id);
        }));
    }

    function scheduleRelative(state, dueTime, action) {
        var scheduler = this,
          dt = Scheduler.normalize(dueTime);
        if (dt === 0) {
          return scheduler.scheduleWithState(state, action);
        }
        var disposable = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
        var id = setTimeout(function () {
          if (!disposable.isDisposed) {
            disposable.setDisposable(action(scheduler, state));
          }
        }, dt);
        return new CompositeDisposable(disposable, disposableCreate(function () {
          clearTimeout(id);
        }));
    }

    function scheduleAbsolute(state, dueTime, action) {
      return this.scheduleWithRelativeAndState(state, dueTime - this.now(), action);
    }

    return new Scheduler(defaultNow, scheduleNow, scheduleRelative, scheduleAbsolute);
  })();

    /** @private */
    var CatchScheduler = (function (_super) {

        function localNow() {
            return this._scheduler.now();
        }

        function scheduleNow(state, action) {
            return this._scheduler.scheduleWithState(state, this._wrap(action));
        }

        function scheduleRelative(state, dueTime, action) {
            return this._scheduler.scheduleWithRelativeAndState(state, dueTime, this._wrap(action));
        }

        function scheduleAbsolute(state, dueTime, action) {
            return this._scheduler.scheduleWithAbsoluteAndState(state, dueTime, this._wrap(action));
        }

        inherits(CatchScheduler, _super);

        /** @private */
        function CatchScheduler(scheduler, handler) {
            this._scheduler = scheduler;
            this._handler = handler;
            this._recursiveOriginal = null;
            this._recursiveWrapper = null;
            _super.call(this, localNow, scheduleNow, scheduleRelative, scheduleAbsolute);
        }

        /** @private */
        CatchScheduler.prototype._clone = function (scheduler) {
            return new CatchScheduler(scheduler, this._handler);
        };

        /** @private */
        CatchScheduler.prototype._wrap = function (action) {
            var parent = this;
            return function (self, state) {
                try {
                    return action(parent._getRecursiveWrapper(self), state);
                } catch (e) {
                    if (!parent._handler(e)) { throw e; }
                    return disposableEmpty;
                }
            };
        };

        /** @private */
        CatchScheduler.prototype._getRecursiveWrapper = function (scheduler) {
            if (this._recursiveOriginal !== scheduler) {
                this._recursiveOriginal = scheduler;
                var wrapper = this._clone(scheduler);
                wrapper._recursiveOriginal = scheduler;
                wrapper._recursiveWrapper = wrapper;
                this._recursiveWrapper = wrapper;
            }
            return this._recursiveWrapper;
        };

        /** @private */
        CatchScheduler.prototype.schedulePeriodicWithState = function (state, period, action) {
            var self = this, failed = false, d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();

            d.setDisposable(this._scheduler.schedulePeriodicWithState(state, period, function (state1) {
                if (failed) { return null; }
                try {
                    return action(state1);
                } catch (e) {
                    failed = true;
                    if (!self._handler(e)) { throw e; }
                    d.dispose();
                    return null;
                }
            }));

            return d;
        };

        return CatchScheduler;
    }(Scheduler));

    /**
     *  Represents a notification to an observer.
     */
    var Notification = Rx.Notification = (function () {
        function Notification(kind, hasValue) { 
            this.hasValue = hasValue == null ? false : hasValue;
            this.kind = kind;
        }

        var NotificationPrototype = Notification.prototype;

        /**
         * Invokes the delegate corresponding to the notification or the observer's method corresponding to the notification and returns the produced result.
         * 
         * @memberOf Notification
         * @param {Any} observerOrOnNext Delegate to invoke for an OnNext notification or Observer to invoke the notification on..
         * @param {Function} onError Delegate to invoke for an OnError notification.
         * @param {Function} onCompleted Delegate to invoke for an OnCompleted notification.
         * @returns {Any} Result produced by the observation.
         */
        NotificationPrototype.accept = function (observerOrOnNext, onError, onCompleted) {
            if (arguments.length === 1 && typeof observerOrOnNext === 'object') {
                return this._acceptObservable(observerOrOnNext);
            }
            return this._accept(observerOrOnNext, onError, onCompleted);
        };

        /**
         * Returns an observable sequence with a single notification.
         * 
         * @memberOf Notification
         * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler to send out the notification calls on.
         * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that surfaces the behavior of the notification upon subscription.
         */
        NotificationPrototype.toObservable = function (scheduler) {
            var notification = this;
            scheduler || (scheduler = immediateScheduler);
            return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
                return scheduler.schedule(function () {
                    notification._acceptObservable(observer);
                    if (notification.kind === 'N') {
                        observer.onCompleted();
                    }
                });
            });
        };

        return Notification;
    })();

    /**
     * Creates an object that represents an OnNext notification to an observer.
     * @param {Any} value The value contained in the notification.
     * @returns {Notification} The OnNext notification containing the value.
     */
    var notificationCreateOnNext = Notification.createOnNext = (function () {

        function _accept (onNext) {
            return onNext(this.value);
        }

        function _acceptObservable(observer) {
            return observer.onNext(this.value);
        }

        function toString () {
            return 'OnNext(' + this.value + ')';
        }

        return function (value) {
            var notification = new Notification('N', true);
            notification.value = value;
            notification._accept = _accept;
            notification._acceptObservable = _acceptObservable;
            notification.toString = toString;
            return notification;
        };
    }());

    /**
     * Creates an object that represents an OnError notification to an observer.
     * @param {Any} error The exception contained in the notification.
     * @returns {Notification} The OnError notification containing the exception.
     */
    var notificationCreateOnError = Notification.createOnError = (function () {

        function _accept (onNext, onError) {
            return onError(this.exception);
        }

        function _acceptObservable(observer) {
            return observer.onError(this.exception);
        }

        function toString () {
            return 'OnError(' + this.exception + ')';
        }

        return function (exception) {
            var notification = new Notification('E');
            notification.exception = exception;
            notification._accept = _accept;
            notification._acceptObservable = _acceptObservable;
            notification.toString = toString;
            return notification;
        };
    }());

    /**
     * Creates an object that represents an OnCompleted notification to an observer.
     * @returns {Notification} The OnCompleted notification.
     */
    var notificationCreateOnCompleted = Notification.createOnCompleted = (function () {

        function _accept (onNext, onError, onCompleted) {
            return onCompleted();
        }

        function _acceptObservable(observer) {
            return observer.onCompleted();
        }

        function toString () {
            return 'OnCompleted()';
        }

        return function () {
            var notification = new Notification('C');
            notification._accept = _accept;
            notification._acceptObservable = _acceptObservable;
            notification.toString = toString;
            return notification;
        };
    }());

  var Enumerator = Rx.internals.Enumerator = function (next) {
    this._next = next;
  };

  Enumerator.prototype.next = function () {
    return this._next();
  };

  Enumerator.prototype[$iterator$] = function () { return this; }

  var Enumerable = Rx.internals.Enumerable = function (iterator) {
    this._iterator = iterator;
  };

  Enumerable.prototype[$iterator$] = function () {
    return this._iterator();
  };

  Enumerable.prototype.concat = function () {
    var sources = this;
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var e;
      try {
        e = sources[$iterator$]();
      } catch(err) {
        observer.onError();
        return;
      }

      var isDisposed, 
        subscription = new SerialDisposable();
      var cancelable = immediateScheduler.scheduleRecursive(function (self) {
        var currentItem;
        if (isDisposed) { return; }

        try {
          currentItem = e.next();
        } catch (ex) {
          observer.onError(ex);
          return;
        }

        if (currentItem.done) {
          observer.onCompleted();
          return;
        }

        // Check if promise
        var currentValue = currentItem.value;
        isPromise(currentValue) && (currentValue = observableFromPromise(currentValue));

        var d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
        subscription.setDisposable(d);
        d.setDisposable(currentValue.subscribe(
          observer.onNext.bind(observer),
          observer.onError.bind(observer),
          function () { self(); })
        );
      });

      return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, cancelable, disposableCreate(function () {
        isDisposed = true;
      }));
    });
  };

  Enumerable.prototype.catchException = function () {
    var sources = this;
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var e;
      try {
        e = sources[$iterator$]();
      } catch(err) {
        observer.onError();
        return;
      }

      var isDisposed, 
        lastException,
        subscription = new SerialDisposable();
      var cancelable = immediateScheduler.scheduleRecursive(function (self) {
        if (isDisposed) { return; }

        var currentItem;
        try {
          currentItem = e.next();
        } catch (ex) {
          observer.onError(ex);
          return;
        }

        if (currentItem.done) {
          if (lastException) {
            observer.onError(lastException);
          } else {
            observer.onCompleted();
          }
          return;
        }

        // Check if promise
        var currentValue = currentItem.value;
        isPromise(currentValue) && (currentValue = observableFromPromise(currentValue));        

        var d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
        subscription.setDisposable(d);
        d.setDisposable(currentValue.subscribe(
          observer.onNext.bind(observer),
          function (exn) {
            lastException = exn;
            self();
          },
          observer.onCompleted.bind(observer)));
      });
      return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, cancelable, disposableCreate(function () {
        isDisposed = true;
      }));
    });
  };

  var enumerableRepeat = Enumerable.repeat = function (value, repeatCount) {
    if (repeatCount == null) { repeatCount = -1; }
    return new Enumerable(function () {
      var left = repeatCount;
      return new Enumerator(function () {
        if (left === 0) { return doneEnumerator; }
        if (left > 0) { left--; }
        return { done: false, value: value };
      });
    });
  };

  var enumerableFor = Enumerable.forEach = function (source, selector, thisArg) {
    selector || (selector = identity);
    return new Enumerable(function () {
      var index = -1;
      return new Enumerator(
        function () {
          return ++index < source.length ?
            { done: false, value: selector.call(thisArg, source[index], index, source) } :
            doneEnumerator;
        });
    });
  };

  /**
   * Supports push-style iteration over an observable sequence.
   */
  var Observer = Rx.Observer = function () { };

  /**
   *  Creates a notification callback from an observer.
   *  
   * @param observer Observer object.
   * @returns The action that forwards its input notification to the underlying observer.
   */
  Observer.prototype.toNotifier = function () {
    var observer = this;
    return function (n) {
      return n.accept(observer);
    };
  };

  /**
   *  Hides the identity of an observer.

   * @returns An observer that hides the identity of the specified observer. 
   */   
  Observer.prototype.asObserver = function () {
    return new AnonymousObserver(this.onNext.bind(this), this.onError.bind(this), this.onCompleted.bind(this));
  };

  /**
   *  Checks access to the observer for grammar violations. This includes checking for multiple OnError or OnCompleted calls, as well as reentrancy in any of the observer methods.
   *  If a violation is detected, an Error is thrown from the offending observer method call.
   *  
   * @returns An observer that checks callbacks invocations against the observer grammar and, if the checks pass, forwards those to the specified observer.
   */    
  Observer.prototype.checked = function () { return new CheckedObserver(this); };

  /**
   *  Creates an observer from the specified OnNext, along with optional OnError, and OnCompleted actions.
   *  
   * @static
   * @memberOf Observer
   * @param {Function} [onNext] Observer's OnNext action implementation.
   * @param {Function} [onError] Observer's OnError action implementation.
   * @param {Function} [onCompleted] Observer's OnCompleted action implementation.
   * @returns {Observer} The observer object implemented using the given actions.
   */
  var observerCreate = Observer.create = function (onNext, onError, onCompleted) {
    onNext || (onNext = noop);
    onError || (onError = defaultError);
    onCompleted || (onCompleted = noop);
    return new AnonymousObserver(onNext, onError, onCompleted);
  };

  /**
   *  Creates an observer from a notification callback.
   *  
   * @static
   * @memberOf Observer
   * @param {Function} handler Action that handles a notification.
   * @returns The observer object that invokes the specified handler using a notification corresponding to each message it receives.
   */
  Observer.fromNotifier = function (handler) {
    return new AnonymousObserver(function (x) {
      return handler(notificationCreateOnNext(x));
    }, function (exception) {
      return handler(notificationCreateOnError(exception));
    }, function () {
      return handler(notificationCreateOnCompleted());
    });
  };

  /**
   * Schedules the invocation of observer methods on the given scheduler.
   * @param {Scheduler} scheduler Scheduler to schedule observer messages on.
   * @returns {Observer} Observer whose messages are scheduled on the given scheduler.
   */
  Observer.notifyOn = function (scheduler) {
    return new ObserveOnObserver(scheduler, this);
  };
  
    /**
     * Abstract base class for implementations of the Observer class.
     * This base class enforces the grammar of observers where OnError and OnCompleted are terminal messages. 
     */
    var AbstractObserver = Rx.internals.AbstractObserver = (function (_super) {
        inherits(AbstractObserver, _super);

        /**
         * Creates a new observer in a non-stopped state.
         *
         * @constructor
         */
        function AbstractObserver() {
            this.isStopped = false;
            _super.call(this);
        }

        /**
         * Notifies the observer of a new element in the sequence.
         *  
         * @memberOf AbstractObserver
         * @param {Any} value Next element in the sequence. 
         */
        AbstractObserver.prototype.onNext = function (value) {
            if (!this.isStopped) {
                this.next(value);
            }
        };

        /**
         * Notifies the observer that an exception has occurred.
         * 
         * @memberOf AbstractObserver
         * @param {Any} error The error that has occurred.     
         */    
        AbstractObserver.prototype.onError = function (error) {
            if (!this.isStopped) {
                this.isStopped = true;
                this.error(error);
            }
        };

        /**
         * Notifies the observer of the end of the sequence.
         */    
        AbstractObserver.prototype.onCompleted = function () {
            if (!this.isStopped) {
                this.isStopped = true;
                this.completed();
            }
        };

        /**
         * Disposes the observer, causing it to transition to the stopped state.
         */
        AbstractObserver.prototype.dispose = function () {
            this.isStopped = true;
        };

        AbstractObserver.prototype.fail = function (e) {
            if (!this.isStopped) {
                this.isStopped = true;
                this.error(e);
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        };

        return AbstractObserver;
    }(Observer));

  /**
   * Class to create an Observer instance from delegate-based implementations of the on* methods.
   */
  var AnonymousObserver = Rx.AnonymousObserver = (function (_super) {
    inherits(AnonymousObserver, _super);

    /**
     * Creates an observer from the specified OnNext, OnError, and OnCompleted actions.
     * @param {Any} onNext Observer's OnNext action implementation.
     * @param {Any} onError Observer's OnError action implementation.
     * @param {Any} onCompleted Observer's OnCompleted action implementation.  
     */      
    function AnonymousObserver(onNext, onError, onCompleted) {
      _super.call(this);
      this._onNext = onNext;
      this._onError = onError;
      this._onCompleted = onCompleted;
    }

    /**
     * Calls the onNext action.
     * @param {Any} value Next element in the sequence.   
     */     
    AnonymousObserver.prototype.next = function (value) {
      this._onNext(value);
    };

    /**
     * Calls the onError action.
     * @param {Any} error The error that has occurred.   
     */     
    AnonymousObserver.prototype.error = function (exception) {
      this._onError(exception);
    };

    /**
     *  Calls the onCompleted action.
     */        
    AnonymousObserver.prototype.completed = function () {
      this._onCompleted();
    };

    return AnonymousObserver;
  }(AbstractObserver));

    var CheckedObserver = (function (_super) {
        inherits(CheckedObserver, _super);

        function CheckedObserver(observer) {
            _super.call(this);
            this._observer = observer;
            this._state = 0; // 0 - idle, 1 - busy, 2 - done
        }

        var CheckedObserverPrototype = CheckedObserver.prototype;

        CheckedObserverPrototype.onNext = function (value) {
            this.checkAccess();
            try {
                this._observer.onNext(value);
            } catch (e) { 
                throw e;                
            } finally {
                this._state = 0;
            }
        };

        CheckedObserverPrototype.onError = function (err) {
            this.checkAccess();
            try {
                this._observer.onError(err);
            } catch (e) { 
                throw e;                
            } finally {
                this._state = 2;
            }
        };

        CheckedObserverPrototype.onCompleted = function () {
            this.checkAccess();
            try {
                this._observer.onCompleted();
            } catch (e) { 
                throw e;                
            } finally {
                this._state = 2;
            }
        };

        CheckedObserverPrototype.checkAccess = function () {
            if (this._state === 1) { throw new Error('Re-entrancy detected'); }
            if (this._state === 2) { throw new Error('Observer completed'); }
            if (this._state === 0) { this._state = 1; }
        };

        return CheckedObserver;
    }(Observer));

  var ScheduledObserver = Rx.internals.ScheduledObserver = (function (_super) {
    inherits(ScheduledObserver, _super);

    function ScheduledObserver(scheduler, observer) {
      _super.call(this);
      this.scheduler = scheduler;
      this.observer = observer;
      this.isAcquired = false;
      this.hasFaulted = false;
      this.queue = [];
      this.disposable = new SerialDisposable();
    }

    ScheduledObserver.prototype.next = function (value) {
      var self = this;
      this.queue.push(function () {
        self.observer.onNext(value);
      });
    };

    ScheduledObserver.prototype.error = function (exception) {
      var self = this;
      this.queue.push(function () {
        self.observer.onError(exception);
      });
    };

    ScheduledObserver.prototype.completed = function () {
      var self = this;
      this.queue.push(function () {
        self.observer.onCompleted();
      });
    };

    ScheduledObserver.prototype.ensureActive = function () {
      var isOwner = false, parent = this;
      if (!this.hasFaulted && this.queue.length > 0) {
        isOwner = !this.isAcquired;
        this.isAcquired = true;
      }
      if (isOwner) {
        this.disposable.setDisposable(this.scheduler.scheduleRecursive(function (self) {
          var work;
          if (parent.queue.length > 0) {
            work = parent.queue.shift();
          } else {
            parent.isAcquired = false;
            return;
          }
          try {
            work();
          } catch (ex) {
            parent.queue = [];
            parent.hasFaulted = true;
            throw ex;
          }
          self();
        }));
      }
    };

    ScheduledObserver.prototype.dispose = function () {
      _super.prototype.dispose.call(this);
      this.disposable.dispose();
    };

    return ScheduledObserver;
  }(AbstractObserver));

    /** @private */
    var ObserveOnObserver = (function (_super) {
        inherits(ObserveOnObserver, _super);

        /** @private */ 
        function ObserveOnObserver() {
            _super.apply(this, arguments);
        }

        /** @private */ 
        ObserveOnObserver.prototype.next = function (value) {
            _super.prototype.next.call(this, value);
            this.ensureActive();
        };

        /** @private */ 
        ObserveOnObserver.prototype.error = function (e) {
            _super.prototype.error.call(this, e);
            this.ensureActive();
        };

        /** @private */ 
        ObserveOnObserver.prototype.completed = function () {
            _super.prototype.completed.call(this);
            this.ensureActive();
        };

        return ObserveOnObserver;
    })(ScheduledObserver);

  var observableProto;

  /**
   * Represents a push-style collection.
   */
  var Observable = Rx.Observable = (function () {

    function Observable(subscribe) {
      this._subscribe = subscribe;
    }

    observableProto = Observable.prototype;

    /**
     *  Subscribes an observer to the observable sequence.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - source.subscribe();
     *  2 - source.subscribe(observer);
     *  3 - source.subscribe(function (x) { console.log(x); });
     *  4 - source.subscribe(function (x) { console.log(x); }, function (err) { console.log(err); });
     *  5 - source.subscribe(function (x) { console.log(x); }, function (err) { console.log(err); }, function () { console.log('done'); });
     *  @param {Mixed} [observerOrOnNext] The object that is to receive notifications or an action to invoke for each element in the observable sequence.
     *  @param {Function} [onError] Action to invoke upon exceptional termination of the observable sequence.
     *  @param {Function} [onCompleted] Action to invoke upon graceful termination of the observable sequence.
     *  @returns {Diposable} The source sequence whose subscriptions and unsubscriptions happen on the specified scheduler. 
     */
    observableProto.subscribe = observableProto.forEach = function (observerOrOnNext, onError, onCompleted) {
      var subscriber = typeof observerOrOnNext === 'object' ?
        observerOrOnNext :
        observerCreate(observerOrOnNext, onError, onCompleted);

      return this._subscribe(subscriber);
    };

    return Observable;
  })();

     /**
     *  Wraps the source sequence in order to run its observer callbacks on the specified scheduler.
     * 
     *  This only invokes observer callbacks on a scheduler. In case the subscription and/or unsubscription actions have side-effects
     *  that require to be run on a scheduler, use subscribeOn.
     *          
     *  @param {Scheduler} scheduler Scheduler to notify observers on.
     *  @returns {Observable} The source sequence whose observations happen on the specified scheduler.     
     */
    observableProto.observeOn = function (scheduler) {
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return source.subscribe(new ObserveOnObserver(scheduler, observer));
        });
    };

     /**
     *  Wraps the source sequence in order to run its subscription and unsubscription logic on the specified scheduler. This operation is not commonly used;
     *  see the remarks section for more information on the distinction between subscribeOn and observeOn.

     *  This only performs the side-effects of subscription and unsubscription on the specified scheduler. In order to invoke observer
     *  callbacks on a scheduler, use observeOn.

     *  @param {Scheduler} scheduler Scheduler to perform subscription and unsubscription actions on.
     *  @returns {Observable} The source sequence whose subscriptions and unsubscriptions happen on the specified scheduler.
     */
    observableProto.subscribeOn = function (scheduler) {
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var m = new SingleAssignmentDisposable(), d = new SerialDisposable();
            d.setDisposable(m);
            m.setDisposable(scheduler.schedule(function () {
                d.setDisposable(new ScheduledDisposable(scheduler, source.subscribe(observer)));
            }));
            return d;
        });
    };

  /**
   * Converts a Promise to an Observable sequence
   * @param {Promise} An ES6 Compliant promise.
   * @returns {Observable} An Observable sequence which wraps the existing promise success and failure.
   */
  var observableFromPromise = Observable.fromPromise = function (promise) {
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      promise.then(
        function (value) {
          observer.onNext(value);
          observer.onCompleted();
        }, 
        function (reason) {
          observer.onError(reason);
        });

      return function () {
        if (promise && promise.abort) {
          promise.abort();
        }
      }
    });
  };
    /*
     * Converts an existing observable sequence to an ES6 Compatible Promise
     * @example
     * var promise = Rx.Observable.return(42).toPromise(RSVP.Promise);
     * 
     * // With config
     * Rx.config.Promise = RSVP.Promise;
     * var promise = Rx.Observable.return(42).toPromise();
     * @param {Function} [promiseCtor] The constructor of the promise. If not provided, it looks for it in Rx.config.Promise.
     * @returns {Promise} An ES6 compatible promise with the last value from the observable sequence.
     */
    observableProto.toPromise = function (promiseCtor) {
        promiseCtor || (promiseCtor = Rx.config.Promise);
        if (!promiseCtor) {
            throw new Error('Promise type not provided nor in Rx.config.Promise');
        }
        var source = this;
        return new promiseCtor(function (resolve, reject) {
            // No cancellation can be done
            var value, hasValue = false;
            source.subscribe(function (v) {
                value = v;
                hasValue = true;
            }, function (err) {
                reject(err);
            }, function () {
                if (hasValue) {
                    resolve(value);
                }
            });
        });
    };
  /**
   * Creates a list from an observable sequence.
   * @returns An observable sequence containing a single element with a list containing all the elements of the source sequence.  
   */
  observableProto.toArray = function () {
    var self = this;
    return new AnonymousObservable(function(observer) {
      var arr = [];
      return self.subscribe(
        arr.push.bind(arr),
        observer.onError.bind(observer),
        function () {
          observer.onNext(arr);
          observer.onCompleted();
        });
    });
  };

    /**
     *  Creates an observable sequence from a specified subscribe method implementation.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) { return function () { } );
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) { return Rx.Disposable.empty; } ); 
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.create(function (observer) { } ); 
     *  
     * @param {Function} subscribe Implementation of the resulting observable sequence's subscribe method, returning a function that will be wrapped in a Disposable.
     * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence with the specified implementation for the Subscribe method.
     */
    Observable.create = Observable.createWithDisposable = function (subscribe) {
        return new AnonymousObservable(subscribe);
    };

  /**
   *  Returns an observable sequence that invokes the specified factory function whenever a new observer subscribes.
   *  
   * @example
   *  var res = Rx.Observable.defer(function () { return Rx.Observable.fromArray([1,2,3]); });    
   * @param {Function} observableFactory Observable factory function to invoke for each observer that subscribes to the resulting sequence or Promise.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose observers trigger an invocation of the given observable factory function.
   */
  var observableDefer = Observable.defer = function (observableFactory) {
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var result;
      try {
        result = observableFactory();
      } catch (e) {
        return observableThrow(e).subscribe(observer);
      }
      isPromise(result) && (result = observableFromPromise(result));
      return result.subscribe(observer);
    });
  };

    /**
     *  Returns an empty observable sequence, using the specified scheduler to send out the single OnCompleted message.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.empty();  
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.empty(Rx.Scheduler.timeout);  
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler to send the termination call on.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence with no elements.
     */
    var observableEmpty = Observable.empty = function (scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = immediateScheduler);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return scheduler.schedule(function () {
                observer.onCompleted();
            });
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Converts an array to an observable sequence, using an optional scheduler to enumerate the array.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.fromArray([1,2,3]);
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.fromArray([1,2,3], Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler to run the enumeration of the input sequence on.
     * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence whose elements are pulled from the given enumerable sequence.
     */
    var observableFromArray = Observable.fromArray = function (array, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = currentThreadScheduler);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var count = 0;
            return scheduler.scheduleRecursive(function (self) {
                if (count < array.length) {
                    observer.onNext(array[count++]);
                    self();
                } else {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            });
        });
    };

  /**
   *  Converts an iterable into an Observable sequence
   *  
   * @example
   *  var res = Rx.Observable.fromIterable(new Map());
   *  var res = Rx.Observable.fromIterable(new Set(), Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
   * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler to run the enumeration of the input sequence on.
   * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence whose elements are pulled from the given generator sequence.
   */
  Observable.fromIterable = function (iterable, scheduler) {
    scheduler || (scheduler = currentThreadScheduler);
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var iterator;
      try {
        iterator = iterable[$iterator$]();
      } catch (e) {
        observer.onError(e);
        return;
      }

      return scheduler.scheduleRecursive(function (self) {
        var next;
        try {
          next = iterator.next();
        } catch (err) {
          observer.onError(err);
          return;
        }

        if (next.done) {
          observer.onCompleted();
        } else {
          observer.onNext(next.value);
          self();
        }
      });
    });
  };

    /**
     *  Generates an observable sequence by running a state-driven loop producing the sequence's elements, using the specified scheduler to send out observer messages.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.generate(0, function (x) { return x < 10; }, function (x) { return x + 1; }, function (x) { return x; });
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.generate(0, function (x) { return x < 10; }, function (x) { return x + 1; }, function (x) { return x; }, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     * @param {Mixed} initialState Initial state.
     * @param {Function} condition Condition to terminate generation (upon returning false).
     * @param {Function} iterate Iteration step function.
     * @param {Function} resultSelector Selector function for results produced in the sequence.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler on which to run the generator loop. If not provided, defaults to Scheduler.currentThread.
     * @returns {Observable} The generated sequence.
     */
    Observable.generate = function (initialState, condition, iterate, resultSelector, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = currentThreadScheduler);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var first = true, state = initialState;
            return scheduler.scheduleRecursive(function (self) {
                var hasResult, result;
                try {
                    if (first) {
                        first = false;
                    } else {
                        state = iterate(state);
                    }
                    hasResult = condition(state);
                    if (hasResult) {
                        result = resultSelector(state);
                    }
                } catch (exception) {
                    observer.onError(exception);
                    return;
                }
                if (hasResult) {
                    observer.onNext(result);
                    self();
                } else {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            });
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Returns a non-terminating observable sequence, which can be used to denote an infinite duration (e.g. when using reactive joins).
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose observers will never get called.
     */
    var observableNever = Observable.never = function () {
        return new AnonymousObservable(function () {
            return disposableEmpty;
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Generates an observable sequence of integral numbers within a specified range, using the specified scheduler to send out observer messages.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.range(0, 10);
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.range(0, 10, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     * @param {Number} start The value of the first integer in the sequence.
     * @param {Number} count The number of sequential integers to generate.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler to run the generator loop on. If not specified, defaults to Scheduler.currentThread.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains a range of sequential integral numbers.
     */
    Observable.range = function (start, count, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = currentThreadScheduler);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return scheduler.scheduleRecursiveWithState(0, function (i, self) {
                if (i < count) {
                    observer.onNext(start + i);
                    self(i + 1);
                } else {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            });
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Generates an observable sequence that repeats the given element the specified number of times, using the specified scheduler to send out observer messages.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.repeat(42);
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.repeat(42, 4);
     *  3 - res = Rx.Observable.repeat(42, 4, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     *  4 - res = Rx.Observable.repeat(42, null, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     * @param {Mixed} value Element to repeat.
     * @param {Number} repeatCount [Optiona] Number of times to repeat the element. If not specified, repeats indefinitely.
     * @param {Scheduler} scheduler Scheduler to run the producer loop on. If not specified, defaults to Scheduler.immediate.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that repeats the given element the specified number of times.
     */
    Observable.repeat = function (value, repeatCount, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = currentThreadScheduler);
        if (repeatCount == null) {
            repeatCount = -1;
        }
        return observableReturn(value, scheduler).repeat(repeatCount);
    };

    /**
     *  Returns an observable sequence that contains a single element, using the specified scheduler to send out observer messages.
     *  There is an alias called 'returnValue' for browsers <IE9.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.return(42);
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.return(42, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     * @param {Mixed} value Single element in the resulting observable sequence.
     * @param {Scheduler} scheduler Scheduler to send the single element on. If not specified, defaults to Scheduler.immediate.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the single specified element.
     */
    var observableReturn = Observable['return'] = Observable.returnValue = function (value, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = immediateScheduler);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return scheduler.schedule(function () {
                observer.onNext(value);
                observer.onCompleted();
            });
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Returns an observable sequence that terminates with an exception, using the specified scheduler to send out the single onError message.
     *  There is an alias to this method called 'throwException' for browsers <IE9.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.throwException(new Error('Error'));
     *  var res = Rx.Observable.throwException(new Error('Error'), Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     * @param {Mixed} exception An object used for the sequence's termination.
     * @param {Scheduler} scheduler Scheduler to send the exceptional termination call on. If not specified, defaults to Scheduler.immediate.
     * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that terminates exceptionally with the specified exception object.
     */
    var observableThrow = Observable['throw'] = Observable.throwException = function (exception, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = immediateScheduler);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return scheduler.schedule(function () {
                observer.onError(exception);
            });
        });
    };

  /**
   *  Constructs an observable sequence that depends on a resource object, whose lifetime is tied to the resulting observable sequence's lifetime.
   *  
   * @example
   *  var res = Rx.Observable.using(function () { return new AsyncSubject(); }, function (s) { return s; });
   * @param {Function} resourceFactory Factory function to obtain a resource object.
   * @param {Function} observableFactory Factory function to obtain an observable sequence that depends on the obtained resource.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose lifetime controls the lifetime of the dependent resource object.
   */
  Observable.using = function (resourceFactory, observableFactory) {
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var disposable = disposableEmpty, resource, source;
      try {
        resource = resourceFactory();
        if (resource) {
          disposable = resource;
        }
        source = observableFactory(resource);
      } catch (exception) {
        return new CompositeDisposable(observableThrow(exception).subscribe(observer), disposable);
      }
      return new CompositeDisposable(source.subscribe(observer), disposable);
    });
  };

  /**
   * Propagates the observable sequence or Promise that reacts first.
   * @param {Observable} rightSource Second observable sequence or Promise.
   * @returns {Observable} {Observable} An observable sequence that surfaces either of the given sequences, whichever reacted first.
   */  
  observableProto.amb = function (rightSource) {
    var leftSource = this;
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var choice,
        leftChoice = 'L', rightChoice = 'R',
        leftSubscription = new SingleAssignmentDisposable(),
        rightSubscription = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();

      isPromise(rightSource) && (rightSource = observableFromPromise(rightSource));

      function choiceL() {
        if (!choice) {
          choice = leftChoice;
          rightSubscription.dispose();
        }
      }

      function choiceR() {
        if (!choice) {
          choice = rightChoice;
          leftSubscription.dispose();
        }
      }

      leftSubscription.setDisposable(leftSource.subscribe(function (left) {
        choiceL();
        if (choice === leftChoice) {
          observer.onNext(left);
        }
      }, function (err) {
        choiceL();
        if (choice === leftChoice) {
          observer.onError(err);
        }
      }, function () {
        choiceL();
        if (choice === leftChoice) {
          observer.onCompleted();
        }
      }));

      rightSubscription.setDisposable(rightSource.subscribe(function (right) {
        choiceR();
        if (choice === rightChoice) {
          observer.onNext(right);
        }
      }, function (err) {
        choiceR();
        if (choice === rightChoice) {
          observer.onError(err);
        }
      }, function () {
        choiceR();
        if (choice === rightChoice) {
          observer.onCompleted();
        }
      }));

      return new CompositeDisposable(leftSubscription, rightSubscription);
    });
  };

  /**
   * Propagates the observable sequence or Promise that reacts first.
   *
   * @example
   * var = Rx.Observable.amb(xs, ys, zs);
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that surfaces any of the given sequences, whichever reacted first.
   */  
  Observable.amb = function () {
    var acc = observableNever(),
      items = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
    function func(previous, current) {
      return previous.amb(current);
    }
    for (var i = 0, len = items.length; i < len; i++) {
      acc = func(acc, items[i]);
    }
    return acc;
  };

  function observableCatchHandler(source, handler) {
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var d1 = new SingleAssignmentDisposable(), subscription = new SerialDisposable();
      subscription.setDisposable(d1);
      d1.setDisposable(source.subscribe(observer.onNext.bind(observer), function (exception) {
        var d, result;
        try {
          result = handler(exception);
        } catch (ex) {
          observer.onError(ex);
          return;
        }
        isPromise(result) && (result = observableFromPromise(result));

        d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
        subscription.setDisposable(d);
        d.setDisposable(result.subscribe(observer));
      }, observer.onCompleted.bind(observer)));
      
      return subscription;
    });
  }

  /**
   * Continues an observable sequence that is terminated by an exception with the next observable sequence.
   * @example
   * 1 - xs.catchException(ys)
   * 2 - xs.catchException(function (ex) { return ys(ex); })
   * @param {Mixed} handlerOrSecond Exception handler function that returns an observable sequence given the error that occurred in the first sequence, or a second observable sequence used to produce results when an error occurred in the first sequence.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the first sequence's elements, followed by the elements of the handler sequence in case an exception occurred.
   */      
  observableProto['catch'] = observableProto.catchException = function (handlerOrSecond) {
    return typeof handlerOrSecond === 'function' ?
      observableCatchHandler(this, handlerOrSecond) :
      observableCatch([this, handlerOrSecond]);
  };

    /**
     * Continues an observable sequence that is terminated by an exception with the next observable sequence.
     * 
     * @example
     * 1 - res = Rx.Observable.catchException(xs, ys, zs);
     * 2 - res = Rx.Observable.catchException([xs, ys, zs]);
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing elements from consecutive source sequences until a source sequence terminates successfully.
     */
    var observableCatch = Observable.catchException = Observable['catch'] = function () {
        var items = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
        return enumerableFor(items).catchException();
    };

  /**
   * Merges the specified observable sequences into one observable sequence by using the selector function whenever any of the observable sequences or Promises produces an element.
   * This can be in the form of an argument list of observables or an array.
   *
   * @example
   * 1 - obs = observable.combineLatest(obs1, obs2, obs3, function (o1, o2, o3) { return o1 + o2 + o3; });
   * 2 - obs = observable.combineLatest([obs1, obs2, obs3], function (o1, o2, o3) { return o1 + o2 + o3; });
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the result of combining elements of the sources using the specified result selector function. 
   */
  observableProto.combineLatest = function () {
    var args = slice.call(arguments);
    if (Array.isArray(args[0])) {
      args[0].unshift(this);
    } else {
      args.unshift(this);
    }
    return combineLatest.apply(this, args);
  };

  /**
   * Merges the specified observable sequences into one observable sequence by using the selector function whenever any of the observable sequences or Promises produces an element.
   * 
   * @example
   * 1 - obs = Rx.Observable.combineLatest(obs1, obs2, obs3, function (o1, o2, o3) { return o1 + o2 + o3; });
   * 2 - obs = Rx.Observable.combineLatest([obs1, obs2, obs3], function (o1, o2, o3) { return o1 + o2 + o3; });     
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the result of combining elements of the sources using the specified result selector function.
   */
  var combineLatest = Observable.combineLatest = function () {
    var args = slice.call(arguments), resultSelector = args.pop();
    
    if (Array.isArray(args[0])) {
      args = args[0];
    }

    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var falseFactory = function () { return false; },
        n = args.length,
        hasValue = arrayInitialize(n, falseFactory),
        hasValueAll = false,
        isDone = arrayInitialize(n, falseFactory),
        values = new Array(n);

      function next(i) {
        var res;
        hasValue[i] = true;
        if (hasValueAll || (hasValueAll = hasValue.every(identity))) {
          try {
            res = resultSelector.apply(null, values);
          } catch (ex) {
            observer.onError(ex);
            return;
          }
          observer.onNext(res);
        } else if (isDone.filter(function (x, j) { return j !== i; }).every(identity)) {
          observer.onCompleted();
        }
      }

      function done (i) {
        isDone[i] = true;
        if (isDone.every(identity)) {
          observer.onCompleted();
        }
      }

      var subscriptions = new Array(n);
      for (var idx = 0; idx < n; idx++) {
        (function (i) {
          var source = args[i], sad = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
          isPromise(source) && (source = observableFromPromise(source));
          sad.setDisposable(source.subscribe(function (x) {
            values[i] = x;
            next(i);
          }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
            done(i);
          }));
          subscriptions[i] = sad;
        }(idx));
      }

      return new CompositeDisposable(subscriptions);
    });
  };

    /**
     * Concatenates all the observable sequences.  This takes in either an array or variable arguments to concatenate.
     * 
     * @example
     * 1 - concatenated = xs.concat(ys, zs);
     * 2 - concatenated = xs.concat([ys, zs]);
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of each given sequence, in sequential order. 
     */ 
    observableProto.concat = function () {
        var items = slice.call(arguments, 0);
        items.unshift(this);
        return observableConcat.apply(this, items);
    };

    /**
     * Concatenates all the observable sequences.
     * 
     * @example
     * 1 - res = Rx.Observable.concat(xs, ys, zs);
     * 2 - res = Rx.Observable.concat([xs, ys, zs]);
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of each given sequence, in sequential order. 
     */
    var observableConcat = Observable.concat = function () {
        var sources = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
        return enumerableFor(sources).concat();
    };  

    /**
     * Concatenates an observable sequence of observable sequences.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of each observed inner sequence, in sequential order. 
     */ 
    observableProto.concatObservable = observableProto.concatAll =function () {
        return this.merge(1);
    };

    /**
     * Merges an observable sequence of observable sequences into an observable sequence, limiting the number of concurrent subscriptions to inner sequences.
     * Or merges two observable sequences into a single observable sequence.
     * 
     * @example
     * 1 - merged = sources.merge(1);
     * 2 - merged = source.merge(otherSource);  
     * @param {Mixed} [maxConcurrentOrOther] Maximum number of inner observable sequences being subscribed to concurrently or the second observable sequence.
     * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that merges the elements of the inner sequences. 
     */ 
    observableProto.merge = function (maxConcurrentOrOther) {
        if (typeof maxConcurrentOrOther !== 'number') {
            return observableMerge(this, maxConcurrentOrOther);
        }
        var sources = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var activeCount = 0,
                group = new CompositeDisposable(),
                isStopped = false,
                q = [],
                subscribe = function (xs) {
                    var subscription = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
                    group.add(subscription);

                    // Check for promises support
                    if (isPromise(xs)) { xs = observableFromPromise(xs); }

                    subscription.setDisposable(xs.subscribe(observer.onNext.bind(observer), observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                        var s;
                        group.remove(subscription);
                        if (q.length > 0) {
                            s = q.shift();
                            subscribe(s);
                        } else {
                            activeCount--;
                            if (isStopped && activeCount === 0) {
                                observer.onCompleted();
                            }
                        }
                    }));
                };
            group.add(sources.subscribe(function (innerSource) {
                if (activeCount < maxConcurrentOrOther) {
                    activeCount++;
                    subscribe(innerSource);
                } else {
                    q.push(innerSource);
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                isStopped = true;
                if (activeCount === 0) {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            }));
            return group;
        });
    };

    /**
     * Merges all the observable sequences into a single observable sequence.  
     * The scheduler is optional and if not specified, the immediate scheduler is used.
     * 
     * @example
     * 1 - merged = Rx.Observable.merge(xs, ys, zs);
     * 2 - merged = Rx.Observable.merge([xs, ys, zs]);
     * 3 - merged = Rx.Observable.merge(scheduler, xs, ys, zs);
     * 4 - merged = Rx.Observable.merge(scheduler, [xs, ys, zs]);    
     * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that merges the elements of the observable sequences. 
     */  
    var observableMerge = Observable.merge = function () {
        var scheduler, sources;
        if (!arguments[0]) {
            scheduler = immediateScheduler;
            sources = slice.call(arguments, 1);
        } else if (arguments[0].now) {
            scheduler = arguments[0];
            sources = slice.call(arguments, 1);
        } else {
            scheduler = immediateScheduler;
            sources = slice.call(arguments, 0);
        }
        if (Array.isArray(sources[0])) {
            sources = sources[0];
        }
        return observableFromArray(sources, scheduler).mergeObservable();
    };   

  /**
   * Merges an observable sequence of observable sequences into an observable sequence.
   * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that merges the elements of the inner sequences.   
   */  
  observableProto.mergeObservable = observableProto.mergeAll =function () {
    var sources = this;
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var group = new CompositeDisposable(),
        isStopped = false,
        m = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();

      group.add(m);
      m.setDisposable(sources.subscribe(function (innerSource) {
        var innerSubscription = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
        group.add(innerSubscription);

        // Check if Promise or Observable
        if (isPromise(innerSource)) {
            innerSource = observableFromPromise(innerSource);
        }

        innerSubscription.setDisposable(innerSource.subscribe(function (x) {
            observer.onNext(x);
        }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
            group.remove(innerSubscription);
            if (isStopped && group.length === 1) { observer.onCompleted(); }
        }));
      }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
        isStopped = true;
        if (group.length === 1) { observer.onCompleted(); }
      }));
      return group;
    });
  };

  /**
   * Continues an observable sequence that is terminated normally or by an exception with the next observable sequence.
   * @param {Observable} second Second observable sequence used to produce results after the first sequence terminates.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that concatenates the first and second sequence, even if the first sequence terminates exceptionally.
   */
  observableProto.onErrorResumeNext = function (second) {
    if (!second) {
      throw new Error('Second observable is required');
    }
    return onErrorResumeNext([this, second]);
  };

  /**
   * Continues an observable sequence that is terminated normally or by an exception with the next observable sequence.
   * 
   * @example
   * 1 - res = Rx.Observable.onErrorResumeNext(xs, ys, zs);
   * 1 - res = Rx.Observable.onErrorResumeNext([xs, ys, zs]);
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that concatenates the source sequences, even if a sequence terminates exceptionally.   
   */
  var onErrorResumeNext = Observable.onErrorResumeNext = function () {
    var sources = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var pos = 0, subscription = new SerialDisposable(),
      cancelable = immediateScheduler.scheduleRecursive(function (self) {
        var current, d;
        if (pos < sources.length) {
          current = sources[pos++];
          isPromise(current) && (current = observableFromPromise(current));
          d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
          subscription.setDisposable(d);
          d.setDisposable(current.subscribe(observer.onNext.bind(observer), function () {
              self();
          }, function () {
              self();
          }));
        } else {
          observer.onCompleted();
        }
      });
      return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, cancelable);
    });
  };

  /**
   * Returns the values from the source observable sequence only after the other observable sequence produces a value.
   * @param {Observable | Promise} other The observable sequence or Promise that triggers propagation of elements of the source sequence.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the elements of the source sequence starting from the point the other sequence triggered propagation.    
   */
  observableProto.skipUntil = function (other) {
    var source = this;
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var isOpen = false;
      var disposables = new CompositeDisposable(source.subscribe(function (left) {
        isOpen && observer.onNext(left);
      }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
        isOpen && observer.onCompleted();
      }));

      isPromise(other) && (other = observableFromPromise(other));

      var rightSubscription = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
      disposables.add(rightSubscription);
      rightSubscription.setDisposable(other.subscribe(function () {
        isOpen = true;
        rightSubscription.dispose();
      }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
        rightSubscription.dispose();
      }));

      return disposables;
    });
  };

    /**
     * Transforms an observable sequence of observable sequences into an observable sequence producing values only from the most recent observable sequence.
     * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence that at any point in time produces the elements of the most recent inner observable sequence that has been received.  
     */
    observableProto['switch'] = observableProto.switchLatest = function () {
        var sources = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var hasLatest = false,
                innerSubscription = new SerialDisposable(),
                isStopped = false,
                latest = 0,
                subscription = sources.subscribe(function (innerSource) {
                    var d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable(), id = ++latest;
                    hasLatest = true;
                    innerSubscription.setDisposable(d);

                    // Check if Promise or Observable
                    if (isPromise(innerSource)) {
                        innerSource = observableFromPromise(innerSource);
                    }

                    d.setDisposable(innerSource.subscribe(function (x) {
                        if (latest === id) {
                            observer.onNext(x);
                        }
                    }, function (e) {
                        if (latest === id) {
                            observer.onError(e);
                        }
                    }, function () {
                        if (latest === id) {
                            hasLatest = false;
                            if (isStopped) {
                                observer.onCompleted();
                            }
                        }
                    }));
                }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                    isStopped = true;
                    if (!hasLatest) {
                        observer.onCompleted();
                    }
                });
            return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, innerSubscription);
        });
    };

  /**
   * Returns the values from the source observable sequence until the other observable sequence produces a value.
   * @param {Observable | Promise} other Observable sequence or Promise that terminates propagation of elements of the source sequence.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the elements of the source sequence up to the point the other sequence interrupted further propagation.   
   */
  observableProto.takeUntil = function (other) {
    var source = this;
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      isPromise(other) && (other = observableFromPromise(other));
      return new CompositeDisposable(
        source.subscribe(observer),
        other.subscribe(observer.onCompleted.bind(observer), observer.onError.bind(observer), noop)
      );
    });
  };

  function zipArray(second, resultSelector) {
    var first = this;
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var index = 0, len = second.length;
      return first.subscribe(function (left) {
        if (index < len) {
          var right = second[index++], result;
          try {
            result = resultSelector(left, right);
          } catch (e) {
            observer.onError(e);
            return;
          }
          observer.onNext(result);
        } else {
          observer.onCompleted();
        }
      }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
    });
  }    

  /**
   * Merges the specified observable sequences into one observable sequence by using the selector function whenever all of the observable sequences or an array have produced an element at a corresponding index.
   * The last element in the arguments must be a function to invoke for each series of elements at corresponding indexes in the sources.
   *
   * @example
   * 1 - res = obs1.zip(obs2, fn);
   * 1 - res = x1.zip([1,2,3], fn);  
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the result of combining elements of the sources using the specified result selector function. 
   */   
  observableProto.zip = function () {
    if (Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
      return zipArray.apply(this, arguments);
    }
    var parent = this, sources = slice.call(arguments), resultSelector = sources.pop();
    sources.unshift(parent);
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var n = sources.length,
        queues = arrayInitialize(n, function () { return []; }),
        isDone = arrayInitialize(n, function () { return false; });
        
      function next(i) {
        var res, queuedValues;
        if (queues.every(function (x) { return x.length > 0; })) {
          try {
            queuedValues = queues.map(function (x) { return x.shift(); });
            res = resultSelector.apply(parent, queuedValues);
          } catch (ex) {
            observer.onError(ex);
            return;
          }
          observer.onNext(res);
        } else if (isDone.filter(function (x, j) { return j !== i; }).every(identity)) {
          observer.onCompleted();
        }
      };

      function done(i) {
        isDone[i] = true;
        if (isDone.every(function (x) { return x; })) {
          observer.onCompleted();
        }
      }

      var subscriptions = new Array(n);
      for (var idx = 0; idx < n; idx++) {
        (function (i) {
          var source = sources[i], sad = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
          isPromise(source) && (source = observableFromPromise(source));
          sad.setDisposable(source.subscribe(function (x) {
            queues[i].push(x);
            next(i);
          }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
            done(i);
          }));
          subscriptions[i] = sad;
        })(idx);
      }

      return new CompositeDisposable(subscriptions);
    });
  };
    /**
     * Merges the specified observable sequences into one observable sequence by using the selector function whenever all of the observable sequences have produced an element at a corresponding index.
     * @param arguments Observable sources.
     * @param {Function} resultSelector Function to invoke for each series of elements at corresponding indexes in the sources.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the result of combining elements of the sources using the specified result selector function.
     */
    Observable.zip = function () {
        var args = slice.call(arguments, 0),
            first = args.shift();
        return first.zip.apply(first, args);
    };

    /**
     * Merges the specified observable sequences into one observable sequence by emitting a list with the elements of the observable sequences at corresponding indexes.
     * @param arguments Observable sources.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing lists of elements at corresponding indexes.
     */
    Observable.zipArray = function () {
        var sources = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var n = sources.length,
              queues = arrayInitialize(n, function () { return []; }),
              isDone = arrayInitialize(n, function () { return false; });

            function next(i) {
                if (queues.every(function (x) { return x.length > 0; })) {
                    var res = queues.map(function (x) { return x.shift(); });
                    observer.onNext(res);
                } else if (isDone.filter(function (x, j) { return j !== i; }).every(identity)) {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                    return;
                }
            };

            function done(i) {
                isDone[i] = true;
                if (isDone.every(identity)) {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                    return;
                }
            }

            var subscriptions = new Array(n);
            for (var idx = 0; idx < n; idx++) {
                (function (i) {
                    subscriptions[i] = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
                    subscriptions[i].setDisposable(sources[i].subscribe(function (x) {
                        queues[i].push(x);
                        next(i);
                    }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                        done(i);
                    }));
                })(idx);
            }

            var compositeDisposable = new CompositeDisposable(subscriptions);
            compositeDisposable.add(disposableCreate(function () {
                for (var qIdx = 0, qLen = queues.length; qIdx < qLen; qIdx++) {
                    queues[qIdx] = [];
                }
            }));
            return compositeDisposable;
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Hides the identity of an observable sequence.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that hides the identity of the source sequence.    
     */
    observableProto.asObservable = function () {
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return source.subscribe(observer);
        });
    };

  /**
   *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into zero or more buffers which are produced based on element count information.
   *  
   * @example
   *  var res = xs.bufferWithCount(10);
   *  var res = xs.bufferWithCount(10, 1);
   * @param {Number} count Length of each buffer.
   * @param {Number} [skip] Number of elements to skip between creation of consecutive buffers. If not provided, defaults to the count.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence of buffers.    
   */
  observableProto.bufferWithCount = function (count, skip) {
    if (typeof skip !== 'number') {
      skip = count;
    }
    return this.windowWithCount(count, skip).selectMany(function (x) {
      return x.toArray();
    }).where(function (x) {
      return x.length > 0;
    });
  };

    /**
     * Dematerializes the explicit notification values of an observable sequence as implicit notifications.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence exhibiting the behavior corresponding to the source sequence's notification values.
     */ 
    observableProto.dematerialize = function () {
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                return x.accept(observer);
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Returns an observable sequence that contains only distinct contiguous elements according to the keySelector and the comparer.
     *  
     *  var obs = observable.distinctUntilChanged();
     *  var obs = observable.distinctUntilChanged(function (x) { return x.id; });
     *  var obs = observable.distinctUntilChanged(function (x) { return x.id; }, function (x, y) { return x === y; });
     *
     * @param {Function} [keySelector] A function to compute the comparison key for each element. If not provided, it projects the value.
     * @param {Function} [comparer] Equality comparer for computed key values. If not provided, defaults to an equality comparer function.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence only containing the distinct contiguous elements, based on a computed key value, from the source sequence.   
     */
    observableProto.distinctUntilChanged = function (keySelector, comparer) {
        var source = this;
        keySelector || (keySelector = identity);
        comparer || (comparer = defaultComparer);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var hasCurrentKey = false, currentKey;
            return source.subscribe(function (value) {
                var comparerEquals = false, key;
                try {
                    key = keySelector(value);
                } catch (exception) {
                    observer.onError(exception);
                    return;
                }
                if (hasCurrentKey) {
                    try {
                        comparerEquals = comparer(currentKey, key);
                    } catch (exception) {
                        observer.onError(exception);
                        return;
                    }
                }
                if (!hasCurrentKey || !comparerEquals) {
                    hasCurrentKey = true;
                    currentKey = key;
                    observer.onNext(value);
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Invokes an action for each element in the observable sequence and invokes an action upon graceful or exceptional termination of the observable sequence.
     *  This method can be used for debugging, logging, etc. of query behavior by intercepting the message stream to run arbitrary actions for messages on the pipeline.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = observable.doAction(observer);
     *  var res = observable.doAction(onNext);
     *  var res = observable.doAction(onNext, onError);
     *  var res = observable.doAction(onNext, onError, onCompleted);
     * @param {Mixed} observerOrOnNext Action to invoke for each element in the observable sequence or an observer.
     * @param {Function} [onError]  Action to invoke upon exceptional termination of the observable sequence. Used if only the observerOrOnNext parameter is also a function.
     * @param {Function} [onCompleted]  Action to invoke upon graceful termination of the observable sequence. Used if only the observerOrOnNext parameter is also a function.
     * @returns {Observable} The source sequence with the side-effecting behavior applied.   
     */
    observableProto['do'] = observableProto.doAction = function (observerOrOnNext, onError, onCompleted) {
        var source = this, onNextFunc;
        if (typeof observerOrOnNext === 'function') {
            onNextFunc = observerOrOnNext;
        } else {
            onNextFunc = observerOrOnNext.onNext.bind(observerOrOnNext);
            onError = observerOrOnNext.onError.bind(observerOrOnNext);
            onCompleted = observerOrOnNext.onCompleted.bind(observerOrOnNext);
        }
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                try {
                    onNextFunc(x);
                } catch (e) {
                    observer.onError(e);
                }
                observer.onNext(x);
            }, function (exception) {
                if (!onError) {
                    observer.onError(exception);
                } else {
                    try {
                        onError(exception);
                    } catch (e) {
                        observer.onError(e);
                    }
                    observer.onError(exception);
                }
            }, function () {
                if (!onCompleted) {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                } else {
                    try {
                        onCompleted();
                    } catch (e) {
                        observer.onError(e);
                    }
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            });
        });
    };

  /**
   *  Invokes a specified action after the source observable sequence terminates gracefully or exceptionally.
   *  
   * @example
   *  var res = observable.finallyAction(function () { console.log('sequence ended'; });
   * @param {Function} finallyAction Action to invoke after the source observable sequence terminates.
   * @returns {Observable} Source sequence with the action-invoking termination behavior applied. 
   */  
  observableProto['finally'] = observableProto.finallyAction = function (action) {
    var source = this;
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var subscription;
      try {
        subscription = source.subscribe(observer);
      } catch (e) {
        action();
        throw e;
      }
      return disposableCreate(function () {
        try {
          subscription.dispose();
        } catch (e) { 
          throw e;                    
        } finally {
          action();
        }
      });
    });
  };

    /**
     *  Ignores all elements in an observable sequence leaving only the termination messages.
     * @returns {Observable} An empty observable sequence that signals termination, successful or exceptional, of the source sequence.    
     */
    observableProto.ignoreElements = function () {
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return source.subscribe(noop, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Materializes the implicit notifications of an observable sequence as explicit notification values.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the materialized notification values from the source sequence.
     */    
    observableProto.materialize = function () {
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return source.subscribe(function (value) {
                observer.onNext(notificationCreateOnNext(value));
            }, function (e) {
                observer.onNext(notificationCreateOnError(e));
                observer.onCompleted();
            }, function () {
                observer.onNext(notificationCreateOnCompleted());
                observer.onCompleted();
            });
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Repeats the observable sequence a specified number of times. If the repeat count is not specified, the sequence repeats indefinitely.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = repeated = source.repeat();
     *  var res = repeated = source.repeat(42);
     * @param {Number} [repeatCount]  Number of times to repeat the sequence. If not provided, repeats the sequence indefinitely.
     * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence producing the elements of the given sequence repeatedly.   
     */
    observableProto.repeat = function (repeatCount) {
        return enumerableRepeat(this, repeatCount).concat();
    };

    /**
     *  Repeats the source observable sequence the specified number of times or until it successfully terminates. If the retry count is not specified, it retries indefinitely.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = retried = retry.repeat();
     *  var res = retried = retry.repeat(42);
     * @param {Number} [retryCount]  Number of times to retry the sequence. If not provided, retry the sequence indefinitely.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence producing the elements of the given sequence repeatedly until it terminates successfully. 
     */
    observableProto.retry = function (retryCount) {
        return enumerableRepeat(this, retryCount).catchException();
    };

    /**
     *  Applies an accumulator function over an observable sequence and returns each intermediate result. The optional seed value is used as the initial accumulator value.
     *  For aggregation behavior with no intermediate results, see Observable.aggregate.
     * @example
     *  var res = source.scan(function (acc, x) { return acc + x; });
     *  var res = source.scan(0, function (acc, x) { return acc + x; });
     * @param {Mixed} [seed] The initial accumulator value.
     * @param {Function} accumulator An accumulator function to be invoked on each element.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the accumulated values.
     */
    observableProto.scan = function () {
        var hasSeed = false, seed, accumulator, source = this;
        if (arguments.length === 2) {
            hasSeed = true;
            seed = arguments[0];
            accumulator = arguments[1];        
        } else {
            accumulator = arguments[0];
        }
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var hasAccumulation, accumulation, hasValue;
            return source.subscribe (
                function (x) {
                    try {
                        if (!hasValue) {
                            hasValue = true;
                        }
     
                        if (hasAccumulation) {
                            accumulation = accumulator(accumulation, x);
                        } else {
                            accumulation = hasSeed ? accumulator(seed, x) : x;
                            hasAccumulation = true;
                        }                    
                    } catch (e) {
                        observer.onError(e);
                        return;
                    }
     
                    observer.onNext(accumulation);
                },
                observer.onError.bind(observer),
                function () {
                    if (!hasValue && hasSeed) {
                        observer.onNext(seed);
                    }
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            );
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Bypasses a specified number of elements at the end of an observable sequence.
     * @description
     *  This operator accumulates a queue with a length enough to store the first `count` elements. As more elements are
     *  received, elements are taken from the front of the queue and produced on the result sequence. This causes elements to be delayed.     
     * @param count Number of elements to bypass at the end of the source sequence.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the source sequence elements except for the bypassed ones at the end.   
     */
    observableProto.skipLast = function (count) {
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var q = [];
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                q.push(x);
                if (q.length > count) {
                    observer.onNext(q.shift());
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Prepends a sequence of values to an observable sequence with an optional scheduler and an argument list of values to prepend.
     *  
     *  var res = source.startWith(1, 2, 3);
     *  var res = source.startWith(Rx.Scheduler.timeout, 1, 2, 3);
     *  
     * @memberOf Observable#
     * @returns {Observable} The source sequence prepended with the specified values.  
     */
    observableProto.startWith = function () {
        var values, scheduler, start = 0;
        if (!!arguments.length && 'now' in Object(arguments[0])) {
            scheduler = arguments[0];
            start = 1;
        } else {
            scheduler = immediateScheduler;
        }
        values = slice.call(arguments, start);
        return enumerableFor([observableFromArray(values, scheduler), this]).concat();
    };

    /**
     *  Returns a specified number of contiguous elements from the end of an observable sequence, using an optional scheduler to drain the queue.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = source.takeLast(5);
     *  var res = source.takeLast(5, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     *  
     * @description
     *  This operator accumulates a buffer with a length enough to store elements count elements. Upon completion of
     *  the source sequence, this buffer is drained on the result sequence. This causes the elements to be delayed.
     * @param {Number} count Number of elements to take from the end of the source sequence.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler used to drain the queue upon completion of the source sequence.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing the specified number of elements from the end of the source sequence.
     */   
    observableProto.takeLast = function (count, scheduler) {
        return this.takeLastBuffer(count).selectMany(function (xs) { return observableFromArray(xs, scheduler); });
    };

    /**
     *  Returns an array with the specified number of contiguous elements from the end of an observable sequence.
     *  
     * @description
     *  This operator accumulates a buffer with a length enough to store count elements. Upon completion of the
     *  source sequence, this buffer is produced on the result sequence.       
     * @param {Number} count Number of elements to take from the end of the source sequence.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single array with the specified number of elements from the end of the source sequence.
     */
    observableProto.takeLastBuffer = function (count) {
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var q = [];
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                q.push(x);
                if (q.length > count) {
                    q.shift();
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                observer.onNext(q);
                observer.onCompleted();
            });
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into zero or more windows which are produced based on element count information.
     *  
     *  var res = xs.windowWithCount(10);
     *  var res = xs.windowWithCount(10, 1);
     * @param {Number} count Length of each window.
     * @param {Number} [skip] Number of elements to skip between creation of consecutive windows. If not specified, defaults to the count.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence of windows.  
     */
    observableProto.windowWithCount = function (count, skip) {
        var source = this;
        if (count <= 0) {
            throw new Error(argumentOutOfRange);
        }
        if (arguments.length === 1) {
            skip = count;
        }
        if (skip <= 0) {
            throw new Error(argumentOutOfRange);
        }
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var m = new SingleAssignmentDisposable(),
                refCountDisposable = new RefCountDisposable(m),
                n = 0,
                q = [],
                createWindow = function () {
                    var s = new Subject();
                    q.push(s);
                    observer.onNext(addRef(s, refCountDisposable));
                };
            createWindow();
            m.setDisposable(source.subscribe(function (x) {
                var s;
                for (var i = 0, len = q.length; i < len; i++) {
                    q[i].onNext(x);
                }
                var c = n - count + 1;
                if (c >= 0 && c % skip === 0) {
                    s = q.shift();
                    s.onCompleted();
                }
                n++;
                if (n % skip === 0) {
                    createWindow();
                }
            }, function (exception) {
                while (q.length > 0) {
                    q.shift().onError(exception);
                }
                observer.onError(exception);
            }, function () {
                while (q.length > 0) {
                    q.shift().onCompleted();
                }
                observer.onCompleted();
            }));
            return refCountDisposable;
        });
    };

    function concatMap(selector) {
      return this.map(function (x, i) {
        var result = selector(x, i);
        return isPromise(result) ? observableFromPromise(result) : result;
      }).concatAll();
    }

    function concatMapObserver(onNext, onError, onCompleted) {
      var source = this;
      return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
        var index = 0;

        return source.subscribe(
          function (x) {
            observer.onNext(onNext(x, index++));
          },
          function (err) {
            observer.onNext(onError(err));
            observer.completed();
          }, 
          function () {
            observer.onNext(onCompleted());
            observer.onCompleted();
          });
      }).concatAll();
    }

    /**
     *  One of the Following:
     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence to an observable sequence and merges the resulting observable sequences into one observable sequence.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = source.selectMany(function (x) { return Rx.Observable.range(0, x); });
     *  Or:
     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence to an observable sequence, invokes the result selector for the source element and each of the corresponding inner sequence's elements, and merges the results into one observable sequence.
     *  
     *  var res = source.selectMany(function (x) { return Rx.Observable.range(0, x); }, function (x, y) { return x + y; });
     *  Or:
     *  Projects each element of the source observable sequence to the other observable sequence and merges the resulting observable sequences into one observable sequence.
     *  
     *  var res = source.selectMany(Rx.Observable.fromArray([1,2,3]));
     * @param selector A transform function to apply to each element or an observable sequence to project each element from the 
     * source sequence onto which could be either an observable or Promise.
     * @param {Function} [resultSelector]  A transform function to apply to each element of the intermediate sequence.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose elements are the result of invoking the one-to-many transform function collectionSelector on each element of the input sequence and then mapping each of those sequence elements and their corresponding source element to a result element.   
     */
    observableProto.selectConcat = observableProto.concatMap = function (selector, resultSelector) {
      if (resultSelector) {
          return this.concatMap(function (x, i) {
            var selectorResult = selector(x, i),
              result = isPromise(selectorResult) ? observableFromPromise(selectorResult) : selectorResult;

            return result.map(function (y) {
              return resultSelector(x, y, i);
            });
          });
      }
      if (typeof selector === 'function') {
        return concatMap.call(this, selector);
      }
      return concatMap.call(this, function () {
        return selector;
      });
    };

    /**
     *  Returns the elements of the specified sequence or the specified value in a singleton sequence if the sequence is empty.
     *  
     *  var res = obs = xs.defaultIfEmpty();
     *  2 - obs = xs.defaultIfEmpty(false);
     *      
     * @memberOf Observable#
     * @param defaultValue The value to return if the sequence is empty. If not provided, this defaults to null.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the specified default value if the source is empty; otherwise, the elements of the source itself. 
     */
    observableProto.defaultIfEmpty = function (defaultValue) {
        var source = this;
        if (defaultValue === undefined) {
            defaultValue = null;
        }
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var found = false;
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                found = true;
                observer.onNext(x);
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                if (!found) {
                    observer.onNext(defaultValue);
                }
                observer.onCompleted();
            });
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Returns an observable sequence that contains only distinct elements according to the keySelector and the comparer.
     *  Usage of this operator should be considered carefully due to the maintenance of an internal lookup structure which can grow large. 
     * 
     * @example
     *  var res = obs = xs.distinct();
     *  2 - obs = xs.distinct(function (x) { return x.id; });
     *  2 - obs = xs.distinct(function (x) { return x.id; }, function (x) { return x.toString(); });  
     * @param {Function} [keySelector]  A function to compute the comparison key for each element.
     * @param {Function} [keySerializer]  Used to serialize the given object into a string for object comparison.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence only containing the distinct elements, based on a computed key value, from the source sequence.
     */
   observableProto.distinct = function (keySelector, keySerializer) {
        var source = this;
        keySelector || (keySelector = identity);
        keySerializer || (keySerializer = defaultKeySerializer);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var hashSet = {};
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                var key, serializedKey, otherKey, hasMatch = false;
                try {
                    key = keySelector(x);
                    serializedKey = keySerializer(key);
                } catch (exception) {
                    observer.onError(exception);
                    return;
                }
                for (otherKey in hashSet) {
                    if (serializedKey === otherKey) {
                        hasMatch = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (!hasMatch) {
                    hashSet[serializedKey] = null;
                    observer.onNext(x);
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Groups the elements of an observable sequence according to a specified key selector function and comparer and selects the resulting elements by using a specified function.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = observable.groupBy(function (x) { return x.id; });
     *  2 - observable.groupBy(function (x) { return x.id; }), function (x) { return x.name; });
     *  3 - observable.groupBy(function (x) { return x.id; }), function (x) { return x.name; }, function (x) { return x.toString(); });
     * @param {Function} keySelector A function to extract the key for each element.
     * @param {Function} [elementSelector]  A function to map each source element to an element in an observable group.
     * @param {Function} [keySerializer]  Used to serialize the given object into a string for object comparison.
     * @returns {Observable} A sequence of observable groups, each of which corresponds to a unique key value, containing all elements that share that same key value.    
     */
    observableProto.groupBy = function (keySelector, elementSelector, keySerializer) {
        return this.groupByUntil(keySelector, elementSelector, function () {
            return observableNever();
        }, keySerializer);
    };

    /**
     *  Groups the elements of an observable sequence according to a specified key selector function.
     *  A duration selector function is used to control the lifetime of groups. When a group expires, it receives an OnCompleted notification. When a new element with the same
     *  key value as a reclaimed group occurs, the group will be reborn with a new lifetime request.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = observable.groupByUntil(function (x) { return x.id; }, null,  function () { return Rx.Observable.never(); });
     *  2 - observable.groupBy(function (x) { return x.id; }), function (x) { return x.name; },  function () { return Rx.Observable.never(); });
     *  3 - observable.groupBy(function (x) { return x.id; }), function (x) { return x.name; },  function () { return Rx.Observable.never(); }, function (x) { return x.toString(); });
     * @param {Function} keySelector A function to extract the key for each element.
     * @param {Function} durationSelector A function to signal the expiration of a group.
     * @param {Function} [keySerializer]  Used to serialize the given object into a string for object comparison.
     * @returns {Observable} 
     *  A sequence of observable groups, each of which corresponds to a unique key value, containing all elements that share that same key value.
     *  If a group's lifetime expires, a new group with the same key value can be created once an element with such a key value is encoutered.
     *      
     */
    observableProto.groupByUntil = function (keySelector, elementSelector, durationSelector, keySerializer) {
        var source = this;
        elementSelector || (elementSelector = identity);
        keySerializer || (keySerializer = defaultKeySerializer);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var map = {},
                groupDisposable = new CompositeDisposable(),
                refCountDisposable = new RefCountDisposable(groupDisposable);
            groupDisposable.add(source.subscribe(function (x) {
                var duration, durationGroup, element, fireNewMapEntry, group, key, serializedKey, md, writer, w;
                try {
                    key = keySelector(x);
                    serializedKey = keySerializer(key);
                } catch (e) {
                    for (w in map) {
                        map[w].onError(e);
                    }
                    observer.onError(e);
                    return;
                }
                fireNewMapEntry = false;
                try {
                    writer = map[serializedKey];
                    if (!writer) {
                        writer = new Subject();
                        map[serializedKey] = writer;
                        fireNewMapEntry = true;
                    }
                } catch (e) {
                    for (w in map) {
                        map[w].onError(e);
                    }
                    observer.onError(e);
                    return;
                }
                if (fireNewMapEntry) {
                    group = new GroupedObservable(key, writer, refCountDisposable);
                    durationGroup = new GroupedObservable(key, writer);
                    try {
                        duration = durationSelector(durationGroup);
                    } catch (e) {
                        for (w in map) {
                            map[w].onError(e);
                        }
                        observer.onError(e);
                        return;
                    }
                    observer.onNext(group);
                    md = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
                    groupDisposable.add(md);
                    var expire = function  () {
                        if (serializedKey in map) {
                            delete map[serializedKey];
                            writer.onCompleted();
                        }
                        groupDisposable.remove(md);
                    };
                    md.setDisposable(duration.take(1).subscribe(noop, function (exn) {
                        for (w in map) {
                            map[w].onError(exn);
                        }
                        observer.onError(exn);
                    }, function () {
                        expire();
                    }));
                }
                try {
                    element = elementSelector(x);
                } catch (e) {
                    for (w in map) {
                        map[w].onError(e);
                    }
                    observer.onError(e);
                    return;
                }
                writer.onNext(element);
            }, function (ex) {
                for (var w in map) {
                    map[w].onError(ex);
                }
                observer.onError(ex);
            }, function () {
                for (var w in map) {
                    map[w].onCompleted();
                }
                observer.onCompleted();
            }));
            return refCountDisposable;
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into a new form by incorporating the element's index.
     * @param {Function} selector A transform function to apply to each source element; the second parameter of the function represents the index of the source element.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose elements are the result of invoking the transform function on each element of source. 
     */
    observableProto.select = observableProto.map = function (selector, thisArg) {
        var parent = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var count = 0;
            return parent.subscribe(function (value) {
                var result;
                try {
                    result = selector.call(thisArg, value, count++, parent);
                } catch (exception) {
                    observer.onError(exception);
                    return;
                }
                observer.onNext(result);
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
        });
    };

    /**
     * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all elements in the Observable sequence.
     * @param {String} property The property to pluck.
     * @returns {Observable} Returns a new Observable sequence of property values.
     */
    observableProto.pluck = function (property) {
        return this.select(function (x) { return x[property]; });
    };

    function selectMany(selector) {
      return this.select(function (x, i) {
        var result = selector(x, i);
        return isPromise(result) ? observableFromPromise(result) : result;
      }).mergeObservable();
    }

    function selectManyObserver(onNext, onError, onCompleted) {
      var source = this;
      return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
        var index = 0;

        return source.subscribe(
          function (x) {
            observer.onNext(onNext(x, index++));
          },
          function (err) {
            observer.onNext(onError(err));
            observer.completed();
          }, 
          function () {
            observer.onNext(onCompleted());
            observer.onCompleted();
          });
      }).mergeAll();
    }

    /**
     *  One of the Following:
     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence to an observable sequence and merges the resulting observable sequences into one observable sequence.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = source.selectMany(function (x) { return Rx.Observable.range(0, x); });
     *  Or:
     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence to an observable sequence, invokes the result selector for the source element and each of the corresponding inner sequence's elements, and merges the results into one observable sequence.
     *  
     *  var res = source.selectMany(function (x) { return Rx.Observable.range(0, x); }, function (x, y) { return x + y; });
     *  Or:
     *  Projects each element of the source observable sequence to the other observable sequence and merges the resulting observable sequences into one observable sequence.
     *  
     *  var res = source.selectMany(Rx.Observable.fromArray([1,2,3]));
     * @param selector A transform function to apply to each element or an observable sequence to project each element from the 
     * source sequence onto which could be either an observable or Promise.
     * @param {Function} [resultSelector]  A transform function to apply to each element of the intermediate sequence.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose elements are the result of invoking the one-to-many transform function collectionSelector on each element of the input sequence and then mapping each of those sequence elements and their corresponding source element to a result element.   
     */
    observableProto.selectMany = observableProto.flatMap = function (selector, resultSelector) {
      if (resultSelector) {
          return this.selectMany(function (x, i) {
            var selectorResult = selector(x, i),
              result = isPromise(selectorResult) ? observableFromPromise(selectorResult) : selectorResult;

            return result.select(function (y) {
              return resultSelector(x, y, i);
            });
          });
      }
      if (typeof selector === 'function') {
        return selectMany.call(this, selector);
      }
      return selectMany.call(this, function () {
        return selector;
      });
    };

    /**
     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into a new sequence of observable sequences by incorporating the element's index and then 
     *  transforms an observable sequence of observable sequences into an observable sequence producing values only from the most recent observable sequence.
     * @param {Function} selector A transform function to apply to each source element; the second parameter of the function represents the index of the source element.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence whose elements are the result of invoking the transform function on each element of source producing an Observable of Observable sequences 
     *  and that at any point in time produces the elements of the most recent inner observable sequence that has been received.
     */
    observableProto.selectSwitch = observableProto.flatMapLatest = function (selector, thisArg) {
        return this.select(selector, thisArg).switchLatest();
    };

    /**
     * Bypasses a specified number of elements in an observable sequence and then returns the remaining elements.
     * @param {Number} count The number of elements to skip before returning the remaining elements.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements that occur after the specified index in the input sequence.   
     */
    observableProto.skip = function (count) {
        if (count < 0) {
            throw new Error(argumentOutOfRange);
        }
        var observable = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var remaining = count;
            return observable.subscribe(function (x) {
                if (remaining <= 0) {
                    observer.onNext(x);
                } else {
                    remaining--;
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Bypasses elements in an observable sequence as long as a specified condition is true and then returns the remaining elements.
     *  The element's index is used in the logic of the predicate function.
     *  
     *  var res = source.skipWhile(function (value) { return value < 10; });
     *  var res = source.skipWhile(function (value, index) { return value < 10 || index < 10; });
     * @param {Function} predicate A function to test each element for a condition; the second parameter of the function represents the index of the source element.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.     
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements from the input sequence starting at the first element in the linear series that does not pass the test specified by predicate.   
     */
    observableProto.skipWhile = function (predicate, thisArg) {
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var i = 0, running = false;
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                if (!running) {
                    try {
                        running = !predicate.call(thisArg, x, i++, source);
                    } catch (e) {
                        observer.onError(e);
                        return;
                    }
                }
                if (running) {
                    observer.onNext(x);
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Returns a specified number of contiguous elements from the start of an observable sequence, using the specified scheduler for the edge case of take(0).
     *  
     *  var res = source.take(5);
     *  var res = source.take(0, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     * @param {Number} count The number of elements to return.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler used to produce an OnCompleted message in case <paramref name="count count</paramref> is set to 0.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the specified number of elements from the start of the input sequence.  
     */
    observableProto.take = function (count, scheduler) {
        if (count < 0) {
            throw new Error(argumentOutOfRange);
        }
        if (count === 0) {
            return observableEmpty(scheduler);
        }
        var observable = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var remaining = count;
            return observable.subscribe(function (x) {
                if (remaining > 0) {
                    remaining--;
                    observer.onNext(x);
                    if (remaining === 0) {
                        observer.onCompleted();
                    }
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Returns elements from an observable sequence as long as a specified condition is true.
     *  The element's index is used in the logic of the predicate function.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = source.takeWhile(function (value) { return value < 10; });
     *  var res = source.takeWhile(function (value, index) { return value < 10 || index < 10; });
     * @param {Function} predicate A function to test each element for a condition; the second parameter of the function represents the index of the source element.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.     
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements from the input sequence that occur before the element at which the test no longer passes.  
     */
    observableProto.takeWhile = function (predicate, thisArg) {
        var observable = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var i = 0, running = true;
            return observable.subscribe(function (x) {
                if (running) {
                    try {
                        running = predicate.call(thisArg, x, i++, observable);
                    } catch (e) {
                        observer.onError(e);
                        return;
                    }
                    if (running) {
                        observer.onNext(x);
                    } else {
                        observer.onCompleted();
                    }
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Filters the elements of an observable sequence based on a predicate by incorporating the element's index.
     *  
     * @example
     *  var res = source.where(function (value) { return value < 10; });
     *  var res = source.where(function (value, index) { return value < 10 || index < 10; });
     * @param {Function} predicate A function to test each source element for a condition; the second parameter of the function represents the index of the source element.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains elements from the input sequence that satisfy the condition.   
     */
    observableProto.where = observableProto.filter = function (predicate, thisArg) {
        var parent = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var count = 0;
            return parent.subscribe(function (value) {
                var shouldRun;
                try {
                    shouldRun = predicate.call(thisArg, value, count++, parent);
                } catch (exception) {
                    observer.onError(exception);
                    return;
                }
                if (shouldRun) {
                    observer.onNext(value);
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
        });
    };

  observableProto.finalValue = function () {
    var source = this;
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var hasValue = false, value;
      return source.subscribe(function (x) {
        hasValue = true;
        value = x;
      }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
        if (!hasValue) {
          observer.onError(new Error(sequenceContainsNoElements));
        } else {
          observer.onNext(value);
          observer.onCompleted();
        }
      });
    });
  };

    function extremaBy(source, keySelector, comparer) {
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var hasValue = false, lastKey = null, list = [];
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                var comparison, key;
                try {
                    key = keySelector(x);
                } catch (ex) {
                    observer.onError(ex);
                    return;
                }
                comparison = 0;
                if (!hasValue) {
                    hasValue = true;
                    lastKey = key;
                } else {
                    try {
                        comparison = comparer(key, lastKey);
                    } catch (ex1) {
                        observer.onError(ex1);
                        return;
                    }
                }
                if (comparison > 0) {
                    lastKey = key;
                    list = [];
                }
                if (comparison >= 0) {
                    list.push(x);
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                observer.onNext(list);
                observer.onCompleted();
            });
        });
    }

    function firstOnly(x) {
        if (x.length === 0) {
            throw new Error(sequenceContainsNoElements);
        }
        return x[0];
    }

    /**
     * Applies an accumulator function over an observable sequence, returning the result of the aggregation as a single element in the result sequence. The specified seed value is used as the initial accumulator value.
     * For aggregation behavior with incremental intermediate results, see Observable.scan.
     * @example
     * 1 - res = source.aggregate(function (acc, x) { return acc + x; });
     * 2 - res = source.aggregate(0, function (acc, x) { return acc + x; });
     * @param {Mixed} [seed] The initial accumulator value.
     * @param {Function} accumulator An accumulator function to be invoked on each element.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single element with the final accumulator value.
     */
    observableProto.aggregate = function () {
        var seed, hasSeed, accumulator;
        if (arguments.length === 2) {
            seed = arguments[0];
            hasSeed = true;
            accumulator = arguments[1];
        } else {
            accumulator = arguments[0];
        }
        return hasSeed ? this.scan(seed, accumulator).startWith(seed).finalValue() : this.scan(accumulator).finalValue();
    };

    /**
     * Applies an accumulator function over an observable sequence, returning the result of the aggregation as a single element in the result sequence. The specified seed value is used as the initial accumulator value.
     * For aggregation behavior with incremental intermediate results, see Observable.scan.
     * @example
     * 1 - res = source.reduce(function (acc, x) { return acc + x; });
     * 2 - res = source.reduce(function (acc, x) { return acc + x; }, 0);
     * @param {Function} accumulator An accumulator function to be invoked on each element.
     * @param {Any} [seed] The initial accumulator value.     
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single element with the final accumulator value.
     */
    observableProto.reduce = function (accumulator) {
        var seed, hasSeed;
        if (arguments.length === 2) {
            hasSeed = true;
            seed = arguments[1];
        } 
        return hasSeed ? this.scan(seed, accumulator).startWith(seed).finalValue() : this.scan(accumulator).finalValue();
    };

    /**
     * Determines whether any element of an observable sequence satisfies a condition if present, else if any items are in the sequence.
     * @example
     * var result = source.any();
     * var result = source.any(function (x) { return x > 3; });
     * @param {Function} [predicate] A function to test each element for a condition.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single element determining whether any elements in the source sequence pass the test in the specified predicate if given, else if any items are in the sequence.
     */
    observableProto.some = observableProto.any = function (predicate, thisArg) {
        var source = this;
        return predicate ? 
            source.where(predicate, thisArg).any() : 
            new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
                return source.subscribe(function () {
                    observer.onNext(true);
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                    observer.onNext(false);
                    observer.onCompleted();
                });
            });
    };

    /**
     * Determines whether an observable sequence is empty.
     *
     * @memberOf Observable#
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single element determining whether the source sequence is empty.
     */
    observableProto.isEmpty = function () {
        return this.any().select(function (b) { return !b; });
    };

    /**
     * Determines whether all elements of an observable sequence satisfy a condition.
     * 
     * 1 - res = source.all(function (value) { return value.length > 3; });
     * @memberOf Observable#
     * @param {Function} [predicate] A function to test each element for a condition.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single element determining whether all elements in the source sequence pass the test in the specified predicate.
     */
    observableProto.every = observableProto.all = function (predicate, thisArg) {
        return this.where(function (v) {
            return !predicate(v);
        }, thisArg).any().select(function (b) {
            return !b;
        });
    };

    /**
     * Determines whether an observable sequence contains a specified element with an optional equality comparer.
     * @example
     * 1 - res = source.contains(42);
     * 2 - res = source.contains({ value: 42 }, function (x, y) { return x.value === y.value; });
     * @param value The value to locate in the source sequence.
     * @param {Function} [comparer] An equality comparer to compare elements.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single element determining whether the source sequence contains an element that has the specified value.
     */
    observableProto.contains = function (value, comparer) {
        comparer || (comparer = defaultComparer);
        return this.where(function (v) {
            return comparer(v, value);
        }).any();
    };

    /**
     * Returns an observable sequence containing a value that represents how many elements in the specified observable sequence satisfy a condition if provided, else the count of items.
     * @example
     * res = source.count();
     * res = source.count(function (x) { return x > 3; });
     * @param {Function} [predicate]A function to test each element for a condition.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.        
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single element with a number that represents how many elements in the input sequence satisfy the condition in the predicate function if provided, else the count of items in the sequence.
     */
    observableProto.count = function (predicate, thisArg) {
        return predicate ?
            this.where(predicate, thisArg).count() :
            this.aggregate(0, function (count) {
                return count + 1;
            });
    };

    /**
     * Computes the sum of a sequence of values that are obtained by invoking an optional transform function on each element of the input sequence, else if not specified computes the sum on each item in the sequence.
     * @example
     * var res = source.sum();
     * var res = source.sum(function (x) { return x.value; });
     * @param {Function} [selector] A transform function to apply to each element.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.        
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single element with the sum of the values in the source sequence.
     */    
    observableProto.sum = function (keySelector, thisArg) {
        return keySelector ? 
            this.select(keySelector, thisArg).sum() :
            this.aggregate(0, function (prev, curr) {
                return prev + curr;
            });
    };

    /**
     * Returns the elements in an observable sequence with the minimum key value according to the specified comparer.
     * @example
     * var res = source.minBy(function (x) { return x.value; });
     * var res = source.minBy(function (x) { return x.value; }, function (x, y) { return x - y; });
     * @param {Function} keySelector Key selector function.
     * @param {Function} [comparer] Comparer used to compare key values.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a list of zero or more elements that have a minimum key value.
     */  
    observableProto.minBy = function (keySelector, comparer) {
        comparer || (comparer = defaultSubComparer);
        return extremaBy(this, keySelector, function (x, y) {
            return comparer(x, y) * -1;
        });
    };

    /**
     * Returns the minimum element in an observable sequence according to the optional comparer else a default greater than less than check.
     * @example
     * var res = source.min();
     * var res = source.min(function (x, y) { return x.value - y.value; });
     * @param {Function} [comparer] Comparer used to compare elements.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single element with the minimum element in the source sequence.
     */
    observableProto.min = function (comparer) {
        return this.minBy(identity, comparer).select(function (x) {
            return firstOnly(x);
        });
    };

    /**
     * Returns the elements in an observable sequence with the maximum  key value according to the specified comparer.
     * @example
     * var res = source.maxBy(function (x) { return x.value; });
     * var res = source.maxBy(function (x) { return x.value; }, function (x, y) { return x - y;; });
     * @param {Function} keySelector Key selector function.
     * @param {Function} [comparer]  Comparer used to compare key values.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a list of zero or more elements that have a maximum key value.
     */
    observableProto.maxBy = function (keySelector, comparer) {
        comparer || (comparer = defaultSubComparer);
        return extremaBy(this, keySelector, comparer);
    };

    /**
     * Returns the maximum value in an observable sequence according to the specified comparer.
     * @example
     * var res = source.max();
     * var res = source.max(function (x, y) { return x.value - y.value; });
     * @param {Function} [comparer] Comparer used to compare elements.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single element with the maximum element in the source sequence.
     */
    observableProto.max = function (comparer) {
        return this.maxBy(identity, comparer).select(function (x) {
            return firstOnly(x);
        });
    };

    /**
     * Computes the average of an observable sequence of values that are in the sequence or obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence if present.
     * @example
     * var res = res = source.average();
     * var res = res = source.average(function (x) { return x.value; });
     * @param {Function} [selector] A transform function to apply to each element.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as this when executing callback.        
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single element with the average of the sequence of values.
     */
    observableProto.average = function (keySelector, thisArg) {
        return keySelector ?
            this.select(keySelector, thisArg).average() :
            this.scan({
                sum: 0,
                count: 0
            }, function (prev, cur) {
                return {
                    sum: prev.sum + cur,
                    count: prev.count + 1
                };
            }).finalValue().select(function (s) {
                if (s.count === 0) {
                    throw new Error('The input sequence was empty');
                }
                return s.sum / s.count;
            });
    };

  function sequenceEqualArray(first, second, comparer) {
      return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
        var count = 0, len = second.length;
        return first.subscribe(function (value) {
          var equal = false;
          try {
            if (count < len) {
              equal = comparer(value, second[count++]);
            }
          } catch (e) {
            observer.onError(e);
            return;
          }
          if (!equal) {
            observer.onNext(false);
            observer.onCompleted();
          }
        }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
          observer.onNext(count === len);
          observer.onCompleted();
        });
      });
  }

  /**
   *  Determines whether two sequences are equal by comparing the elements pairwise using a specified equality comparer.
   * 
   * @example
   * var res = res = source.sequenceEqual([1,2,3]);
   * var res = res = source.sequenceEqual([{ value: 42 }], function (x, y) { return x.value === y.value; });
   * 3 - res = source.sequenceEqual(Rx.Observable.returnValue(42));
   * 4 - res = source.sequenceEqual(Rx.Observable.returnValue({ value: 42 }), function (x, y) { return x.value === y.value; });
   * @param {Observable} second Second observable sequence or array to compare.
   * @param {Function} [comparer] Comparer used to compare elements of both sequences.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains a single element which indicates whether both sequences are of equal length and their corresponding elements are equal according to the specified equality comparer.
   */
  observableProto.sequenceEqual = function (second, comparer) {
    var first = this;
    comparer || (comparer = defaultComparer);
    if (Array.isArray(second)) {
      return sequenceEqualArray(first, second, comparer);
    }
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var donel = false, doner = false, ql = [], qr = [];
      var subscription1 = first.subscribe(function (x) {
        var equal, v;
        if (qr.length > 0) {
            v = qr.shift();
            try {
              equal = comparer(v, x);
            } catch (e) {
              observer.onError(e);
              return;
            }
            if (!equal) {
              observer.onNext(false);
              observer.onCompleted();
            }
        } else if (doner) {
          observer.onNext(false);
          observer.onCompleted();
        } else {
          ql.push(x);
        }
      }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
        donel = true;
        if (ql.length === 0) {
          if (qr.length > 0) {
            observer.onNext(false);
            observer.onCompleted();
          } else if (doner) {
            observer.onNext(true);
            observer.onCompleted();
          }
        }
      });

      isPromise(second) && (second = observableFromPromise(second));
      var subscription2 = second.subscribe(function (x) {
        var equal, v;
        if (ql.length > 0) {
          v = ql.shift();
          try {
            equal = comparer(v, x);
          } catch (exception) {
            observer.onError(exception);
            return;
          }
          if (!equal) {
            observer.onNext(false);
            observer.onCompleted();
          }
        } else if (donel) {
          observer.onNext(false);
          observer.onCompleted();
        } else {
          qr.push(x);
        }
      }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
        doner = true;
        if (qr.length === 0) {
          if (ql.length > 0) {
            observer.onNext(false);
            observer.onCompleted();
          } else if (donel) {
            observer.onNext(true);
            observer.onCompleted();
          }
        }
      });
      return new CompositeDisposable(subscription1, subscription2);
    });
  };

    function elementAtOrDefault(source, index, hasDefault, defaultValue) {
        if (index < 0) {
            throw new Error(argumentOutOfRange);
        }
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var i = index;
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                if (i === 0) {
                    observer.onNext(x);
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
                i--;
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                if (!hasDefault) {
                    observer.onError(new Error(argumentOutOfRange));
                } else {
                    observer.onNext(defaultValue);
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            });
        });
    }

    /**
     * Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence.
     * @example
     * var res = source.elementAt(5);
     * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the element to retrieve.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that produces the element at the specified position in the source sequence.
     */
    observableProto.elementAt =  function (index) {
        return elementAtOrDefault(this, index, false);
    };

    /**
     * Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence or a default value if the index is out of range.
     * @example
     * var res = source.elementAtOrDefault(5);
     * var res = source.elementAtOrDefault(5, 0);
     * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the element to retrieve.
     * @param [defaultValue] The default value if the index is outside the bounds of the source sequence.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that produces the element at the specified position in the source sequence, or a default value if the index is outside the bounds of the source sequence.
     */    
    observableProto.elementAtOrDefault = function (index, defaultValue) {
        return elementAtOrDefault(this, index, true, defaultValue);
    };

    function singleOrDefaultAsync(source, hasDefault, defaultValue) {
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var value = defaultValue, seenValue = false;
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                if (seenValue) {
                    observer.onError(new Error('Sequence contains more than one element'));
                } else {
                    value = x;
                    seenValue = true;
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                if (!seenValue && !hasDefault) {
                    observer.onError(new Error(sequenceContainsNoElements));
                } else {
                    observer.onNext(value);
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            });
        });
    }

    /**
     * Returns the only element of an observable sequence that satisfies the condition in the optional predicate, and reports an exception if there is not exactly one element in the observable sequence.
     * @example
     * var res = res = source.single();
     * var res = res = source.single(function (x) { return x === 42; });
     * @param {Function} [predicate] A predicate function to evaluate for elements in the source sequence.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as `this` when executing the predicate.        
     * @returns {Observable} Sequence containing the single element in the observable sequence that satisfies the condition in the predicate.
     */
    observableProto.single = function (predicate, thisArg) {
        return predicate ?
            this.where(predicate, thisArg).single() :
            singleOrDefaultAsync(this, false);
    };

    /**
     * Returns the only element of an observable sequence that matches the predicate, or a default value if no such element exists; this method reports an exception if there is more than one element in the observable sequence.
     * @example
     * var res = res = source.singleOrDefault();
     * var res = res = source.singleOrDefault(function (x) { return x === 42; });
     * res = source.singleOrDefault(function (x) { return x === 42; }, 0);
     * res = source.singleOrDefault(null, 0);
     * @memberOf Observable#
     * @param {Function} predicate A predicate function to evaluate for elements in the source sequence.
     * @param [defaultValue] The default value if the index is outside the bounds of the source sequence.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as `this` when executing the predicate.        
     * @returns {Observable} Sequence containing the single element in the observable sequence that satisfies the condition in the predicate, or a default value if no such element exists.
     */
    observableProto.singleOrDefault = function (predicate, defaultValue, thisArg) {
        return predicate?
            this.where(predicate, thisArg).singleOrDefault(null, defaultValue) :
            singleOrDefaultAsync(this, true, defaultValue)
    };
    function firstOrDefaultAsync(source, hasDefault, defaultValue) {
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                observer.onNext(x);
                observer.onCompleted();
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                if (!hasDefault) {
                    observer.onError(new Error(sequenceContainsNoElements));
                } else {
                    observer.onNext(defaultValue);
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            });
        });
    }

    /**
     * Returns the first element of an observable sequence that satisfies the condition in the predicate if present else the first item in the sequence.
     * @example
     * var res = res = source.first();
     * var res = res = source.first(function (x) { return x > 3; });
     * @param {Function} [predicate] A predicate function to evaluate for elements in the source sequence.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as `this` when executing the predicate.     
     * @returns {Observable} Sequence containing the first element in the observable sequence that satisfies the condition in the predicate if provided, else the first item in the sequence.
     */    
    observableProto.first = function (predicate, thisArg) {
        return predicate ?
            this.where(predicate, thisArg).first() :
            firstOrDefaultAsync(this, false);
    };

    /**
     * Returns the first element of an observable sequence that satisfies the condition in the predicate, or a default value if no such element exists.
     * @example     
     * var res = res = source.firstOrDefault();
     * var res = res = source.firstOrDefault(function (x) { return x > 3; });
     * var res = source.firstOrDefault(function (x) { return x > 3; }, 0);
     * var res = source.firstOrDefault(null, 0);
     * @param {Function} [predicate] A predicate function to evaluate for elements in the source sequence. 
     * @param {Any} [defaultValue] The default value if no such element exists.  If not specified, defaults to null.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as `this` when executing the predicate.
     * @returns {Observable} Sequence containing the first element in the observable sequence that satisfies the condition in the predicate, or a default value if no such element exists.
     */
    observableProto.firstOrDefault = function (predicate, defaultValue, thisArg) {
        return predicate ?
            this.where(predicate).firstOrDefault(null, defaultValue) :
            firstOrDefaultAsync(this, true, defaultValue);
    };

    function lastOrDefaultAsync(source, hasDefault, defaultValue) {
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var value = defaultValue, seenValue = false;
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                value = x;
                seenValue = true;
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                if (!seenValue && !hasDefault) {
                    observer.onError(new Error(sequenceContainsNoElements));
                } else {
                    observer.onNext(value);
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            });
        });
    }

    /**
     * Returns the last element of an observable sequence that satisfies the condition in the predicate if specified, else the last element.
     * @example
     * var res = source.last();
     * var res = source.last(function (x) { return x > 3; });
     * @param {Function} [predicate] A predicate function to evaluate for elements in the source sequence.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as `this` when executing the predicate.     
     * @returns {Observable} Sequence containing the last element in the observable sequence that satisfies the condition in the predicate.
     */
    observableProto.last = function (predicate, thisArg) {
        return predicate ?
            this.where(predicate, thisArg).last() :
            lastOrDefaultAsync(this, false);
    };

    /**
     * Returns the last element of an observable sequence that satisfies the condition in the predicate, or a default value if no such element exists.
     * @example
     * var res = source.lastOrDefault();
     * var res = source.lastOrDefault(function (x) { return x > 3; });
     * var res = source.lastOrDefault(function (x) { return x > 3; }, 0);
     * var res = source.lastOrDefault(null, 0);
     * @param {Function} [predicate] A predicate function to evaluate for elements in the source sequence.
     * @param [defaultValue] The default value if no such element exists.  If not specified, defaults to null.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as `this` when executing the predicate.     
     * @returns {Observable} Sequence containing the last element in the observable sequence that satisfies the condition in the predicate, or a default value if no such element exists.
     */
    observableProto.lastOrDefault = function (predicate, defaultValue, thisArg) {
        return predicate ? 
            this.where(predicate, thisArg).lastOrDefault(null, defaultValue) :
            lastOrDefaultAsync(this, true, defaultValue);
    };

    function findValue (source, predicate, thisArg, yieldIndex) {
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var i = 0;
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                var shouldRun;
                try {
                    shouldRun = predicate.call(thisArg, x, i, source);
                } catch(e) {
                    observer.onError(e);
                    return;
                }
                if (shouldRun) {
                    observer.onNext(yieldIndex ? i : x);
                    observer.onCompleted();
                } else {
                    i++;
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                observer.onNext(yieldIndex ? -1 : undefined);
                observer.onCompleted();
            });
        });        
    }

    /**
     * Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns the first occurrence within the entire Observable sequence.
     * @param {Function} predicate The predicate that defines the conditions of the element to search for.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as `this` when executing the predicate.          
     * @returns {Observable} An Observable sequence with the first element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, if found; otherwise, undefined.
     */
    observableProto.find = function (predicate, thisArg) {
        return findValue(this, predicate, thisArg, false);
    };

    /**
     * Searches for an element that matches the conditions defined by the specified predicate, and returns 
     * an Observable sequence with the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the entire Observable sequence. 
     * @param {Function} predicate The predicate that defines the conditions of the element to search for.
     * @param {Any} [thisArg] Object to use as `this` when executing the predicate.          
     * @returns {Observable} An Observable sequence with the zero-based index of the first occurrence of an element that matches the conditions defined by match, if found; otherwise, –1.
    */
    observableProto.findIndex = function (predicate, thisArg) {
        return findValue(this, predicate, thisArg, true);
    };

    /**
     * Invokes the specified function asynchronously on the specified scheduler, surfacing the result through an observable sequence.
     * 
     * @example
     * var res = Rx.Observable.start(function () { console.log('hello'); });
     * var res = Rx.Observable.start(function () { console.log('hello'); }, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     * var res = Rx.Observable.start(function () { this.log('hello'); }, Rx.Scheduler.timeout, console);
     * 
     * @param {Function} func Function to run asynchronously.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler to run the function on. If not specified, defaults to Scheduler.timeout.
     * @param [context]  The context for the func parameter to be executed.  If not specified, defaults to undefined.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence exposing the function's result value, or an exception.
     * 
     * Remarks
     * * The function is called immediately, not during the subscription of the resulting sequence.
     * * Multiple subscriptions to the resulting sequence can observe the function's result.  
     */
    Observable.start = function (func, scheduler, context) {
        return observableToAsync(func, scheduler, context)();
    };

    /**
     * Converts the function into an asynchronous function. Each invocation of the resulting asynchronous function causes an invocation of the original synchronous function on the specified scheduler.
     * 
     * @example
     * var res = Rx.Observable.toAsync(function (x, y) { return x + y; })(4, 3);
     * var res = Rx.Observable.toAsync(function (x, y) { return x + y; }, Rx.Scheduler.timeout)(4, 3);
     * var res = Rx.Observable.toAsync(function (x) { this.log(x); }, Rx.Scheduler.timeout, console)('hello');
     * 
     * @param {Function} function Function to convert to an asynchronous function.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler to run the function on. If not specified, defaults to Scheduler.timeout.
     * @param {Mixed} [context] The context for the func parameter to be executed.  If not specified, defaults to undefined.
     * @returns {Function} Asynchronous function.
     */
    var observableToAsync = Observable.toAsync = function (func, scheduler, context) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        return function () {
            var args = arguments, 
                subject = new AsyncSubject();

            scheduler.schedule(function () {
                var result;
                try {
                    result = func.apply(context, args);
                } catch (e) {
                    subject.onError(e);
                    return;
                }
                subject.onNext(result);
                subject.onCompleted();
            });
            return subject.asObservable();
        };
    };

    /**
     * Converts a callback function to an observable sequence. 
     * 
     * @param {Function} function Function with a callback as the last parameter to convert to an Observable sequence.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler to run the function on. If not specified, defaults to Scheduler.timeout.
     * @param {Mixed} [context] The context for the func parameter to be executed.  If not specified, defaults to undefined.
     * @param {Function} [selector] A selector which takes the arguments from the callback to produce a single item to yield on next.
     * @returns {Function} A function, when executed with the required parameters minus the callback, produces an Observable sequence with a single value of the arguments to the callback as an array.
     */
    Observable.fromCallback = function (func, scheduler, context, selector) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = immediateScheduler);
        return function () {
            var args = slice.call(arguments, 0);

            return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
                return scheduler.schedule(function () {
                    function handler(e) {
                        var results = e;
                        
                        if (selector) {
                            try {
                                results = selector(arguments);
                            } catch (err) {
                                observer.onError(err);
                                return;
                            }
                        } else {
                            if (results.length === 1) {
                                results = results[0];
                            }
                        }

                        observer.onNext(results);
                        observer.onCompleted();
                    }

                    args.push(handler);
                    func.apply(context, args);
                });
            });
        };
    };

    /**
     * Converts a Node.js callback style function to an observable sequence.  This must be in function (err, ...) format.
     * @param {Function} func The function to call
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler to run the function on. If not specified, defaults to Scheduler.timeout.
     * @param {Mixed} [context] The context for the func parameter to be executed.  If not specified, defaults to undefined.
     * @param {Function} [selector] A selector which takes the arguments from the callback minus the error to produce a single item to yield on next.     
     * @returns {Function} An async function which when applied, returns an observable sequence with the callback arguments as an array.
     */
    Observable.fromNodeCallback = function (func, scheduler, context, selector) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = immediateScheduler);
        return function () {
            var args = slice.call(arguments, 0);

            return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
                return scheduler.schedule(function () {
                    
                    function handler(err) {
                        if (err) {
                            observer.onError(err);
                            return;
                        }

                        var results = slice.call(arguments, 1);
                        
                        if (selector) {
                            try {
                                results = selector(results);
                            } catch (e) {
                                observer.onError(e);
                                return;
                            }
                        } else {
                            if (results.length === 1) {
                                results = results[0];
                            }
                        }

                        observer.onNext(results);
                        observer.onCompleted();
                    }

                    args.push(handler);
                    func.apply(context, args);
                });
            });
        };
    };

  function createListener (element, name, handler) {
    // Node.js specific
    if (element.addListener) {
      element.addListener(name, handler);
      return disposableCreate(function () {
        element.removeListener(name, handler);
      });
    } 
    if (element.addEventListener) {
      element.addEventListener(name, handler, false);
      return disposableCreate(function () {
        element.removeEventListener(name, handler, false);
      });
    }
    throw new Error('No listener found');
  }

  function createEventListener (el, eventName, handler) {
    var disposables = new CompositeDisposable();

    // Asume NodeList
    if (typeof el.item === 'function' && typeof el.length === 'number') {
      for (var i = 0, len = el.length; i < len; i++) {
        disposables.add(createEventListener(el.item(i), eventName, handler));
      }
    } else if (el) {
      disposables.add(createListener(el, eventName, handler));
    }

    return disposables;
  }

  // Check for Angular/jQuery/Zepto support
  var jq =
   !!root.angular && !!angular.element ? angular.element :
   (!!root.jQuery ? root.jQuery : (
     !!root.Zepto ? root.Zepto : null));

  // Check for ember
  var ember = !!root.Ember && typeof root.Ember.addListener === 'function';

  /**
   * Creates an observable sequence by adding an event listener to the matching DOMElement or each item in the NodeList.
   *
   * @example
   *   var source = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(element, 'mouseup');
   * 
   * @param {Object} element The DOMElement or NodeList to attach a listener.
   * @param {String} eventName The event name to attach the observable sequence.
   * @param {Function} [selector] A selector which takes the arguments from the event handler to produce a single item to yield on next.     
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence of events from the specified element and the specified event.
   */
  Observable.fromEvent = function (element, eventName, selector) {
    if (ember) {
      return fromEventPattern(
        function (h) { Ember.addListener(element, eventName, h); },
        function (h) { Ember.removeListener(element, eventName, h); },
        selector);
    }    
    if (jq) {
      var $elem = jq(element);
      return fromEventPattern(
        function (h) { $elem.on(eventName, h); },
        function (h) { $elem.off(eventName, h); },
        selector);
    }
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      return createEventListener(
        element, 
        eventName, 
        function handler (e) { 
          var results = e;

          if (selector) {
            try {
              results = selector(arguments);
            } catch (err) {
              observer.onError(err);
              return
            }
          }

          observer.onNext(results); 
        });
    }).publish().refCount();
  };

  /**
   * Creates an observable sequence from an event emitter via an addHandler/removeHandler pair.
   * @param {Function} addHandler The function to add a handler to the emitter.
   * @param {Function} [removeHandler] The optional function to remove a handler from an emitter.
   * @param {Function} [selector] A selector which takes the arguments from the event handler to produce a single item to yield on next.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence which wraps an event from an event emitter
   */
  var fromEventPattern = Observable.fromEventPattern = function (addHandler, removeHandler, selector) {
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      function innerHandler (e) {
        var result = e;
        if (selector) {
          try {
            result = selector(arguments);
          } catch (err) {
            observer.onError(err);
            return;
          }
        }
        observer.onNext(result);
      }

      var returnValue = addHandler(innerHandler);
      return disposableCreate(function () {
        if (removeHandler) {
          removeHandler(innerHandler, returnValue);
        }
      });
    }).publish().refCount();
  };

  /**
   * Invokes the asynchronous function, surfacing the result through an observable sequence.
   * @param {Function} functionAsync Asynchronous function which returns a Promise to run.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence exposing the function's result value, or an exception.
   */
  Observable.startAsync = function (functionAsync) {
    var promise;
    try {
      promise = functionAsync();
    } catch (e) {
      return observableThrow(e);
    }
    return observableFromPromise(promise);
  }

  var PausableObservable = (function (_super) {

    inherits(PausableObservable, _super);

    function subscribe(observer) {
      var conn = this.source.publish(),
        subscription = conn.subscribe(observer),
        connection = disposableEmpty;

      var pausable = this.subject.distinctUntilChanged().subscribe(function (b) {
        if (b) {
          connection = conn.connect();
        } else {
          connection.dispose();
          connection = disposableEmpty;
        }
      });

      return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, connection, pausable);
    }

    function PausableObservable(source, subject) {
      this.source = source;
      this.subject = subject || new Subject();
      this.isPaused = true;
      _super.call(this, subscribe);
    }

    PausableObservable.prototype.pause = function () {
      if (this.isPaused === true){
        return;
      }
      this.isPaused = true;
      this.subject.onNext(false);
    };

    PausableObservable.prototype.resume = function () {
      if (this.isPaused === false){
        return;
      }
      this.isPaused = false;
      this.subject.onNext(true);
    };

    return PausableObservable;

  }(Observable));

  /**
   * Pauses the underlying observable sequence based upon the observable sequence which yields true/false.
   * @example
   * var pauser = new Rx.Subject();
   * var source = Rx.Observable.interval(100).pausable(pauser);
   * @param {Observable} pauser The observable sequence used to pause the underlying sequence.
   * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence which is paused based upon the pauser.
   */
  observableProto.pausable = function (pauser) {
    return new PausableObservable(this, pauser);
  };
  function combineLatestSource(source, subject, resultSelector) {
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var n = 2,
        hasValue = [false, false],
        hasValueAll = false,
        isDone = false,
        values = new Array(n);

      function next(x, i) {
        values[i] = x
        var res;
        hasValue[i] = true;
        if (hasValueAll || (hasValueAll = hasValue.every(identity))) {
          try {
            res = resultSelector.apply(null, values);
          } catch (ex) {
            observer.onError(ex);
            return;
          }
          observer.onNext(res);
        } else if (isDone) {
          observer.onCompleted();
        }
      }

      return new CompositeDisposable(
        source.subscribe(
          function (x) {
            next(x, 0);
          },
          observer.onError.bind(observer),
          function () {
            isDone = true;
            observer.onCompleted();
          }),
        subject.subscribe(
          function (x) {
            next(x, 1);
          },
          observer.onError.bind(observer))
        );
    });
  }

  var PausableBufferedObservable = (function (_super) {

    inherits(PausableBufferedObservable, _super);

    function subscribe(observer) {
      var q = [], previous = true;
      
      var subscription =  
        combineLatestSource(
          this.source,
          this.subject.distinctUntilChanged(), 
          function (data, shouldFire) {
            return { data: data, shouldFire: shouldFire };      
          })
          .subscribe(
            function (results) {
              if (results.shouldFire && previous) {
                observer.onNext(results.data);
              }
              if (results.shouldFire && !previous) {
                while (q.length > 0) {
                  observer.onNext(q.shift());
                }
                previous = true;
              } else if (!results.shouldFire && !previous) {
                q.push(results.data);
              } else if (!results.shouldFire && previous) {
                previous = false;
              }

            }, 
            function (err) {
              // Empty buffer before sending error
              while (q.length > 0) {
                observer.onNext(q.shift());
              }
              observer.onError(err);
            },
            function () {
              // Empty buffer before sending completion
              while (q.length > 0) {
                observer.onNext(q.shift());
              }
              observer.onCompleted();              
            }
          );

      this.subject.onNext(false);

      return subscription;      
    }

    function PausableBufferedObservable(source, subject) {
      this.source = source;
      this.subject = subject || new Subject();
      this.isPaused = true;
      _super.call(this, subscribe);
    }

    PausableBufferedObservable.prototype.pause = function () {
      if (this.isPaused === true){
        return;
      }
      this.isPaused = true;
      this.subject.onNext(false);
    };

    PausableBufferedObservable.prototype.resume = function () {
      if (this.isPaused === false){
        return;
      }
      this.isPaused = false;
      this.subject.onNext(true);
    };

    return PausableBufferedObservable; 

  }(Observable));

  /**
   * Pauses the underlying observable sequence based upon the observable sequence which yields true/false,
   * and yields the values that were buffered while paused.
   * @example
   * var pauser = new Rx.Subject();
   * var source = Rx.Observable.interval(100).pausableBuffered(pauser);
   * @param {Observable} pauser The observable sequence used to pause the underlying sequence.
   * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence which is paused based upon the pauser.
   */  
  observableProto.pausableBuffered = function (subject) {
    return new PausableBufferedObservable(this, subject);
  };

  /**
   * Attaches a controller to the observable sequence with the ability to queue.
   * @example
   * var source = Rx.Observable.interval(100).controlled();
   * source.request(3); // Reads 3 values
   * @param {Observable} pauser The observable sequence used to pause the underlying sequence.
   * @returns {Observable} The observable sequence which is paused based upon the pauser.
   */ 
  observableProto.controlled = function (enableQueue) {
    if (enableQueue == null) {  enableQueue = true; }
    return new ControlledObservable(this, enableQueue);
  };
  var ControlledObservable = (function (_super) {

    inherits(ControlledObservable, _super);

    function subscribe (observer) {
      return this.source.subscribe(observer);
    }

    function ControlledObservable (source, enableQueue) {
      _super.call(this, subscribe);
      this.subject = new ControlledSubject(enableQueue);
      this.source = source.multicast(this.subject).refCount();
    }

    ControlledObservable.prototype.request = function (numberOfItems) {
      if (numberOfItems == null) { numberOfItems = -1; }
      return this.subject.request(numberOfItems);
    };

    return ControlledObservable;

  }(Observable));

    var ControlledSubject = Rx.ControlledSubject = (function (_super) {

        function subscribe (observer) {
            return this.subject.subscribe(observer);
        }

        inherits(ControlledSubject, _super);

        function ControlledSubject(enableQueue) {
            if (enableQueue == null) {
                enableQueue = true;
            }

            _super.call(this, subscribe);
            this.subject = new Subject();
            this.enableQueue = enableQueue;
            this.queue = enableQueue ? [] : null;
            this.requestedCount = 0;
            this.requestedDisposable = disposableEmpty;
            this.error = null;
            this.hasFailed = false;
            this.hasCompleted = false;
            this.controlledDisposable = disposableEmpty;
        }

        addProperties(ControlledSubject.prototype, Observer, {
            onCompleted: function () {
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                this.hasCompleted = true;

                if (!this.enableQueue || this.queue.length === 0) {
                    this.subject.onCompleted();
                }
            },
            onError: function (error) {
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                this.hasFailed = true;
                this.error = error;

                if (!this.enableQueue || this.queue.length === 0) {
                    this.subject.onError(error);
                }   
            },
            onNext: function (value) {
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                var hasRequested = false;

                if (this.requestedCount === 0) {
                    if (this.enableQueue) {
                        this.queue.push(value);
                    }
                } else {
                    if (this.requestedCount !== -1) {
                        if (this.requestedCount-- === 0) {
                            this.disposeCurrentRequest();
                        }
                    }
                    hasRequested = true;
                }

                if (hasRequested) {
                    this.subject.onNext(value);
                }
            },
            _processRequest: function (numberOfItems) {
                if (this.enableQueue) {
                    //console.log('queue length', this.queue.length);

                    while (this.queue.length >= numberOfItems && numberOfItems > 0) {
                        //console.log('number of items', numberOfItems);
                        this.subject.onNext(this.queue.shift());
                        numberOfItems--;
                    }

                    if (this.queue.length !== 0) {
                        return { numberOfItems: numberOfItems, returnValue: true };
                    } else {
                        return { numberOfItems: numberOfItems, returnValue: false };
                    }
                }

                if (this.hasFailed) {
                    this.subject.onError(this.error);
                    this.controlledDisposable.dispose();
                    this.controlledDisposable = disposableEmpty;
                } else if (this.hasCompleted) {
                    this.subject.onCompleted();
                    this.controlledDisposable.dispose();
                    this.controlledDisposable = disposableEmpty;                   
                }

                return { numberOfItems: numberOfItems, returnValue: false };
            },
            request: function (number) {
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                this.disposeCurrentRequest();
                var self = this,
                    r = this._processRequest(number);

                number = r.numberOfItems;
                if (!r.returnValue) {
                    this.requestedCount = number;
                    this.requestedDisposable = disposableCreate(function () {
                        self.requestedCount = 0;
                    });

                    return this.requestedDisposable
                } else {
                    return disposableEmpty;
                }
            },
            disposeCurrentRequest: function () {
                this.requestedDisposable.dispose();
                this.requestedDisposable = disposableEmpty;
            },

            dispose: function () {
                this.isDisposed = true;
                this.error = null;
                this.subject.dispose();
                this.requestedDisposable.dispose();
            }
        });

        return ControlledSubject;
    }(Observable));
    /**
     * Multicasts the source sequence notifications through an instantiated subject into all uses of the sequence within a selector function. Each
     * subscription to the resulting sequence causes a separate multicast invocation, exposing the sequence resulting from the selector function's
     * invocation. For specializations with fixed subject types, see Publish, PublishLast, and Replay.
     * 
     * @example
     * 1 - res = source.multicast(observable);
     * 2 - res = source.multicast(function () { return new Subject(); }, function (x) { return x; });
     * 
     * @param {Function|Subject} subjectOrSubjectSelector 
     * Factory function to create an intermediate subject through which the source sequence's elements will be multicast to the selector function.
     * Or:
     * Subject to push source elements into.
     * 
     * @param {Function} [selector] Optional selector function which can use the multicasted source sequence subject to the policies enforced by the created subject. Specified only if <paramref name="subjectOrSubjectSelector" is a factory function.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of a sequence produced by multicasting the source sequence within a selector function.
     */
    observableProto.multicast = function (subjectOrSubjectSelector, selector) {
        var source = this;
        return typeof subjectOrSubjectSelector === 'function' ?
            new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
                var connectable = source.multicast(subjectOrSubjectSelector());
                return new CompositeDisposable(selector(connectable).subscribe(observer), connectable.connect());
            }) :
            new ConnectableObservable(source, subjectOrSubjectSelector);
    };

    /**
     * Returns an observable sequence that is the result of invoking the selector on a connectable observable sequence that shares a single subscription to the underlying sequence.
     * This operator is a specialization of Multicast using a regular Subject.
     * 
     * @example
     * var resres = source.publish();
     * var res = source.publish(function (x) { return x; });
     * 
     * @param {Function} [selector] Selector function which can use the multicasted source sequence as many times as needed, without causing multiple subscriptions to the source sequence. Subscribers to the given source will receive all notifications of the source from the time of the subscription on.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of a sequence produced by multicasting the source sequence within a selector function.
     */
    observableProto.publish = function (selector) {
        return !selector ?
            this.multicast(new Subject()) :
            this.multicast(function () {
                return new Subject();
            }, selector);
    };

    /**
     * Returns an observable sequence that shares a single subscription to the underlying sequence.
     * This operator is a specialization of publish which creates a subscription when the number of observers goes from zero to one, then shares that subscription with all subsequent observers until the number of observers returns to zero, at which point the subscription is disposed.
     * 
     * @example
     * var res = source.share();
     * 
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of a sequence produced by multicasting the source sequence.
     */
    observableProto.share = function () {
        return this.publish(null).refCount();
    };

    /**
     * Returns an observable sequence that is the result of invoking the selector on a connectable observable sequence that shares a single subscription to the underlying sequence containing only the last notification.
     * This operator is a specialization of Multicast using a AsyncSubject.
     * 
     * @example
     * var res = source.publishLast();
     * var res = source.publishLast(function (x) { return x; });
     * 
     * @param selector [Optional] Selector function which can use the multicasted source sequence as many times as needed, without causing multiple subscriptions to the source sequence. Subscribers to the given source will only receive the last notification of the source.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of a sequence produced by multicasting the source sequence within a selector function.
     */
    observableProto.publishLast = function (selector) {
        return !selector ?
            this.multicast(new AsyncSubject()) :
            this.multicast(function () {
                return new AsyncSubject();
            }, selector);
    };

    /**
     * Returns an observable sequence that is the result of invoking the selector on a connectable observable sequence that shares a single subscription to the underlying sequence and starts with initialValue.
     * This operator is a specialization of Multicast using a BehaviorSubject.
     * 
     * @example
     * var res = source.publishValue(42);
     * var res = source.publishValue(function (x) { return x.select(function (y) { return y * y; }) }, 42);
     * 
     * @param {Function} [selector] Optional selector function which can use the multicasted source sequence as many times as needed, without causing multiple subscriptions to the source sequence. Subscribers to the given source will receive immediately receive the initial value, followed by all notifications of the source from the time of the subscription on.
     * @param {Mixed} initialValue Initial value received by observers upon subscription.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of a sequence produced by multicasting the source sequence within a selector function.
     */
    observableProto.publishValue = function (initialValueOrSelector, initialValue) {
        return arguments.length === 2 ?
            this.multicast(function () {
                return new BehaviorSubject(initialValue);
            }, initialValueOrSelector) :
            this.multicast(new BehaviorSubject(initialValueOrSelector));
    };

    /**
     * Returns an observable sequence that shares a single subscription to the underlying sequence and starts with an initialValue.
     * This operator is a specialization of publishValue which creates a subscription when the number of observers goes from zero to one, then shares that subscription with all subsequent observers until the number of observers returns to zero, at which point the subscription is disposed.
     * 
     * @example
     * var res = source.shareValue(42);
     * 
     * @param {Mixed} initialValue Initial value received by observers upon subscription.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of a sequence produced by multicasting the source sequence.
     */
    observableProto.shareValue = function (initialValue) {
        return this.publishValue(initialValue).
            refCount();
    };

    /**
     * Returns an observable sequence that is the result of invoking the selector on a connectable observable sequence that shares a single subscription to the underlying sequence replaying notifications subject to a maximum time length for the replay buffer.
     * This operator is a specialization of Multicast using a ReplaySubject.
     * 
     * @example
     * var res = source.replay(null, 3);
     * var res = source.replay(null, 3, 500);
     * var res = source.replay(null, 3, 500, scheduler);
     * var res = source.replay(function (x) { return x.take(6).repeat(); }, 3, 500, scheduler);
     * 
     * @param selector [Optional] Selector function which can use the multicasted source sequence as many times as needed, without causing multiple subscriptions to the source sequence. Subscribers to the given source will receive all the notifications of the source subject to the specified replay buffer trimming policy.
     * @param bufferSize [Optional] Maximum element count of the replay buffer.
     * @param window [Optional] Maximum time length of the replay buffer.
     * @param scheduler [Optional] Scheduler where connected observers within the selector function will be invoked on.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of a sequence produced by multicasting the source sequence within a selector function.
     */
    observableProto.replay = function (selector, bufferSize, window, scheduler) {
        return !selector ?
            this.multicast(new ReplaySubject(bufferSize, window, scheduler)) :
            this.multicast(function () {
                return new ReplaySubject(bufferSize, window, scheduler);
            }, selector);
    };

    /**
     * Returns an observable sequence that shares a single subscription to the underlying sequence replaying notifications subject to a maximum time length for the replay buffer.
     * This operator is a specialization of replay which creates a subscription when the number of observers goes from zero to one, then shares that subscription with all subsequent observers until the number of observers returns to zero, at which point the subscription is disposed.
     * 
     * @example
     * var res = source.replayWhileObserved(3);
     * var res = source.replayWhileObserved(3, 500);
     * var res = source.replayWhileObserved(3, 500, scheduler);
     * 

     * @param bufferSize [Optional] Maximum element count of the replay buffer.
     * @param window [Optional] Maximum time length of the replay buffer.
     * @param scheduler [Optional] Scheduler where connected observers within the selector function will be invoked on.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of a sequence produced by multicasting the source sequence.
     */
    observableProto.replayWhileObserved = function (bufferSize, window, scheduler) {
        return this.replay(null, bufferSize, window, scheduler).refCount();
    };

    /** @private */
    var InnerSubscription = function (subject, observer) {
        this.subject = subject;
        this.observer = observer;
    };

    /**
     * @private
     * @memberOf InnerSubscription
     */
    InnerSubscription.prototype.dispose = function () {
        if (!this.subject.isDisposed && this.observer !== null) {
            var idx = this.subject.observers.indexOf(this.observer);
            this.subject.observers.splice(idx, 1);
            this.observer = null;
        }
    };

    /**
     *  Represents a value that changes over time.
     *  Observers can subscribe to the subject to receive the last (or initial) value and all subsequent notifications.
     */
    var BehaviorSubject = Rx.BehaviorSubject = (function (_super) {
        function subscribe(observer) {
            checkDisposed.call(this);
            if (!this.isStopped) {
                this.observers.push(observer);
                observer.onNext(this.value);
                return new InnerSubscription(this, observer);
            }
            var ex = this.exception;
            if (ex) {
                observer.onError(ex);
            } else {
                observer.onCompleted();
            }
            return disposableEmpty;
        }

        inherits(BehaviorSubject, _super);

        /**
         * @constructor
         *  Initializes a new instance of the BehaviorSubject class which creates a subject that caches its last value and starts with the specified value.
         *  @param {Mixed} value Initial value sent to observers when no other value has been received by the subject yet.
         */       
        function BehaviorSubject(value) {
            _super.call(this, subscribe);

            this.value = value,
            this.observers = [],
            this.isDisposed = false,
            this.isStopped = false,
            this.exception = null;
        }

        addProperties(BehaviorSubject.prototype, Observer, {
            /**
             * Indicates whether the subject has observers subscribed to it.
             * @returns {Boolean} Indicates whether the subject has observers subscribed to it.
             */         
            hasObservers: function () {
                return this.observers.length > 0;
            },
            /**
             * Notifies all subscribed observers about the end of the sequence.
             */ 
            onCompleted: function () {
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                if (!this.isStopped) {
                    var os = this.observers.slice(0);
                    this.isStopped = true;
                    for (var i = 0, len = os.length; i < len; i++) {
                        os[i].onCompleted();
                    }

                    this.observers = [];
                }
            },
            /**
             * Notifies all subscribed observers about the exception.
             * @param {Mixed} error The exception to send to all observers.
             */             
            onError: function (error) {
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                if (!this.isStopped) {
                    var os = this.observers.slice(0);
                    this.isStopped = true;
                    this.exception = error;

                    for (var i = 0, len = os.length; i < len; i++) {
                        os[i].onError(error);
                    }

                    this.observers = [];
                }
            },
            /**
             * Notifies all subscribed observers about the arrival of the specified element in the sequence.
             * @param {Mixed} value The value to send to all observers.
             */              
            onNext: function (value) {
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                if (!this.isStopped) {
                    this.value = value;
                    var os = this.observers.slice(0);
                    for (var i = 0, len = os.length; i < len; i++) {
                        os[i].onNext(value);
                    }
                }
            },
            /**
             * Unsubscribe all observers and release resources.
             */            
            dispose: function () {
                this.isDisposed = true;
                this.observers = null;
                this.value = null;
                this.exception = null;
            }
        });

        return BehaviorSubject;
    }(Observable));

    /**
     * Represents an object that is both an observable sequence as well as an observer.
     * Each notification is broadcasted to all subscribed and future observers, subject to buffer trimming policies.
     */  
    var ReplaySubject = Rx.ReplaySubject = (function (_super) {

        function RemovableDisposable (subject, observer) {
            this.subject = subject;
            this.observer = observer;
        };

        RemovableDisposable.prototype.dispose = function () {
            this.observer.dispose();
            if (!this.subject.isDisposed) {
                var idx = this.subject.observers.indexOf(this.observer);
                this.subject.observers.splice(idx, 1);
            }
        };

        function subscribe(observer) {
            var so = new ScheduledObserver(this.scheduler, observer),
                subscription = new RemovableDisposable(this, so);
            checkDisposed.call(this);
            this._trim(this.scheduler.now());
            this.observers.push(so);

            var n = this.q.length;

            for (var i = 0, len = this.q.length; i < len; i++) {
                so.onNext(this.q[i].value);
            }

            if (this.hasError) {
                n++;
                so.onError(this.error);
            } else if (this.isStopped) {
                n++;
                so.onCompleted();
            }

            so.ensureActive(n);
            return subscription;
        }

        inherits(ReplaySubject, _super);

        /**
         *  Initializes a new instance of the ReplaySubject class with the specified buffer size, window size and scheduler.
         *  @param {Number} [bufferSize] Maximum element count of the replay buffer.
         *  @param {Number} [windowSize] Maximum time length of the replay buffer.
         *  @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler the observers are invoked on.
         */
        function ReplaySubject(bufferSize, windowSize, scheduler) {
            this.bufferSize = bufferSize == null ? Number.MAX_VALUE : bufferSize;
            this.windowSize = windowSize == null ? Number.MAX_VALUE : windowSize;
            this.scheduler = scheduler || currentThreadScheduler;
            this.q = [];
            this.observers = [];
            this.isStopped = false;
            this.isDisposed = false;
            this.hasError = false;
            this.error = null;
            _super.call(this, subscribe);
        }

        addProperties(ReplaySubject.prototype, Observer, {
            /**
             * Indicates whether the subject has observers subscribed to it.
             * @returns {Boolean} Indicates whether the subject has observers subscribed to it.
             */         
            hasObservers: function () {
                return this.observers.length > 0;
            },            
            /* @private  */
            _trim: function (now) {
                while (this.q.length > this.bufferSize) {
                    this.q.shift();
                }
                while (this.q.length > 0 && (now - this.q[0].interval) > this.windowSize) {
                    this.q.shift();
                }
            },
            /**
             * Notifies all subscribed observers about the arrival of the specified element in the sequence.
             * @param {Mixed} value The value to send to all observers.
             */              
            onNext: function (value) {
                var observer;
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                if (!this.isStopped) {
                    var now = this.scheduler.now();
                    this.q.push({ interval: now, value: value });
                    this._trim(now);

                    var o = this.observers.slice(0);
                    for (var i = 0, len = o.length; i < len; i++) {
                        observer = o[i];
                        observer.onNext(value);
                        observer.ensureActive();
                    }
                }
            },
            /**
             * Notifies all subscribed observers about the exception.
             * @param {Mixed} error The exception to send to all observers.
             */                 
            onError: function (error) {
                var observer;
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                if (!this.isStopped) {
                    this.isStopped = true;
                    this.error = error;
                    this.hasError = true;
                    var now = this.scheduler.now();
                    this._trim(now);
                    var o = this.observers.slice(0);
                    for (var i = 0, len = o.length; i < len; i++) {
                        observer = o[i];
                        observer.onError(error);
                        observer.ensureActive();
                    }
                    this.observers = [];
                }
            },
            /**
             * Notifies all subscribed observers about the end of the sequence.
             */             
            onCompleted: function () {
                var observer;
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                if (!this.isStopped) {
                    this.isStopped = true;
                    var now = this.scheduler.now();
                    this._trim(now);
                    var o = this.observers.slice(0);
                    for (var i = 0, len = o.length; i < len; i++) {
                        observer = o[i];
                        observer.onCompleted();
                        observer.ensureActive();
                    }
                    this.observers = [];
                }
            },
            /**
             * Unsubscribe all observers and release resources.
             */               
            dispose: function () {
                this.isDisposed = true;
                this.observers = null;
            }
        });

        return ReplaySubject;
    }(Observable));

    /** @private */
    var ConnectableObservable = Rx.ConnectableObservable = (function (_super) {
        inherits(ConnectableObservable, _super);

        /**
         * @constructor
         * @private
         */
        function ConnectableObservable(source, subject) {
            var state = {
                subject: subject,
                source: source.asObservable(),
                hasSubscription: false,
                subscription: null
            };

            this.connect = function () {
                if (!state.hasSubscription) {
                    state.hasSubscription = true;
                    state.subscription = new CompositeDisposable(state.source.subscribe(state.subject), disposableCreate(function () {
                        state.hasSubscription = false;
                    }));
                }
                return state.subscription;
            };

            function subscribe(observer) {
                return state.subject.subscribe(observer);
            }

            _super.call(this, subscribe);
        }

        /**
         * @private
         * @memberOf ConnectableObservable
         */
        ConnectableObservable.prototype.connect = function () { return this.connect(); };

        /**
         * @private
         * @memberOf ConnectableObservable
         */        
        ConnectableObservable.prototype.refCount = function () {
            var connectableSubscription = null, count = 0, source = this;
            return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
                var shouldConnect, subscription;
                count++;
                shouldConnect = count === 1;
                subscription = source.subscribe(observer);
                if (shouldConnect) {
                    connectableSubscription = source.connect();
                }
                return disposableCreate(function () {
                    subscription.dispose();
                    count--;
                    if (count === 0) {
                        connectableSubscription.dispose();
                    }
                });
            });
        };

        return ConnectableObservable;
    }(Observable));

    // Real Dictionary
    var primes = [1, 3, 7, 13, 31, 61, 127, 251, 509, 1021, 2039, 4093, 8191, 16381, 32749, 65521, 131071, 262139, 524287, 1048573, 2097143, 4194301, 8388593, 16777213, 33554393, 67108859, 134217689, 268435399, 536870909, 1073741789, 2147483647];
    var noSuchkey = "no such key";
    var duplicatekey = "duplicate key";

    function isPrime(candidate) {
        if (candidate & 1 === 0) {
            return candidate === 2;
        }
        var num1 = Math.sqrt(candidate),
            num2 = 3;
        while (num2 <= num1) {
            if (candidate % num2 === 0) {
                return false;
            }
            num2 += 2;
        }
        return true;
    }

    function getPrime(min) {
        var index, num, candidate;
        for (index = 0; index < primes.length; ++index) {
            num = primes[index];
            if (num >= min) {
                return num;
            }
        }
        candidate = min | 1;
        while (candidate < primes[primes.length - 1]) {
            if (isPrime(candidate)) {
                return candidate;
            }
            candidate += 2;
        }
        return min;
    }

    function stringHashFn(str) {
        var hash = 757602046;
        if (!str.length) {
            return hash;
        }
        for (var i = 0, len = str.length; i < len; i++) {
            var character = str.charCodeAt(i);
            hash = ((hash<<5)-hash)+character;
            hash = hash & hash;
        }
        return hash;
    }

    function numberHashFn(key) {
        var c2 = 0x27d4eb2d; 
        key = (key ^ 61) ^ (key >>> 16);
        key = key + (key << 3);
        key = key ^ (key >>> 4);
        key = key * c2;
        key = key ^ (key >>> 15);
        return key;
    }

    var getHashCode = (function () {
        var uniqueIdCounter = 0;

        return function (obj) {
            if (obj == null) { 
                throw new Error(noSuchkey);
            }

            // Check for built-ins before tacking on our own for any object
            if (typeof obj === 'string') {
                return stringHashFn(obj);
            }

            if (typeof obj === 'number') {
                return numberHashFn(obj);
            }

            if (typeof obj === 'boolean') {
                return obj === true ? 1 : 0;
            }

            if (obj instanceof Date) {
                return obj.getTime();
            }

            if (obj.getHashCode) {
                return obj.getHashCode();
            }

            var id = 17 * uniqueIdCounter++;
            obj.getHashCode = function () { return id; };
            return id;
        };
    } ());

    function newEntry() {
        return { key: null, value: null, next: 0, hashCode: 0 };
    }

    // Dictionary implementation

    var Dictionary = function (capacity, comparer) {
        if (capacity < 0) {
            throw new Error('out of range')
        }
        if (capacity > 0) {
            this._initialize(capacity);
        }
        
        this.comparer = comparer || defaultComparer;
        this.freeCount = 0;
        this.size = 0;
        this.freeList = -1;
    };

    Dictionary.prototype._initialize = function (capacity) {
        var prime = getPrime(capacity), i;
        this.buckets = new Array(prime);
        this.entries = new Array(prime);
        for (i = 0; i < prime; i++) {
            this.buckets[i] = -1;
            this.entries[i] = newEntry();
        }
        this.freeList = -1;
    };
    Dictionary.prototype.count = function () {
        return this.size;
    };
    Dictionary.prototype.add = function (key, value) {
        return this._insert(key, value, true);
    };
    Dictionary.prototype._insert = function (key, value, add) {
        if (!this.buckets) {
            this._initialize(0);
        }
        var index3;
        var num = getHashCode(key) & 2147483647;
        var index1 = num % this.buckets.length;
        for (var index2 = this.buckets[index1]; index2 >= 0; index2 = this.entries[index2].next) {
            if (this.entries[index2].hashCode === num && this.comparer(this.entries[index2].key, key)) {
                if (add) {
                    throw new Error(duplicatekey);
                }
                this.entries[index2].value = value;
                return;
            }
        }
        if (this.freeCount > 0) {
            index3 = this.freeList;
            this.freeList = this.entries[index3].next;
            --this.freeCount;
        } else {
            if (this.size === this.entries.length) {
                this._resize();
                index1 = num % this.buckets.length;
            }
            index3 = this.size;
            ++this.size;
        }
        this.entries[index3].hashCode = num;
        this.entries[index3].next = this.buckets[index1];
        this.entries[index3].key = key;
        this.entries[index3].value = value;
        this.buckets[index1] = index3;
    };

    Dictionary.prototype._resize = function () {
        var prime = getPrime(this.size * 2),
            numArray = new Array(prime);
        for (index = 0; index < numArray.length; ++index) {
            numArray[index] = -1;
        }
        var entryArray = new Array(prime);
        for (index = 0; index < this.size; ++index) {
            entryArray[index] = this.entries[index];
        }
        for (var index = this.size; index < prime; ++index) {
            entryArray[index] = newEntry();
        }
        for (var index1 = 0; index1 < this.size; ++index1) {
            var index2 = entryArray[index1].hashCode % prime;
            entryArray[index1].next = numArray[index2];
            numArray[index2] = index1;
        }
        this.buckets = numArray;
        this.entries = entryArray;
    };

    Dictionary.prototype.remove = function (key) {
        if (this.buckets) {
            var num = getHashCode(key) & 2147483647;
            var index1 = num % this.buckets.length;
            var index2 = -1;
            for (var index3 = this.buckets[index1]; index3 >= 0; index3 = this.entries[index3].next) {
                if (this.entries[index3].hashCode === num && this.comparer(this.entries[index3].key, key)) {
                    if (index2 < 0) {
                        this.buckets[index1] = this.entries[index3].next;
                    } else {
                        this.entries[index2].next = this.entries[index3].next;
                    }
                    this.entries[index3].hashCode = -1;
                    this.entries[index3].next = this.freeList;
                    this.entries[index3].key = null;
                    this.entries[index3].value = null;
                    this.freeList = index3;
                    ++this.freeCount;
                    return true;
                } else {
                    index2 = index3;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    };

    Dictionary.prototype.clear = function () {
        var index, len;
        if (this.size <= 0) {
            return;
        }
        for (index = 0, len = this.buckets.length; index < len; ++index) {
            this.buckets[index] = -1;
        }
        for (index = 0; index < this.size; ++index) {
            this.entries[index] = newEntry();
        }
        this.freeList = -1;
        this.size = 0;
    };

    Dictionary.prototype._findEntry = function (key) {
        if (this.buckets) {
            var num = getHashCode(key) & 2147483647;
            for (var index = this.buckets[num % this.buckets.length]; index >= 0; index = this.entries[index].next) {
                if (this.entries[index].hashCode === num && this.comparer(this.entries[index].key, key)) {
                    return index;
                }
            }
        }
        return -1;
    };

    Dictionary.prototype.count = function () {
        return this.size - this.freeCount;
    };

    Dictionary.prototype.tryGetValue = function (key) {
        var entry = this._findEntry(key);
        if (entry >= 0) {
            return this.entries[entry].value;
        }
        return undefined;
    };

    Dictionary.prototype.getValues = function () {
        var index = 0, results = [];
        if (this.entries) {
            for (var index1 = 0; index1 < this.size; index1++) {
                if (this.entries[index1].hashCode >= 0) {
                    results[index++] = this.entries[index1].value;
                }
            }
        }
        return results;
    };

    Dictionary.prototype.get = function (key) {
        var entry = this._findEntry(key);
        if (entry >= 0) {
            return this.entries[entry].value;
        }
        throw new Error(noSuchkey);
    };

    Dictionary.prototype.set = function (key, value) {
        this._insert(key, value, false);
    };

    Dictionary.prototype.containskey = function (key) {
        return this._findEntry(key) >= 0;
    };

    /**
     *  Correlates the elements of two sequences based on overlapping durations.
     *  
     *  @param {Observable} right The right observable sequence to join elements for.
     *  @param {Function} leftDurationSelector A function to select the duration (expressed as an observable sequence) of each element of the left observable sequence, used to determine overlap.
     *  @param {Function} rightDurationSelector A function to select the duration (expressed as an observable sequence) of each element of the right observable sequence, used to determine overlap.
     *  @param {Function} resultSelector A function invoked to compute a result element for any two overlapping elements of the left and right observable sequences. The parameters passed to the function correspond with the elements from the left and right source sequences for which overlap occurs.
     *  @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains result elements computed from source elements that have an overlapping duration.
     */    
    observableProto.join = function (right, leftDurationSelector, rightDurationSelector, resultSelector) {
        var left = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var group = new CompositeDisposable(),
            leftDone = false,
            leftId = 0,
            leftMap = new Dictionary(),
            rightDone = false,
            rightId = 0,
            rightMap = new Dictionary();
            group.add(left.subscribe(function (value) {
                var duration,
                expire,
                id = leftId++,
                md = new SingleAssignmentDisposable(),
                result,
                values;
                leftMap.add(id, value);
                group.add(md);
                expire = function () {
                    if (leftMap.remove(id) && leftMap.count() === 0 && leftDone) {
                        observer.onCompleted();
                    }
                    return group.remove(md);
                };
                try {
                    duration = leftDurationSelector(value);
                } catch (e) {
                    observer.onError(e);
                    return;
                }
                md.setDisposable(duration.take(1).subscribe(noop, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () { expire(); }));
                values = rightMap.getValues();
                for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
                    try {
                        result = resultSelector(value, values[i]);
                    } catch (exception) {
                        observer.onError(exception);
                        return;
                    }
                    observer.onNext(result);
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                leftDone = true;
                if (rightDone || leftMap.count() === 0) {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            }));
            group.add(right.subscribe(function (value) {
                var duration,
                expire,
                id = rightId++,
                md = new SingleAssignmentDisposable(),
                result,
                values;
                rightMap.add(id, value);
                group.add(md);
                expire = function () {
                    if (rightMap.remove(id) && rightMap.count() === 0 && rightDone) {
                        observer.onCompleted();
                    }
                    return group.remove(md);
                };
                try {
                    duration = rightDurationSelector(value);
                } catch (exception) {
                    observer.onError(exception);
                    return;
                }
                md.setDisposable(duration.take(1).subscribe(noop, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () { expire(); }));
                values = leftMap.getValues();
                for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
                    try {
                        result = resultSelector(values[i], value);
                    } catch (exception) {
                        observer.onError(exception);
                        return;
                    }
                    observer.onNext(result);
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                rightDone = true;
                if (leftDone || rightMap.count() === 0) {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            }));
            return group;
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Correlates the elements of two sequences based on overlapping durations, and groups the results.
     *  
     *  @param {Observable} right The right observable sequence to join elements for.
     *  @param {Function} leftDurationSelector A function to select the duration (expressed as an observable sequence) of each element of the left observable sequence, used to determine overlap.
     *  @param {Function} rightDurationSelector A function to select the duration (expressed as an observable sequence) of each element of the right observable sequence, used to determine overlap.
     *  @param {Function} resultSelector A function invoked to compute a result element for any element of the left sequence with overlapping elements from the right observable sequence. The first parameter passed to the function is an element of the left sequence. The second parameter passed to the function is an observable sequence with elements from the right sequence that overlap with the left sequence's element.
     *  @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains result elements computed from source elements that have an overlapping duration.
     */    
    observableProto.groupJoin = function (right, leftDurationSelector, rightDurationSelector, resultSelector) {
        var left = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var nothing = function () {};
            var group = new CompositeDisposable();
            var r = new RefCountDisposable(group);
            var leftMap = new Dictionary();
            var rightMap = new Dictionary();
            var leftID = 0;
            var rightID = 0;

            group.add(left.subscribe(
                function (value) {
                    var s = new Subject();
                    var id = leftID++;
                    leftMap.add(id, s);
                    var i, len, leftValues, rightValues;

                    var result;
                    try {
                        result = resultSelector(value, addRef(s, r));
                    } catch (e) {
                        leftValues = leftMap.getValues();
                        for (i = 0, len = leftValues.length; i < len; i++) {
                            leftValues[i].onError(e);
                        }
                        observer.onError(e);
                        return;
                    }
                    observer.onNext(result);

                    rightValues = rightMap.getValues();
                    for (i = 0, len = rightValues.length; i < len; i++) {
                        s.onNext(rightValues[i]);
                    }

                    var md = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
                    group.add(md);

                    var expire = function () {
                        if (leftMap.remove(id)) {
                            s.onCompleted();
                        }
                            
                        group.remove(md);
                    };

                    var duration;
                    try {
                        duration = leftDurationSelector(value);
                    } catch (e) {
                        leftValues = leftMap.getValues();
                        for (i = 0, len = leftMap.length; i < len; i++) {
                            leftValues[i].onError(e);
                        }
                        observer.onError(e);
                        return;
                    }

                    md.setDisposable(duration.take(1).subscribe(
                        nothing,
                        function (e) {
                            leftValues = leftMap.getValues();
                            for (i = 0, len = leftValues.length; i < len; i++) {
                                leftValues[i].onError(e);
                            }
                            observer.onError(e);
                        },
                        expire)
                    );
                },
                function (e) {
                    var leftValues = leftMap.getValues();
                    for (var i = 0, len = leftValues.length; i < len; i++) {
                        leftValues[i].onError(e);
                    }
                    observer.onError(e);
                },
                observer.onCompleted.bind(observer)));

            group.add(right.subscribe(
                function (value) {
                    var leftValues, i, len;
                    var id = rightID++;
                    rightMap.add(id, value);

                    var md = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
                    group.add(md);

                    var expire = function () {
                        rightMap.remove(id);
                        group.remove(md);
                    };

                    var duration;
                    try {
                        duration = rightDurationSelector(value);
                    } catch (e) {
                        leftValues = leftMap.getValues();
                        for (i = 0, len = leftMap.length; i < len; i++) {
                            leftValues[i].onError(e);
                        }
                        observer.onError(e);
                        return;
                    }
                    md.setDisposable(duration.take(1).subscribe(
                        nothing,
                        function (e) {
                            leftValues = leftMap.getValues();
                            for (i = 0, len = leftMap.length; i < len; i++) {
                                leftValues[i].onError(e);
                            }
                            observer.onError(e);
                        },
                        expire)
                    );

                    leftValues = leftMap.getValues();
                    for (i = 0, len = leftValues.length; i < len; i++) {
                        leftValues[i].onNext(value);
                    }
                },
                function (e) {
                    var leftValues = leftMap.getValues();
                    for (var i = 0, len = leftValues.length; i < len; i++) {
                        leftValues[i].onError(e);
                    }
                    observer.onError(e);
                }));

            return r;
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into zero or more buffers.
     *  
     *  @param {Mixed} bufferOpeningsOrClosingSelector Observable sequence whose elements denote the creation of new windows, or, a function invoked to define the boundaries of the produced windows (a new window is started when the previous one is closed, resulting in non-overlapping windows).
     *  @param {Function} [bufferClosingSelector] A function invoked to define the closing of each produced window. If a closing selector function is specified for the first parameter, this parameter is ignored.
     *  @returns {Observable} An observable sequence of windows.    
     */
    observableProto.buffer = function (bufferOpeningsOrClosingSelector, bufferClosingSelector) {
        return this.window.apply(this, arguments).selectMany(function (x) { return x.toArray(); });
    };

    /**
     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into zero or more windows.
     *  
     *  @param {Mixed} windowOpeningsOrClosingSelector Observable sequence whose elements denote the creation of new windows, or, a function invoked to define the boundaries of the produced windows (a new window is started when the previous one is closed, resulting in non-overlapping windows).
     *  @param {Function} [windowClosingSelector] A function invoked to define the closing of each produced window. If a closing selector function is specified for the first parameter, this parameter is ignored.
     *  @returns {Observable} An observable sequence of windows.
     */    
    observableProto.window = function (windowOpeningsOrClosingSelector, windowClosingSelector) {
        if (arguments.length === 1 && typeof arguments[0] !== 'function') {
            return observableWindowWithBounaries.call(this, windowOpeningsOrClosingSelector);
        }
        return typeof windowOpeningsOrClosingSelector === 'function' ?
            observableWindowWithClosingSelector.call(this, windowOpeningsOrClosingSelector) :
            observableWindowWithOpenings.call(this, windowOpeningsOrClosingSelector, windowClosingSelector);
    };
    
    function observableWindowWithOpenings(windowOpenings, windowClosingSelector) {
        return windowOpenings.groupJoin(this, windowClosingSelector, function () {
            return observableEmpty();
        }, function (_, window) {
            return window;
        });
    }

    function observableWindowWithBounaries(windowBoundaries) {
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var window = new Subject(), 
                d = new CompositeDisposable(), 
                r = new RefCountDisposable(d);

            observer.onNext(addRef(window, r));

            d.add(source.subscribe(function (x) {
                window.onNext(x);
            }, function (err) {
                window.onError(err);
                observer.onError(err);
            }, function () {
                window.onCompleted();
                observer.onCompleted();
            }));

            d.add(windowBoundaries.subscribe(function (w) {
                window.onCompleted();
                window = new Subject();
                observer.onNext(addRef(window, r));
            }, function (err) {
                window.onError(err);
                observer.onError(err);
            }, function () {
                window.onCompleted();
                observer.onCompleted();
            }));

            return r;
        });
    }

    function observableWindowWithClosingSelector(windowClosingSelector) {
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var createWindowClose,
                m = new SerialDisposable(),
                d = new CompositeDisposable(m),
                r = new RefCountDisposable(d),
                window = new Subject();
            observer.onNext(addRef(window, r));
            d.add(source.subscribe(function (x) {
                window.onNext(x);
            }, function (ex) {
                window.onError(ex);
                observer.onError(ex);
            }, function () {
                window.onCompleted();
                observer.onCompleted();
            }));
            createWindowClose = function () {
                var m1, windowClose;
                try {
                    windowClose = windowClosingSelector();
                } catch (exception) {
                    observer.onError(exception);
                    return;
                }
                m1 = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
                m.setDisposable(m1);
                m1.setDisposable(windowClose.take(1).subscribe(noop, function (ex) {
                    window.onError(ex);
                    observer.onError(ex);
                }, function () {
                    window.onCompleted();
                    window = new Subject();
                    observer.onNext(addRef(window, r));
                    createWindowClose();
                }));
            };
            createWindowClose();
            return r;
        });
    }

  /**
   * Returns a new observable that triggers on the second and subsequent triggerings of the input observable. 
   * The Nth triggering of the input observable passes the arguments from the N-1th and Nth triggering as a pair. 
   * The argument passed to the N-1th triggering is held in hidden internal state until the Nth triggering occurs.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable that triggers on successive pairs of observations from the input observable as an array.
   */
  observableProto.pairwise = function () {
    var source = this;
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var previous, hasPrevious = false;
      return source.subscribe(
        function (x) {
          if (hasPrevious) {
            observer.onNext([previous, x]);
          } else {
            hasPrevious = true;
          }
          previous = x;
        },
        observer.onError.bind(observer),
        observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
    });
  };
  /** 
   * Returns two observables which partition the observations of the source by the given function.
   * The first will trigger observations for those values for which the predicate returns true. 
   * The second will trigger observations for those values where the predicate returns false. 
   * The predicate is executed once for each subscribed observer. 
   * Both also propagate all error observations arising from the source and each completes 
   * when the source completes.
   * @param {Function} predicate 
   *    The function to determine which output Observable will trigger a particular observation.
   * @returns {Array}
   *    An array of observables. The first triggers when the predicate returns true, 
   *    and the second triggers when the predicate returns false.
  */
  observableProto.partition = function(predicate, thisArg) {
    var published = this.publish().refCount();
    return [ 
      published.filter(predicate, thisArg), 
      published.filter(function (x, i, o) { return !predicate.call(thisArg, x, i, o); })
    ];
  };

  function enumerableWhile(condition, source) {
    return new Enumerable(function () {
      return new Enumerator(function () {
        return condition() ?
          { done: false, value: source } :
          { done: true, value: undefined };  
      });
    });
  }

     /**
     *  Returns an observable sequence that is the result of invoking the selector on the source sequence, without sharing subscriptions.
     *  This operator allows for a fluent style of writing queries that use the same sequence multiple times.
     *
     * @param {Function} selector Selector function which can use the source sequence as many times as needed, without sharing subscriptions to the source sequence.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that contains the elements of a sequence produced by multicasting the source sequence within a selector function.
     */
    observableProto.letBind = observableProto['let'] = function (func) {
        return func(this);
    };

   /**
   *  Determines whether an observable collection contains values. There is an alias for this method called 'ifThen' for browsers <IE9
   *  
   * @example
   *  1 - res = Rx.Observable.if(condition, obs1);
   *  2 - res = Rx.Observable.if(condition, obs1, obs2);
   *  3 - res = Rx.Observable.if(condition, obs1, scheduler);
   * @param {Function} condition The condition which determines if the thenSource or elseSource will be run.
   * @param {Observable} thenSource The observable sequence or Promise that will be run if the condition function returns true.
   * @param {Observable} [elseSource] The observable sequence or Promise that will be run if the condition function returns false. If this is not provided, it defaults to Rx.Observabe.Empty with the specified scheduler.  
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence which is either the thenSource or elseSource.
   */
  Observable['if'] = Observable.ifThen = function (condition, thenSource, elseSourceOrScheduler) {
    return observableDefer(function () {
      elseSourceOrScheduler || (elseSourceOrScheduler = observableEmpty());

      isPromise(thenSource) && (thenSource = observableFromPromise(thenSource));
      isPromise(elseSourceOrScheduler) && (elseSourceOrScheduler = observableFromPromise(elseSourceOrScheduler));

      // Assume a scheduler for empty only
      typeof elseSourceOrScheduler.now === 'function' && (elseSourceOrScheduler = observableEmpty(elseSourceOrScheduler));
      return condition() ? thenSource : elseSourceOrScheduler;
    });
  };

   /**
   *  Concatenates the observable sequences obtained by running the specified result selector for each element in source.
   * There is an alias for this method called 'forIn' for browsers <IE9
   * @param {Array} sources An array of values to turn into an observable sequence.
   * @param {Function} resultSelector A function to apply to each item in the sources array to turn it into an observable sequence.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence from the concatenated observable sequences.  
   */ 
  Observable['for'] = Observable.forIn = function (sources, resultSelector) {
    return enumerableFor(sources, resultSelector).concat();
  };

   /**
   *  Repeats source as long as condition holds emulating a while loop.
   * There is an alias for this method called 'whileDo' for browsers <IE9
   *
   * @param {Function} condition The condition which determines if the source will be repeated.
   * @param {Observable} source The observable sequence that will be run if the condition function returns true.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence which is repeated as long as the condition holds.  
   */
  var observableWhileDo = Observable['while'] = Observable.whileDo = function (condition, source) {
    isPromise(source) && (source = observableFromPromise(source));
    return enumerableWhile(condition, source).concat();
  };

     /**
     *  Repeats source as long as condition holds emulating a do while loop.
     *
     * @param {Function} condition The condition which determines if the source will be repeated.
     * @param {Observable} source The observable sequence that will be run if the condition function returns true.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence which is repeated as long as the condition holds. 
     */ 
    observableProto.doWhile = function (condition) {
        return observableConcat([this, observableWhileDo(condition, this)]);
    };

   /**
   *  Uses selector to determine which source in sources to use.
   *  There is an alias 'switchCase' for browsers <IE9.
   *  
   * @example
   *  1 - res = Rx.Observable.case(selector, { '1': obs1, '2': obs2 });
   *  1 - res = Rx.Observable.case(selector, { '1': obs1, '2': obs2 }, obs0);
   *  1 - res = Rx.Observable.case(selector, { '1': obs1, '2': obs2 }, scheduler);
   * 
   * @param {Function} selector The function which extracts the value for to test in a case statement.
   * @param {Array} sources A object which has keys which correspond to the case statement labels.
   * @param {Observable} [elseSource] The observable sequence or Promise that will be run if the sources are not matched. If this is not provided, it defaults to Rx.Observabe.empty with the specified scheduler.
   *       
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence which is determined by a case statement.  
   */
  Observable['case'] = Observable.switchCase = function (selector, sources, defaultSourceOrScheduler) {
    return observableDefer(function () {
      defaultSourceOrScheduler || (defaultSourceOrScheduler = observableEmpty());

      typeof defaultSourceOrScheduler.now === 'function' && (defaultSourceOrScheduler = observableEmpty(defaultSourceOrScheduler));
      
      var result = sources[selector()];
      isPromise(result) && (result = observableFromPromise(result));
      
      return result || defaultSourceOrScheduler;
    });
  };

     /**
     *  Expands an observable sequence by recursively invoking selector.
     *  
     * @param {Function} selector Selector function to invoke for each produced element, resulting in another sequence to which the selector will be invoked recursively again.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler on which to perform the expansion. If not provided, this defaults to the current thread scheduler.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing all the elements produced by the recursive expansion.
     */
    observableProto.expand = function (selector, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = immediateScheduler);
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var q = [],
                m = new SerialDisposable(),
                d = new CompositeDisposable(m),
                activeCount = 0,
                isAcquired = false;

            var ensureActive = function () {
                var isOwner = false;
                if (q.length > 0) {
                    isOwner = !isAcquired;
                    isAcquired = true;
                }
                if (isOwner) {
                    m.setDisposable(scheduler.scheduleRecursive(function (self) {
                        var work;
                        if (q.length > 0) {
                            work = q.shift();
                        } else {
                            isAcquired = false;
                            return;
                        }
                        var m1 = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
                        d.add(m1);
                        m1.setDisposable(work.subscribe(function (x) {
                            observer.onNext(x);
                            var result = null;
                            try {
                                result = selector(x);
                            } catch (e) {
                                observer.onError(e);
                            }
                            q.push(result);
                            activeCount++;
                            ensureActive();
                        }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                            d.remove(m1);
                            activeCount--;
                            if (activeCount === 0) {
                                observer.onCompleted();
                            }
                        }));
                        self();
                    }));
                }
            };

            q.push(source);
            activeCount++;
            ensureActive();
            return d;
        });
    };

   /**
   *  Runs all observable sequences in parallel and collect their last elements.
   *  
   * @example
   *  1 - res = Rx.Observable.forkJoin([obs1, obs2]);
   *  1 - res = Rx.Observable.forkJoin(obs1, obs2, ...);  
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence with an array collecting the last elements of all the input sequences.
   */
  Observable.forkJoin = function () {
    var allSources = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (subscriber) {
      var count = allSources.length;
      if (count === 0) {
        subscriber.onCompleted();
        return disposableEmpty;
      }
      var group = new CompositeDisposable(),
        finished = false,
        hasResults = new Array(count),
        hasCompleted = new Array(count),
        results = new Array(count);

      for (var idx = 0; idx < count; idx++) {
        (function (i) {
          var source = allSources[i];
          isPromise(source) && (source = observableFromPromise(source));
          group.add(
            source.subscribe(
              function (value) {
              if (!finished) {
                hasResults[i] = true;
                results[i] = value;
              }
            }, 
            function (e) {
              finished = true;
              subscriber.onError(e);
              group.dispose();
            }, 
            function () {
              if (!finished) {
                if (!hasResults[i]) {
                    subscriber.onCompleted();
                    return;
                }
                hasCompleted[i] = true;
                for (var ix = 0; ix < count; ix++) {
                  if (!hasCompleted[ix]) { return; }
                }
                finished = true;
                subscriber.onNext(results);
                subscriber.onCompleted();
              }
            }));
        })(idx);
      }

      return group;
    });
  };

   /**
   *  Runs two observable sequences in parallel and combines their last elemenets.
   *
   * @param {Observable} second Second observable sequence.
   * @param {Function} resultSelector Result selector function to invoke with the last elements of both sequences.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence with the result of calling the selector function with the last elements of both input sequences.
   */
  observableProto.forkJoin = function (second, resultSelector) {
    var first = this;

    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var leftStopped = false, rightStopped = false,
        hasLeft = false, hasRight = false,
        lastLeft, lastRight,
        leftSubscription = new SingleAssignmentDisposable(), rightSubscription = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();

      isPromise(second) && (second = observableFromPromise(second));

      leftSubscription.setDisposable(
          first.subscribe(function (left) {
            hasLeft = true;
            lastLeft = left;
          }, function (err) {
            rightSubscription.dispose();
            observer.onError(err);
          }, function () {
            leftStopped = true;
            if (rightStopped) {
              if (!hasLeft) {
                  observer.onCompleted();
              } else if (!hasRight) {
                  observer.onCompleted();
              } else {
                var result;
                try {
                  result = resultSelector(lastLeft, lastRight);
                } catch (e) {
                  observer.onError(e);
                  return;
                }
                observer.onNext(result);
                observer.onCompleted();
              }
            }
          })
      );

      rightSubscription.setDisposable(
        second.subscribe(function (right) {
          hasRight = true;
          lastRight = right;
        }, function (err) {
          leftSubscription.dispose();
          observer.onError(err);
        }, function () {
          rightStopped = true;
          if (leftStopped) {
            if (!hasLeft) {
              observer.onCompleted();
            } else if (!hasRight) {
              observer.onCompleted();
            } else {
              var result;
              try {
                result = resultSelector(lastLeft, lastRight);
              } catch (e) {
                observer.onError(e);
                return;
              }
              observer.onNext(result);
              observer.onCompleted();
            }
          }
        })
      );

      return new CompositeDisposable(leftSubscription, rightSubscription);
    });
  };

    /**
     * Comonadic bind operator.
     * @param {Function} selector A transform function to apply to each element.
     * @param {Object} scheduler Scheduler used to execute the operation. If not specified, defaults to the ImmediateScheduler.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence which results from the comonadic bind operation.
     */
    observableProto.manySelect = function (selector, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = immediateScheduler);
        var source = this;
        return observableDefer(function () {
            var chain;

            return source
                .select(
                    function (x) {
                        var curr = new ChainObservable(x);
                        if (chain) {
                            chain.onNext(x);
                        }
                        chain = curr;

                        return curr;
                    })
                .doAction(
                    noop,
                    function (e) {
                        if (chain) {
                            chain.onError(e);
                        }
                    },
                    function () {
                        if (chain) {
                            chain.onCompleted();
                        }
                    })
                .observeOn(scheduler)
                .select(function (x, i, o) { return selector(x, i, o); });
        });
    };

    var ChainObservable = (function (_super) {

        function subscribe (observer) {
            var self = this, g = new CompositeDisposable();
            g.add(currentThreadScheduler.schedule(function () {
                observer.onNext(self.head);
                g.add(self.tail.mergeObservable().subscribe(observer));
            }));

            return g;
        }

        inherits(ChainObservable, _super);

        function ChainObservable(head) {
            _super.call(this, subscribe);
            this.head = head;
            this.tail = new AsyncSubject();
        }

        addProperties(ChainObservable.prototype, Observer, {
            onCompleted: function () {
                this.onNext(Observable.empty());
            },
            onError: function (e) {
                this.onNext(Observable.throwException(e));
            },
            onNext: function (v) {
                this.tail.onNext(v);
                this.tail.onCompleted();
            }
        });

        return ChainObservable;

    }(Observable));

    /** @private */
    var Map = (function () {

        /**
         * @constructor
         * @private
         */
        function Map() {
            this.keys = [];
            this.values = [];
        }

        /**
         * @private
         * @memberOf Map#
         */
        Map.prototype['delete'] = function (key) {
            var i = this.keys.indexOf(key);
            if (i !== -1) {
                this.keys.splice(i, 1);
                this.values.splice(i, 1);
            }
            return i !== -1;
        };

        /**
         * @private
         * @memberOf Map#
         */
        Map.prototype.get = function (key, fallback) {
            var i = this.keys.indexOf(key);
            return i !== -1 ? this.values[i] : fallback;
        };

        /**
         * @private
         * @memberOf Map#
         */
        Map.prototype.set = function (key, value) {
            var i = this.keys.indexOf(key);
            if (i !== -1) {
                this.values[i] = value;
            }
            this.values[this.keys.push(key) - 1] = value;
        };

        /**
         * @private
         * @memberOf Map#
         */
        Map.prototype.size = function () { return this.keys.length; };

        /**
         * @private
         * @memberOf Map#
         */        
        Map.prototype.has = function (key) {
            return this.keys.indexOf(key) !== -1;
        };

        /**
         * @private
         * @memberOf Map#
         */        
        Map.prototype.getKeys = function () { return this.keys.slice(0); };

        /**
         * @private
         * @memberOf Map#
         */        
        Map.prototype.getValues = function () { return this.values.slice(0); };

        return Map;
    }());

    /**
     * @constructor
     * Represents a join pattern over observable sequences.
     */
    function Pattern(patterns) {
        this.patterns = patterns;
    }

    /**
     *  Creates a pattern that matches the current plan matches and when the specified observable sequences has an available value.
     *  
     *  @param other Observable sequence to match in addition to the current pattern.
     *  @return Pattern object that matches when all observable sequences in the pattern have an available value.   
     */ 
    Pattern.prototype.and = function (other) {
        var patterns = this.patterns.slice(0);
        patterns.push(other);
        return new Pattern(patterns);
    };

    /**
     *  Matches when all observable sequences in the pattern (specified using a chain of and operators) have an available value and projects the values.
     *  
     *  @param selector Selector that will be invoked with available values from the source sequences, in the same order of the sequences in the pattern.
     *  @return Plan that produces the projected values, to be fed (with other plans) to the when operator.
     */
    Pattern.prototype.then = function (selector) {
        return new Plan(this, selector);
    };

    function Plan(expression, selector) {
        this.expression = expression;
        this.selector = selector;
    }
    
    Plan.prototype.activate = function (externalSubscriptions, observer, deactivate) {
        var self = this;
        var joinObservers = [];
        for (var i = 0, len = this.expression.patterns.length; i < len; i++) {
            joinObservers.push(planCreateObserver(externalSubscriptions, this.expression.patterns[i], observer.onError.bind(observer)));
        }
        var activePlan = new ActivePlan(joinObservers, function () {
            var result;
            try {
                result = self.selector.apply(self, arguments);
            } catch (exception) {
                observer.onError(exception);
                return;
            }
            observer.onNext(result);
        }, function () {
            for (var j = 0, jlen = joinObservers.length; j < jlen; j++) {
                joinObservers[j].removeActivePlan(activePlan);
            }
            deactivate(activePlan);
        });
        for (i = 0, len = joinObservers.length; i < len; i++) {
            joinObservers[i].addActivePlan(activePlan);
        }
        return activePlan;
    };

    function planCreateObserver(externalSubscriptions, observable, onError) {
        var entry = externalSubscriptions.get(observable);
        if (!entry) {
            var observer = new JoinObserver(observable, onError);
            externalSubscriptions.set(observable, observer);
            return observer;
        }
        return entry;
    }

    // Active Plan
    function ActivePlan(joinObserverArray, onNext, onCompleted) {
        var i, joinObserver;
        this.joinObserverArray = joinObserverArray;
        this.onNext = onNext;
        this.onCompleted = onCompleted;
        this.joinObservers = new Map();
        for (i = 0; i < this.joinObserverArray.length; i++) {
            joinObserver = this.joinObserverArray[i];
            this.joinObservers.set(joinObserver, joinObserver);
        }
    }

    ActivePlan.prototype.dequeue = function () {
        var values = this.joinObservers.getValues();
        for (var i = 0, len = values.length; i < len; i++) {
            values[i].queue.shift();
        }
    };
    ActivePlan.prototype.match = function () {
        var firstValues, i, len, isCompleted, values, hasValues = true;
        for (i = 0, len = this.joinObserverArray.length; i < len; i++) {
            if (this.joinObserverArray[i].queue.length === 0) {
                hasValues = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (hasValues) {
            firstValues = [];
            isCompleted = false;
            for (i = 0, len = this.joinObserverArray.length; i < len; i++) {
                firstValues.push(this.joinObserverArray[i].queue[0]);
                if (this.joinObserverArray[i].queue[0].kind === 'C') {
                    isCompleted = true;
                }
            }
            if (isCompleted) {
                this.onCompleted();
            } else {
                this.dequeue();
                values = [];
                for (i = 0; i < firstValues.length; i++) {
                    values.push(firstValues[i].value);
                }
                this.onNext.apply(this, values);
            }
        }
    };

    /** @private */
    var JoinObserver = (function (_super) {

        inherits(JoinObserver, _super);

        /**
         * @constructor
         * @private
         */
        function JoinObserver(source, onError) {
            _super.call(this);
            this.source = source;
            this.onError = onError;
            this.queue = [];
            this.activePlans = [];
            this.subscription = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
            this.isDisposed = false;
        }

        var JoinObserverPrototype = JoinObserver.prototype;

        /**
         * @memberOf JoinObserver#
         * @private
         */
        JoinObserverPrototype.next = function (notification) {
            if (!this.isDisposed) {
                if (notification.kind === 'E') {
                    this.onError(notification.exception);
                    return;
                }
                this.queue.push(notification);
                var activePlans = this.activePlans.slice(0);
                for (var i = 0, len = activePlans.length; i < len; i++) {
                    activePlans[i].match();
                }
            }
        };

        /**
         * @memberOf JoinObserver#
         * @private
         */        
        JoinObserverPrototype.error = noop;

        /**
         * @memberOf JoinObserver#
         * @private
         */        
        JoinObserverPrototype.completed = noop;

        /**
         * @memberOf JoinObserver#
         * @private
         */
        JoinObserverPrototype.addActivePlan = function (activePlan) {
            this.activePlans.push(activePlan);
        };

        /**
         * @memberOf JoinObserver#
         * @private
         */        
        JoinObserverPrototype.subscribe = function () {
            this.subscription.setDisposable(this.source.materialize().subscribe(this));
        };

        /**
         * @memberOf JoinObserver#
         * @private
         */        
        JoinObserverPrototype.removeActivePlan = function (activePlan) {
            var idx = this.activePlans.indexOf(activePlan);
            this.activePlans.splice(idx, 1);
            if (this.activePlans.length === 0) {
                this.dispose();
            }
        };

        /**
         * @memberOf JoinObserver#
         * @private
         */        
        JoinObserverPrototype.dispose = function () {
            _super.prototype.dispose.call(this);
            if (!this.isDisposed) {
                this.isDisposed = true;
                this.subscription.dispose();
            }
        };
        
        return JoinObserver;
    } (AbstractObserver));

    /**
     *  Creates a pattern that matches when both observable sequences have an available value.
     *  
     *  @param right Observable sequence to match with the current sequence.
     *  @return {Pattern} Pattern object that matches when both observable sequences have an available value.     
     */
    observableProto.and = function (right) {
        return new Pattern([this, right]);
    };

    /**
     *  Matches when the observable sequence has an available value and projects the value.
     *  
     *  @param selector Selector that will be invoked for values in the source sequence.
     *  @returns {Plan} Plan that produces the projected values, to be fed (with other plans) to the when operator. 
     */    
    observableProto.then = function (selector) {
        return new Pattern([this]).then(selector);
    };

    /**
     *  Joins together the results from several patterns.
     *  
     *  @param plans A series of plans (specified as an Array of as a series of arguments) created by use of the Then operator on patterns.
     *  @returns {Observable} Observable sequence with the results form matching several patterns. 
     */
    Observable.when = function () {
        var plans = argsOrArray(arguments, 0);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var activePlans = [],
                externalSubscriptions = new Map(),
                group,
                i, len,
                joinObserver,
                joinValues,
                outObserver;
            outObserver = observerCreate(observer.onNext.bind(observer), function (exception) {
                var values = externalSubscriptions.getValues();
                for (var j = 0, jlen = values.length; j < jlen; j++) {
                    values[j].onError(exception);
                }
                observer.onError(exception);
            }, observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));
            try {
                for (i = 0, len = plans.length; i < len; i++) {
                    activePlans.push(plans[i].activate(externalSubscriptions, outObserver, function (activePlan) {
                        var idx = activePlans.indexOf(activePlan);
                        activePlans.splice(idx, 1);
                        if (activePlans.length === 0) {
                            outObserver.onCompleted();
                        }
                    }));
                }
            } catch (e) {
                observableThrow(e).subscribe(observer);
            }
            group = new CompositeDisposable();
            joinValues = externalSubscriptions.getValues();
            for (i = 0, len = joinValues.length; i < len; i++) {
                joinObserver = joinValues[i];
                joinObserver.subscribe();
                group.add(joinObserver);
            }
            return group;
        });
    };

    function observableTimerDate(dueTime, scheduler) {
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return scheduler.scheduleWithAbsolute(dueTime, function () {
                observer.onNext(0);
                observer.onCompleted();
            });
        });
    }

    function observableTimerDateAndPeriod(dueTime, period, scheduler) {
        var p = normalizeTime(period);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var count = 0, d = dueTime;
            return scheduler.scheduleRecursiveWithAbsolute(d, function (self) {
                var now;
                if (p > 0) {
                    now = scheduler.now();
                    d = d + p;
                    if (d <= now) {
                        d = now + p;
                    }
                }
                observer.onNext(count++);
                self(d);
            });
        });
    }

    function observableTimerTimeSpan(dueTime, scheduler) {
        var d = normalizeTime(dueTime);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            return scheduler.scheduleWithRelative(d, function () {
                observer.onNext(0);
                observer.onCompleted();
            });
        });
    }

    function observableTimerTimeSpanAndPeriod(dueTime, period, scheduler) {
        if (dueTime === period) {
            return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
                return scheduler.schedulePeriodicWithState(0, period, function (count) {
                    observer.onNext(count);
                    return count + 1;
                });
            });
        }
        return observableDefer(function () {
            return observableTimerDateAndPeriod(scheduler.now() + dueTime, period, scheduler);
        });
    }

    /**
     *  Returns an observable sequence that produces a value after each period.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = Rx.Observable.interval(1000);
     *  2 - res = Rx.Observable.interval(1000, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     *      
     * @param {Number} period Period for producing the values in the resulting sequence (specified as an integer denoting milliseconds).
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler to run the timer on. If not specified, Rx.Scheduler.timeout is used.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that produces a value after each period.
     */
    var observableinterval = Observable.interval = function (period, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        return observableTimerTimeSpanAndPeriod(period, period, scheduler);
    };

    /**
     *  Returns an observable sequence that produces a value after dueTime has elapsed and then after each period.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = Rx.Observable.timer(new Date());
     *  2 - res = Rx.Observable.timer(new Date(), 1000);
     *  3 - res = Rx.Observable.timer(new Date(), Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     *  4 - res = Rx.Observable.timer(new Date(), 1000, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     *  
     *  5 - res = Rx.Observable.timer(5000);
     *  6 - res = Rx.Observable.timer(5000, 1000);
     *  7 - res = Rx.Observable.timer(5000, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     *  8 - res = Rx.Observable.timer(5000, 1000, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     *  
     * @param {Number} dueTime Absolute (specified as a Date object) or relative time (specified as an integer denoting milliseconds) at which to produce the first value.
     * @param {Mixed} [periodOrScheduler]  Period to produce subsequent values (specified as an integer denoting milliseconds), or the scheduler to run the timer on. If not specified, the resulting timer is not recurring.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler to run the timer on. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence that produces a value after due time has elapsed and then each period.
     */
    var observableTimer = Observable.timer = function (dueTime, periodOrScheduler, scheduler) {
        var period;
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        if (periodOrScheduler !== undefined && typeof periodOrScheduler === 'number') {
            period = periodOrScheduler;
        } else if (periodOrScheduler !== undefined && typeof periodOrScheduler === 'object') {
            scheduler = periodOrScheduler;
        }
        if (dueTime instanceof Date && period === undefined) {
            return observableTimerDate(dueTime.getTime(), scheduler);
        }
        if (dueTime instanceof Date && period !== undefined) {
            period = periodOrScheduler;
            return observableTimerDateAndPeriod(dueTime.getTime(), period, scheduler);
        }
        if (period === undefined) {
            return observableTimerTimeSpan(dueTime, scheduler);
        }
        return observableTimerTimeSpanAndPeriod(dueTime, period, scheduler);
    };

    function observableDelayTimeSpan(dueTime, scheduler) {
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var active = false,
                cancelable = new SerialDisposable(),
                exception = null,
                q = [],
                running = false,
                subscription;
            subscription = source.materialize().timestamp(scheduler).subscribe(function (notification) {
                var d, shouldRun;
                if (notification.value.kind === 'E') {
                    q = [];
                    q.push(notification);
                    exception = notification.value.exception;
                    shouldRun = !running;
                } else {
                    q.push({ value: notification.value, timestamp: notification.timestamp + dueTime });
                    shouldRun = !active;
                    active = true;
                }
                if (shouldRun) {
                    if (exception !== null) {
                        observer.onError(exception);
                    } else {
                        d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
                        cancelable.setDisposable(d);
                        d.setDisposable(scheduler.scheduleRecursiveWithRelative(dueTime, function (self) {
                            var e, recurseDueTime, result, shouldRecurse;
                            if (exception !== null) {
                                return;
                            }
                            running = true;
                            do {
                                result = null;
                                if (q.length > 0 && q[0].timestamp - scheduler.now() <= 0) {
                                    result = q.shift().value;
                                }
                                if (result !== null) {
                                    result.accept(observer);
                                }
                            } while (result !== null);
                            shouldRecurse = false;
                            recurseDueTime = 0;
                            if (q.length > 0) {
                                shouldRecurse = true;
                                recurseDueTime = Math.max(0, q[0].timestamp - scheduler.now());
                            } else {
                                active = false;
                            }
                            e = exception;
                            running = false;
                            if (e !== null) {
                                observer.onError(e);
                            } else if (shouldRecurse) {
                                self(recurseDueTime);
                            }
                        }));
                    }
                }
            });
            return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, cancelable);
        });
    }

    function observableDelayDate(dueTime, scheduler) {
        var self = this;
        return observableDefer(function () {
            var timeSpan = dueTime - scheduler.now();
            return observableDelayTimeSpan.call(self, timeSpan, scheduler);
        });
    }

    /**
     *  Time shifts the observable sequence by dueTime. The relative time intervals between the values are preserved.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = Rx.Observable.delay(new Date());
     *  2 - res = Rx.Observable.delay(new Date(), Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     *  
     *  3 - res = Rx.Observable.delay(5000);
     *  4 - res = Rx.Observable.delay(5000, 1000, Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     * @memberOf Observable#
     * @param {Number} dueTime Absolute (specified as a Date object) or relative time (specified as an integer denoting milliseconds) by which to shift the observable sequence.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler] Scheduler to run the delay timers on. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
     * @returns {Observable} Time-shifted sequence.
     */
    observableProto.delay = function (dueTime, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        return dueTime instanceof Date ?
            observableDelayDate.call(this, dueTime.getTime(), scheduler) :
            observableDelayTimeSpan.call(this, dueTime, scheduler);
    };

    /**
     *  Ignores values from an observable sequence which are followed by another value before dueTime.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = source.throttle(5000); // 5 seconds
     *  2 - res = source.throttle(5000, scheduler);        
     * 
     * @param {Number} dueTime Duration of the throttle period for each value (specified as an integer denoting milliseconds).
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler to run the throttle timers on. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
     * @returns {Observable} The throttled sequence.
     */
    observableProto.throttle = function (dueTime, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        var source = this;
        return this.throttleWithSelector(function () { return observableTimer(dueTime, scheduler); })
    };

    /**
     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into zero or more windows which are produced based on timing information.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = xs.windowWithTime(1000, scheduler); // non-overlapping segments of 1 second
     *  2 - res = xs.windowWithTime(1000, 500 , scheduler); // segments of 1 second with time shift 0.5 seconds
     *      
     * @param {Number} timeSpan Length of each window (specified as an integer denoting milliseconds).
     * @param {Mixed} [timeShiftOrScheduler]  Interval between creation of consecutive windows (specified as an integer denoting milliseconds), or an optional scheduler parameter. If not specified, the time shift corresponds to the timeSpan parameter, resulting in non-overlapping adjacent windows.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler to run windowing timers on. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence of windows.
     */
    observableProto.windowWithTime = function (timeSpan, timeShiftOrScheduler, scheduler) {
        var source = this, timeShift;
        if (timeShiftOrScheduler === undefined) {
            timeShift = timeSpan;
        }
        if (scheduler === undefined) {
            scheduler = timeoutScheduler;
        }
        if (typeof timeShiftOrScheduler === 'number') {
            timeShift = timeShiftOrScheduler;
        } else if (typeof timeShiftOrScheduler === 'object') {
            timeShift = timeSpan;
            scheduler = timeShiftOrScheduler;
        }
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var groupDisposable,
                nextShift = timeShift,
                nextSpan = timeSpan,
                q = [],
                refCountDisposable,
                timerD = new SerialDisposable(),
                totalTime = 0;
                groupDisposable = new CompositeDisposable(timerD),
                refCountDisposable = new RefCountDisposable(groupDisposable);

             function createTimer () {
                var m = new SingleAssignmentDisposable(),
                    isSpan = false,
                    isShift = false;
                timerD.setDisposable(m);
                if (nextSpan === nextShift) {
                    isSpan = true;
                    isShift = true;
                } else if (nextSpan < nextShift) {
                    isSpan = true;
                } else {
                    isShift = true;
                }
                var newTotalTime = isSpan ? nextSpan : nextShift,
                    ts = newTotalTime - totalTime;
                totalTime = newTotalTime;
                if (isSpan) {
                    nextSpan += timeShift;
                }
                if (isShift) {
                    nextShift += timeShift;
                }
                m.setDisposable(scheduler.scheduleWithRelative(ts, function () {
                    var s;
                    if (isShift) {
                        s = new Subject();
                        q.push(s);
                        observer.onNext(addRef(s, refCountDisposable));
                    }
                    if (isSpan) {
                        s = q.shift();
                        s.onCompleted();
                    }
                    createTimer();
                }));
            };
            q.push(new Subject());
            observer.onNext(addRef(q[0], refCountDisposable));
            createTimer();
            groupDisposable.add(source.subscribe(function (x) {
                var i, s;
                for (i = 0; i < q.length; i++) {
                    s = q[i];
                    s.onNext(x);
                }
            }, function (e) {
                var i, s;
                for (i = 0; i < q.length; i++) {
                    s = q[i];
                    s.onError(e);
                }
                observer.onError(e);
            }, function () {
                var i, s;
                for (i = 0; i < q.length; i++) {
                    s = q[i];
                    s.onCompleted();
                }
                observer.onCompleted();
            }));
            return refCountDisposable;
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into a window that is completed when either it's full or a given amount of time has elapsed.
     *  @example
     *  1 - res = source.windowWithTimeOrCount(5000, 50); // 5s or 50 items
     *  2 - res = source.windowWithTimeOrCount(5000, 50, scheduler); //5s or 50 items
     *      
     * @memberOf Observable#
     * @param {Number} timeSpan Maximum time length of a window.
     * @param {Number} count Maximum element count of a window.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler to run windowing timers on. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence of windows.
     */
    observableProto.windowWithTimeOrCount = function (timeSpan, count, scheduler) {
        var source = this;
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var createTimer,
                groupDisposable,
                n = 0,
                refCountDisposable,
                s,
                timerD = new SerialDisposable(),
                windowId = 0;
            groupDisposable = new CompositeDisposable(timerD);
            refCountDisposable = new RefCountDisposable(groupDisposable);
            createTimer = function (id) {
                var m = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
                timerD.setDisposable(m);
                m.setDisposable(scheduler.scheduleWithRelative(timeSpan, function () {
                    var newId;
                    if (id !== windowId) {
                        return;
                    }
                    n = 0;
                    newId = ++windowId;
                    s.onCompleted();
                    s = new Subject();
                    observer.onNext(addRef(s, refCountDisposable));
                    createTimer(newId);
                }));
            };
            s = new Subject();
            observer.onNext(addRef(s, refCountDisposable));
            createTimer(0);
            groupDisposable.add(source.subscribe(function (x) {
                var newId = 0, newWindow = false;
                s.onNext(x);
                n++;
                if (n === count) {
                    newWindow = true;
                    n = 0;
                    newId = ++windowId;
                    s.onCompleted();
                    s = new Subject();
                    observer.onNext(addRef(s, refCountDisposable));
                }
                if (newWindow) {
                    createTimer(newId);
                }
            }, function (e) {
                s.onError(e);
                observer.onError(e);
            }, function () {
                s.onCompleted();
                observer.onCompleted();
            }));
            return refCountDisposable;
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into zero or more buffers which are produced based on timing information.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = xs.bufferWithTime(1000, scheduler); // non-overlapping segments of 1 second
     *  2 - res = xs.bufferWithTime(1000, 500, scheduler; // segments of 1 second with time shift 0.5 seconds
     *      
     * @param {Number} timeSpan Length of each buffer (specified as an integer denoting milliseconds).
     * @param {Mixed} [timeShiftOrScheduler]  Interval between creation of consecutive buffers (specified as an integer denoting milliseconds), or an optional scheduler parameter. If not specified, the time shift corresponds to the timeSpan parameter, resulting in non-overlapping adjacent buffers.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler to run buffer timers on. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence of buffers.
     */
    observableProto.bufferWithTime = function (timeSpan, timeShiftOrScheduler, scheduler) {
        return this.windowWithTime.apply(this, arguments).selectMany(function (x) { return x.toArray(); });
    };

    /**
     *  Projects each element of an observable sequence into a buffer that is completed when either it's full or a given amount of time has elapsed.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = source.bufferWithTimeOrCount(5000, 50); // 5s or 50 items in an array 
     *  2 - res = source.bufferWithTimeOrCount(5000, 50, scheduler); // 5s or 50 items in an array
     *      
     * @param {Number} timeSpan Maximum time length of a buffer.
     * @param {Number} count Maximum element count of a buffer.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler to run bufferin timers on. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence of buffers.
     */
    observableProto.bufferWithTimeOrCount = function (timeSpan, count, scheduler) {
        return this.windowWithTimeOrCount(timeSpan, count, scheduler).selectMany(function (x) {
            return x.toArray();
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Records the time interval between consecutive values in an observable sequence.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = source.timeInterval();
     *  2 - res = source.timeInterval(Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     *      
     * @param [scheduler]  Scheduler used to compute time intervals. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence with time interval information on values.
     */
    observableProto.timeInterval = function (scheduler) {
        var source = this;
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        return observableDefer(function () {
            var last = scheduler.now();
            return source.select(function (x) {
                var now = scheduler.now(), span = now - last;
                last = now;
                return {
                    value: x,
                    interval: span
                };
            });
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Records the timestamp for each value in an observable sequence.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = source.timestamp(); // produces { value: x, timestamp: ts }
     *  2 - res = source.timestamp(Rx.Scheduler.timeout);
     *      
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler used to compute timestamps. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence with timestamp information on values.
     */
    observableProto.timestamp = function (scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        return this.select(function (x) {
            return {
                value: x,
                timestamp: scheduler.now()
            };
        });
    };

    function sampleObservable(source, sampler) {
        
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var atEnd, value, hasValue;

            function sampleSubscribe() {
                if (hasValue) {
                    hasValue = false;
                    observer.onNext(value);
                }
                if (atEnd) {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            }

            return new CompositeDisposable(
                source.subscribe(function (newValue) {
                    hasValue = true;
                    value = newValue;
                }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                    atEnd = true;
                }),
                sampler.subscribe(sampleSubscribe, observer.onError.bind(observer), sampleSubscribe)
            );
        });
    }

    /**
     *  Samples the observable sequence at each interval.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = source.sample(sampleObservable); // Sampler tick sequence
     *  2 - res = source.sample(5000); // 5 seconds
     *  2 - res = source.sample(5000, Rx.Scheduler.timeout); // 5 seconds
     *      
     * @param {Mixed} intervalOrSampler Interval at which to sample (specified as an integer denoting milliseconds) or Sampler Observable.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler to run the sampling timer on. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
     * @returns {Observable} Sampled observable sequence.
     */
    observableProto.sample = function (intervalOrSampler, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        if (typeof intervalOrSampler === 'number') {
            return sampleObservable(this, observableinterval(intervalOrSampler, scheduler));
        }
        return sampleObservable(this, intervalOrSampler);
    };

  /**
   *  Returns the source observable sequence or the other observable sequence if dueTime elapses.
   *  
   * @example
   *  1 - res = source.timeout(new Date()); // As a date
   *  2 - res = source.timeout(5000); // 5 seconds
   *  3 - res = source.timeout(new Date(), Rx.Observable.returnValue(42)); // As a date and timeout observable
   *  4 - res = source.timeout(5000, Rx.Observable.returnValue(42)); // 5 seconds and timeout observable
   *  5 - res = source.timeout(new Date(), Rx.Observable.returnValue(42), Rx.Scheduler.timeout); // As a date and timeout observable
   *  6 - res = source.timeout(5000, Rx.Observable.returnValue(42), Rx.Scheduler.timeout); // 5 seconds and timeout observable
   *      
   * @param {Number} dueTime Absolute (specified as a Date object) or relative time (specified as an integer denoting milliseconds) when a timeout occurs.
   * @param {Observable} [other]  Sequence to return in case of a timeout. If not specified, a timeout error throwing sequence will be used.
   * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler to run the timeout timers on. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
   * @returns {Observable} The source sequence switching to the other sequence in case of a timeout.
   */
  observableProto.timeout = function (dueTime, other, scheduler) {
    other || (other = observableThrow(new Error('Timeout')));
    scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
    
    var source = this, schedulerMethod = dueTime instanceof Date ?
      'scheduleWithAbsolute' :
      'scheduleWithRelative';

    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var id = 0,
        original = new SingleAssignmentDisposable(),
        subscription = new SerialDisposable(),
        switched = false,
        timer = new SerialDisposable();

      subscription.setDisposable(original);

      var createTimer = function () {
        var myId = id;
        timer.setDisposable(scheduler[schedulerMethod](dueTime, function () {
          if (id === myId) {
            isPromise(other) && (other = observableFromPromise(other));
            subscription.setDisposable(other.subscribe(observer));
          }
        }));
      };

      createTimer();
      
      original.setDisposable(source.subscribe(function (x) {
        if (!switched) {
          id++;
          observer.onNext(x);
          createTimer();
        }
      }, function (e) {
        if (!switched) {
          id++;
          observer.onError(e);
        }
      }, function () {
        if (!switched) {
          id++;
          observer.onCompleted();
        }
      }));
      return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, timer);
    });
  };

    /**
     *  Generates an observable sequence by iterating a state from an initial state until the condition fails.
     *  
     * @example
     *  res = source.generateWithAbsoluteTime(0, 
     *      function (x) { return return true; }, 
     *      function (x) { return x + 1; }, 
     *      function (x) { return x; }, 
     *      function (x) { return new Date(); }
     *  });
     *      
     * @param {Mixed} initialState Initial state.
     * @param {Function} condition Condition to terminate generation (upon returning false).
     * @param {Function} iterate Iteration step function.
     * @param {Function} resultSelector Selector function for results produced in the sequence.
     * @param {Function} timeSelector Time selector function to control the speed of values being produced each iteration, returning Date values.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler on which to run the generator loop. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
     * @returns {Observable} The generated sequence.
     */
    Observable.generateWithAbsoluteTime = function (initialState, condition, iterate, resultSelector, timeSelector, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var first = true,
                hasResult = false,
                result,
                state = initialState,
                time;
            return scheduler.scheduleRecursiveWithAbsolute(scheduler.now(), function (self) {
                if (hasResult) {
                    observer.onNext(result);
                }
                try {
                    if (first) {
                        first = false;
                    } else {
                        state = iterate(state);
                    }
                    hasResult = condition(state);
                    if (hasResult) {
                        result = resultSelector(state);
                        time = timeSelector(state);
                    }
                } catch (e) {
                    observer.onError(e);
                    return;
                }
                if (hasResult) {
                    self(time);
                } else {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            });
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Generates an observable sequence by iterating a state from an initial state until the condition fails.
     * 
     * @example 
     *  res = source.generateWithRelativeTime(0, 
     *      function (x) { return return true; }, 
     *      function (x) { return x + 1; }, 
     *      function (x) { return x; }, 
     *      function (x) { return 500; }
     *  );
     *      
     * @param {Mixed} initialState Initial state.
     * @param {Function} condition Condition to terminate generation (upon returning false).
     * @param {Function} iterate Iteration step function.
     * @param {Function} resultSelector Selector function for results produced in the sequence.
     * @param {Function} timeSelector Time selector function to control the speed of values being produced each iteration, returning integer values denoting milliseconds.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler on which to run the generator loop. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
     * @returns {Observable} The generated sequence.
     */
    Observable.generateWithRelativeTime = function (initialState, condition, iterate, resultSelector, timeSelector, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var first = true,
                hasResult = false,
                result,
                state = initialState,
                time;
            return scheduler.scheduleRecursiveWithRelative(0, function (self) {
                if (hasResult) {
                    observer.onNext(result);
                }
                try {
                    if (first) {
                        first = false;
                    } else {
                        state = iterate(state);
                    }
                    hasResult = condition(state);
                    if (hasResult) {
                        result = resultSelector(state);
                        time = timeSelector(state);
                    }
                } catch (e) {
                    observer.onError(e);
                    return;
                }
                if (hasResult) {
                    self(time);
                } else {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            });
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Time shifts the observable sequence by delaying the subscription.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = source.delaySubscription(5000); // 5s
     *  2 - res = source.delaySubscription(5000, Rx.Scheduler.timeout); // 5 seconds
     *      
     * @param {Number} dueTime Absolute or relative time to perform the subscription at.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler to run the subscription delay timer on. If not specified, the timeout scheduler is used.
     * @returns {Observable} Time-shifted sequence.
     */
    observableProto.delaySubscription = function (dueTime, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        return this.delayWithSelector(observableTimer(dueTime, scheduler), function () { return observableEmpty(); });
    };

    /**
     *  Time shifts the observable sequence based on a subscription delay and a delay selector function for each element.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = source.delayWithSelector(function (x) { return Rx.Scheduler.timer(5000); }); // with selector only
     *  1 - res = source.delayWithSelector(Rx.Observable.timer(2000), function (x) { return Rx.Observable.timer(x); }); // with delay and selector
     *
     * @param {Observable} [subscriptionDelay]  Sequence indicating the delay for the subscription to the source. 
     * @param {Function} delayDurationSelector Selector function to retrieve a sequence indicating the delay for each given element.
     * @returns {Observable} Time-shifted sequence.
     */
    observableProto.delayWithSelector = function (subscriptionDelay, delayDurationSelector) {
        var source = this, subDelay, selector;
        if (typeof subscriptionDelay === 'function') {
            selector = subscriptionDelay;
        } else {
            subDelay = subscriptionDelay;
            selector = delayDurationSelector;
        }
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var delays = new CompositeDisposable(), atEnd = false, done = function () {
                if (atEnd && delays.length === 0) {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            }, subscription = new SerialDisposable(), start = function () {
                subscription.setDisposable(source.subscribe(function (x) {
                    var delay;
                    try {
                        delay = selector(x);
                    } catch (error) {
                        observer.onError(error);
                        return;
                    }
                    var d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
                    delays.add(d);
                    d.setDisposable(delay.subscribe(function () {
                        observer.onNext(x);
                        delays.remove(d);
                        done();
                    }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                        observer.onNext(x);
                        delays.remove(d);
                        done();
                    }));
                }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                    atEnd = true;
                    subscription.dispose();
                    done();
                }));
            };

            if (!subDelay) {
                start();
            } else {
                subscription.setDisposable(subDelay.subscribe(function () {
                    start();
                }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () { start(); }));
            }

            return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, delays);
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Returns the source observable sequence, switching to the other observable sequence if a timeout is signaled.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = source.timeoutWithSelector(Rx.Observable.timer(500)); 
     *  2 - res = source.timeoutWithSelector(Rx.Observable.timer(500), function (x) { return Rx.Observable.timer(200); });
     *  3 - res = source.timeoutWithSelector(Rx.Observable.timer(500), function (x) { return Rx.Observable.timer(200); }, Rx.Observable.returnValue(42));
     *      
     * @param {Observable} [firstTimeout]  Observable sequence that represents the timeout for the first element. If not provided, this defaults to Observable.never().
     * @param {Function} [timeoutDurationSelector] Selector to retrieve an observable sequence that represents the timeout between the current element and the next element.
     * @param {Observable} [other]  Sequence to return in case of a timeout. If not provided, this is set to Observable.throwException(). 
     * @returns {Observable} The source sequence switching to the other sequence in case of a timeout.
     */
    observableProto.timeoutWithSelector = function (firstTimeout, timeoutdurationSelector, other) {
        if (arguments.length === 1) {
            timeoutdurationSelector = firstTimeout;
            var firstTimeout = observableNever();
        }
        other || (other = observableThrow(new Error('Timeout')));
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var subscription = new SerialDisposable(), timer = new SerialDisposable(), original = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();

            subscription.setDisposable(original);

            var id = 0, switched = false, setTimer = function (timeout) {
                var myId = id, timerWins = function () {
                    return id === myId;
                };
                var d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
                timer.setDisposable(d);
                d.setDisposable(timeout.subscribe(function () {
                    if (timerWins()) {
                        subscription.setDisposable(other.subscribe(observer));
                    }
                    d.dispose();
                }, function (e) {
                    if (timerWins()) {
                        observer.onError(e);
                    }
                }, function () {
                    if (timerWins()) {
                        subscription.setDisposable(other.subscribe(observer));
                    }
                }));
            };

            setTimer(firstTimeout);
            var observerWins = function () {
                var res = !switched;
                if (res) {
                    id++;
                }
                return res;
            };

            original.setDisposable(source.subscribe(function (x) {
                if (observerWins()) {
                    observer.onNext(x);
                    var timeout;
                    try {
                        timeout = timeoutdurationSelector(x);
                    } catch (e) {
                        observer.onError(e);
                        return;
                    }
                    setTimer(timeout);
                }
            }, function (e) {
                if (observerWins()) {
                    observer.onError(e);
                }
            }, function () {
                if (observerWins()) {
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            }));
            return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, timer);
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Ignores values from an observable sequence which are followed by another value within a computed throttle duration.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = source.delayWithSelector(function (x) { return Rx.Scheduler.timer(x + x); }); 
     * 
     * @param {Function} throttleDurationSelector Selector function to retrieve a sequence indicating the throttle duration for each given element.
     * @returns {Observable} The throttled sequence.
     */
    observableProto.throttleWithSelector = function (throttleDurationSelector) {
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var value, hasValue = false, cancelable = new SerialDisposable(), id = 0, subscription = source.subscribe(function (x) {
                var throttle;
                try {
                    throttle = throttleDurationSelector(x);
                } catch (e) {
                    observer.onError(e);
                    return;
                }
                hasValue = true;
                value = x;
                id++;
                var currentid = id, d = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
                cancelable.setDisposable(d);
                d.setDisposable(throttle.subscribe(function () {
                    if (hasValue && id === currentid) {
                        observer.onNext(value);
                    }
                    hasValue = false;
                    d.dispose();
                }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                    if (hasValue && id === currentid) {
                        observer.onNext(value);
                    }
                    hasValue = false;
                    d.dispose();
                }));
            }, function (e) {
                cancelable.dispose();
                observer.onError(e);
                hasValue = false;
                id++;
            }, function () {
                cancelable.dispose();
                if (hasValue) {
                    observer.onNext(value);
                }
                observer.onCompleted();
                hasValue = false;
                id++;
            });
            return new CompositeDisposable(subscription, cancelable);
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Skips elements for the specified duration from the end of the observable source sequence, using the specified scheduler to run timers.
     *  
     *  1 - res = source.skipLastWithTime(5000);     
     *  2 - res = source.skipLastWithTime(5000, scheduler); 
     *      
     * @description
     *  This operator accumulates a queue with a length enough to store elements received during the initial duration window.
     *  As more elements are received, elements older than the specified duration are taken from the queue and produced on the
     *  result sequence. This causes elements to be delayed with duration.          
     * @param {Number} duration Duration for skipping elements from the end of the sequence.
     * @param {Scheduler} [scheduler]  Scheduler to run the timer on. If not specified, defaults to Rx.Scheduler.timeout
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence with the elements skipped during the specified duration from the end of the source sequence.
     */
    observableProto.skipLastWithTime = function (duration, scheduler) {
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        var source = this;
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var q = [];
            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                var now = scheduler.now();
                q.push({ interval: now, value: x });
                while (q.length > 0 && now - q[0].interval >= duration) {
                    observer.onNext(q.shift().value);
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                var now = scheduler.now();
                while (q.length > 0 && now - q[0].interval >= duration) {
                    observer.onNext(q.shift().value);
                }
                observer.onCompleted();
            });
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Returns elements within the specified duration from the end of the observable source sequence, using the specified schedulers to run timers and to drain the collected elements.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = source.takeLastWithTime(5000, [optional timer scheduler], [optional loop scheduler]); 
     * @description
     *  This operator accumulates a queue with a length enough to store elements received during the initial duration window.
     *  As more elements are received, elements older than the specified duration are taken from the queue and produced on the
     *  result sequence. This causes elements to be delayed with duration.    
     * @param {Number} duration Duration for taking elements from the end of the sequence.
     * @param {Scheduler} [timerScheduler]  Scheduler to run the timer on. If not specified, defaults to Rx.Scheduler.timeout.
     * @param {Scheduler} [loopScheduler]  Scheduler to drain the collected elements. If not specified, defaults to Rx.Scheduler.immediate.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence with the elements taken during the specified duration from the end of the source sequence.
     */
    observableProto.takeLastWithTime = function (duration, timerScheduler, loopScheduler) {
        return this.takeLastBufferWithTime(duration, timerScheduler).selectMany(function (xs) { return observableFromArray(xs, loopScheduler); });
    };

    /**
     *  Returns an array with the elements within the specified duration from the end of the observable source sequence, using the specified scheduler to run timers.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = source.takeLastBufferWithTime(5000, [optional scheduler]); 
     * @description
     *  This operator accumulates a queue with a length enough to store elements received during the initial duration window.
     *  As more elements are received, elements older than the specified duration are taken from the queue and produced on the
     *  result sequence. This causes elements to be delayed with duration.   
     * @param {Number} duration Duration for taking elements from the end of the sequence.
     * @param {Scheduler} scheduler Scheduler to run the timer on. If not specified, defaults to Rx.Scheduler.timeout.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence containing a single array with the elements taken during the specified duration from the end of the source sequence.
     */
    observableProto.takeLastBufferWithTime = function (duration, scheduler) {
        var source = this;
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var q = [];

            return source.subscribe(function (x) {
                var now = scheduler.now();
                q.push({ interval: now, value: x });
                while (q.length > 0 && now - q[0].interval >= duration) {
                    q.shift();
                }
            }, observer.onError.bind(observer), function () {
                var now = scheduler.now(), res = [];
                while (q.length > 0) {
                    var next = q.shift();
                    if (now - next.interval <= duration) {
                        res.push(next.value);
                    }
                }

                observer.onNext(res);
                observer.onCompleted();
            });
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Takes elements for the specified duration from the start of the observable source sequence, using the specified scheduler to run timers.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = source.takeWithTime(5000,  [optional scheduler]); 
     * @description
     *  This operator accumulates a queue with a length enough to store elements received during the initial duration window.
     *  As more elements are received, elements older than the specified duration are taken from the queue and produced on the
     *  result sequence. This causes elements to be delayed with duration.    
     * @param {Number} duration Duration for taking elements from the start of the sequence.
     * @param {Scheduler} scheduler Scheduler to run the timer on. If not specified, defaults to Rx.Scheduler.timeout.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence with the elements taken during the specified duration from the start of the source sequence.
     */
    observableProto.takeWithTime = function (duration, scheduler) {
        var source = this;
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var t = scheduler.scheduleWithRelative(duration, function () {
                observer.onCompleted();
            });

            return new CompositeDisposable(t, source.subscribe(observer));
        });
    };

    /**
     *  Skips elements for the specified duration from the start of the observable source sequence, using the specified scheduler to run timers.
     *  
     * @example
     *  1 - res = source.skipWithTime(5000, [optional scheduler]); 
     *  
     * @description     
     *  Specifying a zero value for duration doesn't guarantee no elements will be dropped from the start of the source sequence.
     *  This is a side-effect of the asynchrony introduced by the scheduler, where the action that causes callbacks from the source sequence to be forwarded
     *  may not execute immediately, despite the zero due time.
     *  
     *  Errors produced by the source sequence are always forwarded to the result sequence, even if the error occurs before the duration.      
     * @param {Number} duration Duration for skipping elements from the start of the sequence.
     * @param {Scheduler} scheduler Scheduler to run the timer on. If not specified, defaults to Rx.Scheduler.timeout.
     * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence with the elements skipped during the specified duration from the start of the source sequence.
     */
    observableProto.skipWithTime = function (duration, scheduler) {
        var source = this;
        scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
        return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
            var open = false,
                t = scheduler.scheduleWithRelative(duration, function () { open = true; }),
                d = source.subscribe(function (x) {
                    if (open) {
                        observer.onNext(x);
                    }
                }, observer.onError.bind(observer), observer.onCompleted.bind(observer));

            return new CompositeDisposable(t, d);
        });
    };

  /**
   *  Skips elements from the observable source sequence until the specified start time, using the specified scheduler to run timers.
   *  Errors produced by the source sequence are always forwarded to the result sequence, even if the error occurs before the start time.
   *  
   * @examples
   *  1 - res = source.skipUntilWithTime(new Date(), [optional scheduler]);   
   *  2 - res = source.skipUntilWithTime(5000, [optional scheduler]);           
   * @param startTime Time to start taking elements from the source sequence. If this value is less than or equal to Date(), no elements will be skipped.
   * @param scheduler Scheduler to run the timer on. If not specified, defaults to Rx.Scheduler.timeout.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence with the elements skipped until the specified start time. 
   */
  observableProto.skipUntilWithTime = function (startTime, scheduler) {
    scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
    var source = this, schedulerMethod = startTime instanceof Date ?
      'scheduleWithAbsolute' :
      'scheduleWithRelative';
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      var open = false;

      return new CompositeDisposable(
        scheduler[schedulerMethod](startTime, function () { open = true; }),
        source.subscribe(
          function (x) { open && observer.onNext(x); }, 
          observer.onError.bind(observer),
          observer.onCompleted.bind(observer)));
    });
  };

  /**
   *  Takes elements for the specified duration until the specified end time, using the specified scheduler to run timers.
   *  
   * @example
   *  1 - res = source.takeUntilWithTime(new Date(), [optional scheduler]);
   *  2 - res = source.takeUntilWithTime(5000, [optional scheduler]);   
   * @param {Number | Date} endTime Time to stop taking elements from the source sequence. If this value is less than or equal to new Date(), the result stream will complete immediately.
   * @param {Scheduler} scheduler Scheduler to run the timer on.
   * @returns {Observable} An observable sequence with the elements taken until the specified end time.
   */
  observableProto.takeUntilWithTime = function (endTime, scheduler) {
    scheduler || (scheduler = timeoutScheduler);
    var source = this, schedulerMethod = endTime instanceof Date ?
      'scheduleWithAbsolute' :
      'scheduleWithRelative';
    return new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
      return new CompositeDisposable(scheduler[schedulerMethod](endTime, function () {
        observer.onCompleted();
      }),  source.subscribe(observer));
    });
  };

    /** Provides a set of extension methods for virtual time scheduling. */
    Rx.VirtualTimeScheduler = (function (_super) {

        function notImplemented() {
            throw new Error('Not implemented');
        }

        function localNow() {
            return this.toDateTimeOffset(this.clock);
        }

        function scheduleNow(state, action) {
            return this.scheduleAbsoluteWithState(state, this.clock, action);
        }

        function scheduleRelative(state, dueTime, action) {
            return this.scheduleRelativeWithState(state, this.toRelative(dueTime), action);
        }

        function scheduleAbsolute(state, dueTime, action) {
            return this.scheduleRelativeWithState(state, this.toRelative(dueTime - this.now()), action);
        }

        function invokeAction(scheduler, action) {
            action();
            return disposableEmpty;
        }

        inherits(VirtualTimeScheduler, _super);

        /**
         * Creates a new virtual time scheduler with the specified initial clock value and absolute time comparer.
         *
         * @constructor
         * @param {Number} initialClock Initial value for the clock.
         * @param {Function} comparer Comparer to determine causality of events based on absolute time.
         */
        function VirtualTimeScheduler(initialClock, comparer) {
            this.clock = initialClock;
            this.comparer = comparer;
            this.isEnabled = false;
            this.queue = new PriorityQueue(1024);
            _super.call(this, localNow, scheduleNow, scheduleRelative, scheduleAbsolute);
        }

        var VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype = VirtualTimeScheduler.prototype;

        /**
         * Adds a relative time value to an absolute time value.
         * @param {Number} absolute Absolute virtual time value.
         * @param {Number} relative Relative virtual time value to add.
         * @return {Number} Resulting absolute virtual time sum value.
         */
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.add = notImplemented;

        /**
         * Converts an absolute time to a number 
         * @param {Any} The absolute time.
         * @returns {Number} The absolute time in ms
         */
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.toDateTimeOffset = notImplemented;

        /**
         * Converts the TimeSpan value to a relative virtual time value.       
         * @param {Number} timeSpan TimeSpan value to convert.
         * @return {Number} Corresponding relative virtual time value.
         */
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.toRelative = notImplemented;

        /**
         * Schedules a periodic piece of work by dynamically discovering the scheduler's capabilities. The periodic task will be emulated using recursive scheduling.       
         * @param {Mixed} state Initial state passed to the action upon the first iteration.
         * @param {Number} period Period for running the work periodically.
         * @param {Function} action Action to be executed, potentially updating the state.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled recurring action (best effort).
         */      
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.schedulePeriodicWithState = function (state, period, action) {
            var s = new SchedulePeriodicRecursive(this, state, period, action);
            return s.start();
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed after dueTime.
         * @param {Mixed} state State passed to the action to be executed.
         * @param {Number} dueTime Relative time after which to execute the action.
         * @param {Function} action Action to be executed.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */            
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.scheduleRelativeWithState = function (state, dueTime, action) {
            var runAt = this.add(this.clock, dueTime);
            return this.scheduleAbsoluteWithState(state, runAt, action);
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed at dueTime.      
         * @param {Number} dueTime Relative time after which to execute the action.
         * @param {Function} action Action to be executed.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */          
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.scheduleRelative = function (dueTime, action) {
            return this.scheduleRelativeWithState(action, dueTime, invokeAction);
        };    

        /** 
         * Starts the virtual time scheduler. 
         */
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.start = function () {
            var next;
            if (!this.isEnabled) {
                this.isEnabled = true;
                do {
                    next = this.getNext();
                    if (next !== null) {
                        if (this.comparer(next.dueTime, this.clock) > 0) {
                            this.clock = next.dueTime;
                        }
                        next.invoke();
                    } else {
                        this.isEnabled = false;
                    }
                } while (this.isEnabled);
            }
        };

        /** 
         * Stops the virtual time scheduler.  
         */
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.stop = function () {
            this.isEnabled = false;
        };

        /**
         * Advances the scheduler's clock to the specified time, running all work till that point.
         * @param {Number} time Absolute time to advance the scheduler's clock to.
         */
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.advanceTo = function (time) {
            var next;
            var dueToClock = this.comparer(this.clock, time);
            if (this.comparer(this.clock, time) > 0) {
                throw new Error(argumentOutOfRange);
            }
            if (dueToClock === 0) {
                return;
            }
            if (!this.isEnabled) {
                this.isEnabled = true;
                do {
                    next = this.getNext();
                    if (next !== null && this.comparer(next.dueTime, time) <= 0) {
                        if (this.comparer(next.dueTime, this.clock) > 0) {
                            this.clock = next.dueTime;
                        }
                        next.invoke();
                    } else {
                        this.isEnabled = false;
                    }
                } while (this.isEnabled);
                this.clock = time;
            }
        };

        /**
         * Advances the scheduler's clock by the specified relative time, running all work scheduled for that timespan.
         * @param {Number} time Relative time to advance the scheduler's clock by.
         */
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.advanceBy = function (time) {
            var dt = this.add(this.clock, time);
            var dueToClock = this.comparer(this.clock, dt);
            if (dueToClock > 0) {
                throw new Error(argumentOutOfRange);
            }
            if (dueToClock === 0) {
                return;
            }
            this.advanceTo(dt);
        };        

        /**
         * Advances the scheduler's clock by the specified relative time.      
         * @param {Number} time Relative time to advance the scheduler's clock by.
         */
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.sleep = function (time) {
            var dt = this.add(this.clock, time);

            if (this.comparer(this.clock, dt) >= 0) {
                throw new Error(argumentOutOfRange);
            }

            this.clock = dt;
        };

        /**
         * Gets the next scheduled item to be executed.          
         * @returns {ScheduledItem} The next scheduled item.
         */          
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.getNext = function () {
            var next;
            while (this.queue.length > 0) {
                next = this.queue.peek();
                if (next.isCancelled()) {
                    this.queue.dequeue();
                } else {
                    return next;
                }
            }
            return null;
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed at dueTime.       
         * @param {Scheduler} scheduler Scheduler to execute the action on.
         * @param {Number} dueTime Absolute time at which to execute the action.
         * @param {Function} action Action to be executed.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */           
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.scheduleAbsolute = function (dueTime, action) {
            return this.scheduleAbsoluteWithState(action, dueTime, invokeAction);
        };

        /**
         * Schedules an action to be executed at dueTime.
         * @param {Mixed} state State passed to the action to be executed.
         * @param {Number} dueTime Absolute time at which to execute the action.
         * @param {Function} action Action to be executed.
         * @returns {Disposable} The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
         */
        VirtualTimeSchedulerPrototype.scheduleAbsoluteWithState = function (state, dueTime, action) {
            var self = this,
                run = function (scheduler, state1) {
                    self.queue.remove(si);
                    return action(scheduler, state1);
                },
                si = new ScheduledItem(self, state, run, dueTime, self.comparer);
            self.queue.enqueue(si);
            return si.disposable;
        };

        return VirtualTimeScheduler;
    }(Scheduler));

    /** Provides a virtual time scheduler that uses Date for absolute time and number for relative time. */
    Rx.HistoricalScheduler = (function (_super) {
        inherits(HistoricalScheduler, _super);

        /**
         * Creates a new historical scheduler with the specified initial clock value.
         * 
         * @constructor
         * @param {Number} initialClock Initial value for the clock.
         * @param {Function} comparer Comparer to determine causality of events based on absolute time.
         */
        function HistoricalScheduler(initialClock, comparer) {
            var clock = initialClock == null ? 0 : initialClock;
            var cmp = comparer || defaultSubComparer;
            _super.call(this, clock, cmp);
        }

        var HistoricalSchedulerProto = HistoricalScheduler.prototype;

        /**
         * Adds a relative time value to an absolute time value.
         * @param {Number} absolute Absolute virtual time value.
         * @param {Number} relative Relative virtual time value to add.
         * @return {Number} Resulting absolute virtual time sum value.
         */
        HistoricalSchedulerProto.add = function (absolute, relative) {
            return absolute + relative;
        };

        /**
         * @private
         */
        HistoricalSchedulerProto.toDateTimeOffset = function (absolute) {
            return new Date(absolute).getTime();
        };

        /**
         * Converts the TimeSpan value to a relative virtual time value.
         * 
         * @memberOf HistoricalScheduler         
         * @param {Number} timeSpan TimeSpan value to convert.
         * @return {Number} Corresponding relative virtual time value.
         */
        HistoricalSchedulerProto.toRelative = function (timeSpan) {
            return timeSpan;
        };

        return HistoricalScheduler;    
    }(Rx.VirtualTimeScheduler));
  var AnonymousObservable = Rx.AnonymousObservable = (function (__super__) {
    inherits(AnonymousObservable, __super__);

    // Fix subscriber to check for undefined or function returned to decorate as Disposable
    function fixSubscriber(subscriber) {
      if (typeof subscriber === 'undefined') {
        subscriber = disposableEmpty;
      } else if (typeof subscriber === 'function') {
        subscriber = disposableCreate(subscriber);
      }

      return subscriber;
    }

    function AnonymousObservable(subscribe) {
      if (!(this instanceof AnonymousObservable)) {
        return new AnonymousObservable(subscribe);
      }

      function s(observer) {
        var autoDetachObserver = new AutoDetachObserver(observer);
        if (currentThreadScheduler.scheduleRequired()) {
          currentThreadScheduler.schedule(function () {
            try {
              autoDetachObserver.setDisposable(fixSubscriber(subscribe(autoDetachObserver)));
            } catch (e) {
              if (!autoDetachObserver.fail(e)) {
                throw e;
              } 
            }
          });
        } else {
          try {
            autoDetachObserver.setDisposable(fixSubscriber(subscribe(autoDetachObserver)));
          } catch (e) {
            if (!autoDetachObserver.fail(e)) {
              throw e;
            }
          }
        }

        return autoDetachObserver;
      }

      __super__.call(this, s);
    }

    return AnonymousObservable;

  }(Observable));

    /** @private */
    var AutoDetachObserver = (function (_super) {
        inherits(AutoDetachObserver, _super);

        function AutoDetachObserver(observer) {
            _super.call(this);
            this.observer = observer;
            this.m = new SingleAssignmentDisposable();
        }

        var AutoDetachObserverPrototype = AutoDetachObserver.prototype;

        AutoDetachObserverPrototype.next = function (value) {
            var noError = false;
            try {
                this.observer.onNext(value);
                noError = true;
            } catch (e) { 
                throw e;                
            } finally {
                if (!noError) {
                    this.dispose();
                }
            }
        };

        AutoDetachObserverPrototype.error = function (exn) {
            try {
                this.observer.onError(exn);
            } catch (e) { 
                throw e;                
            } finally {
                this.dispose();
            }
        };

        AutoDetachObserverPrototype.completed = function () {
            try {
                this.observer.onCompleted();
            } catch (e) { 
                throw e;                
            } finally {
                this.dispose();
            }
        };

        AutoDetachObserverPrototype.setDisposable = function (value) { this.m.setDisposable(value); };
        AutoDetachObserverPrototype.getDisposable = function (value) { return this.m.getDisposable(); };
        /* @private */
        AutoDetachObserverPrototype.disposable = function (value) {
            return arguments.length ? this.getDisposable() : setDisposable(value);
        };

        AutoDetachObserverPrototype.dispose = function () {
            _super.prototype.dispose.call(this);
            this.m.dispose();
        };

        return AutoDetachObserver;
    }(AbstractObserver));

    /** @private */
    var GroupedObservable = (function (_super) {
        inherits(GroupedObservable, _super);

        function subscribe(observer) {
            return this.underlyingObservable.subscribe(observer);
        }

        /** 
         * @constructor
         * @private
         */
        function GroupedObservable(key, underlyingObservable, mergedDisposable) {
            _super.call(this, subscribe);
            this.key = key;
            this.underlyingObservable = !mergedDisposable ?
                underlyingObservable :
                new AnonymousObservable(function (observer) {
                    return new CompositeDisposable(mergedDisposable.getDisposable(), underlyingObservable.subscribe(observer));
                });
        }

        return GroupedObservable;
    }(Observable));

    /**
     *  Represents an object that is both an observable sequence as well as an observer.
     *  Each notification is broadcasted to all subscribed observers.
     */
    var Subject = Rx.Subject = (function (_super) {
        function subscribe(observer) {
            checkDisposed.call(this);
            if (!this.isStopped) {
                this.observers.push(observer);
                return new InnerSubscription(this, observer);
            }
            if (this.exception) {
                observer.onError(this.exception);
                return disposableEmpty;
            }
            observer.onCompleted();
            return disposableEmpty;
        }

        inherits(Subject, _super);

        /**
         * Creates a subject.
         * @constructor
         */      
        function Subject() {
            _super.call(this, subscribe);
            this.isDisposed = false,
            this.isStopped = false,
            this.observers = [];
        }

        addProperties(Subject.prototype, Observer, {
            /**
             * Indicates whether the subject has observers subscribed to it.
             * @returns {Boolean} Indicates whether the subject has observers subscribed to it.
             */         
            hasObservers: function () {
                return this.observers.length > 0;
            },
            /**
             * Notifies all subscribed observers about the end of the sequence.
             */                          
            onCompleted: function () {
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                if (!this.isStopped) {
                    var os = this.observers.slice(0);
                    this.isStopped = true;
                    for (var i = 0, len = os.length; i < len; i++) {
                        os[i].onCompleted();
                    }

                    this.observers = [];
                }
            },
            /**
             * Notifies all subscribed observers about the exception.
             * @param {Mixed} error The exception to send to all observers.
             */               
            onError: function (exception) {
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                if (!this.isStopped) {
                    var os = this.observers.slice(0);
                    this.isStopped = true;
                    this.exception = exception;
                    for (var i = 0, len = os.length; i < len; i++) {
                        os[i].onError(exception);
                    }

                    this.observers = [];
                }
            },
            /**
             * Notifies all subscribed observers about the arrival of the specified element in the sequence.
             * @param {Mixed} value The value to send to all observers.
             */                 
            onNext: function (value) {
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                if (!this.isStopped) {
                    var os = this.observers.slice(0);
                    for (var i = 0, len = os.length; i < len; i++) {
                        os[i].onNext(value);
                    }
                }
            },
            /**
             * Unsubscribe all observers and release resources.
             */                
            dispose: function () {
                this.isDisposed = true;
                this.observers = null;
            }
        });

        /**
         * Creates a subject from the specified observer and observable.
         * @param {Observer} observer The observer used to send messages to the subject.
         * @param {Observable} observable The observable used to subscribe to messages sent from the subject.
         * @returns {Subject} Subject implemented using the given observer and observable.
         */
        Subject.create = function (observer, observable) {
            return new AnonymousSubject(observer, observable);
        };

        return Subject;
    }(Observable));

    /**
     *  Represents the result of an asynchronous operation.
     *  The last value before the OnCompleted notification, or the error received through OnError, is sent to all subscribed observers.
     */   
    var AsyncSubject = Rx.AsyncSubject = (function (_super) {

        function subscribe(observer) {
            checkDisposed.call(this);
            
            if (!this.isStopped) {
                this.observers.push(observer);
                return new InnerSubscription(this, observer);
            }

            var ex = this.exception,
                hv = this.hasValue,
                v = this.value;

            if (ex) {
                observer.onError(ex);
            } else if (hv) {
                observer.onNext(v);
                observer.onCompleted();
            } else {
                observer.onCompleted();
            }

            return disposableEmpty;
        }

        inherits(AsyncSubject, _super);

        /**
         * Creates a subject that can only receive one value and that value is cached for all future observations.
         * @constructor
         */ 
        function AsyncSubject() {
            _super.call(this, subscribe);

            this.isDisposed = false;
            this.isStopped = false;
            this.value = null;
            this.hasValue = false;
            this.observers = [];
            this.exception = null;
        }

        addProperties(AsyncSubject.prototype, Observer, {
            /**
             * Indicates whether the subject has observers subscribed to it.
             * @returns {Boolean} Indicates whether the subject has observers subscribed to it.
             */         
            hasObservers: function () {
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                return this.observers.length > 0;
            },
            /**
             * Notifies all subscribed observers about the end of the sequence, also causing the last received value to be sent out (if any).
             */ 
            onCompleted: function () {
                var o, i, len;
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                if (!this.isStopped) {
                    this.isStopped = true;
                    var os = this.observers.slice(0),
                        v = this.value,
                        hv = this.hasValue;

                    if (hv) {
                        for (i = 0, len = os.length; i < len; i++) {
                            o = os[i];
                            o.onNext(v);
                            o.onCompleted();
                        }
                    } else {
                        for (i = 0, len = os.length; i < len; i++) {
                            os[i].onCompleted();
                        }
                    }

                    this.observers = [];
                }
            },
            /**
             * Notifies all subscribed observers about the exception.
             * @param {Mixed} error The exception to send to all observers.
             */ 
            onError: function (exception) {
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                if (!this.isStopped) {
                    var os = this.observers.slice(0);
                    this.isStopped = true;
                    this.exception = exception;

                    for (var i = 0, len = os.length; i < len; i++) {
                        os[i].onError(exception);
                    }

                    this.observers = [];
                }
            },
            /**
             * Sends a value to the subject. The last value received before successful termination will be sent to all subscribed and future observers.
             * @param {Mixed} value The value to store in the subject.
             */             
            onNext: function (value) {
                checkDisposed.call(this);
                if (!this.isStopped) {
                    this.value = value;
                    this.hasValue = true;
                }
            },
            /**
             * Unsubscribe all observers and release resources.
             */
            dispose: function () {
                this.isDisposed = true;
                this.observers = null;
                this.exception = null;
                this.value = null;
            }
        });

        return AsyncSubject;
    }(Observable));

    /** @private */
    var AnonymousSubject = (function (_super) {
        inherits(AnonymousSubject, _super);

        function subscribe(observer) {
            return this.observable.subscribe(observer);
        }

        /**
         * @private
         * @constructor
         */
        function AnonymousSubject(observer, observable) {
            _super.call(this, subscribe);
            this.observer = observer;
            this.observable = observable;
        }

        addProperties(AnonymousSubject.prototype, Observer, {
            /**
             * @private
             * @memberOf AnonymousSubject#
            */
            onCompleted: function () {
                this.observer.onCompleted();
            },
            /**
             * @private
             * @memberOf AnonymousSubject#
            */            
            onError: function (exception) {
                this.observer.onError(exception);
            },
            /**
             * @private
             * @memberOf AnonymousSubject#
            */            
            onNext: function (value) {
                this.observer.onNext(value);
            }
        });

        return AnonymousSubject;
    }(Observable));

    if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
        root.Rx = Rx;

        define(function() {
            return Rx;
        });
    } else if (freeExports && freeModule) {
        // in Node.js or RingoJS
        if (moduleExports) {
            (freeModule.exports = Rx).Rx = Rx;
        } else {
          freeExports.Rx = Rx;
        }
    } else {
        // in a browser or Rhino
        root.Rx = Rx;
    }
}.call(this));
/**
 * @license AngularJS v1.2.19
 * (c) 2010-2014 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
 * License: MIT
 */
(function(window, document, undefined) {'use strict';

/**
 * @description
 *
 * This object provides a utility for producing rich Error messages within
 * Angular. It can be called as follows:
 *
 * var exampleMinErr = minErr('example');
 * throw exampleMinErr('one', 'This {0} is {1}', foo, bar);
 *
 * The above creates an instance of minErr in the example namespace. The
 * resulting error will have a namespaced error code of example.one.  The
 * resulting error will replace {0} with the value of foo, and {1} with the
 * value of bar. The object is not restricted in the number of arguments it can
 * take.
 *
 * If fewer arguments are specified than necessary for interpolation, the extra
 * interpolation markers will be preserved in the final string.
 *
 * Since data will be parsed statically during a build step, some restrictions
 * are applied with respect to how minErr instances are created and called.
 * Instances should have names of the form namespaceMinErr for a minErr created
 * using minErr('namespace') . Error codes, namespaces and template strings
 * should all be static strings, not variables or general expressions.
 *
 * @param {string} module The namespace to use for the new minErr instance.
 * @returns {function(code:string, template:string, ...templateArgs): Error} minErr instance
 */

function minErr(module) {
  return function () {
    var code = arguments[0],
      prefix = '[' + (module ? module + ':' : '') + code + '] ',
      template = arguments[1],
      templateArgs = arguments,
      stringify = function (obj) {
        if (typeof obj === 'function') {
          return obj.toString().replace(/ \{[\s\S]*$/, '');
        } else if (typeof obj === 'undefined') {
          return 'undefined';
        } else if (typeof obj !== 'string') {
          return JSON.stringify(obj);
        }
        return obj;
      },
      message, i;

    message = prefix + template.replace(/\{\d+\}/g, function (match) {
      var index = +match.slice(1, -1), arg;

      if (index + 2 < templateArgs.length) {
        arg = templateArgs[index + 2];
        if (typeof arg === 'function') {
          return arg.toString().replace(/ ?\{[\s\S]*$/, '');
        } else if (typeof arg === 'undefined') {
          return 'undefined';
        } else if (typeof arg !== 'string') {
          return toJson(arg);
        }
        return arg;
      }
      return match;
    });

    message = message + '\nhttp://errors.angularjs.org/1.2.19/' +
      (module ? module + '/' : '') + code;
    for (i = 2; i < arguments.length; i++) {
      message = message + (i == 2 ? '?' : '&') + 'p' + (i-2) + '=' +
        encodeURIComponent(stringify(arguments[i]));
    }

    return new Error(message);
  };
}

/* We need to tell jshint what variables are being exported */
/* global
    -angular,
    -msie,
    -jqLite,
    -jQuery,
    -slice,
    -push,
    -toString,
    -ngMinErr,
    -angularModule,
    -nodeName_,
    -uid,
    -VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY,

    -lowercase,
    -uppercase,
    -manualLowercase,
    -manualUppercase,
    -nodeName_,
    -isArrayLike,
    -forEach,
    -sortedKeys,
    -forEachSorted,
    -reverseParams,
    -nextUid,
    -setHashKey,
    -extend,
    -int,
    -inherit,
    -noop,
    -identity,
    -valueFn,
    -isUndefined,
    -isDefined,
    -isObject,
    -isString,
    -isNumber,
    -isDate,
    -isArray,
    -isFunction,
    -isRegExp,
    -isWindow,
    -isScope,
    -isFile,
    -isBlob,
    -isBoolean,
    -trim,
    -isElement,
    -makeMap,
    -map,
    -size,
    -includes,
    -indexOf,
    -arrayRemove,
    -isLeafNode,
    -copy,
    -shallowCopy,
    -equals,
    -csp,
    -concat,
    -sliceArgs,
    -bind,
    -toJsonReplacer,
    -toJson,
    -fromJson,
    -toBoolean,
    -startingTag,
    -tryDecodeURIComponent,
    -parseKeyValue,
    -toKeyValue,
    -encodeUriSegment,
    -encodeUriQuery,
    -angularInit,
    -bootstrap,
    -snake_case,
    -bindJQuery,
    -assertArg,
    -assertArgFn,
    -assertNotHasOwnProperty,
    -getter,
    -getBlockElements,
    -hasOwnProperty,

*/

////////////////////////////////////

/**
 * @ngdoc module
 * @name ng
 * @module ng
 * @description
 *
 * # ng (core module)
 * The ng module is loaded by default when an AngularJS application is started. The module itself
 * contains the essential components for an AngularJS application to function. The table below
 * lists a high level breakdown of each of the services/factories, filters, directives and testing
 * components available within this core module.
 *
 * <div doc-module-components="ng"></div>
 */

// The name of a form control's ValidityState property.
// This is used so that it's possible for internal tests to create mock ValidityStates.
var VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY = 'validity';

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.lowercase
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description Converts the specified string to lowercase.
 * @param {string} string String to be converted to lowercase.
 * @returns {string} Lowercased string.
 */
var lowercase = function(string){return isString(string) ? string.toLowerCase() : string;};
var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.uppercase
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description Converts the specified string to uppercase.
 * @param {string} string String to be converted to uppercase.
 * @returns {string} Uppercased string.
 */
var uppercase = function(string){return isString(string) ? string.toUpperCase() : string;};


var manualLowercase = function(s) {
  /* jshint bitwise: false */
  return isString(s)
      ? s.replace(/[A-Z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) | 32);})
      : s;
};
var manualUppercase = function(s) {
  /* jshint bitwise: false */
  return isString(s)
      ? s.replace(/[a-z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) & ~32);})
      : s;
};


// String#toLowerCase and String#toUpperCase don't produce correct results in browsers with Turkish
// locale, for this reason we need to detect this case and redefine lowercase/uppercase methods
// with correct but slower alternatives.
if ('i' !== 'I'.toLowerCase()) {
  lowercase = manualLowercase;
  uppercase = manualUppercase;
}


var /** holds major version number for IE or NaN for real browsers */
    msie,
    jqLite,           // delay binding since jQuery could be loaded after us.
    jQuery,           // delay binding
    slice             = [].slice,
    push              = [].push,
    toString          = Object.prototype.toString,
    ngMinErr          = minErr('ng'),

    /** @name angular */
    angular           = window.angular || (window.angular = {}),
    angularModule,
    nodeName_,
    uid               = ['0', '0', '0'];

/**
 * IE 11 changed the format of the UserAgent string.
 * See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537503.aspx
 */
msie = int((/msie (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(navigator.userAgent)) || [])[1]);
if (isNaN(msie)) {
  msie = int((/trident\/.*; rv:(\d+)/.exec(lowercase(navigator.userAgent)) || [])[1]);
}


/**
 * @private
 * @param {*} obj
 * @return {boolean} Returns true if `obj` is an array or array-like object (NodeList, Arguments,
 *                   String ...)
 */
function isArrayLike(obj) {
  if (obj == null || isWindow(obj)) {
    return false;
  }

  var length = obj.length;

  if (obj.nodeType === 1 && length) {
    return true;
  }

  return isString(obj) || isArray(obj) || length === 0 ||
         typeof length === 'number' && length > 0 && (length - 1) in obj;
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.forEach
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Invokes the `iterator` function once for each item in `obj` collection, which can be either an
 * object or an array. The `iterator` function is invoked with `iterator(value, key)`, where `value`
 * is the value of an object property or an array element and `key` is the object property key or
 * array element index. Specifying a `context` for the function is optional.
 *
 * It is worth noting that `.forEach` does not iterate over inherited properties because it filters
 * using the `hasOwnProperty` method.
 *
   ```js
     var values = {name: 'misko', gender: 'male'};
     var log = [];
     angular.forEach(values, function(value, key) {
       this.push(key + ': ' + value);
     }, log);
     expect(log).toEqual(['name: misko', 'gender: male']);
   ```
 *
 * @param {Object|Array} obj Object to iterate over.
 * @param {Function} iterator Iterator function.
 * @param {Object=} context Object to become context (`this`) for the iterator function.
 * @returns {Object|Array} Reference to `obj`.
 */
function forEach(obj, iterator, context) {
  var key;
  if (obj) {
    if (isFunction(obj)) {
      for (key in obj) {
        // Need to check if hasOwnProperty exists,
        // as on IE8 the result of querySelectorAll is an object without a hasOwnProperty function
        if (key != 'prototype' && key != 'length' && key != 'name' && (!obj.hasOwnProperty || obj.hasOwnProperty(key))) {
          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);
        }
      }
    } else if (obj.forEach && obj.forEach !== forEach) {
      obj.forEach(iterator, context);
    } else if (isArrayLike(obj)) {
      for (key = 0; key < obj.length; key++)
        iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);
    } else {
      for (key in obj) {
        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return obj;
}

function sortedKeys(obj) {
  var keys = [];
  for (var key in obj) {
    if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
      keys.push(key);
    }
  }
  return keys.sort();
}

function forEachSorted(obj, iterator, context) {
  var keys = sortedKeys(obj);
  for ( var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
    iterator.call(context, obj[keys[i]], keys[i]);
  }
  return keys;
}


/**
 * when using forEach the params are value, key, but it is often useful to have key, value.
 * @param {function(string, *)} iteratorFn
 * @returns {function(*, string)}
 */
function reverseParams(iteratorFn) {
  return function(value, key) { iteratorFn(key, value); };
}

/**
 * A consistent way of creating unique IDs in angular. The ID is a sequence of alpha numeric
 * characters such as '012ABC'. The reason why we are not using simply a number counter is that
 * the number string gets longer over time, and it can also overflow, where as the nextId
 * will grow much slower, it is a string, and it will never overflow.
 *
 * @returns {string} an unique alpha-numeric string
 */
function nextUid() {
  var index = uid.length;
  var digit;

  while(index) {
    index--;
    digit = uid[index].charCodeAt(0);
    if (digit == 57 /*'9'*/) {
      uid[index] = 'A';
      return uid.join('');
    }
    if (digit == 90  /*'Z'*/) {
      uid[index] = '0';
    } else {
      uid[index] = String.fromCharCode(digit + 1);
      return uid.join('');
    }
  }
  uid.unshift('0');
  return uid.join('');
}


/**
 * Set or clear the hashkey for an object.
 * @param obj object
 * @param h the hashkey (!truthy to delete the hashkey)
 */
function setHashKey(obj, h) {
  if (h) {
    obj.$$hashKey = h;
  }
  else {
    delete obj.$$hashKey;
  }
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.extend
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Extends the destination object `dst` by copying all of the properties from the `src` object(s)
 * to `dst`. You can specify multiple `src` objects.
 *
 * @param {Object} dst Destination object.
 * @param {...Object} src Source object(s).
 * @returns {Object} Reference to `dst`.
 */
function extend(dst) {
  var h = dst.$$hashKey;
  forEach(arguments, function(obj) {
    if (obj !== dst) {
      forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
        dst[key] = value;
      });
    }
  });

  setHashKey(dst,h);
  return dst;
}

function int(str) {
  return parseInt(str, 10);
}


function inherit(parent, extra) {
  return extend(new (extend(function() {}, {prototype:parent}))(), extra);
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.noop
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * A function that performs no operations. This function can be useful when writing code in the
 * functional style.
   ```js
     function foo(callback) {
       var result = calculateResult();
       (callback || angular.noop)(result);
     }
   ```
 */
function noop() {}
noop.$inject = [];


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.identity
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * A function that returns its first argument. This function is useful when writing code in the
 * functional style.
 *
   ```js
     function transformer(transformationFn, value) {
       return (transformationFn || angular.identity)(value);
     };
   ```
 */
function identity($) {return $;}
identity.$inject = [];


function valueFn(value) {return function() {return value;};}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isUndefined
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is undefined.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is undefined.
 */
function isUndefined(value){return typeof value === 'undefined';}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isDefined
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is defined.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is defined.
 */
function isDefined(value){return typeof value !== 'undefined';}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isObject
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is an `Object`. Unlike `typeof` in JavaScript, `null`s are not
 * considered to be objects. Note that JavaScript arrays are objects.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Object` but not `null`.
 */
function isObject(value){return value != null && typeof value === 'object';}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isString
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is a `String`.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `String`.
 */
function isString(value){return typeof value === 'string';}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isNumber
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is a `Number`.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Number`.
 */
function isNumber(value){return typeof value === 'number';}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isDate
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a value is a date.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Date`.
 */
function isDate(value) {
  return toString.call(value) === '[object Date]';
}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isArray
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is an `Array`.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Array`.
 */
var isArray = (function() {
  if (!isFunction(Array.isArray)) {
    return function(value) {
      return toString.call(value) === '[object Array]';
    };
  }
  return Array.isArray;
})();

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isFunction
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is a `Function`.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Function`.
 */
function isFunction(value){return typeof value === 'function';}


/**
 * Determines if a value is a regular expression object.
 *
 * @private
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `RegExp`.
 */
function isRegExp(value) {
  return toString.call(value) === '[object RegExp]';
}


/**
 * Checks if `obj` is a window object.
 *
 * @private
 * @param {*} obj Object to check
 * @returns {boolean} True if `obj` is a window obj.
 */
function isWindow(obj) {
  return obj && obj.document && obj.location && obj.alert && obj.setInterval;
}


function isScope(obj) {
  return obj && obj.$evalAsync && obj.$watch;
}


function isFile(obj) {
  return toString.call(obj) === '[object File]';
}


function isBlob(obj) {
  return toString.call(obj) === '[object Blob]';
}


function isBoolean(value) {
  return typeof value === 'boolean';
}


var trim = (function() {
  // native trim is way faster: http://jsperf.com/angular-trim-test
  // but IE doesn't have it... :-(
  // TODO: we should move this into IE/ES5 polyfill
  if (!String.prototype.trim) {
    return function(value) {
      return isString(value) ? value.replace(/^\s\s*/, '').replace(/\s\s*$/, '') : value;
    };
  }
  return function(value) {
    return isString(value) ? value.trim() : value;
  };
})();


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isElement
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is a DOM element (or wrapped jQuery element).
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a DOM element (or wrapped jQuery element).
 */
function isElement(node) {
  return !!(node &&
    (node.nodeName  // we are a direct element
    || (node.prop && node.attr && node.find)));  // we have an on and find method part of jQuery API
}

/**
 * @param str 'key1,key2,...'
 * @returns {object} in the form of {key1:true, key2:true, ...}
 */
function makeMap(str) {
  var obj = {}, items = str.split(","), i;
  for ( i = 0; i < items.length; i++ )
    obj[ items[i] ] = true;
  return obj;
}


if (msie < 9) {
  nodeName_ = function(element) {
    element = element.nodeName ? element : element[0];
    return (element.scopeName && element.scopeName != 'HTML')
      ? uppercase(element.scopeName + ':' + element.nodeName) : element.nodeName;
  };
} else {
  nodeName_ = function(element) {
    return element.nodeName ? element.nodeName : element[0].nodeName;
  };
}


function map(obj, iterator, context) {
  var results = [];
  forEach(obj, function(value, index, list) {
    results.push(iterator.call(context, value, index, list));
  });
  return results;
}


/**
 * @description
 * Determines the number of elements in an array, the number of properties an object has, or
 * the length of a string.
 *
 * Note: This function is used to augment the Object type in Angular expressions. See
 * {@link angular.Object} for more information about Angular arrays.
 *
 * @param {Object|Array|string} obj Object, array, or string to inspect.
 * @param {boolean} [ownPropsOnly=false] Count only "own" properties in an object
 * @returns {number} The size of `obj` or `0` if `obj` is neither an object nor an array.
 */
function size(obj, ownPropsOnly) {
  var count = 0, key;

  if (isArray(obj) || isString(obj)) {
    return obj.length;
  } else if (isObject(obj)) {
    for (key in obj)
      if (!ownPropsOnly || obj.hasOwnProperty(key))
        count++;
  }

  return count;
}


function includes(array, obj) {
  return indexOf(array, obj) != -1;
}

function indexOf(array, obj) {
  if (array.indexOf) return array.indexOf(obj);

  for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
    if (obj === array[i]) return i;
  }
  return -1;
}

function arrayRemove(array, value) {
  var index = indexOf(array, value);
  if (index >=0)
    array.splice(index, 1);
  return value;
}

function isLeafNode (node) {
  if (node) {
    switch (node.nodeName) {
    case "OPTION":
    case "PRE":
    case "TITLE":
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.copy
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Creates a deep copy of `source`, which should be an object or an array.
 *
 * * If no destination is supplied, a copy of the object or array is created.
 * * If a destination is provided, all of its elements (for array) or properties (for objects)
 *   are deleted and then all elements/properties from the source are copied to it.
 * * If `source` is not an object or array (inc. `null` and `undefined`), `source` is returned.
 * * If `source` is identical to 'destination' an exception will be thrown.
 *
 * @param {*} source The source that will be used to make a copy.
 *                   Can be any type, including primitives, `null`, and `undefined`.
 * @param {(Object|Array)=} destination Destination into which the source is copied. If
 *     provided, must be of the same type as `source`.
 * @returns {*} The copy or updated `destination`, if `destination` was specified.
 *
 * @example
 <example>
 <file name="index.html">
 <div ng-controller="Controller">
 <form novalidate class="simple-form">
 Name: <input type="text" ng-model="user.name" /><br />
 E-mail: <input type="email" ng-model="user.email" /><br />
 Gender: <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="male" />male
 <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="female" />female<br />
 <button ng-click="reset()">RESET</button>
 <button ng-click="update(user)">SAVE</button>
 </form>
 <pre>form = {{user | json}}</pre>
 <pre>master = {{master | json}}</pre>
 </div>

 <script>
 function Controller($scope) {
    $scope.master= {};

    $scope.update = function(user) {
      // Example with 1 argument
      $scope.master= angular.copy(user);
    };

    $scope.reset = function() {
      // Example with 2 arguments
      angular.copy($scope.master, $scope.user);
    };

    $scope.reset();
  }
 </script>
 </file>
 </example>
 */
function copy(source, destination, stackSource, stackDest) {
  if (isWindow(source) || isScope(source)) {
    throw ngMinErr('cpws',
      "Can't copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.");
  }

  if (!destination) {
    destination = source;
    if (source) {
      if (isArray(source)) {
        destination = copy(source, [], stackSource, stackDest);
      } else if (isDate(source)) {
        destination = new Date(source.getTime());
      } else if (isRegExp(source)) {
        destination = new RegExp(source.source);
      } else if (isObject(source)) {
        destination = copy(source, {}, stackSource, stackDest);
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (source === destination) throw ngMinErr('cpi',
      "Can't copy! Source and destination are identical.");

    stackSource = stackSource || [];
    stackDest = stackDest || [];

    if (isObject(source)) {
      var index = indexOf(stackSource, source);
      if (index !== -1) return stackDest[index];

      stackSource.push(source);
      stackDest.push(destination);
    }

    var result;
    if (isArray(source)) {
      destination.length = 0;
      for ( var i = 0; i < source.length; i++) {
        result = copy(source[i], null, stackSource, stackDest);
        if (isObject(source[i])) {
          stackSource.push(source[i]);
          stackDest.push(result);
        }
        destination.push(result);
      }
    } else {
      var h = destination.$$hashKey;
      forEach(destination, function(value, key) {
        delete destination[key];
      });
      for ( var key in source) {
        result = copy(source[key], null, stackSource, stackDest);
        if (isObject(source[key])) {
          stackSource.push(source[key]);
          stackDest.push(result);
        }
        destination[key] = result;
      }
      setHashKey(destination,h);
    }

  }
  return destination;
}

/**
 * Creates a shallow copy of an object, an array or a primitive
 */
function shallowCopy(src, dst) {
  if (isArray(src)) {
    dst = dst || [];

    for ( var i = 0; i < src.length; i++) {
      dst[i] = src[i];
    }
  } else if (isObject(src)) {
    dst = dst || {};

    for (var key in src) {
      if (hasOwnProperty.call(src, key) && !(key.charAt(0) === '$' && key.charAt(1) === '$')) {
        dst[key] = src[key];
      }
    }
  }

  return dst || src;
}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.equals
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if two objects or two values are equivalent. Supports value types, regular
 * expressions, arrays and objects.
 *
 * Two objects or values are considered equivalent if at least one of the following is true:
 *
 * * Both objects or values pass `===` comparison.
 * * Both objects or values are of the same type and all of their properties are equal by
 *   comparing them with `angular.equals`.
 * * Both values are NaN. (In JavaScript, NaN == NaN => false. But we consider two NaN as equal)
 * * Both values represent the same regular expression (In JavaScript,
 *   /abc/ == /abc/ => false. But we consider two regular expressions as equal when their textual
 *   representation matches).
 *
 * During a property comparison, properties of `function` type and properties with names
 * that begin with `$` are ignored.
 *
 * Scope and DOMWindow objects are being compared only by identify (`===`).
 *
 * @param {*} o1 Object or value to compare.
 * @param {*} o2 Object or value to compare.
 * @returns {boolean} True if arguments are equal.
 */
function equals(o1, o2) {
  if (o1 === o2) return true;
  if (o1 === null || o2 === null) return false;
  if (o1 !== o1 && o2 !== o2) return true; // NaN === NaN
  var t1 = typeof o1, t2 = typeof o2, length, key, keySet;
  if (t1 == t2) {
    if (t1 == 'object') {
      if (isArray(o1)) {
        if (!isArray(o2)) return false;
        if ((length = o1.length) == o2.length) {
          for(key=0; key<length; key++) {
            if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
          }
          return true;
        }
      } else if (isDate(o1)) {
        return isDate(o2) && o1.getTime() == o2.getTime();
      } else if (isRegExp(o1) && isRegExp(o2)) {
        return o1.toString() == o2.toString();
      } else {
        if (isScope(o1) || isScope(o2) || isWindow(o1) || isWindow(o2) || isArray(o2)) return false;
        keySet = {};
        for(key in o1) {
          if (key.charAt(0) === '$' || isFunction(o1[key])) continue;
          if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
          keySet[key] = true;
        }
        for(key in o2) {
          if (!keySet.hasOwnProperty(key) &&
              key.charAt(0) !== '$' &&
              o2[key] !== undefined &&
              !isFunction(o2[key])) return false;
        }
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  return false;
}


function csp() {
  return (document.securityPolicy && document.securityPolicy.isActive) ||
      (document.querySelector &&
      !!(document.querySelector('[ng-csp]') || document.querySelector('[data-ng-csp]')));
}


function concat(array1, array2, index) {
  return array1.concat(slice.call(array2, index));
}

function sliceArgs(args, startIndex) {
  return slice.call(args, startIndex || 0);
}


/* jshint -W101 */
/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.bind
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Returns a function which calls function `fn` bound to `self` (`self` becomes the `this` for
 * `fn`). You can supply optional `args` that are prebound to the function. This feature is also
 * known as [partial application](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_application), as
 * distinguished from [function currying](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying#Contrast_with_partial_function_application).
 *
 * @param {Object} self Context which `fn` should be evaluated in.
 * @param {function()} fn Function to be bound.
 * @param {...*} args Optional arguments to be prebound to the `fn` function call.
 * @returns {function()} Function that wraps the `fn` with all the specified bindings.
 */
/* jshint +W101 */
function bind(self, fn) {
  var curryArgs = arguments.length > 2 ? sliceArgs(arguments, 2) : [];
  if (isFunction(fn) && !(fn instanceof RegExp)) {
    return curryArgs.length
      ? function() {
          return arguments.length
            ? fn.apply(self, curryArgs.concat(slice.call(arguments, 0)))
            : fn.apply(self, curryArgs);
        }
      : function() {
          return arguments.length
            ? fn.apply(self, arguments)
            : fn.call(self);
        };
  } else {
    // in IE, native methods are not functions so they cannot be bound (note: they don't need to be)
    return fn;
  }
}


function toJsonReplacer(key, value) {
  var val = value;

  if (typeof key === 'string' && key.charAt(0) === '$') {
    val = undefined;
  } else if (isWindow(value)) {
    val = '$WINDOW';
  } else if (value &&  document === value) {
    val = '$DOCUMENT';
  } else if (isScope(value)) {
    val = '$SCOPE';
  }

  return val;
}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.toJson
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Serializes input into a JSON-formatted string. Properties with leading $ characters will be
 * stripped since angular uses this notation internally.
 *
 * @param {Object|Array|Date|string|number} obj Input to be serialized into JSON.
 * @param {boolean=} pretty If set to true, the JSON output will contain newlines and whitespace.
 * @returns {string|undefined} JSON-ified string representing `obj`.
 */
function toJson(obj, pretty) {
  if (typeof obj === 'undefined') return undefined;
  return JSON.stringify(obj, toJsonReplacer, pretty ? '  ' : null);
}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.fromJson
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Deserializes a JSON string.
 *
 * @param {string} json JSON string to deserialize.
 * @returns {Object|Array|string|number} Deserialized thingy.
 */
function fromJson(json) {
  return isString(json)
      ? JSON.parse(json)
      : json;
}


function toBoolean(value) {
  if (typeof value === 'function') {
    value = true;
  } else if (value && value.length !== 0) {
    var v = lowercase("" + value);
    value = !(v == 'f' || v == '0' || v == 'false' || v == 'no' || v == 'n' || v == '[]');
  } else {
    value = false;
  }
  return value;
}

/**
 * @returns {string} Returns the string representation of the element.
 */
function startingTag(element) {
  element = jqLite(element).clone();
  try {
    // turns out IE does not let you set .html() on elements which
    // are not allowed to have children. So we just ignore it.
    element.empty();
  } catch(e) {}
  // As Per DOM Standards
  var TEXT_NODE = 3;
  var elemHtml = jqLite('<div>').append(element).html();
  try {
    return element[0].nodeType === TEXT_NODE ? lowercase(elemHtml) :
        elemHtml.
          match(/^(<[^>]+>)/)[1].
          replace(/^<([\w\-]+)/, function(match, nodeName) { return '<' + lowercase(nodeName); });
  } catch(e) {
    return lowercase(elemHtml);
  }

}


/////////////////////////////////////////////////

/**
 * Tries to decode the URI component without throwing an exception.
 *
 * @private
 * @param str value potential URI component to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` can be decoded
 * with the decodeURIComponent function.
 */
function tryDecodeURIComponent(value) {
  try {
    return decodeURIComponent(value);
  } catch(e) {
    // Ignore any invalid uri component
  }
}


/**
 * Parses an escaped url query string into key-value pairs.
 * @returns {Object.<string,boolean|Array>}
 */
function parseKeyValue(/**string*/keyValue) {
  var obj = {}, key_value, key;
  forEach((keyValue || "").split('&'), function(keyValue) {
    if ( keyValue ) {
      key_value = keyValue.split('=');
      key = tryDecodeURIComponent(key_value[0]);
      if ( isDefined(key) ) {
        var val = isDefined(key_value[1]) ? tryDecodeURIComponent(key_value[1]) : true;
        if (!obj[key]) {
          obj[key] = val;
        } else if(isArray(obj[key])) {
          obj[key].push(val);
        } else {
          obj[key] = [obj[key],val];
        }
      }
    }
  });
  return obj;
}

function toKeyValue(obj) {
  var parts = [];
  forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
    if (isArray(value)) {
      forEach(value, function(arrayValue) {
        parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key, true) +
                   (arrayValue === true ? '' : '=' + encodeUriQuery(arrayValue, true)));
      });
    } else {
    parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key, true) +
               (value === true ? '' : '=' + encodeUriQuery(value, true)));
    }
  });
  return parts.length ? parts.join('&') : '';
}


/**
 * We need our custom method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and doesn't follow
 * http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt with regards to the character set (pchar) allowed in path
 * segments:
 *    segment       = *pchar
 *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
 *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
 *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
 *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
 *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
 */
function encodeUriSegment(val) {
  return encodeUriQuery(val, true).
             replace(/%26/gi, '&').
             replace(/%3D/gi, '=').
             replace(/%2B/gi, '+');
}


/**
 * This method is intended for encoding *key* or *value* parts of query component. We need a custom
 * method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and encodes stuff that doesn't have to be
 * encoded per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986:
 *    query       = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
 *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
 *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
 *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
 *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
 *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
 */
function encodeUriQuery(val, pctEncodeSpaces) {
  return encodeURIComponent(val).
             replace(/%40/gi, '@').
             replace(/%3A/gi, ':').
             replace(/%24/g, '$').
             replace(/%2C/gi, ',').
             replace(/%20/g, (pctEncodeSpaces ? '%20' : '+'));
}


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngApp
 * @module ng
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {angular.Module} ngApp an optional application
 *   {@link angular.module module} name to load.
 *
 * @description
 *
 * Use this directive to **auto-bootstrap** an AngularJS application. The `ngApp` directive
 * designates the **root element** of the application and is typically placed near the root element
 * of the page - e.g. on the `<body>` or `<html>` tags.
 *
 * Only one AngularJS application can be auto-bootstrapped per HTML document. The first `ngApp`
 * found in the document will be used to define the root element to auto-bootstrap as an
 * application. To run multiple applications in an HTML document you must manually bootstrap them using
 * {@link angular.bootstrap} instead. AngularJS applications cannot be nested within each other.
 *
 * You can specify an **AngularJS module** to be used as the root module for the application.  This
 * module will be loaded into the {@link auto.$injector} when the application is bootstrapped and
 * should contain the application code needed or have dependencies on other modules that will
 * contain the code. See {@link angular.module} for more information.
 *
 * In the example below if the `ngApp` directive were not placed on the `html` element then the
 * document would not be compiled, the `AppController` would not be instantiated and the `{{ a+b }}`
 * would not be resolved to `3`.
 *
 * `ngApp` is the easiest, and most common, way to bootstrap an application.
 *
 <example module="ngAppDemo">
   <file name="index.html">
   <div ng-controller="ngAppDemoController">
     I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
   </div>
   </file>
   <file name="script.js">
   angular.module('ngAppDemo', []).controller('ngAppDemoController', function($scope) {
     $scope.a = 1;
     $scope.b = 2;
   });
   </file>
 </example>
 *
 */
function angularInit(element, bootstrap) {
  var elements = [element],
      appElement,
      module,
      names = ['ng:app', 'ng-app', 'x-ng-app', 'data-ng-app'],
      NG_APP_CLASS_REGEXP = /\sng[:\-]app(:\s*([\w\d_]+);?)?\s/;

  function append(element) {
    element && elements.push(element);
  }

  forEach(names, function(name) {
    names[name] = true;
    append(document.getElementById(name));
    name = name.replace(':', '\\:');
    if (element.querySelectorAll) {
      forEach(element.querySelectorAll('.' + name), append);
      forEach(element.querySelectorAll('.' + name + '\\:'), append);
      forEach(element.querySelectorAll('[' + name + ']'), append);
    }
  });

  forEach(elements, function(element) {
    if (!appElement) {
      var className = ' ' + element.className + ' ';
      var match = NG_APP_CLASS_REGEXP.exec(className);
      if (match) {
        appElement = element;
        module = (match[2] || '').replace(/\s+/g, ',');
      } else {
        forEach(element.attributes, function(attr) {
          if (!appElement && names[attr.name]) {
            appElement = element;
            module = attr.value;
          }
        });
      }
    }
  });
  if (appElement) {
    bootstrap(appElement, module ? [module] : []);
  }
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.bootstrap
 * @module ng
 * @description
 * Use this function to manually start up angular application.
 *
 * See: {@link guide/bootstrap Bootstrap}
 *
 * Note that ngScenario-based end-to-end tests cannot use this function to bootstrap manually.
 * They must use {@link ng.directive:ngApp ngApp}.
 *
 * Angular will detect if it has been loaded into the browser more than once and only allow the
 * first loaded script to be bootstrapped and will report a warning to the browser console for
 * each of the subsequent scripts. This prevents strange results in applications, where otherwise
 * multiple instances of Angular try to work on the DOM.
 *
 * <example name="multi-bootstrap" module="multi-bootstrap">
 * <file name="index.html">
 * <script src="../../../angular.js"></script>
 * <div ng-controller="BrokenTable">
 *   <table>
 *   <tr>
 *     <th ng-repeat="heading in headings">{{heading}}</th>
 *   </tr>
 *   <tr ng-repeat="filling in fillings">
 *     <td ng-repeat="fill in filling">{{fill}}</td>
 *   </tr>
 * </table>
 * </div>
 * </file>
 * <file name="controller.js">
 * var app = angular.module('multi-bootstrap', [])
 *
 * .controller('BrokenTable', function($scope) {
 *     $scope.headings = ['One', 'Two', 'Three'];
 *     $scope.fillings = [[1, 2, 3], ['A', 'B', 'C'], [7, 8, 9]];
 * });
 * </file>
 * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
 * it('should only insert one table cell for each item in $scope.fillings', function() {
 *  expect(element.all(by.css('td')).count())
 *      .toBe(9);
 * });
 * </file>
 * </example>
 *
 * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of angular application.
 * @param {Array<String|Function|Array>=} modules an array of modules to load into the application.
 *     Each item in the array should be the name of a predefined module or a (DI annotated)
 *     function that will be invoked by the injector as a run block.
 *     See: {@link angular.module modules}
 * @returns {auto.$injector} Returns the newly created injector for this app.
 */
function bootstrap(element, modules) {
  var doBootstrap = function() {
    element = jqLite(element);

    if (element.injector()) {
      var tag = (element[0] === document) ? 'document' : startingTag(element);
      throw ngMinErr('btstrpd', "App Already Bootstrapped with this Element '{0}'", tag);
    }

    modules = modules || [];
    modules.unshift(['$provide', function($provide) {
      $provide.value('$rootElement', element);
    }]);
    modules.unshift('ng');
    var injector = createInjector(modules);
    injector.invoke(['$rootScope', '$rootElement', '$compile', '$injector', '$animate',
       function(scope, element, compile, injector, animate) {
        scope.$apply(function() {
          element.data('$injector', injector);
          compile(element)(scope);
        });
      }]
    );
    return injector;
  };

  var NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP = /^NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP!/;

  if (window && !NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP.test(window.name)) {
    return doBootstrap();
  }

  window.name = window.name.replace(NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP, '');
  angular.resumeBootstrap = function(extraModules) {
    forEach(extraModules, function(module) {
      modules.push(module);
    });
    doBootstrap();
  };
}

var SNAKE_CASE_REGEXP = /[A-Z]/g;
function snake_case(name, separator) {
  separator = separator || '_';
  return name.replace(SNAKE_CASE_REGEXP, function(letter, pos) {
    return (pos ? separator : '') + letter.toLowerCase();
  });
}

function bindJQuery() {
  // bind to jQuery if present;
  jQuery = window.jQuery;
  // Use jQuery if it exists with proper functionality, otherwise default to us.
  // Angular 1.2+ requires jQuery 1.7.1+ for on()/off() support.
  if (jQuery && jQuery.fn.on) {
    jqLite = jQuery;
    extend(jQuery.fn, {
      scope: JQLitePrototype.scope,
      isolateScope: JQLitePrototype.isolateScope,
      controller: JQLitePrototype.controller,
      injector: JQLitePrototype.injector,
      inheritedData: JQLitePrototype.inheritedData
    });
    // Method signature:
    //     jqLitePatchJQueryRemove(name, dispatchThis, filterElems, getterIfNoArguments)
    jqLitePatchJQueryRemove('remove', true, true, false);
    jqLitePatchJQueryRemove('empty', false, false, false);
    jqLitePatchJQueryRemove('html', false, false, true);
  } else {
    jqLite = JQLite;
  }
  angular.element = jqLite;
}

/**
 * throw error if the argument is falsy.
 */
function assertArg(arg, name, reason) {
  if (!arg) {
    throw ngMinErr('areq', "Argument '{0}' is {1}", (name || '?'), (reason || "required"));
  }
  return arg;
}

function assertArgFn(arg, name, acceptArrayAnnotation) {
  if (acceptArrayAnnotation && isArray(arg)) {
      arg = arg[arg.length - 1];
  }

  assertArg(isFunction(arg), name, 'not a function, got ' +
      (arg && typeof arg === 'object' ? arg.constructor.name || 'Object' : typeof arg));
  return arg;
}

/**
 * throw error if the name given is hasOwnProperty
 * @param  {String} name    the name to test
 * @param  {String} context the context in which the name is used, such as module or directive
 */
function assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, context) {
  if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
    throw ngMinErr('badname', "hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name", context);
  }
}

/**
 * Return the value accessible from the object by path. Any undefined traversals are ignored
 * @param {Object} obj starting object
 * @param {String} path path to traverse
 * @param {boolean} [bindFnToScope=true]
 * @returns {Object} value as accessible by path
 */
//TODO(misko): this function needs to be removed
function getter(obj, path, bindFnToScope) {
  if (!path) return obj;
  var keys = path.split('.');
  var key;
  var lastInstance = obj;
  var len = keys.length;

  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    key = keys[i];
    if (obj) {
      obj = (lastInstance = obj)[key];
    }
  }
  if (!bindFnToScope && isFunction(obj)) {
    return bind(lastInstance, obj);
  }
  return obj;
}

/**
 * Return the DOM siblings between the first and last node in the given array.
 * @param {Array} array like object
 * @returns {DOMElement} object containing the elements
 */
function getBlockElements(nodes) {
  var startNode = nodes[0],
      endNode = nodes[nodes.length - 1];
  if (startNode === endNode) {
    return jqLite(startNode);
  }

  var element = startNode;
  var elements = [element];

  do {
    element = element.nextSibling;
    if (!element) break;
    elements.push(element);
  } while (element !== endNode);

  return jqLite(elements);
}

/**
 * @ngdoc type
 * @name angular.Module
 * @module ng
 * @description
 *
 * Interface for configuring angular {@link angular.module modules}.
 */

function setupModuleLoader(window) {

  var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
  var ngMinErr = minErr('ng');

  function ensure(obj, name, factory) {
    return obj[name] || (obj[name] = factory());
  }

  var angular = ensure(window, 'angular', Object);

  // We need to expose `angular.$$minErr` to modules such as `ngResource` that reference it during bootstrap
  angular.$$minErr = angular.$$minErr || minErr;

  return ensure(angular, 'module', function() {
    /** @type {Object.<string, angular.Module>} */
    var modules = {};

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name angular.module
     * @module ng
     * @description
     *
     * The `angular.module` is a global place for creating, registering and retrieving Angular
     * modules.
     * All modules (angular core or 3rd party) that should be available to an application must be
     * registered using this mechanism.
     *
     * When passed two or more arguments, a new module is created.  If passed only one argument, an
     * existing module (the name passed as the first argument to `module`) is retrieved.
     *
     *
     * # Module
     *
     * A module is a collection of services, directives, controllers, filters, and configuration information.
     * `angular.module` is used to configure the {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
     *
     * ```js
     * // Create a new module
     * var myModule = angular.module('myModule', []);
     *
     * // register a new service
     * myModule.value('appName', 'MyCoolApp');
     *
     * // configure existing services inside initialization blocks.
     * myModule.config(['$locationProvider', function($locationProvider) {
     *   // Configure existing providers
     *   $locationProvider.hashPrefix('!');
     * }]);
     * ```
     *
     * Then you can create an injector and load your modules like this:
     *
     * ```js
     * var injector = angular.injector(['ng', 'myModule'])
     * ```
     *
     * However it's more likely that you'll just use
     * {@link ng.directive:ngApp ngApp} or
     * {@link angular.bootstrap} to simplify this process for you.
     *
     * @param {!string} name The name of the module to create or retrieve.
     * @param {!Array.<string>=} requires If specified then new module is being created. If
     *        unspecified then the module is being retrieved for further configuration.
     * @param {Function=} configFn Optional configuration function for the module. Same as
     *        {@link angular.Module#config Module#config()}.
     * @returns {module} new module with the {@link angular.Module} api.
     */
    return function module(name, requires, configFn) {
      var assertNotHasOwnProperty = function(name, context) {
        if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
          throw ngMinErr('badname', 'hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name', context);
        }
      };

      assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'module');
      if (requires && modules.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
        modules[name] = null;
      }
      return ensure(modules, name, function() {
        if (!requires) {
          throw $injectorMinErr('nomod', "Module '{0}' is not available! You either misspelled " +
             "the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you " +
             "specify the dependencies as the second argument.", name);
        }

        /** @type {!Array.<Array.<*>>} */
        var invokeQueue = [];

        /** @type {!Array.<Function>} */
        var runBlocks = [];

        var config = invokeLater('$injector', 'invoke');

        /** @type {angular.Module} */
        var moduleInstance = {
          // Private state
          _invokeQueue: invokeQueue,
          _runBlocks: runBlocks,

          /**
           * @ngdoc property
           * @name angular.Module#requires
           * @module ng
           * @returns {Array.<string>} List of module names which must be loaded before this module.
           * @description
           * Holds the list of modules which the injector will load before the current module is
           * loaded.
           */
          requires: requires,

          /**
           * @ngdoc property
           * @name angular.Module#name
           * @module ng
           * @returns {string} Name of the module.
           * @description
           */
          name: name,


          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#provider
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name service name
           * @param {Function} providerType Construction function for creating new instance of the
           *                                service.
           * @description
           * See {@link auto.$provide#provider $provide.provider()}.
           */
          provider: invokeLater('$provide', 'provider'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#factory
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name service name
           * @param {Function} providerFunction Function for creating new instance of the service.
           * @description
           * See {@link auto.$provide#factory $provide.factory()}.
           */
          factory: invokeLater('$provide', 'factory'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#service
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name service name
           * @param {Function} constructor A constructor function that will be instantiated.
           * @description
           * See {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service()}.
           */
          service: invokeLater('$provide', 'service'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#value
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name service name
           * @param {*} object Service instance object.
           * @description
           * See {@link auto.$provide#value $provide.value()}.
           */
          value: invokeLater('$provide', 'value'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#constant
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name constant name
           * @param {*} object Constant value.
           * @description
           * Because the constant are fixed, they get applied before other provide methods.
           * See {@link auto.$provide#constant $provide.constant()}.
           */
          constant: invokeLater('$provide', 'constant', 'unshift'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#animation
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name animation name
           * @param {Function} animationFactory Factory function for creating new instance of an
           *                                    animation.
           * @description
           *
           * **NOTE**: animations take effect only if the **ngAnimate** module is loaded.
           *
           *
           * Defines an animation hook that can be later used with
           * {@link ngAnimate.$animate $animate} service and directives that use this service.
           *
           * ```js
           * module.animation('.animation-name', function($inject1, $inject2) {
           *   return {
           *     eventName : function(element, done) {
           *       //code to run the animation
           *       //once complete, then run done()
           *       return function cancellationFunction(element) {
           *         //code to cancel the animation
           *       }
           *     }
           *   }
           * })
           * ```
           *
           * See {@link ngAnimate.$animateProvider#register $animateProvider.register()} and
           * {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module} for more information.
           */
          animation: invokeLater('$animateProvider', 'register'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#filter
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name Filter name.
           * @param {Function} filterFactory Factory function for creating new instance of filter.
           * @description
           * See {@link ng.$filterProvider#register $filterProvider.register()}.
           */
          filter: invokeLater('$filterProvider', 'register'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#controller
           * @module ng
           * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the
           *    keys are the names and the values are the constructors.
           * @param {Function} constructor Controller constructor function.
           * @description
           * See {@link ng.$controllerProvider#register $controllerProvider.register()}.
           */
          controller: invokeLater('$controllerProvider', 'register'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#directive
           * @module ng
           * @param {string|Object} name Directive name, or an object map of directives where the
           *    keys are the names and the values are the factories.
           * @param {Function} directiveFactory Factory function for creating new instance of
           * directives.
           * @description
           * See {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive $compileProvider.directive()}.
           */
          directive: invokeLater('$compileProvider', 'directive'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#config
           * @module ng
           * @param {Function} configFn Execute this function on module load. Useful for service
           *    configuration.
           * @description
           * Use this method to register work which needs to be performed on module loading.
           * For more about how to configure services, see
           * {@link providers#providers_provider-recipe Provider Recipe}.
           */
          config: config,

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#run
           * @module ng
           * @param {Function} initializationFn Execute this function after injector creation.
           *    Useful for application initialization.
           * @description
           * Use this method to register work which should be performed when the injector is done
           * loading all modules.
           */
          run: function(block) {
            runBlocks.push(block);
            return this;
          }
        };

        if (configFn) {
          config(configFn);
        }

        return  moduleInstance;

        /**
         * @param {string} provider
         * @param {string} method
         * @param {String=} insertMethod
         * @returns {angular.Module}
         */
        function invokeLater(provider, method, insertMethod) {
          return function() {
            invokeQueue[insertMethod || 'push']([provider, method, arguments]);
            return moduleInstance;
          };
        }
      });
    };
  });

}

/* global
    angularModule: true,
    version: true,

    $LocaleProvider,
    $CompileProvider,

    htmlAnchorDirective,
    inputDirective,
    inputDirective,
    formDirective,
    scriptDirective,
    selectDirective,
    styleDirective,
    optionDirective,
    ngBindDirective,
    ngBindHtmlDirective,
    ngBindTemplateDirective,
    ngClassDirective,
    ngClassEvenDirective,
    ngClassOddDirective,
    ngCspDirective,
    ngCloakDirective,
    ngControllerDirective,
    ngFormDirective,
    ngHideDirective,
    ngIfDirective,
    ngIncludeDirective,
    ngIncludeFillContentDirective,
    ngInitDirective,
    ngNonBindableDirective,
    ngPluralizeDirective,
    ngRepeatDirective,
    ngShowDirective,
    ngStyleDirective,
    ngSwitchDirective,
    ngSwitchWhenDirective,
    ngSwitchDefaultDirective,
    ngOptionsDirective,
    ngTranscludeDirective,
    ngModelDirective,
    ngListDirective,
    ngChangeDirective,
    requiredDirective,
    requiredDirective,
    ngValueDirective,
    ngAttributeAliasDirectives,
    ngEventDirectives,

    $AnchorScrollProvider,
    $AnimateProvider,
    $BrowserProvider,
    $CacheFactoryProvider,
    $ControllerProvider,
    $DocumentProvider,
    $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
    $FilterProvider,
    $InterpolateProvider,
    $IntervalProvider,
    $HttpProvider,
    $HttpBackendProvider,
    $LocationProvider,
    $LogProvider,
    $ParseProvider,
    $RootScopeProvider,
    $QProvider,
    $$SanitizeUriProvider,
    $SceProvider,
    $SceDelegateProvider,
    $SnifferProvider,
    $TemplateCacheProvider,
    $TimeoutProvider,
    $$RAFProvider,
    $$AsyncCallbackProvider,
    $WindowProvider
*/


/**
 * @ngdoc object
 * @name angular.version
 * @module ng
 * @description
 * An object that contains information about the current AngularJS version. This object has the
 * following properties:
 *
 * - `full` – `{string}` – Full version string, such as "0.9.18".
 * - `major` – `{number}` – Major version number, such as "0".
 * - `minor` – `{number}` – Minor version number, such as "9".
 * - `dot` – `{number}` – Dot version number, such as "18".
 * - `codeName` – `{string}` – Code name of the release, such as "jiggling-armfat".
 */
var version = {
  full: '1.2.19',    // all of these placeholder strings will be replaced by grunt's
  major: 1,    // package task
  minor: 2,
  dot: 19,
  codeName: 'precognitive-flashbacks'
};


function publishExternalAPI(angular){
  extend(angular, {
    'bootstrap': bootstrap,
    'copy': copy,
    'extend': extend,
    'equals': equals,
    'element': jqLite,
    'forEach': forEach,
    'injector': createInjector,
    'noop':noop,
    'bind':bind,
    'toJson': toJson,
    'fromJson': fromJson,
    'identity':identity,
    'isUndefined': isUndefined,
    'isDefined': isDefined,
    'isString': isString,
    'isFunction': isFunction,
    'isObject': isObject,
    'isNumber': isNumber,
    'isElement': isElement,
    'isArray': isArray,
    'version': version,
    'isDate': isDate,
    'lowercase': lowercase,
    'uppercase': uppercase,
    'callbacks': {counter: 0},
    '$$minErr': minErr,
    '$$csp': csp
  });

  angularModule = setupModuleLoader(window);
  try {
    angularModule('ngLocale');
  } catch (e) {
    angularModule('ngLocale', []).provider('$locale', $LocaleProvider);
  }

  angularModule('ng', ['ngLocale'], ['$provide',
    function ngModule($provide) {
      // $$sanitizeUriProvider needs to be before $compileProvider as it is used by it.
      $provide.provider({
        $$sanitizeUri: $$SanitizeUriProvider
      });
      $provide.provider('$compile', $CompileProvider).
        directive({
            a: htmlAnchorDirective,
            input: inputDirective,
            textarea: inputDirective,
            form: formDirective,
            script: scriptDirective,
            select: selectDirective,
            style: styleDirective,
            option: optionDirective,
            ngBind: ngBindDirective,
            ngBindHtml: ngBindHtmlDirective,
            ngBindTemplate: ngBindTemplateDirective,
            ngClass: ngClassDirective,
            ngClassEven: ngClassEvenDirective,
            ngClassOdd: ngClassOddDirective,
            ngCloak: ngCloakDirective,
            ngController: ngControllerDirective,
            ngForm: ngFormDirective,
            ngHide: ngHideDirective,
            ngIf: ngIfDirective,
            ngInclude: ngIncludeDirective,
            ngInit: ngInitDirective,
            ngNonBindable: ngNonBindableDirective,
            ngPluralize: ngPluralizeDirective,
            ngRepeat: ngRepeatDirective,
            ngShow: ngShowDirective,
            ngStyle: ngStyleDirective,
            ngSwitch: ngSwitchDirective,
            ngSwitchWhen: ngSwitchWhenDirective,
            ngSwitchDefault: ngSwitchDefaultDirective,
            ngOptions: ngOptionsDirective,
            ngTransclude: ngTranscludeDirective,
            ngModel: ngModelDirective,
            ngList: ngListDirective,
            ngChange: ngChangeDirective,
            required: requiredDirective,
            ngRequired: requiredDirective,
            ngValue: ngValueDirective
        }).
        directive({
          ngInclude: ngIncludeFillContentDirective
        }).
        directive(ngAttributeAliasDirectives).
        directive(ngEventDirectives);
      $provide.provider({
        $anchorScroll: $AnchorScrollProvider,
        $animate: $AnimateProvider,
        $browser: $BrowserProvider,
        $cacheFactory: $CacheFactoryProvider,
        $controller: $ControllerProvider,
        $document: $DocumentProvider,
        $exceptionHandler: $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
        $filter: $FilterProvider,
        $interpolate: $InterpolateProvider,
        $interval: $IntervalProvider,
        $http: $HttpProvider,
        $httpBackend: $HttpBackendProvider,
        $location: $LocationProvider,
        $log: $LogProvider,
        $parse: $ParseProvider,
        $rootScope: $RootScopeProvider,
        $q: $QProvider,
        $sce: $SceProvider,
        $sceDelegate: $SceDelegateProvider,
        $sniffer: $SnifferProvider,
        $templateCache: $TemplateCacheProvider,
        $timeout: $TimeoutProvider,
        $window: $WindowProvider,
        $$rAF: $$RAFProvider,
        $$asyncCallback : $$AsyncCallbackProvider
      });
    }
  ]);
}

/* global

  -JQLitePrototype,
  -addEventListenerFn,
  -removeEventListenerFn,
  -BOOLEAN_ATTR
*/

//////////////////////////////////
//JQLite
//////////////////////////////////

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.element
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Wraps a raw DOM element or HTML string as a [jQuery](http://jquery.com) element.
 *
 * If jQuery is available, `angular.element` is an alias for the
 * [jQuery](http://api.jquery.com/jQuery/) function. If jQuery is not available, `angular.element`
 * delegates to Angular's built-in subset of jQuery, called "jQuery lite" or "jqLite."
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-success">jqLite is a tiny, API-compatible subset of jQuery that allows
 * Angular to manipulate the DOM in a cross-browser compatible way. **jqLite** implements only the most
 * commonly needed functionality with the goal of having a very small footprint.</div>
 *
 * To use jQuery, simply load it before `DOMContentLoaded` event fired.
 *
 * <div class="alert">**Note:** all element references in Angular are always wrapped with jQuery or
 * jqLite; they are never raw DOM references.</div>
 *
 * ## Angular's jqLite
 * jqLite provides only the following jQuery methods:
 *
 * - [`addClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/addClass/)
 * - [`after()`](http://api.jquery.com/after/)
 * - [`append()`](http://api.jquery.com/append/)
 * - [`attr()`](http://api.jquery.com/attr/)
 * - [`bind()`](http://api.jquery.com/bind/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
 * - [`children()`](http://api.jquery.com/children/) - Does not support selectors
 * - [`clone()`](http://api.jquery.com/clone/)
 * - [`contents()`](http://api.jquery.com/contents/)
 * - [`css()`](http://api.jquery.com/css/)
 * - [`data()`](http://api.jquery.com/data/)
 * - [`empty()`](http://api.jquery.com/empty/)
 * - [`eq()`](http://api.jquery.com/eq/)
 * - [`find()`](http://api.jquery.com/find/) - Limited to lookups by tag name
 * - [`hasClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/hasClass/)
 * - [`html()`](http://api.jquery.com/html/)
 * - [`next()`](http://api.jquery.com/next/) - Does not support selectors
 * - [`on()`](http://api.jquery.com/on/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
 * - [`off()`](http://api.jquery.com/off/) - Does not support namespaces or selectors
 * - [`one()`](http://api.jquery.com/one/) - Does not support namespaces or selectors
 * - [`parent()`](http://api.jquery.com/parent/) - Does not support selectors
 * - [`prepend()`](http://api.jquery.com/prepend/)
 * - [`prop()`](http://api.jquery.com/prop/)
 * - [`ready()`](http://api.jquery.com/ready/)
 * - [`remove()`](http://api.jquery.com/remove/)
 * - [`removeAttr()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeAttr/)
 * - [`removeClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeClass/)
 * - [`removeData()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeData/)
 * - [`replaceWith()`](http://api.jquery.com/replaceWith/)
 * - [`text()`](http://api.jquery.com/text/)
 * - [`toggleClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/toggleClass/)
 * - [`triggerHandler()`](http://api.jquery.com/triggerHandler/) - Passes a dummy event object to handlers.
 * - [`unbind()`](http://api.jquery.com/unbind/) - Does not support namespaces
 * - [`val()`](http://api.jquery.com/val/)
 * - [`wrap()`](http://api.jquery.com/wrap/)
 *
 * ## jQuery/jqLite Extras
 * Angular also provides the following additional methods and events to both jQuery and jqLite:
 *
 * ### Events
 * - `$destroy` - AngularJS intercepts all jqLite/jQuery's DOM destruction apis and fires this event
 *    on all DOM nodes being removed.  This can be used to clean up any 3rd party bindings to the DOM
 *    element before it is removed.
 *
 * ### Methods
 * - `controller(name)` - retrieves the controller of the current element or its parent. By default
 *   retrieves controller associated with the `ngController` directive. If `name` is provided as
 *   camelCase directive name, then the controller for this directive will be retrieved (e.g.
 *   `'ngModel'`).
 * - `injector()` - retrieves the injector of the current element or its parent.
 * - `scope()` - retrieves the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope} of the current
 *   element or its parent.
 * - `isolateScope()` - retrieves an isolate {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope} if one is attached directly to the
 *   current element. This getter should be used only on elements that contain a directive which starts a new isolate
 *   scope. Calling `scope()` on this element always returns the original non-isolate scope.
 * - `inheritedData()` - same as `data()`, but walks up the DOM until a value is found or the top
 *   parent element is reached.
 *
 * @param {string|DOMElement} element HTML string or DOMElement to be wrapped into jQuery.
 * @returns {Object} jQuery object.
 */

JQLite.expando = 'ng339';

var jqCache = JQLite.cache = {},
    jqId = 1,
    addEventListenerFn = (window.document.addEventListener
      ? function(element, type, fn) {element.addEventListener(type, fn, false);}
      : function(element, type, fn) {element.attachEvent('on' + type, fn);}),
    removeEventListenerFn = (window.document.removeEventListener
      ? function(element, type, fn) {element.removeEventListener(type, fn, false); }
      : function(element, type, fn) {element.detachEvent('on' + type, fn); });

/*
 * !!! This is an undocumented "private" function !!!
 */
var jqData = JQLite._data = function(node) {
  //jQuery always returns an object on cache miss
  return this.cache[node[this.expando]] || {};
};

function jqNextId() { return ++jqId; }


var SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP = /([\:\-\_]+(.))/g;
var MOZ_HACK_REGEXP = /^moz([A-Z])/;
var jqLiteMinErr = minErr('jqLite');

/**
 * Converts snake_case to camelCase.
 * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
 * @param name Name to normalize
 */
function camelCase(name) {
  return name.
    replace(SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP, function(_, separator, letter, offset) {
      return offset ? letter.toUpperCase() : letter;
    }).
    replace(MOZ_HACK_REGEXP, 'Moz$1');
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////
// jQuery mutation patch
//
// In conjunction with bindJQuery intercepts all jQuery's DOM destruction apis and fires a
// $destroy event on all DOM nodes being removed.
//
/////////////////////////////////////////////

function jqLitePatchJQueryRemove(name, dispatchThis, filterElems, getterIfNoArguments) {
  var originalJqFn = jQuery.fn[name];
  originalJqFn = originalJqFn.$original || originalJqFn;
  removePatch.$original = originalJqFn;
  jQuery.fn[name] = removePatch;

  function removePatch(param) {
    // jshint -W040
    var list = filterElems && param ? [this.filter(param)] : [this],
        fireEvent = dispatchThis,
        set, setIndex, setLength,
        element, childIndex, childLength, children;

    if (!getterIfNoArguments || param != null) {
      while(list.length) {
        set = list.shift();
        for(setIndex = 0, setLength = set.length; setIndex < setLength; setIndex++) {
          element = jqLite(set[setIndex]);
          if (fireEvent) {
            element.triggerHandler('$destroy');
          } else {
            fireEvent = !fireEvent;
          }
          for(childIndex = 0, childLength = (children = element.children()).length;
              childIndex < childLength;
              childIndex++) {
            list.push(jQuery(children[childIndex]));
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return originalJqFn.apply(this, arguments);
  }
}

var SINGLE_TAG_REGEXP = /^<(\w+)\s*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/;
var HTML_REGEXP = /<|&#?\w+;/;
var TAG_NAME_REGEXP = /<([\w:]+)/;
var XHTML_TAG_REGEXP = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([\w:]+)[^>]*)\/>/gi;

var wrapMap = {
  'option': [1, '<select multiple="multiple">', '</select>'],

  'thead': [1, '<table>', '</table>'],
  'col': [2, '<table><colgroup>', '</colgroup></table>'],
  'tr': [2, '<table><tbody>', '</tbody></table>'],
  'td': [3, '<table><tbody><tr>', '</tr></tbody></table>'],
  '_default': [0, "", ""]
};

wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option;
wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead;
wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td;

function jqLiteIsTextNode(html) {
  return !HTML_REGEXP.test(html);
}

function jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context) {
  var elem, tmp, tag, wrap,
      fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(),
      nodes = [], i, j, jj;

  if (jqLiteIsTextNode(html)) {
    // Convert non-html into a text node
    nodes.push(context.createTextNode(html));
  } else {
    tmp = fragment.appendChild(context.createElement('div'));
    // Convert html into DOM nodes
    tag = (TAG_NAME_REGEXP.exec(html) || ["", ""])[1].toLowerCase();
    wrap = wrapMap[tag] || wrapMap._default;
    tmp.innerHTML = '<div>&#160;</div>' +
      wrap[1] + html.replace(XHTML_TAG_REGEXP, "<$1></$2>") + wrap[2];
    tmp.removeChild(tmp.firstChild);

    // Descend through wrappers to the right content
    i = wrap[0];
    while (i--) {
      tmp = tmp.lastChild;
    }

    for (j=0, jj=tmp.childNodes.length; j<jj; ++j) nodes.push(tmp.childNodes[j]);

    tmp = fragment.firstChild;
    tmp.textContent = "";
  }

  // Remove wrapper from fragment
  fragment.textContent = "";
  fragment.innerHTML = ""; // Clear inner HTML
  return nodes;
}

function jqLiteParseHTML(html, context) {
  context = context || document;
  var parsed;

  if ((parsed = SINGLE_TAG_REGEXP.exec(html))) {
    return [context.createElement(parsed[1])];
  }

  return jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context);
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////
function JQLite(element) {
  if (element instanceof JQLite) {
    return element;
  }
  if (isString(element)) {
    element = trim(element);
  }
  if (!(this instanceof JQLite)) {
    if (isString(element) && element.charAt(0) != '<') {
      throw jqLiteMinErr('nosel', 'Looking up elements via selectors is not supported by jqLite! See: http://docs.angularjs.org/api/angular.element');
    }
    return new JQLite(element);
  }

  if (isString(element)) {
    jqLiteAddNodes(this, jqLiteParseHTML(element));
    var fragment = jqLite(document.createDocumentFragment());
    fragment.append(this);
  } else {
    jqLiteAddNodes(this, element);
  }
}

function jqLiteClone(element) {
  return element.cloneNode(true);
}

function jqLiteDealoc(element){
  jqLiteRemoveData(element);
  for ( var i = 0, children = element.childNodes || []; i < children.length; i++) {
    jqLiteDealoc(children[i]);
  }
}

function jqLiteOff(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
  if (isDefined(unsupported)) throw jqLiteMinErr('offargs', 'jqLite#off() does not support the `selector` argument');

  var events = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'events'),
      handle = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'handle');

  if (!handle) return; //no listeners registered

  if (isUndefined(type)) {
    forEach(events, function(eventHandler, type) {
      removeEventListenerFn(element, type, eventHandler);
      delete events[type];
    });
  } else {
    forEach(type.split(' '), function(type) {
      if (isUndefined(fn)) {
        removeEventListenerFn(element, type, events[type]);
        delete events[type];
      } else {
        arrayRemove(events[type] || [], fn);
      }
    });
  }
}

function jqLiteRemoveData(element, name) {
  var expandoId = element.ng339,
      expandoStore = jqCache[expandoId];

  if (expandoStore) {
    if (name) {
      delete jqCache[expandoId].data[name];
      return;
    }

    if (expandoStore.handle) {
      expandoStore.events.$destroy && expandoStore.handle({}, '$destroy');
      jqLiteOff(element);
    }
    delete jqCache[expandoId];
    element.ng339 = undefined; // don't delete DOM expandos. IE and Chrome don't like it
  }
}

function jqLiteExpandoStore(element, key, value) {
  var expandoId = element.ng339,
      expandoStore = jqCache[expandoId || -1];

  if (isDefined(value)) {
    if (!expandoStore) {
      element.ng339 = expandoId = jqNextId();
      expandoStore = jqCache[expandoId] = {};
    }
    expandoStore[key] = value;
  } else {
    return expandoStore && expandoStore[key];
  }
}

function jqLiteData(element, key, value) {
  var data = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'data'),
      isSetter = isDefined(value),
      keyDefined = !isSetter && isDefined(key),
      isSimpleGetter = keyDefined && !isObject(key);

  if (!data && !isSimpleGetter) {
    jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'data', data = {});
  }

  if (isSetter) {
    data[key] = value;
  } else {
    if (keyDefined) {
      if (isSimpleGetter) {
        // don't create data in this case.
        return data && data[key];
      } else {
        extend(data, key);
      }
    } else {
      return data;
    }
  }
}

function jqLiteHasClass(element, selector) {
  if (!element.getAttribute) return false;
  return ((" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ").replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ").
      indexOf( " " + selector + " " ) > -1);
}

function jqLiteRemoveClass(element, cssClasses) {
  if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
    forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
      element.setAttribute('class', trim(
          (" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ")
          .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ")
          .replace(" " + trim(cssClass) + " ", " "))
      );
    });
  }
}

function jqLiteAddClass(element, cssClasses) {
  if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
    var existingClasses = (' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ')
                            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ");

    forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
      cssClass = trim(cssClass);
      if (existingClasses.indexOf(' ' + cssClass + ' ') === -1) {
        existingClasses += cssClass + ' ';
      }
    });

    element.setAttribute('class', trim(existingClasses));
  }
}

function jqLiteAddNodes(root, elements) {
  if (elements) {
    elements = (!elements.nodeName && isDefined(elements.length) && !isWindow(elements))
      ? elements
      : [ elements ];
    for(var i=0; i < elements.length; i++) {
      root.push(elements[i]);
    }
  }
}

function jqLiteController(element, name) {
  return jqLiteInheritedData(element, '$' + (name || 'ngController' ) + 'Controller');
}

function jqLiteInheritedData(element, name, value) {
  element = jqLite(element);

  // if element is the document object work with the html element instead
  // this makes $(document).scope() possible
  if(element[0].nodeType == 9) {
    element = element.find('html');
  }
  var names = isArray(name) ? name : [name];

  while (element.length) {
    var node = element[0];
    for (var i = 0, ii = names.length; i < ii; i++) {
      if ((value = element.data(names[i])) !== undefined) return value;
    }

    // If dealing with a document fragment node with a host element, and no parent, use the host
    // element as the parent. This enables directives within a Shadow DOM or polyfilled Shadow DOM
    // to lookup parent controllers.
    element = jqLite(node.parentNode || (node.nodeType === 11 && node.host));
  }
}

function jqLiteEmpty(element) {
  for (var i = 0, childNodes = element.childNodes; i < childNodes.length; i++) {
    jqLiteDealoc(childNodes[i]);
  }
  while (element.firstChild) {
    element.removeChild(element.firstChild);
  }
}

//////////////////////////////////////////
// Functions which are declared directly.
//////////////////////////////////////////
var JQLitePrototype = JQLite.prototype = {
  ready: function(fn) {
    var fired = false;

    function trigger() {
      if (fired) return;
      fired = true;
      fn();
    }

    // check if document already is loaded
    if (document.readyState === 'complete'){
      setTimeout(trigger);
    } else {
      this.on('DOMContentLoaded', trigger); // works for modern browsers and IE9
      // we can not use jqLite since we are not done loading and jQuery could be loaded later.
      // jshint -W064
      JQLite(window).on('load', trigger); // fallback to window.onload for others
      // jshint +W064
    }
  },
  toString: function() {
    var value = [];
    forEach(this, function(e){ value.push('' + e);});
    return '[' + value.join(', ') + ']';
  },

  eq: function(index) {
      return (index >= 0) ? jqLite(this[index]) : jqLite(this[this.length + index]);
  },

  length: 0,
  push: push,
  sort: [].sort,
  splice: [].splice
};

//////////////////////////////////////////
// Functions iterating getter/setters.
// these functions return self on setter and
// value on get.
//////////////////////////////////////////
var BOOLEAN_ATTR = {};
forEach('multiple,selected,checked,disabled,readOnly,required,open'.split(','), function(value) {
  BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercase(value)] = value;
});
var BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS = {};
forEach('input,select,option,textarea,button,form,details'.split(','), function(value) {
  BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS[uppercase(value)] = true;
});

function getBooleanAttrName(element, name) {
  // check dom last since we will most likely fail on name
  var booleanAttr = BOOLEAN_ATTR[name.toLowerCase()];

  // booleanAttr is here twice to minimize DOM access
  return booleanAttr && BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS[element.nodeName] && booleanAttr;
}

forEach({
  data: jqLiteData,
  inheritedData: jqLiteInheritedData,

  scope: function(element) {
    // Can't use jqLiteData here directly so we stay compatible with jQuery!
    return jqLite(element).data('$scope') || jqLiteInheritedData(element.parentNode || element, ['$isolateScope', '$scope']);
  },

  isolateScope: function(element) {
    // Can't use jqLiteData here directly so we stay compatible with jQuery!
    return jqLite(element).data('$isolateScope') || jqLite(element).data('$isolateScopeNoTemplate');
  },

  controller: jqLiteController,

  injector: function(element) {
    return jqLiteInheritedData(element, '$injector');
  },

  removeAttr: function(element,name) {
    element.removeAttribute(name);
  },

  hasClass: jqLiteHasClass,

  css: function(element, name, value) {
    name = camelCase(name);

    if (isDefined(value)) {
      element.style[name] = value;
    } else {
      var val;

      if (msie <= 8) {
        // this is some IE specific weirdness that jQuery 1.6.4 does not sure why
        val = element.currentStyle && element.currentStyle[name];
        if (val === '') val = 'auto';
      }

      val = val || element.style[name];

      if (msie <= 8) {
        // jquery weirdness :-/
        val = (val === '') ? undefined : val;
      }

      return  val;
    }
  },

  attr: function(element, name, value){
    var lowercasedName = lowercase(name);
    if (BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercasedName]) {
      if (isDefined(value)) {
        if (!!value) {
          element[name] = true;
          element.setAttribute(name, lowercasedName);
        } else {
          element[name] = false;
          element.removeAttribute(lowercasedName);
        }
      } else {
        return (element[name] ||
                 (element.attributes.getNamedItem(name)|| noop).specified)
               ? lowercasedName
               : undefined;
      }
    } else if (isDefined(value)) {
      element.setAttribute(name, value);
    } else if (element.getAttribute) {
      // the extra argument "2" is to get the right thing for a.href in IE, see jQuery code
      // some elements (e.g. Document) don't have get attribute, so return undefined
      var ret = element.getAttribute(name, 2);
      // normalize non-existing attributes to undefined (as jQuery)
      return ret === null ? undefined : ret;
    }
  },

  prop: function(element, name, value) {
    if (isDefined(value)) {
      element[name] = value;
    } else {
      return element[name];
    }
  },

  text: (function() {
    var NODE_TYPE_TEXT_PROPERTY = [];
    if (msie < 9) {
      NODE_TYPE_TEXT_PROPERTY[1] = 'innerText';    /** Element **/
      NODE_TYPE_TEXT_PROPERTY[3] = 'nodeValue';    /** Text **/
    } else {
      NODE_TYPE_TEXT_PROPERTY[1] =                 /** Element **/
      NODE_TYPE_TEXT_PROPERTY[3] = 'textContent';  /** Text **/
    }
    getText.$dv = '';
    return getText;

    function getText(element, value) {
      var textProp = NODE_TYPE_TEXT_PROPERTY[element.nodeType];
      if (isUndefined(value)) {
        return textProp ? element[textProp] : '';
      }
      element[textProp] = value;
    }
  })(),

  val: function(element, value) {
    if (isUndefined(value)) {
      if (nodeName_(element) === 'SELECT' && element.multiple) {
        var result = [];
        forEach(element.options, function (option) {
          if (option.selected) {
            result.push(option.value || option.text);
          }
        });
        return result.length === 0 ? null : result;
      }
      return element.value;
    }
    element.value = value;
  },

  html: function(element, value) {
    if (isUndefined(value)) {
      return element.innerHTML;
    }
    for (var i = 0, childNodes = element.childNodes; i < childNodes.length; i++) {
      jqLiteDealoc(childNodes[i]);
    }
    element.innerHTML = value;
  },

  empty: jqLiteEmpty
}, function(fn, name){
  /**
   * Properties: writes return selection, reads return first value
   */
  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2) {
    var i, key;
    var nodeCount = this.length;

    // jqLiteHasClass has only two arguments, but is a getter-only fn, so we need to special-case it
    // in a way that survives minification.
    // jqLiteEmpty takes no arguments but is a setter.
    if (fn !== jqLiteEmpty &&
        (((fn.length == 2 && (fn !== jqLiteHasClass && fn !== jqLiteController)) ? arg1 : arg2) === undefined)) {
      if (isObject(arg1)) {

        // we are a write, but the object properties are the key/values
        for (i = 0; i < nodeCount; i++) {
          if (fn === jqLiteData) {
            // data() takes the whole object in jQuery
            fn(this[i], arg1);
          } else {
            for (key in arg1) {
              fn(this[i], key, arg1[key]);
            }
          }
        }
        // return self for chaining
        return this;
      } else {
        // we are a read, so read the first child.
        // TODO: do we still need this?
        var value = fn.$dv;
        // Only if we have $dv do we iterate over all, otherwise it is just the first element.
        var jj = (value === undefined) ? Math.min(nodeCount, 1) : nodeCount;
        for (var j = 0; j < jj; j++) {
          var nodeValue = fn(this[j], arg1, arg2);
          value = value ? value + nodeValue : nodeValue;
        }
        return value;
      }
    } else {
      // we are a write, so apply to all children
      for (i = 0; i < nodeCount; i++) {
        fn(this[i], arg1, arg2);
      }
      // return self for chaining
      return this;
    }
  };
});

function createEventHandler(element, events) {
  var eventHandler = function (event, type) {
    if (!event.preventDefault) {
      event.preventDefault = function() {
        event.returnValue = false; //ie
      };
    }

    if (!event.stopPropagation) {
      event.stopPropagation = function() {
        event.cancelBubble = true; //ie
      };
    }

    if (!event.target) {
      event.target = event.srcElement || document;
    }

    if (isUndefined(event.defaultPrevented)) {
      var prevent = event.preventDefault;
      event.preventDefault = function() {
        event.defaultPrevented = true;
        prevent.call(event);
      };
      event.defaultPrevented = false;
    }

    event.isDefaultPrevented = function() {
      return event.defaultPrevented || event.returnValue === false;
    };

    // Copy event handlers in case event handlers array is modified during execution.
    var eventHandlersCopy = shallowCopy(events[type || event.type] || []);

    forEach(eventHandlersCopy, function(fn) {
      fn.call(element, event);
    });

    // Remove monkey-patched methods (IE),
    // as they would cause memory leaks in IE8.
    if (msie <= 8) {
      // IE7/8 does not allow to delete property on native object
      event.preventDefault = null;
      event.stopPropagation = null;
      event.isDefaultPrevented = null;
    } else {
      // It shouldn't affect normal browsers (native methods are defined on prototype).
      delete event.preventDefault;
      delete event.stopPropagation;
      delete event.isDefaultPrevented;
    }
  };
  eventHandler.elem = element;
  return eventHandler;
}

//////////////////////////////////////////
// Functions iterating traversal.
// These functions chain results into a single
// selector.
//////////////////////////////////////////
forEach({
  removeData: jqLiteRemoveData,

  dealoc: jqLiteDealoc,

  on: function onFn(element, type, fn, unsupported){
    if (isDefined(unsupported)) throw jqLiteMinErr('onargs', 'jqLite#on() does not support the `selector` or `eventData` parameters');

    var events = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'events'),
        handle = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'handle');

    if (!events) jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'events', events = {});
    if (!handle) jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'handle', handle = createEventHandler(element, events));

    forEach(type.split(' '), function(type){
      var eventFns = events[type];

      if (!eventFns) {
        if (type == 'mouseenter' || type == 'mouseleave') {
          var contains = document.body.contains || document.body.compareDocumentPosition ?
          function( a, b ) {
            // jshint bitwise: false
            var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a,
            bup = b && b.parentNode;
            return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && (
              adown.contains ?
              adown.contains( bup ) :
              a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16
              ));
            } :
            function( a, b ) {
              if ( b ) {
                while ( (b = b.parentNode) ) {
                  if ( b === a ) {
                    return true;
                  }
                }
              }
              return false;
            };

          events[type] = [];

          // Refer to jQuery's implementation of mouseenter & mouseleave
          // Read about mouseenter and mouseleave:
          // http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_mouse.html#link8
          var eventmap = { mouseleave : "mouseout", mouseenter : "mouseover"};

          onFn(element, eventmap[type], function(event) {
            var target = this, related = event.relatedTarget;
            // For mousenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target.
            // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window
            if ( !related || (related !== target && !contains(target, related)) ){
              handle(event, type);
            }
          });

        } else {
          addEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
          events[type] = [];
        }
        eventFns = events[type];
      }
      eventFns.push(fn);
    });
  },

  off: jqLiteOff,

  one: function(element, type, fn) {
    element = jqLite(element);

    //add the listener twice so that when it is called
    //you can remove the original function and still be
    //able to call element.off(ev, fn) normally
    element.on(type, function onFn() {
      element.off(type, fn);
      element.off(type, onFn);
    });
    element.on(type, fn);
  },

  replaceWith: function(element, replaceNode) {
    var index, parent = element.parentNode;
    jqLiteDealoc(element);
    forEach(new JQLite(replaceNode), function(node){
      if (index) {
        parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
      } else {
        parent.replaceChild(node, element);
      }
      index = node;
    });
  },

  children: function(element) {
    var children = [];
    forEach(element.childNodes, function(element){
      if (element.nodeType === 1)
        children.push(element);
    });
    return children;
  },

  contents: function(element) {
    return element.contentDocument || element.childNodes || [];
  },

  append: function(element, node) {
    forEach(new JQLite(node), function(child){
      if (element.nodeType === 1 || element.nodeType === 11) {
        element.appendChild(child);
      }
    });
  },

  prepend: function(element, node) {
    if (element.nodeType === 1) {
      var index = element.firstChild;
      forEach(new JQLite(node), function(child){
        element.insertBefore(child, index);
      });
    }
  },

  wrap: function(element, wrapNode) {
    wrapNode = jqLite(wrapNode)[0];
    var parent = element.parentNode;
    if (parent) {
      parent.replaceChild(wrapNode, element);
    }
    wrapNode.appendChild(element);
  },

  remove: function(element) {
    jqLiteDealoc(element);
    var parent = element.parentNode;
    if (parent) parent.removeChild(element);
  },

  after: function(element, newElement) {
    var index = element, parent = element.parentNode;
    forEach(new JQLite(newElement), function(node){
      parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
      index = node;
    });
  },

  addClass: jqLiteAddClass,
  removeClass: jqLiteRemoveClass,

  toggleClass: function(element, selector, condition) {
    if (selector) {
      forEach(selector.split(' '), function(className){
        var classCondition = condition;
        if (isUndefined(classCondition)) {
          classCondition = !jqLiteHasClass(element, className);
        }
        (classCondition ? jqLiteAddClass : jqLiteRemoveClass)(element, className);
      });
    }
  },

  parent: function(element) {
    var parent = element.parentNode;
    return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null;
  },

  next: function(element) {
    if (element.nextElementSibling) {
      return element.nextElementSibling;
    }

    // IE8 doesn't have nextElementSibling
    var elm = element.nextSibling;
    while (elm != null && elm.nodeType !== 1) {
      elm = elm.nextSibling;
    }
    return elm;
  },

  find: function(element, selector) {
    if (element.getElementsByTagName) {
      return element.getElementsByTagName(selector);
    } else {
      return [];
    }
  },

  clone: jqLiteClone,

  triggerHandler: function(element, eventName, eventData) {
    var eventFns = (jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'events') || {})[eventName];

    eventData = eventData || [];

    var event = [{
      preventDefault: noop,
      stopPropagation: noop
    }];

    forEach(eventFns, function(fn) {
      fn.apply(element, event.concat(eventData));
    });
  }
}, function(fn, name){
  /**
   * chaining functions
   */
  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2, arg3) {
    var value;
    for(var i=0; i < this.length; i++) {
      if (isUndefined(value)) {
        value = fn(this[i], arg1, arg2, arg3);
        if (isDefined(value)) {
          // any function which returns a value needs to be wrapped
          value = jqLite(value);
        }
      } else {
        jqLiteAddNodes(value, fn(this[i], arg1, arg2, arg3));
      }
    }
    return isDefined(value) ? value : this;
  };

  // bind legacy bind/unbind to on/off
  JQLite.prototype.bind = JQLite.prototype.on;
  JQLite.prototype.unbind = JQLite.prototype.off;
});

/**
 * Computes a hash of an 'obj'.
 * Hash of a:
 *  string is string
 *  number is number as string
 *  object is either result of calling $$hashKey function on the object or uniquely generated id,
 *         that is also assigned to the $$hashKey property of the object.
 *
 * @param obj
 * @returns {string} hash string such that the same input will have the same hash string.
 *         The resulting string key is in 'type:hashKey' format.
 */
function hashKey(obj, nextUidFn) {
  var objType = typeof obj,
      key;

  if (objType == 'function' || (objType == 'object' && obj !== null)) {
    if (typeof (key = obj.$$hashKey) == 'function') {
      // must invoke on object to keep the right this
      key = obj.$$hashKey();
    } else if (key === undefined) {
      key = obj.$$hashKey = (nextUidFn || nextUid)();
    }
  } else {
    key = obj;
  }

  return objType + ':' + key;
}

/**
 * HashMap which can use objects as keys
 */
function HashMap(array, isolatedUid) {
  if (isolatedUid) {
    var uid = 0;
    this.nextUid = function() {
      return ++uid;
    };
  }
  forEach(array, this.put, this);
}
HashMap.prototype = {
  /**
   * Store key value pair
   * @param key key to store can be any type
   * @param value value to store can be any type
   */
  put: function(key, value) {
    this[hashKey(key, this.nextUid)] = value;
  },

  /**
   * @param key
   * @returns {Object} the value for the key
   */
  get: function(key) {
    return this[hashKey(key, this.nextUid)];
  },

  /**
   * Remove the key/value pair
   * @param key
   */
  remove: function(key) {
    var value = this[key = hashKey(key, this.nextUid)];
    delete this[key];
    return value;
  }
};

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @module ng
 * @name angular.injector
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Creates an injector function that can be used for retrieving services as well as for
 * dependency injection (see {@link guide/di dependency injection}).
 *

 * @param {Array.<string|Function>} modules A list of module functions or their aliases. See
 *        {@link angular.module}. The `ng` module must be explicitly added.
 * @returns {function()} Injector function. See {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
 *
 * @example
 * Typical usage
 * ```js
 *   // create an injector
 *   var $injector = angular.injector(['ng']);
 *
 *   // use the injector to kick off your application
 *   // use the type inference to auto inject arguments, or use implicit injection
 *   $injector.invoke(function($rootScope, $compile, $document){
 *     $compile($document)($rootScope);
 *     $rootScope.$digest();
 *   });
 * ```
 *
 * Sometimes you want to get access to the injector of a currently running Angular app
 * from outside Angular. Perhaps, you want to inject and compile some markup after the
 * application has been bootstrapped. You can do this using the extra `injector()` added
 * to JQuery/jqLite elements. See {@link angular.element}.
 *
 * *This is fairly rare but could be the case if a third party library is injecting the
 * markup.*
 *
 * In the following example a new block of HTML containing a `ng-controller`
 * directive is added to the end of the document body by JQuery. We then compile and link
 * it into the current AngularJS scope.
 *
 * ```js
 * var $div = $('<div ng-controller="MyCtrl">{{content.label}}</div>');
 * $(document.body).append($div);
 *
 * angular.element(document).injector().invoke(function($compile) {
 *   var scope = angular.element($div).scope();
 *   $compile($div)(scope);
 * });
 * ```
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc module
 * @name auto
 * @description
 *
 * Implicit module which gets automatically added to each {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
 */

var FN_ARGS = /^function\s*[^\(]*\(\s*([^\)]*)\)/m;
var FN_ARG_SPLIT = /,/;
var FN_ARG = /^\s*(_?)(\S+?)\1\s*$/;
var STRIP_COMMENTS = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;
var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
function annotate(fn) {
  var $inject,
      fnText,
      argDecl,
      last;

  if (typeof fn === 'function') {
    if (!($inject = fn.$inject)) {
      $inject = [];
      if (fn.length) {
        fnText = fn.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, '');
        argDecl = fnText.match(FN_ARGS);
        forEach(argDecl[1].split(FN_ARG_SPLIT), function(arg){
          arg.replace(FN_ARG, function(all, underscore, name){
            $inject.push(name);
          });
        });
      }
      fn.$inject = $inject;
    }
  } else if (isArray(fn)) {
    last = fn.length - 1;
    assertArgFn(fn[last], 'fn');
    $inject = fn.slice(0, last);
  } else {
    assertArgFn(fn, 'fn', true);
  }
  return $inject;
}

///////////////////////////////////////

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $injector
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *
 * `$injector` is used to retrieve object instances as defined by
 * {@link auto.$provide provider}, instantiate types, invoke methods,
 * and load modules.
 *
 * The following always holds true:
 *
 * ```js
 *   var $injector = angular.injector();
 *   expect($injector.get('$injector')).toBe($injector);
 *   expect($injector.invoke(function($injector){
 *     return $injector;
 *   }).toBe($injector);
 * ```
 *
 * # Injection Function Annotation
 *
 * JavaScript does not have annotations, and annotations are needed for dependency injection. The
 * following are all valid ways of annotating function with injection arguments and are equivalent.
 *
 * ```js
 *   // inferred (only works if code not minified/obfuscated)
 *   $injector.invoke(function(serviceA){});
 *
 *   // annotated
 *   function explicit(serviceA) {};
 *   explicit.$inject = ['serviceA'];
 *   $injector.invoke(explicit);
 *
 *   // inline
 *   $injector.invoke(['serviceA', function(serviceA){}]);
 * ```
 *
 * ## Inference
 *
 * In JavaScript calling `toString()` on a function returns the function definition. The definition
 * can then be parsed and the function arguments can be extracted. *NOTE:* This does not work with
 * minification, and obfuscation tools since these tools change the argument names.
 *
 * ## `$inject` Annotation
 * By adding an `$inject` property onto a function the injection parameters can be specified.
 *
 * ## Inline
 * As an array of injection names, where the last item in the array is the function to call.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $injector#get
 *
 * @description
 * Return an instance of the service.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the instance to retrieve.
 * @return {*} The instance.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $injector#invoke
 *
 * @description
 * Invoke the method and supply the method arguments from the `$injector`.
 *
 * @param {!Function} fn The function to invoke. Function parameters are injected according to the
 *   {@link guide/di $inject Annotation} rules.
 * @param {Object=} self The `this` for the invoked method.
 * @param {Object=} locals Optional object. If preset then any argument names are read from this
 *                         object first, before the `$injector` is consulted.
 * @returns {*} the value returned by the invoked `fn` function.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $injector#has
 *
 * @description
 * Allows the user to query if the particular service exists.
 *
 * @param {string} Name of the service to query.
 * @returns {boolean} returns true if injector has given service.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $injector#instantiate
 * @description
 * Create a new instance of JS type. The method takes a constructor function, invokes the new
 * operator, and supplies all of the arguments to the constructor function as specified by the
 * constructor annotation.
 *
 * @param {Function} Type Annotated constructor function.
 * @param {Object=} locals Optional object. If preset then any argument names are read from this
 * object first, before the `$injector` is consulted.
 * @returns {Object} new instance of `Type`.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $injector#annotate
 *
 * @description
 * Returns an array of service names which the function is requesting for injection. This API is
 * used by the injector to determine which services need to be injected into the function when the
 * function is invoked. There are three ways in which the function can be annotated with the needed
 * dependencies.
 *
 * # Argument names
 *
 * The simplest form is to extract the dependencies from the arguments of the function. This is done
 * by converting the function into a string using `toString()` method and extracting the argument
 * names.
 * ```js
 *   // Given
 *   function MyController($scope, $route) {
 *     // ...
 *   }
 *
 *   // Then
 *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
 * ```
 *
 * This method does not work with code minification / obfuscation. For this reason the following
 * annotation strategies are supported.
 *
 * # The `$inject` property
 *
 * If a function has an `$inject` property and its value is an array of strings, then the strings
 * represent names of services to be injected into the function.
 * ```js
 *   // Given
 *   var MyController = function(obfuscatedScope, obfuscatedRoute) {
 *     // ...
 *   }
 *   // Define function dependencies
 *   MyController['$inject'] = ['$scope', '$route'];
 *
 *   // Then
 *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
 * ```
 *
 * # The array notation
 *
 * It is often desirable to inline Injected functions and that's when setting the `$inject` property
 * is very inconvenient. In these situations using the array notation to specify the dependencies in
 * a way that survives minification is a better choice:
 *
 * ```js
 *   // We wish to write this (not minification / obfuscation safe)
 *   injector.invoke(function($compile, $rootScope) {
 *     // ...
 *   });
 *
 *   // We are forced to write break inlining
 *   var tmpFn = function(obfuscatedCompile, obfuscatedRootScope) {
 *     // ...
 *   };
 *   tmpFn.$inject = ['$compile', '$rootScope'];
 *   injector.invoke(tmpFn);
 *
 *   // To better support inline function the inline annotation is supported
 *   injector.invoke(['$compile', '$rootScope', function(obfCompile, obfRootScope) {
 *     // ...
 *   }]);
 *
 *   // Therefore
 *   expect(injector.annotate(
 *      ['$compile', '$rootScope', function(obfus_$compile, obfus_$rootScope) {}])
 *    ).toEqual(['$compile', '$rootScope']);
 * ```
 *
 * @param {Function|Array.<string|Function>} fn Function for which dependent service names need to
 * be retrieved as described above.
 *
 * @returns {Array.<string>} The names of the services which the function requires.
 */




/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $provide
 *
 * @description
 *
 * The {@link auto.$provide $provide} service has a number of methods for registering components
 * with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Many of these functions are also exposed on
 * {@link angular.Module}.
 *
 * An Angular **service** is a singleton object created by a **service factory**.  These **service
 * factories** are functions which, in turn, are created by a **service provider**.
 * The **service providers** are constructor functions. When instantiated they must contain a
 * property called `$get`, which holds the **service factory** function.
 *
 * When you request a service, the {@link auto.$injector $injector} is responsible for finding the
 * correct **service provider**, instantiating it and then calling its `$get` **service factory**
 * function to get the instance of the **service**.
 *
 * Often services have no configuration options and there is no need to add methods to the service
 * provider.  The provider will be no more than a constructor function with a `$get` property. For
 * these cases the {@link auto.$provide $provide} service has additional helper methods to register
 * services without specifying a provider.
 *
 * * {@link auto.$provide#provider provider(provider)} - registers a **service provider** with the
 *     {@link auto.$injector $injector}
 * * {@link auto.$provide#constant constant(obj)} - registers a value/object that can be accessed by
 *     providers and services.
 * * {@link auto.$provide#value value(obj)} - registers a value/object that can only be accessed by
 *     services, not providers.
 * * {@link auto.$provide#factory factory(fn)} - registers a service **factory function**, `fn`,
 *     that will be wrapped in a **service provider** object, whose `$get` property will contain the
 *     given factory function.
 * * {@link auto.$provide#service service(class)} - registers a **constructor function**, `class`
 *     that will be wrapped in a **service provider** object, whose `$get` property will instantiate
 *      a new object using the given constructor function.
 *
 * See the individual methods for more information and examples.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $provide#provider
 * @description
 *
 * Register a **provider function** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Provider functions
 * are constructor functions, whose instances are responsible for "providing" a factory for a
 * service.
 *
 * Service provider names start with the name of the service they provide followed by `Provider`.
 * For example, the {@link ng.$log $log} service has a provider called
 * {@link ng.$logProvider $logProvider}.
 *
 * Service provider objects can have additional methods which allow configuration of the provider
 * and its service. Importantly, you can configure what kind of service is created by the `$get`
 * method, or how that service will act. For example, the {@link ng.$logProvider $logProvider} has a
 * method {@link ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled debugEnabled}
 * which lets you specify whether the {@link ng.$log $log} service will log debug messages to the
 * console or not.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the instance. NOTE: the provider will be available under `name +
                        'Provider'` key.
 * @param {(Object|function())} provider If the provider is:
 *
 *   - `Object`: then it should have a `$get` method. The `$get` method will be invoked using
 *     {@link auto.$injector#invoke $injector.invoke()} when an instance needs to be created.
 *   - `Constructor`: a new instance of the provider will be created using
 *     {@link auto.$injector#instantiate $injector.instantiate()}, then treated as `object`.
 *
 * @returns {Object} registered provider instance

 * @example
 *
 * The following example shows how to create a simple event tracking service and register it using
 * {@link auto.$provide#provider $provide.provider()}.
 *
 * ```js
 *  // Define the eventTracker provider
 *  function EventTrackerProvider() {
 *    var trackingUrl = '/track';
 *
 *    // A provider method for configuring where the tracked events should been saved
 *    this.setTrackingUrl = function(url) {
 *      trackingUrl = url;
 *    };
 *
 *    // The service factory function
 *    this.$get = ['$http', function($http) {
 *      var trackedEvents = {};
 *      return {
 *        // Call this to track an event
 *        event: function(event) {
 *          var count = trackedEvents[event] || 0;
 *          count += 1;
 *          trackedEvents[event] = count;
 *          return count;
 *        },
 *        // Call this to save the tracked events to the trackingUrl
 *        save: function() {
 *          $http.post(trackingUrl, trackedEvents);
 *        }
 *      };
 *    }];
 *  }
 *
 *  describe('eventTracker', function() {
 *    var postSpy;
 *
 *    beforeEach(module(function($provide) {
 *      // Register the eventTracker provider
 *      $provide.provider('eventTracker', EventTrackerProvider);
 *    }));
 *
 *    beforeEach(module(function(eventTrackerProvider) {
 *      // Configure eventTracker provider
 *      eventTrackerProvider.setTrackingUrl('/custom-track');
 *    }));
 *
 *    it('tracks events', inject(function(eventTracker) {
 *      expect(eventTracker.event('login')).toEqual(1);
 *      expect(eventTracker.event('login')).toEqual(2);
 *    }));
 *
 *    it('saves to the tracking url', inject(function(eventTracker, $http) {
 *      postSpy = spyOn($http, 'post');
 *      eventTracker.event('login');
 *      eventTracker.save();
 *      expect(postSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
 *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[0]).not.toEqual('/track');
 *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[0]).toEqual('/custom-track');
 *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[1]).toEqual({ 'login': 1 });
 *    }));
 *  });
 * ```
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $provide#factory
 * @description
 *
 * Register a **service factory**, which will be called to return the service instance.
 * This is short for registering a service where its provider consists of only a `$get` property,
 * which is the given service factory function.
 * You should use {@link auto.$provide#factory $provide.factory(getFn)} if you do not need to
 * configure your service in a provider.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
 * @param {function()} $getFn The $getFn for the instance creation. Internally this is a short hand
 *                            for `$provide.provider(name, {$get: $getFn})`.
 * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
 *
 * @example
 * Here is an example of registering a service
 * ```js
 *   $provide.factory('ping', ['$http', function($http) {
 *     return function ping() {
 *       return $http.send('/ping');
 *     };
 *   }]);
 * ```
 * You would then inject and use this service like this:
 * ```js
 *   someModule.controller('Ctrl', ['ping', function(ping) {
 *     ping();
 *   }]);
 * ```
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $provide#service
 * @description
 *
 * Register a **service constructor**, which will be invoked with `new` to create the service
 * instance.
 * This is short for registering a service where its provider's `$get` property is the service
 * constructor function that will be used to instantiate the service instance.
 *
 * You should use {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service(class)} if you define your service
 * as a type/class.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
 * @param {Function} constructor A class (constructor function) that will be instantiated.
 * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
 *
 * @example
 * Here is an example of registering a service using
 * {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service(class)}.
 * ```js
 *   var Ping = function($http) {
 *     this.$http = $http;
 *   };
 *
 *   Ping.$inject = ['$http'];
 *
 *   Ping.prototype.send = function() {
 *     return this.$http.get('/ping');
 *   };
 *   $provide.service('ping', Ping);
 * ```
 * You would then inject and use this service like this:
 * ```js
 *   someModule.controller('Ctrl', ['ping', function(ping) {
 *     ping.send();
 *   }]);
 * ```
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $provide#value
 * @description
 *
 * Register a **value service** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}, such as a string, a
 * number, an array, an object or a function.  This is short for registering a service where its
 * provider's `$get` property is a factory function that takes no arguments and returns the **value
 * service**.
 *
 * Value services are similar to constant services, except that they cannot be injected into a
 * module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) but they can be overridden by
 * an Angular
 * {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
 * @param {*} value The value.
 * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
 *
 * @example
 * Here are some examples of creating value services.
 * ```js
 *   $provide.value('ADMIN_USER', 'admin');
 *
 *   $provide.value('RoleLookup', { admin: 0, writer: 1, reader: 2 });
 *
 *   $provide.value('halfOf', function(value) {
 *     return value / 2;
 *   });
 * ```
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $provide#constant
 * @description
 *
 * Register a **constant service**, such as a string, a number, an array, an object or a function,
 * with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Unlike {@link auto.$provide#value value} it can be
 * injected into a module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) and it cannot
 * be overridden by an Angular {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the constant.
 * @param {*} value The constant value.
 * @returns {Object} registered instance
 *
 * @example
 * Here a some examples of creating constants:
 * ```js
 *   $provide.constant('SHARD_HEIGHT', 306);
 *
 *   $provide.constant('MY_COLOURS', ['red', 'blue', 'grey']);
 *
 *   $provide.constant('double', function(value) {
 *     return value * 2;
 *   });
 * ```
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $provide#decorator
 * @description
 *
 * Register a **service decorator** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. A service decorator
 * intercepts the creation of a service, allowing it to override or modify the behaviour of the
 * service. The object returned by the decorator may be the original service, or a new service
 * object which replaces or wraps and delegates to the original service.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the service to decorate.
 * @param {function()} decorator This function will be invoked when the service needs to be
 *    instantiated and should return the decorated service instance. The function is called using
 *    the {@link auto.$injector#invoke injector.invoke} method and is therefore fully injectable.
 *    Local injection arguments:
 *
 *    * `$delegate` - The original service instance, which can be monkey patched, configured,
 *      decorated or delegated to.
 *
 * @example
 * Here we decorate the {@link ng.$log $log} service to convert warnings to errors by intercepting
 * calls to {@link ng.$log#error $log.warn()}.
 * ```js
 *   $provide.decorator('$log', ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
 *     $delegate.warn = $delegate.error;
 *     return $delegate;
 *   }]);
 * ```
 */


function createInjector(modulesToLoad) {
  var INSTANTIATING = {},
      providerSuffix = 'Provider',
      path = [],
      loadedModules = new HashMap([], true),
      providerCache = {
        $provide: {
            provider: supportObject(provider),
            factory: supportObject(factory),
            service: supportObject(service),
            value: supportObject(value),
            constant: supportObject(constant),
            decorator: decorator
          }
      },
      providerInjector = (providerCache.$injector =
          createInternalInjector(providerCache, function() {
            throw $injectorMinErr('unpr', "Unknown provider: {0}", path.join(' <- '));
          })),
      instanceCache = {},
      instanceInjector = (instanceCache.$injector =
          createInternalInjector(instanceCache, function(servicename) {
            var provider = providerInjector.get(servicename + providerSuffix);
            return instanceInjector.invoke(provider.$get, provider);
          }));


  forEach(loadModules(modulesToLoad), function(fn) { instanceInjector.invoke(fn || noop); });

  return instanceInjector;

  ////////////////////////////////////
  // $provider
  ////////////////////////////////////

  function supportObject(delegate) {
    return function(key, value) {
      if (isObject(key)) {
        forEach(key, reverseParams(delegate));
      } else {
        return delegate(key, value);
      }
    };
  }

  function provider(name, provider_) {
    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'service');
    if (isFunction(provider_) || isArray(provider_)) {
      provider_ = providerInjector.instantiate(provider_);
    }
    if (!provider_.$get) {
      throw $injectorMinErr('pget', "Provider '{0}' must define $get factory method.", name);
    }
    return providerCache[name + providerSuffix] = provider_;
  }

  function factory(name, factoryFn) { return provider(name, { $get: factoryFn }); }

  function service(name, constructor) {
    return factory(name, ['$injector', function($injector) {
      return $injector.instantiate(constructor);
    }]);
  }

  function value(name, val) { return factory(name, valueFn(val)); }

  function constant(name, value) {
    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'constant');
    providerCache[name] = value;
    instanceCache[name] = value;
  }

  function decorator(serviceName, decorFn) {
    var origProvider = providerInjector.get(serviceName + providerSuffix),
        orig$get = origProvider.$get;

    origProvider.$get = function() {
      var origInstance = instanceInjector.invoke(orig$get, origProvider);
      return instanceInjector.invoke(decorFn, null, {$delegate: origInstance});
    };
  }

  ////////////////////////////////////
  // Module Loading
  ////////////////////////////////////
  function loadModules(modulesToLoad){
    var runBlocks = [], moduleFn, invokeQueue, i, ii;
    forEach(modulesToLoad, function(module) {
      if (loadedModules.get(module)) return;
      loadedModules.put(module, true);

      try {
        if (isString(module)) {
          moduleFn = angularModule(module);
          runBlocks = runBlocks.concat(loadModules(moduleFn.requires)).concat(moduleFn._runBlocks);

          for(invokeQueue = moduleFn._invokeQueue, i = 0, ii = invokeQueue.length; i < ii; i++) {
            var invokeArgs = invokeQueue[i],
                provider = providerInjector.get(invokeArgs[0]);

            provider[invokeArgs[1]].apply(provider, invokeArgs[2]);
          }
        } else if (isFunction(module)) {
            runBlocks.push(providerInjector.invoke(module));
        } else if (isArray(module)) {
            runBlocks.push(providerInjector.invoke(module));
        } else {
          assertArgFn(module, 'module');
        }
      } catch (e) {
        if (isArray(module)) {
          module = module[module.length - 1];
        }
        if (e.message && e.stack && e.stack.indexOf(e.message) == -1) {
          // Safari & FF's stack traces don't contain error.message content
          // unlike those of Chrome and IE
          // So if stack doesn't contain message, we create a new string that contains both.
          // Since error.stack is read-only in Safari, I'm overriding e and not e.stack here.
          /* jshint -W022 */
          e = e.message + '\n' + e.stack;
        }
        throw $injectorMinErr('modulerr', "Failed to instantiate module {0} due to:\n{1}",
                  module, e.stack || e.message || e);
      }
    });
    return runBlocks;
  }

  ////////////////////////////////////
  // internal Injector
  ////////////////////////////////////

  function createInternalInjector(cache, factory) {

    function getService(serviceName) {
      if (cache.hasOwnProperty(serviceName)) {
        if (cache[serviceName] === INSTANTIATING) {
          throw $injectorMinErr('cdep', 'Circular dependency found: {0}',
                    serviceName + ' <- ' + path.join(' <- '));
        }
        return cache[serviceName];
      } else {
        try {
          path.unshift(serviceName);
          cache[serviceName] = INSTANTIATING;
          return cache[serviceName] = factory(serviceName);
        } catch (err) {
          if (cache[serviceName] === INSTANTIATING) {
            delete cache[serviceName];
          }
          throw err;
        } finally {
          path.shift();
        }
      }
    }

    function invoke(fn, self, locals){
      var args = [],
          $inject = annotate(fn),
          length, i,
          key;

      for(i = 0, length = $inject.length; i < length; i++) {
        key = $inject[i];
        if (typeof key !== 'string') {
          throw $injectorMinErr('itkn',
                  'Incorrect injection token! Expected service name as string, got {0}', key);
        }
        args.push(
          locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key)
          ? locals[key]
          : getService(key)
        );
      }
      if (isArray(fn)) {
        fn = fn[length];
      }

      // http://jsperf.com/angularjs-invoke-apply-vs-switch
      // #5388
      return fn.apply(self, args);
    }

    function instantiate(Type, locals) {
      var Constructor = function() {},
          instance, returnedValue;

      // Check if Type is annotated and use just the given function at n-1 as parameter
      // e.g. someModule.factory('greeter', ['$window', function(renamed$window) {}]);
      Constructor.prototype = (isArray(Type) ? Type[Type.length - 1] : Type).prototype;
      instance = new Constructor();
      returnedValue = invoke(Type, instance, locals);

      return isObject(returnedValue) || isFunction(returnedValue) ? returnedValue : instance;
    }

    return {
      invoke: invoke,
      instantiate: instantiate,
      get: getService,
      annotate: annotate,
      has: function(name) {
        return providerCache.hasOwnProperty(name + providerSuffix) || cache.hasOwnProperty(name);
      }
    };
  }
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $anchorScroll
 * @kind function
 * @requires $window
 * @requires $location
 * @requires $rootScope
 *
 * @description
 * When called, it checks current value of `$location.hash()` and scrolls to the related element,
 * according to rules specified in
 * [Html5 spec](http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#the-indicated-part-of-the-document).
 *
 * It also watches the `$location.hash()` and scrolls whenever it changes to match any anchor.
 * This can be disabled by calling `$anchorScrollProvider.disableAutoScrolling()`.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <div id="scrollArea" ng-controller="ScrollCtrl">
         <a ng-click="gotoBottom()">Go to bottom</a>
         <a id="bottom"></a> You're at the bottom!
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="script.js">
       function ScrollCtrl($scope, $location, $anchorScroll) {
         $scope.gotoBottom = function (){
           // set the location.hash to the id of
           // the element you wish to scroll to.
           $location.hash('bottom');

           // call $anchorScroll()
           $anchorScroll();
         };
       }
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       #scrollArea {
         height: 350px;
         overflow: auto;
       }

       #bottom {
         display: block;
         margin-top: 2000px;
       }
     </file>
   </example>
 */
function $AnchorScrollProvider() {

  var autoScrollingEnabled = true;

  this.disableAutoScrolling = function() {
    autoScrollingEnabled = false;
  };

  this.$get = ['$window', '$location', '$rootScope', function($window, $location, $rootScope) {
    var document = $window.document;

    // helper function to get first anchor from a NodeList
    // can't use filter.filter, as it accepts only instances of Array
    // and IE can't convert NodeList to an array using [].slice
    // TODO(vojta): use filter if we change it to accept lists as well
    function getFirstAnchor(list) {
      var result = null;
      forEach(list, function(element) {
        if (!result && lowercase(element.nodeName) === 'a') result = element;
      });
      return result;
    }

    function scroll() {
      var hash = $location.hash(), elm;

      // empty hash, scroll to the top of the page
      if (!hash) $window.scrollTo(0, 0);

      // element with given id
      else if ((elm = document.getElementById(hash))) elm.scrollIntoView();

      // first anchor with given name :-D
      else if ((elm = getFirstAnchor(document.getElementsByName(hash)))) elm.scrollIntoView();

      // no element and hash == 'top', scroll to the top of the page
      else if (hash === 'top') $window.scrollTo(0, 0);
    }

    // does not scroll when user clicks on anchor link that is currently on
    // (no url change, no $location.hash() change), browser native does scroll
    if (autoScrollingEnabled) {
      $rootScope.$watch(function autoScrollWatch() {return $location.hash();},
        function autoScrollWatchAction() {
          $rootScope.$evalAsync(scroll);
        });
    }

    return scroll;
  }];
}

var $animateMinErr = minErr('$animate');

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $animateProvider
 *
 * @description
 * Default implementation of $animate that doesn't perform any animations, instead just
 * synchronously performs DOM
 * updates and calls done() callbacks.
 *
 * In order to enable animations the ngAnimate module has to be loaded.
 *
 * To see the functional implementation check out src/ngAnimate/animate.js
 */
var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {


  this.$$selectors = {};


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $animateProvider#register
   *
   * @description
   * Registers a new injectable animation factory function. The factory function produces the
   * animation object which contains callback functions for each event that is expected to be
   * animated.
   *
   *   * `eventFn`: `function(Element, doneFunction)` The element to animate, the `doneFunction`
   *   must be called once the element animation is complete. If a function is returned then the
   *   animation service will use this function to cancel the animation whenever a cancel event is
   *   triggered.
   *
   *
   * ```js
   *   return {
     *     eventFn : function(element, done) {
     *       //code to run the animation
     *       //once complete, then run done()
     *       return function cancellationFunction() {
     *         //code to cancel the animation
     *       }
     *     }
     *   }
   * ```
   *
   * @param {string} name The name of the animation.
   * @param {Function} factory The factory function that will be executed to return the animation
   *                           object.
   */
  this.register = function(name, factory) {
    var key = name + '-animation';
    if (name && name.charAt(0) != '.') throw $animateMinErr('notcsel',
        "Expecting class selector starting with '.' got '{0}'.", name);
    this.$$selectors[name.substr(1)] = key;
    $provide.factory(key, factory);
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $animateProvider#classNameFilter
   *
   * @description
   * Sets and/or returns the CSS class regular expression that is checked when performing
   * an animation. Upon bootstrap the classNameFilter value is not set at all and will
   * therefore enable $animate to attempt to perform an animation on any element.
   * When setting the classNameFilter value, animations will only be performed on elements
   * that successfully match the filter expression. This in turn can boost performance
   * for low-powered devices as well as applications containing a lot of structural operations.
   * @param {RegExp=} expression The className expression which will be checked against all animations
   * @return {RegExp} The current CSS className expression value. If null then there is no expression value
   */
  this.classNameFilter = function(expression) {
    if(arguments.length === 1) {
      this.$$classNameFilter = (expression instanceof RegExp) ? expression : null;
    }
    return this.$$classNameFilter;
  };

  this.$get = ['$timeout', '$$asyncCallback', function($timeout, $$asyncCallback) {

    function async(fn) {
      fn && $$asyncCallback(fn);
    }

    /**
     *
     * @ngdoc service
     * @name $animate
     * @description The $animate service provides rudimentary DOM manipulation functions to
     * insert, remove and move elements within the DOM, as well as adding and removing classes.
     * This service is the core service used by the ngAnimate $animator service which provides
     * high-level animation hooks for CSS and JavaScript.
     *
     * $animate is available in the AngularJS core, however, the ngAnimate module must be included
     * to enable full out animation support. Otherwise, $animate will only perform simple DOM
     * manipulation operations.
     *
     * To learn more about enabling animation support, click here to visit the {@link ngAnimate
     * ngAnimate module page} as well as the {@link ngAnimate.$animate ngAnimate $animate service
     * page}.
     */
    return {

      /**
       *
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $animate#enter
       * @kind function
       * @description Inserts the element into the DOM either after the `after` element or within
       *   the `parent` element. Once complete, the done() callback will be fired (if provided).
       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be inserted into the DOM
       * @param {DOMElement} parent the parent element which will append the element as
       *   a child (if the after element is not present)
       * @param {DOMElement} after the sibling element which will append the element
       *   after itself
       * @param {Function=} done callback function that will be called after the element has been
       *   inserted into the DOM
       */
      enter : function(element, parent, after, done) {
        if (after) {
          after.after(element);
        } else {
          if (!parent || !parent[0]) {
            parent = after.parent();
          }
          parent.append(element);
        }
        async(done);
      },

      /**
       *
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $animate#leave
       * @kind function
       * @description Removes the element from the DOM. Once complete, the done() callback will be
       *   fired (if provided).
       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be removed from the DOM
       * @param {Function=} done callback function that will be called after the element has been
       *   removed from the DOM
       */
      leave : function(element, done) {
        element.remove();
        async(done);
      },

      /**
       *
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $animate#move
       * @kind function
       * @description Moves the position of the provided element within the DOM to be placed
       * either after the `after` element or inside of the `parent` element. Once complete, the
       * done() callback will be fired (if provided).
       *
       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be moved around within the
       *   DOM
       * @param {DOMElement} parent the parent element where the element will be
       *   inserted into (if the after element is not present)
       * @param {DOMElement} after the sibling element where the element will be
       *   positioned next to
       * @param {Function=} done the callback function (if provided) that will be fired after the
       *   element has been moved to its new position
       */
      move : function(element, parent, after, done) {
        // Do not remove element before insert. Removing will cause data associated with the
        // element to be dropped. Insert will implicitly do the remove.
        this.enter(element, parent, after, done);
      },

      /**
       *
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $animate#addClass
       * @kind function
       * @description Adds the provided className CSS class value to the provided element. Once
       * complete, the done() callback will be fired (if provided).
       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will have the className value
       *   added to it
       * @param {string} className the CSS class which will be added to the element
       * @param {Function=} done the callback function (if provided) that will be fired after the
       *   className value has been added to the element
       */
      addClass : function(element, className, done) {
        className = isString(className) ?
                      className :
                      isArray(className) ? className.join(' ') : '';
        forEach(element, function (element) {
          jqLiteAddClass(element, className);
        });
        async(done);
      },

      /**
       *
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $animate#removeClass
       * @kind function
       * @description Removes the provided className CSS class value from the provided element.
       * Once complete, the done() callback will be fired (if provided).
       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will have the className value
       *   removed from it
       * @param {string} className the CSS class which will be removed from the element
       * @param {Function=} done the callback function (if provided) that will be fired after the
       *   className value has been removed from the element
       */
      removeClass : function(element, className, done) {
        className = isString(className) ?
                      className :
                      isArray(className) ? className.join(' ') : '';
        forEach(element, function (element) {
          jqLiteRemoveClass(element, className);
        });
        async(done);
      },

      /**
       *
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $animate#setClass
       * @kind function
       * @description Adds and/or removes the given CSS classes to and from the element.
       * Once complete, the done() callback will be fired (if provided).
       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will have its CSS classes changed
       *   removed from it
       * @param {string} add the CSS classes which will be added to the element
       * @param {string} remove the CSS class which will be removed from the element
       * @param {Function=} done the callback function (if provided) that will be fired after the
       *   CSS classes have been set on the element
       */
      setClass : function(element, add, remove, done) {
        forEach(element, function (element) {
          jqLiteAddClass(element, add);
          jqLiteRemoveClass(element, remove);
        });
        async(done);
      },

      enabled : noop
    };
  }];
}];

function $$AsyncCallbackProvider(){
  this.$get = ['$$rAF', '$timeout', function($$rAF, $timeout) {
    return $$rAF.supported
      ? function(fn) { return $$rAF(fn); }
      : function(fn) {
        return $timeout(fn, 0, false);
      };
  }];
}

/**
 * ! This is a private undocumented service !
 *
 * @name $browser
 * @requires $log
 * @description
 * This object has two goals:
 *
 * - hide all the global state in the browser caused by the window object
 * - abstract away all the browser specific features and inconsistencies
 *
 * For tests we provide {@link ngMock.$browser mock implementation} of the `$browser`
 * service, which can be used for convenient testing of the application without the interaction with
 * the real browser apis.
 */
/**
 * @param {object} window The global window object.
 * @param {object} document jQuery wrapped document.
 * @param {function()} XHR XMLHttpRequest constructor.
 * @param {object} $log console.log or an object with the same interface.
 * @param {object} $sniffer $sniffer service
 */
function Browser(window, document, $log, $sniffer) {
  var self = this,
      rawDocument = document[0],
      location = window.location,
      history = window.history,
      setTimeout = window.setTimeout,
      clearTimeout = window.clearTimeout,
      pendingDeferIds = {};

  self.isMock = false;

  var outstandingRequestCount = 0;
  var outstandingRequestCallbacks = [];

  // TODO(vojta): remove this temporary api
  self.$$completeOutstandingRequest = completeOutstandingRequest;
  self.$$incOutstandingRequestCount = function() { outstandingRequestCount++; };

  /**
   * Executes the `fn` function(supports currying) and decrements the `outstandingRequestCallbacks`
   * counter. If the counter reaches 0, all the `outstandingRequestCallbacks` are executed.
   */
  function completeOutstandingRequest(fn) {
    try {
      fn.apply(null, sliceArgs(arguments, 1));
    } finally {
      outstandingRequestCount--;
      if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
        while(outstandingRequestCallbacks.length) {
          try {
            outstandingRequestCallbacks.pop()();
          } catch (e) {
            $log.error(e);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * @private
   * Note: this method is used only by scenario runner
   * TODO(vojta): prefix this method with $$ ?
   * @param {function()} callback Function that will be called when no outstanding request
   */
  self.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests = function(callback) {
    // force browser to execute all pollFns - this is needed so that cookies and other pollers fire
    // at some deterministic time in respect to the test runner's actions. Leaving things up to the
    // regular poller would result in flaky tests.
    forEach(pollFns, function(pollFn){ pollFn(); });

    if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
      callback();
    } else {
      outstandingRequestCallbacks.push(callback);
    }
  };

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Poll Watcher API
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  var pollFns = [],
      pollTimeout;

  /**
   * @name $browser#addPollFn
   *
   * @param {function()} fn Poll function to add
   *
   * @description
   * Adds a function to the list of functions that poller periodically executes,
   * and starts polling if not started yet.
   *
   * @returns {function()} the added function
   */
  self.addPollFn = function(fn) {
    if (isUndefined(pollTimeout)) startPoller(100, setTimeout);
    pollFns.push(fn);
    return fn;
  };

  /**
   * @param {number} interval How often should browser call poll functions (ms)
   * @param {function()} setTimeout Reference to a real or fake `setTimeout` function.
   *
   * @description
   * Configures the poller to run in the specified intervals, using the specified
   * setTimeout fn and kicks it off.
   */
  function startPoller(interval, setTimeout) {
    (function check() {
      forEach(pollFns, function(pollFn){ pollFn(); });
      pollTimeout = setTimeout(check, interval);
    })();
  }

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // URL API
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  var lastBrowserUrl = location.href,
      baseElement = document.find('base'),
      newLocation = null;

  /**
   * @name $browser#url
   *
   * @description
   * GETTER:
   * Without any argument, this method just returns current value of location.href.
   *
   * SETTER:
   * With at least one argument, this method sets url to new value.
   * If html5 history api supported, pushState/replaceState is used, otherwise
   * location.href/location.replace is used.
   * Returns its own instance to allow chaining
   *
   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to change url.
   *
   * @param {string} url New url (when used as setter)
   * @param {boolean=} replace Should new url replace current history record ?
   */
  self.url = function(url, replace) {
    // Android Browser BFCache causes location, history reference to become stale.
    if (location !== window.location) location = window.location;
    if (history !== window.history) history = window.history;

    // setter
    if (url) {
      if (lastBrowserUrl == url) return;
      lastBrowserUrl = url;
      if ($sniffer.history) {
        if (replace) history.replaceState(null, '', url);
        else {
          history.pushState(null, '', url);
          // Crazy Opera Bug: http://my.opera.com/community/forums/topic.dml?id=1185462
          baseElement.attr('href', baseElement.attr('href'));
        }
      } else {
        newLocation = url;
        if (replace) {
          location.replace(url);
        } else {
          location.href = url;
        }
      }
      return self;
    // getter
    } else {
      // - newLocation is a workaround for an IE7-9 issue with location.replace and location.href
      //   methods not updating location.href synchronously.
      // - the replacement is a workaround for https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=407172
      return newLocation || location.href.replace(/%27/g,"'");
    }
  };

  var urlChangeListeners = [],
      urlChangeInit = false;

  function fireUrlChange() {
    newLocation = null;
    if (lastBrowserUrl == self.url()) return;

    lastBrowserUrl = self.url();
    forEach(urlChangeListeners, function(listener) {
      listener(self.url());
    });
  }

  /**
   * @name $browser#onUrlChange
   *
   * @description
   * Register callback function that will be called, when url changes.
   *
   * It's only called when the url is changed from outside of angular:
   * - user types different url into address bar
   * - user clicks on history (forward/back) button
   * - user clicks on a link
   *
   * It's not called when url is changed by $browser.url() method
   *
   * The listener gets called with new url as parameter.
   *
   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to monitor url changes in angular apps.
   *
   * @param {function(string)} listener Listener function to be called when url changes.
   * @return {function(string)} Returns the registered listener fn - handy if the fn is anonymous.
   */
  self.onUrlChange = function(callback) {
    // TODO(vojta): refactor to use node's syntax for events
    if (!urlChangeInit) {
      // We listen on both (hashchange/popstate) when available, as some browsers (e.g. Opera)
      // don't fire popstate when user change the address bar and don't fire hashchange when url
      // changed by push/replaceState

      // html5 history api - popstate event
      if ($sniffer.history) jqLite(window).on('popstate', fireUrlChange);
      // hashchange event
      if ($sniffer.hashchange) jqLite(window).on('hashchange', fireUrlChange);
      // polling
      else self.addPollFn(fireUrlChange);

      urlChangeInit = true;
    }

    urlChangeListeners.push(callback);
    return callback;
  };

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Misc API
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  /**
   * @name $browser#baseHref
   *
   * @description
   * Returns current <base href>
   * (always relative - without domain)
   *
   * @returns {string} The current base href
   */
  self.baseHref = function() {
    var href = baseElement.attr('href');
    return href ? href.replace(/^(https?\:)?\/\/[^\/]*/, '') : '';
  };

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Cookies API
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  var lastCookies = {};
  var lastCookieString = '';
  var cookiePath = self.baseHref();

  /**
   * @name $browser#cookies
   *
   * @param {string=} name Cookie name
   * @param {string=} value Cookie value
   *
   * @description
   * The cookies method provides a 'private' low level access to browser cookies.
   * It is not meant to be used directly, use the $cookie service instead.
   *
   * The return values vary depending on the arguments that the method was called with as follows:
   *
   * - cookies() -> hash of all cookies, this is NOT a copy of the internal state, so do not modify
   *   it
   * - cookies(name, value) -> set name to value, if value is undefined delete the cookie
   * - cookies(name) -> the same as (name, undefined) == DELETES (no one calls it right now that
   *   way)
   *
   * @returns {Object} Hash of all cookies (if called without any parameter)
   */
  self.cookies = function(name, value) {
    /* global escape: false, unescape: false */
    var cookieLength, cookieArray, cookie, i, index;

    if (name) {
      if (value === undefined) {
        rawDocument.cookie = escape(name) + "=;path=" + cookiePath +
                                ";expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT";
      } else {
        if (isString(value)) {
          cookieLength = (rawDocument.cookie = escape(name) + '=' + escape(value) +
                                ';path=' + cookiePath).length + 1;

          // per http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2109.txt browser must allow at minimum:
          // - 300 cookies
          // - 20 cookies per unique domain
          // - 4096 bytes per cookie
          if (cookieLength > 4096) {
            $log.warn("Cookie '"+ name +
              "' possibly not set or overflowed because it was too large ("+
              cookieLength + " > 4096 bytes)!");
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      if (rawDocument.cookie !== lastCookieString) {
        lastCookieString = rawDocument.cookie;
        cookieArray = lastCookieString.split("; ");
        lastCookies = {};

        for (i = 0; i < cookieArray.length; i++) {
          cookie = cookieArray[i];
          index = cookie.indexOf('=');
          if (index > 0) { //ignore nameless cookies
            name = unescape(cookie.substring(0, index));
            // the first value that is seen for a cookie is the most
            // specific one.  values for the same cookie name that
            // follow are for less specific paths.
            if (lastCookies[name] === undefined) {
              lastCookies[name] = unescape(cookie.substring(index + 1));
            }
          }
        }
      }
      return lastCookies;
    }
  };


  /**
   * @name $browser#defer
   * @param {function()} fn A function, who's execution should be deferred.
   * @param {number=} [delay=0] of milliseconds to defer the function execution.
   * @returns {*} DeferId that can be used to cancel the task via `$browser.defer.cancel()`.
   *
   * @description
   * Executes a fn asynchronously via `setTimeout(fn, delay)`.
   *
   * Unlike when calling `setTimeout` directly, in test this function is mocked and instead of using
   * `setTimeout` in tests, the fns are queued in an array, which can be programmatically flushed
   * via `$browser.defer.flush()`.
   *
   */
  self.defer = function(fn, delay) {
    var timeoutId;
    outstandingRequestCount++;
    timeoutId = setTimeout(function() {
      delete pendingDeferIds[timeoutId];
      completeOutstandingRequest(fn);
    }, delay || 0);
    pendingDeferIds[timeoutId] = true;
    return timeoutId;
  };


  /**
   * @name $browser#defer.cancel
   *
   * @description
   * Cancels a deferred task identified with `deferId`.
   *
   * @param {*} deferId Token returned by the `$browser.defer` function.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
   *                    canceled.
   */
  self.defer.cancel = function(deferId) {
    if (pendingDeferIds[deferId]) {
      delete pendingDeferIds[deferId];
      clearTimeout(deferId);
      completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  };

}

function $BrowserProvider(){
  this.$get = ['$window', '$log', '$sniffer', '$document',
      function( $window,   $log,   $sniffer,   $document){
        return new Browser($window, $document, $log, $sniffer);
      }];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $cacheFactory
 *
 * @description
 * Factory that constructs {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} objects and gives access to
 * them.
 *
 * ```js
 *
 *  var cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
 *  expect($cacheFactory.get('cacheId')).toBe(cache);
 *  expect($cacheFactory.get('noSuchCacheId')).not.toBeDefined();
 *
 *  cache.put("key", "value");
 *  cache.put("another key", "another value");
 *
 *  // We've specified no options on creation
 *  expect(cache.info()).toEqual({id: 'cacheId', size: 2});
 *
 * ```
 *
 *
 * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of the newly created cache.
 * @param {object=} options Options object that specifies the cache behavior. Properties:
 *
 *   - `{number=}` `capacity` — turns the cache into LRU cache.
 *
 * @returns {object} Newly created cache object with the following set of methods:
 *
 * - `{object}` `info()` — Returns id, size, and options of cache.
 * - `{{*}}` `put({string} key, {*} value)` — Puts a new key-value pair into the cache and returns
 *   it.
 * - `{{*}}` `get({string} key)` — Returns cached value for `key` or undefined for cache miss.
 * - `{void}` `remove({string} key)` — Removes a key-value pair from the cache.
 * - `{void}` `removeAll()` — Removes all cached values.
 * - `{void}` `destroy()` — Removes references to this cache from $cacheFactory.
 *
 * @example
   <example module="cacheExampleApp">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="CacheController">
         <input ng-model="newCacheKey" placeholder="Key">
         <input ng-model="newCacheValue" placeholder="Value">
         <button ng-click="put(newCacheKey, newCacheValue)">Cache</button>

         <p ng-if="keys.length">Cached Values</p>
         <div ng-repeat="key in keys">
           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
           <span>: </span>
           <b ng-bind="cache.get(key)"></b>
         </div>

         <p>Cache Info</p>
         <div ng-repeat="(key, value) in cache.info()">
           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
           <span>: </span>
           <b ng-bind="value"></b>
         </div>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="script.js">
       angular.module('cacheExampleApp', []).
         controller('CacheController', ['$scope', '$cacheFactory', function($scope, $cacheFactory) {
           $scope.keys = [];
           $scope.cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
           $scope.put = function(key, value) {
             $scope.cache.put(key, value);
             $scope.keys.push(key);
           };
         }]);
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       p {
         margin: 10px 0 3px;
       }
     </file>
   </example>
 */
function $CacheFactoryProvider() {

  this.$get = function() {
    var caches = {};

    function cacheFactory(cacheId, options) {
      if (cacheId in caches) {
        throw minErr('$cacheFactory')('iid', "CacheId '{0}' is already taken!", cacheId);
      }

      var size = 0,
          stats = extend({}, options, {id: cacheId}),
          data = {},
          capacity = (options && options.capacity) || Number.MAX_VALUE,
          lruHash = {},
          freshEnd = null,
          staleEnd = null;

      /**
       * @ngdoc type
       * @name $cacheFactory.Cache
       *
       * @description
       * A cache object used to store and retrieve data, primarily used by
       * {@link $http $http} and the {@link ng.directive:script script} directive to cache
       * templates and other data.
       *
       * ```js
       *  angular.module('superCache')
       *    .factory('superCache', ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
       *      return $cacheFactory('super-cache');
       *    }]);
       * ```
       *
       * Example test:
       *
       * ```js
       *  it('should behave like a cache', inject(function(superCache) {
       *    superCache.put('key', 'value');
       *    superCache.put('another key', 'another value');
       *
       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
       *      id: 'super-cache',
       *      size: 2
       *    });
       *
       *    superCache.remove('another key');
       *    expect(superCache.get('another key')).toBeUndefined();
       *
       *    superCache.removeAll();
       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
       *      id: 'super-cache',
       *      size: 0
       *    });
       *  }));
       * ```
       */
      return caches[cacheId] = {

        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#put
         * @kind function
         *
         * @description
         * Inserts a named entry into the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object to be
         * retrieved later, and incrementing the size of the cache if the key was not already
         * present in the cache. If behaving like an LRU cache, it will also remove stale
         * entries from the set.
         *
         * It will not insert undefined values into the cache.
         *
         * @param {string} key the key under which the cached data is stored.
         * @param {*} value the value to store alongside the key. If it is undefined, the key
         *    will not be stored.
         * @returns {*} the value stored.
         */
        put: function(key, value) {
          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
            var lruEntry = lruHash[key] || (lruHash[key] = {key: key});

            refresh(lruEntry);
          }

          if (isUndefined(value)) return;
          if (!(key in data)) size++;
          data[key] = value;

          if (size > capacity) {
            this.remove(staleEnd.key);
          }

          return value;
        },

        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#get
         * @kind function
         *
         * @description
         * Retrieves named data stored in the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
         *
         * @param {string} key the key of the data to be retrieved
         * @returns {*} the value stored.
         */
        get: function(key) {
          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];

            if (!lruEntry) return;

            refresh(lruEntry);
          }

          return data[key];
        },


        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#remove
         * @kind function
         *
         * @description
         * Removes an entry from the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
         *
         * @param {string} key the key of the entry to be removed
         */
        remove: function(key) {
          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];

            if (!lruEntry) return;

            if (lruEntry == freshEnd) freshEnd = lruEntry.p;
            if (lruEntry == staleEnd) staleEnd = lruEntry.n;
            link(lruEntry.n,lruEntry.p);

            delete lruHash[key];
          }

          delete data[key];
          size--;
        },


        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#removeAll
         * @kind function
         *
         * @description
         * Clears the cache object of any entries.
         */
        removeAll: function() {
          data = {};
          size = 0;
          lruHash = {};
          freshEnd = staleEnd = null;
        },


        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#destroy
         * @kind function
         *
         * @description
         * Destroys the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object entirely,
         * removing it from the {@link $cacheFactory $cacheFactory} set.
         */
        destroy: function() {
          data = null;
          stats = null;
          lruHash = null;
          delete caches[cacheId];
        },


        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#info
         * @kind function
         *
         * @description
         * Retrieve information regarding a particular {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache}.
         *
         * @returns {object} an object with the following properties:
         *   <ul>
         *     <li>**id**: the id of the cache instance</li>
         *     <li>**size**: the number of entries kept in the cache instance</li>
         *     <li>**...**: any additional properties from the options object when creating the
         *       cache.</li>
         *   </ul>
         */
        info: function() {
          return extend({}, stats, {size: size});
        }
      };


      /**
       * makes the `entry` the freshEnd of the LRU linked list
       */
      function refresh(entry) {
        if (entry != freshEnd) {
          if (!staleEnd) {
            staleEnd = entry;
          } else if (staleEnd == entry) {
            staleEnd = entry.n;
          }

          link(entry.n, entry.p);
          link(entry, freshEnd);
          freshEnd = entry;
          freshEnd.n = null;
        }
      }


      /**
       * bidirectionally links two entries of the LRU linked list
       */
      function link(nextEntry, prevEntry) {
        if (nextEntry != prevEntry) {
          if (nextEntry) nextEntry.p = prevEntry; //p stands for previous, 'prev' didn't minify
          if (prevEntry) prevEntry.n = nextEntry; //n stands for next, 'next' didn't minify
        }
      }
    }


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $cacheFactory#info
   *
   * @description
   * Get information about all the caches that have been created
   *
   * @returns {Object} - key-value map of `cacheId` to the result of calling `cache#info`
   */
    cacheFactory.info = function() {
      var info = {};
      forEach(caches, function(cache, cacheId) {
        info[cacheId] = cache.info();
      });
      return info;
    };


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $cacheFactory#get
   *
   * @description
   * Get access to a cache object by the `cacheId` used when it was created.
   *
   * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of a cache to access.
   * @returns {object} Cache object identified by the cacheId or undefined if no such cache.
   */
    cacheFactory.get = function(cacheId) {
      return caches[cacheId];
    };


    return cacheFactory;
  };
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $templateCache
 *
 * @description
 * The first time a template is used, it is loaded in the template cache for quick retrieval. You
 * can load templates directly into the cache in a `script` tag, or by consuming the
 * `$templateCache` service directly.
 *
 * Adding via the `script` tag:
 *
 * ```html
 *   <script type="text/ng-template" id="templateId.html">
 *     <p>This is the content of the template</p>
 *   </script>
 * ```
 *
 * **Note:** the `script` tag containing the template does not need to be included in the `head` of
 * the document, but it must be below the `ng-app` definition.
 *
 * Adding via the $templateCache service:
 *
 * ```js
 * var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []);
 * myApp.run(function($templateCache) {
 *   $templateCache.put('templateId.html', 'This is the content of the template');
 * });
 * ```
 *
 * To retrieve the template later, simply use it in your HTML:
 * ```html
 * <div ng-include=" 'templateId.html' "></div>
 * ```
 *
 * or get it via Javascript:
 * ```js
 * $templateCache.get('templateId.html')
 * ```
 *
 * See {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}.
 *
 */
function $TemplateCacheProvider() {
  this.$get = ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
    return $cacheFactory('templates');
  }];
}

/* ! VARIABLE/FUNCTION NAMING CONVENTIONS THAT APPLY TO THIS FILE!
 *
 * DOM-related variables:
 *
 * - "node" - DOM Node
 * - "element" - DOM Element or Node
 * - "$node" or "$element" - jqLite-wrapped node or element
 *
 *
 * Compiler related stuff:
 *
 * - "linkFn" - linking fn of a single directive
 * - "nodeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a particular node
 * - "childLinkFn" -  function that aggregates all linking fns for child nodes of a particular node
 * - "compositeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a compilation root (nodeList)
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $compile
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Compiles an HTML string or DOM into a template and produces a template function, which
 * can then be used to link {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `scope`} and the template together.
 *
 * The compilation is a process of walking the DOM tree and matching DOM elements to
 * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** This document is an in-depth reference of all directive options.
 * For a gentle introduction to directives with examples of common use cases,
 * see the {@link guide/directive directive guide}.
 * </div>
 *
 * ## Comprehensive Directive API
 *
 * There are many different options for a directive.
 *
 * The difference resides in the return value of the factory function.
 * You can either return a "Directive Definition Object" (see below) that defines the directive properties,
 * or just the `postLink` function (all other properties will have the default values).
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-success">
 * **Best Practice:** It's recommended to use the "directive definition object" form.
 * </div>
 *
 * Here's an example directive declared with a Directive Definition Object:
 *
 * ```js
 *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
 *
 *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
 *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
 *       priority: 0,
 *       template: '<div></div>', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
 *       // or
 *       // templateUrl: 'directive.html', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
 *       transclude: false,
 *       restrict: 'A',
 *       scope: false,
 *       controller: function($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude, otherInjectables) { ... },
 *       controllerAs: 'stringAlias',
 *       require: 'siblingDirectiveName', // or // ['^parentDirectiveName', '?optionalDirectiveName', '?^optionalParent'],
 *       compile: function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) {
 *         return {
 *           pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
 *           post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
 *         }
 *         // or
 *         // return function postLink( ... ) { ... }
 *       },
 *       // or
 *       // link: {
 *       //  pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
 *       //  post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
 *       // }
 *       // or
 *       // link: function postLink( ... ) { ... }
 *     };
 *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
 *   });
 * ```
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** Any unspecified options will use the default value. You can see the default values below.
 * </div>
 *
 * Therefore the above can be simplified as:
 *
 * ```js
 *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
 *
 *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
 *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
 *       link: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
 *     };
 *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
 *     // or
 *     // return function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
 *   });
 * ```
 *
 *
 *
 * ### Directive Definition Object
 *
 * The directive definition object provides instructions to the {@link ng.$compile
 * compiler}. The attributes are:
 *
 * #### `priority`
 * When there are multiple directives defined on a single DOM element, sometimes it
 * is necessary to specify the order in which the directives are applied. The `priority` is used
 * to sort the directives before their `compile` functions get called. Priority is defined as a
 * number. Directives with greater numerical `priority` are compiled first. Pre-link functions
 * are also run in priority order, but post-link functions are run in reverse order. The order
 * of directives with the same priority is undefined. The default priority is `0`.
 *
 * #### `terminal`
 * If set to true then the current `priority` will be the last set of directives
 * which will execute (any directives at the current priority will still execute
 * as the order of execution on same `priority` is undefined).
 *
 * #### `scope`
 * **If set to `true`,** then a new scope will be created for this directive. If multiple directives on the
 * same element request a new scope, only one new scope is created. The new scope rule does not
 * apply for the root of the template since the root of the template always gets a new scope.
 *
 * **If set to `{}` (object hash),** then a new "isolate" scope is created. The 'isolate' scope differs from
 * normal scope in that it does not prototypically inherit from the parent scope. This is useful
 * when creating reusable components, which should not accidentally read or modify data in the
 * parent scope.
 *
 * The 'isolate' scope takes an object hash which defines a set of local scope properties
 * derived from the parent scope. These local properties are useful for aliasing values for
 * templates. Locals definition is a hash of local scope property to its source:
 *
 * * `@` or `@attr` - bind a local scope property to the value of DOM attribute. The result is
 *   always a string since DOM attributes are strings. If no `attr` name is specified  then the
 *   attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name.
 *   Given `<widget my-attr="hello {{name}}">` and widget definition
 *   of `scope: { localName:'@myAttr' }`, then widget scope property `localName` will reflect
 *   the interpolated value of `hello {{name}}`. As the `name` attribute changes so will the
 *   `localName` property on the widget scope. The `name` is read from the parent scope (not
 *   component scope).
 *
 * * `=` or `=attr` - set up bi-directional binding between a local scope property and the
 *   parent scope property of name defined via the value of the `attr` attribute. If no `attr`
 *   name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name.
 *   Given `<widget my-attr="parentModel">` and widget definition of
 *   `scope: { localModel:'=myAttr' }`, then widget scope property `localModel` will reflect the
 *   value of `parentModel` on the parent scope. Any changes to `parentModel` will be reflected
 *   in `localModel` and any changes in `localModel` will reflect in `parentModel`. If the parent
 *   scope property doesn't exist, it will throw a NON_ASSIGNABLE_MODEL_EXPRESSION exception. You
 *   can avoid this behavior using `=?` or `=?attr` in order to flag the property as optional.
 *
 * * `&` or `&attr` - provides a way to execute an expression in the context of the parent scope.
 *   If no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the
 *   local name. Given `<widget my-attr="count = count + value">` and widget definition of
 *   `scope: { localFn:'&myAttr' }`, then isolate scope property `localFn` will point to
 *   a function wrapper for the `count = count + value` expression. Often it's desirable to
 *   pass data from the isolated scope via an expression and to the parent scope, this can be
 *   done by passing a map of local variable names and values into the expression wrapper fn.
 *   For example, if the expression is `increment(amount)` then we can specify the amount value
 *   by calling the `localFn` as `localFn({amount: 22})`.
 *
 *
 *
 * #### `controller`
 * Controller constructor function. The controller is instantiated before the
 * pre-linking phase and it is shared with other directives (see
 * `require` attribute). This allows the directives to communicate with each other and augment
 * each other's behavior. The controller is injectable (and supports bracket notation) with the following locals:
 *
 * * `$scope` - Current scope associated with the element
 * * `$element` - Current element
 * * `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
 * * `$transclude` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope.
 *    The scope can be overridden by an optional first argument.
 *   `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn)`.
 *
 *
 * #### `require`
 * Require another directive and inject its controller as the fourth argument to the linking function. The
 * `require` takes a string name (or array of strings) of the directive(s) to pass in. If an array is used, the
 * injected argument will be an array in corresponding order. If no such directive can be
 * found, or if the directive does not have a controller, then an error is raised. The name can be prefixed with:
 *
 * * (no prefix) - Locate the required controller on the current element. Throw an error if not found.
 * * `?` - Attempt to locate the required controller or pass `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
 * * `^` - Locate the required controller by searching the element's parents. Throw an error if not found.
 * * `?^` - Attempt to locate the required controller by searching the element's parents or pass `null` to the
 *   `link` fn if not found.
 *
 *
 * #### `controllerAs`
 * Controller alias at the directive scope. An alias for the controller so it
 * can be referenced at the directive template. The directive needs to define a scope for this
 * configuration to be used. Useful in the case when directive is used as component.
 *
 *
 * #### `restrict`
 * String of subset of `EACM` which restricts the directive to a specific directive
 * declaration style. If omitted, the default (attributes only) is used.
 *
 * * `E` - Element name: `<my-directive></my-directive>`
 * * `A` - Attribute (default): `<div my-directive="exp"></div>`
 * * `C` - Class: `<div class="my-directive: exp;"></div>`
 * * `M` - Comment: `<!-- directive: my-directive exp -->`
 *
 *
 * #### `template`
 * replace the current element with the contents of the HTML. The replacement process
 * migrates all of the attributes / classes from the old element to the new one. See the
 * {@link guide/directive#creating-custom-directives_creating-directives_template-expanding-directive
 * Directives Guide} for an example.
 *
 * You can specify `template` as a string representing the template or as a function which takes
 * two arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile` function api below) and
 * returns a string value representing the template.
 *
 *
 * #### `templateUrl`
 * Same as `template` but the template is loaded from the specified URL. Because
 * the template loading is asynchronous the compilation/linking is suspended until the template
 * is loaded.
 *
 * You can specify `templateUrl` as a string representing the URL or as a function which takes two
 * arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile` function api below) and returns
 * a string value representing the url.  In either case, the template URL is passed through {@link
 * api/ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl}.
 *
 *
 * #### `replace` ([*DEPRECATED*!], will be removed in next major release)
 * specify where the template should be inserted. Defaults to `false`.
 *
 * * `true` - the template will replace the current element.
 * * `false` - the template will replace the contents of the current element.
 *
 *
 * #### `transclude`
 * compile the content of the element and make it available to the directive.
 * Typically used with {@link ng.directive:ngTransclude
 * ngTransclude}. The advantage of transclusion is that the linking function receives a
 * transclusion function which is pre-bound to the correct scope. In a typical setup the widget
 * creates an `isolate` scope, but the transclusion is not a child, but a sibling of the `isolate`
 * scope. This makes it possible for the widget to have private state, and the transclusion to
 * be bound to the parent (pre-`isolate`) scope.
 *
 * * `true` - transclude the content of the directive.
 * * `'element'` - transclude the whole element including any directives defined at lower priority.
 *
 *
 * #### `compile`
 *
 * ```js
 *   function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) { ... }
 * ```
 *
 * The compile function deals with transforming the template DOM. Since most directives do not do
 * template transformation, it is not used often. The compile function takes the following arguments:
 *
 *   * `tElement` - template element - The element where the directive has been declared. It is
 *     safe to do template transformation on the element and child elements only.
 *
 *   * `tAttrs` - template attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
 *     between all directive compile functions.
 *
 *   * `transclude` -  [*DEPRECATED*!] A transclude linking function: `function(scope, cloneLinkingFn)`
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** The template instance and the link instance may be different objects if the template has
 * been cloned. For this reason it is **not** safe to do anything other than DOM transformations that
 * apply to all cloned DOM nodes within the compile function. Specifically, DOM listener registration
 * should be done in a linking function rather than in a compile function.
 * </div>

 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** The compile function cannot handle directives that recursively use themselves in their
 * own templates or compile functions. Compiling these directives results in an infinite loop and a
 * stack overflow errors.
 *
 * This can be avoided by manually using $compile in the postLink function to imperatively compile
 * a directive's template instead of relying on automatic template compilation via `template` or
 * `templateUrl` declaration or manual compilation inside the compile function.
 * </div>
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-error">
 * **Note:** The `transclude` function that is passed to the compile function is deprecated, as it
 *   e.g. does not know about the right outer scope. Please use the transclude function that is passed
 *   to the link function instead.
 * </div>

 * A compile function can have a return value which can be either a function or an object.
 *
 * * returning a (post-link) function - is equivalent to registering the linking function via the
 *   `link` property of the config object when the compile function is empty.
 *
 * * returning an object with function(s) registered via `pre` and `post` properties - allows you to
 *   control when a linking function should be called during the linking phase. See info about
 *   pre-linking and post-linking functions below.
 *
 *
 * #### `link`
 * This property is used only if the `compile` property is not defined.
 *
 * ```js
 *   function link(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller, transcludeFn) { ... }
 * ```
 *
 * The link function is responsible for registering DOM listeners as well as updating the DOM. It is
 * executed after the template has been cloned. This is where most of the directive logic will be
 * put.
 *
 *   * `scope` - {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} - The scope to be used by the
 *     directive for registering {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watches}.
 *
 *   * `iElement` - instance element - The element where the directive is to be used. It is safe to
 *     manipulate the children of the element only in `postLink` function since the children have
 *     already been linked.
 *
 *   * `iAttrs` - instance attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
 *     between all directive linking functions.
 *
 *   * `controller` - a controller instance - A controller instance if at least one directive on the
 *     element defines a controller. The controller is shared among all the directives, which allows
 *     the directives to use the controllers as a communication channel.
 *
 *   * `transcludeFn` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope.
 *     The scope can be overridden by an optional first argument. This is the same as the `$transclude`
 *     parameter of directive controllers.
 *     `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn)`.
 *
 *
 * #### Pre-linking function
 *
 * Executed before the child elements are linked. Not safe to do DOM transformation since the
 * compiler linking function will fail to locate the correct elements for linking.
 *
 * #### Post-linking function
 *
 * Executed after the child elements are linked. It is safe to do DOM transformation in the post-linking function.
 *
 * <a name="Attributes"></a>
 * ### Attributes
 *
 * The {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes Attributes} object - passed as a parameter in the
 * `link()` or `compile()` functions. It has a variety of uses.
 *
 * accessing *Normalized attribute names:*
 * Directives like 'ngBind' can be expressed in many ways: 'ng:bind', `data-ng-bind`, or 'x-ng-bind'.
 * the attributes object allows for normalized access to
 *   the attributes.
 *
 * * *Directive inter-communication:* All directives share the same instance of the attributes
 *   object which allows the directives to use the attributes object as inter directive
 *   communication.
 *
 * * *Supports interpolation:* Interpolation attributes are assigned to the attribute object
 *   allowing other directives to read the interpolated value.
 *
 * * *Observing interpolated attributes:* Use `$observe` to observe the value changes of attributes
 *   that contain interpolation (e.g. `src="{{bar}}"`). Not only is this very efficient but it's also
 *   the only way to easily get the actual value because during the linking phase the interpolation
 *   hasn't been evaluated yet and so the value is at this time set to `undefined`.
 *
 * ```js
 * function linkingFn(scope, elm, attrs, ctrl) {
 *   // get the attribute value
 *   console.log(attrs.ngModel);
 *
 *   // change the attribute
 *   attrs.$set('ngModel', 'new value');
 *
 *   // observe changes to interpolated attribute
 *   attrs.$observe('ngModel', function(value) {
 *     console.log('ngModel has changed value to ' + value);
 *   });
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Below is an example using `$compileProvider`.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note**: Typically directives are registered with `module.directive`. The example below is
 * to illustrate how `$compile` works.
 * </div>
 *
 <example module="compile">
   <file name="index.html">
    <script>
      angular.module('compile', [], function($compileProvider) {
        // configure new 'compile' directive by passing a directive
        // factory function. The factory function injects the '$compile'
        $compileProvider.directive('compile', function($compile) {
          // directive factory creates a link function
          return function(scope, element, attrs) {
            scope.$watch(
              function(scope) {
                 // watch the 'compile' expression for changes
                return scope.$eval(attrs.compile);
              },
              function(value) {
                // when the 'compile' expression changes
                // assign it into the current DOM
                element.html(value);

                // compile the new DOM and link it to the current
                // scope.
                // NOTE: we only compile .childNodes so that
                // we don't get into infinite loop compiling ourselves
                $compile(element.contents())(scope);
              }
            );
          };
        })
      });

      function Ctrl($scope) {
        $scope.name = 'Angular';
        $scope.html = 'Hello {{name}}';
      }
    </script>
    <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
      <input ng-model="name"> <br>
      <textarea ng-model="html"></textarea> <br>
      <div compile="html"></div>
    </div>
   </file>
   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
     it('should auto compile', function() {
       var textarea = $('textarea');
       var output = $('div[compile]');
       // The initial state reads 'Hello Angular'.
       expect(output.getText()).toBe('Hello Angular');
       textarea.clear();
       textarea.sendKeys('{{name}}!');
       expect(output.getText()).toBe('Angular!');
     });
   </file>
 </example>

 *
 *
 * @param {string|DOMElement} element Element or HTML string to compile into a template function.
 * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transclude function available to directives.
 * @param {number} maxPriority only apply directives lower than given priority (Only effects the
 *                 root element(s), not their children)
 * @returns {function(scope, cloneAttachFn=)} a link function which is used to bind template
 * (a DOM element/tree) to a scope. Where:
 *
 *  * `scope` - A {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} to bind to.
 *  * `cloneAttachFn` - If `cloneAttachFn` is provided, then the link function will clone the
 *  `template` and call the `cloneAttachFn` function allowing the caller to attach the
 *  cloned elements to the DOM document at the appropriate place. The `cloneAttachFn` is
 *  called as: <br> `cloneAttachFn(clonedElement, scope)` where:
 *
 *      * `clonedElement` - is a clone of the original `element` passed into the compiler.
 *      * `scope` - is the current scope with which the linking function is working with.
 *
 * Calling the linking function returns the element of the template. It is either the original
 * element passed in, or the clone of the element if the `cloneAttachFn` is provided.
 *
 * After linking the view is not updated until after a call to $digest which typically is done by
 * Angular automatically.
 *
 * If you need access to the bound view, there are two ways to do it:
 *
 * - If you are not asking the linking function to clone the template, create the DOM element(s)
 *   before you send them to the compiler and keep this reference around.
 *   ```js
 *     var element = $compile('<p>{{total}}</p>')(scope);
 *   ```
 *
 * - if on the other hand, you need the element to be cloned, the view reference from the original
 *   example would not point to the clone, but rather to the original template that was cloned. In
 *   this case, you can access the clone via the cloneAttachFn:
 *   ```js
 *     var templateElement = angular.element('<p>{{total}}</p>'),
 *         scope = ....;
 *
 *     var clonedElement = $compile(templateElement)(scope, function(clonedElement, scope) {
 *       //attach the clone to DOM document at the right place
 *     });
 *
 *     //now we have reference to the cloned DOM via `clonedElement`
 *   ```
 *
 *
 * For information on how the compiler works, see the
 * {@link guide/compiler Angular HTML Compiler} section of the Developer Guide.
 */

var $compileMinErr = minErr('$compile');

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $compileProvider
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 */
$CompileProvider.$inject = ['$provide', '$$sanitizeUriProvider'];
function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
  var hasDirectives = {},
      Suffix = 'Directive',
      COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /^\s*directive\:\s*([\d\w_\-]+)\s+(.*)$/,
      CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /(([\d\w_\-]+)(?:\:([^;]+))?;?)/;

  // Ref: http://developers.whatwg.org/webappapis.html#event-handler-idl-attributes
  // The assumption is that future DOM event attribute names will begin with
  // 'on' and be composed of only English letters.
  var EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP = /^(on[a-z]+|formaction)$/;

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $compileProvider#directive
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Register a new directive with the compiler.
   *
   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the directive in camel-case (i.e. <code>ngBind</code> which
   *    will match as <code>ng-bind</code>), or an object map of directives where the keys are the
   *    names and the values are the factories.
   * @param {Function|Array} directiveFactory An injectable directive factory function. See
   *    {@link guide/directive} for more info.
   * @returns {ng.$compileProvider} Self for chaining.
   */
   this.directive = function registerDirective(name, directiveFactory) {
    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'directive');
    if (isString(name)) {
      assertArg(directiveFactory, 'directiveFactory');
      if (!hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
        hasDirectives[name] = [];
        $provide.factory(name + Suffix, ['$injector', '$exceptionHandler',
          function($injector, $exceptionHandler) {
            var directives = [];
            forEach(hasDirectives[name], function(directiveFactory, index) {
              try {
                var directive = $injector.invoke(directiveFactory);
                if (isFunction(directive)) {
                  directive = { compile: valueFn(directive) };
                } else if (!directive.compile && directive.link) {
                  directive.compile = valueFn(directive.link);
                }
                directive.priority = directive.priority || 0;
                directive.index = index;
                directive.name = directive.name || name;
                directive.require = directive.require || (directive.controller && directive.name);
                directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'A';
                directives.push(directive);
              } catch (e) {
                $exceptionHandler(e);
              }
            });
            return directives;
          }]);
      }
      hasDirectives[name].push(directiveFactory);
    } else {
      forEach(name, reverseParams(registerDirective));
    }
    return this;
  };


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $compileProvider#aHrefSanitizationWhitelist
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
   *
   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
   *
   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
   *
   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
   *    chaining otherwise.
   */
  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
      $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
      return this;
    } else {
      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist();
    }
  };


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $compileProvider#imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
   *
   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
   *
   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
   *
   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
   *    chaining otherwise.
   */
  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
      $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
      return this;
    } else {
      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist();
    }
  };

  this.$get = [
            '$injector', '$interpolate', '$exceptionHandler', '$http', '$templateCache', '$parse',
            '$controller', '$rootScope', '$document', '$sce', '$animate', '$$sanitizeUri',
    function($injector,   $interpolate,   $exceptionHandler,   $http,   $templateCache,   $parse,
             $controller,   $rootScope,   $document,   $sce,   $animate,   $$sanitizeUri) {

    var Attributes = function(element, attr) {
      this.$$element = element;
      this.$attr = attr || {};
    };

    Attributes.prototype = {
      $normalize: directiveNormalize,


      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$addClass
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Adds the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter to the element. If animations
       * are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class addition.
       *
       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be added to the element
       */
      $addClass : function(classVal) {
        if(classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, classVal);
        }
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$removeClass
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Removes the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter from the element. If
       * animations are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class removal.
       *
       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be removed from the element
       */
      $removeClass : function(classVal) {
        if(classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, classVal);
        }
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$updateClass
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Adds and removes the appropriate CSS class values to the element based on the difference
       * between the new and old CSS class values (specified as newClasses and oldClasses).
       *
       * @param {string} newClasses The current CSS className value
       * @param {string} oldClasses The former CSS className value
       */
      $updateClass : function(newClasses, oldClasses) {
        var toAdd = tokenDifference(newClasses, oldClasses);
        var toRemove = tokenDifference(oldClasses, newClasses);

        if(toAdd.length === 0) {
          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, toRemove);
        } else if(toRemove.length === 0) {
          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, toAdd);
        } else {
          $animate.setClass(this.$$element, toAdd, toRemove);
        }
      },

      /**
       * Set a normalized attribute on the element in a way such that all directives
       * can share the attribute. This function properly handles boolean attributes.
       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute)
       * @param {string|boolean} value The value to set. If `null` attribute will be deleted.
       * @param {boolean=} writeAttr If false, does not write the value to DOM element attribute.
       *     Defaults to true.
       * @param {string=} attrName Optional none normalized name. Defaults to key.
       */
      $set: function(key, value, writeAttr, attrName) {
        // TODO: decide whether or not to throw an error if "class"
        //is set through this function since it may cause $updateClass to
        //become unstable.

        var booleanKey = getBooleanAttrName(this.$$element[0], key),
            normalizedVal,
            nodeName;

        if (booleanKey) {
          this.$$element.prop(key, value);
          attrName = booleanKey;
        }

        this[key] = value;

        // translate normalized key to actual key
        if (attrName) {
          this.$attr[key] = attrName;
        } else {
          attrName = this.$attr[key];
          if (!attrName) {
            this.$attr[key] = attrName = snake_case(key, '-');
          }
        }

        nodeName = nodeName_(this.$$element);

        // sanitize a[href] and img[src] values
        if ((nodeName === 'A' && key === 'href') ||
            (nodeName === 'IMG' && key === 'src')) {
          this[key] = value = $$sanitizeUri(value, key === 'src');
        }

        if (writeAttr !== false) {
          if (value === null || value === undefined) {
            this.$$element.removeAttr(attrName);
          } else {
            this.$$element.attr(attrName, value);
          }
        }

        // fire observers
        var $$observers = this.$$observers;
        $$observers && forEach($$observers[key], function(fn) {
          try {
            fn(value);
          } catch (e) {
            $exceptionHandler(e);
          }
        });
      },


      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$observe
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Observes an interpolated attribute.
       *
       * The observer function will be invoked once during the next `$digest` following
       * compilation. The observer is then invoked whenever the interpolated value
       * changes.
       *
       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute) .
       * @param {function(interpolatedValue)} fn Function that will be called whenever
                the interpolated value of the attribute changes.
       *        See the {@link guide/directive#Attributes Directives} guide for more info.
       * @returns {function()} the `fn` parameter.
       */
      $observe: function(key, fn) {
        var attrs = this,
            $$observers = (attrs.$$observers || (attrs.$$observers = {})),
            listeners = ($$observers[key] || ($$observers[key] = []));

        listeners.push(fn);
        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
          if (!listeners.$$inter) {
            // no one registered attribute interpolation function, so lets call it manually
            fn(attrs[key]);
          }
        });
        return fn;
      }
    };

    var startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
        endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
        denormalizeTemplate = (startSymbol == '{{' || endSymbol  == '}}')
            ? identity
            : function denormalizeTemplate(template) {
              return template.replace(/\{\{/g, startSymbol).replace(/}}/g, endSymbol);
        },
        NG_ATTR_BINDING = /^ngAttr[A-Z]/;


    return compile;

    //================================

    function compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
                        previousCompileContext) {
      if (!($compileNodes instanceof jqLite)) {
        // jquery always rewraps, whereas we need to preserve the original selector so that we can
        // modify it.
        $compileNodes = jqLite($compileNodes);
      }
      // We can not compile top level text elements since text nodes can be merged and we will
      // not be able to attach scope data to them, so we will wrap them in <span>
      forEach($compileNodes, function(node, index){
        if (node.nodeType == 3 /* text node */ && node.nodeValue.match(/\S+/) /* non-empty */ ) {
          $compileNodes[index] = node = jqLite(node).wrap('<span></span>').parent()[0];
        }
      });
      var compositeLinkFn =
              compileNodes($compileNodes, transcludeFn, $compileNodes,
                           maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
      safeAddClass($compileNodes, 'ng-scope');
      return function publicLinkFn(scope, cloneConnectFn, transcludeControllers, parentBoundTranscludeFn){
        assertArg(scope, 'scope');
        // important!!: we must call our jqLite.clone() since the jQuery one is trying to be smart
        // and sometimes changes the structure of the DOM.
        var $linkNode = cloneConnectFn
          ? JQLitePrototype.clone.call($compileNodes) // IMPORTANT!!!
          : $compileNodes;

        forEach(transcludeControllers, function(instance, name) {
          $linkNode.data('$' + name + 'Controller', instance);
        });

        // Attach scope only to non-text nodes.
        for(var i = 0, ii = $linkNode.length; i<ii; i++) {
          var node = $linkNode[i],
              nodeType = node.nodeType;
          if (nodeType === 1 /* element */ || nodeType === 9 /* document */) {
            $linkNode.eq(i).data('$scope', scope);
          }
        }

        if (cloneConnectFn) cloneConnectFn($linkNode, scope);
        if (compositeLinkFn) compositeLinkFn(scope, $linkNode, $linkNode, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
        return $linkNode;
      };
    }

    function safeAddClass($element, className) {
      try {
        $element.addClass(className);
      } catch(e) {
        // ignore, since it means that we are trying to set class on
        // SVG element, where class name is read-only.
      }
    }

    /**
     * Compile function matches each node in nodeList against the directives. Once all directives
     * for a particular node are collected their compile functions are executed. The compile
     * functions return values - the linking functions - are combined into a composite linking
     * function, which is the a linking function for the node.
     *
     * @param {NodeList} nodeList an array of nodes or NodeList to compile
     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
     *        scope argument is auto-generated to the new child of the transcluded parent scope.
     * @param {DOMElement=} $rootElement If the nodeList is the root of the compilation tree then
     *        the rootElement must be set the jqLite collection of the compile root. This is
     *        needed so that the jqLite collection items can be replaced with widgets.
     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
     * @returns {Function} A composite linking function of all of the matched directives or null.
     */
    function compileNodes(nodeList, transcludeFn, $rootElement, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
                            previousCompileContext) {
      var linkFns = [],
          attrs, directives, nodeLinkFn, childNodes, childLinkFn, linkFnFound;

      for (var i = 0; i < nodeList.length; i++) {
        attrs = new Attributes();

        // we must always refer to nodeList[i] since the nodes can be replaced underneath us.
        directives = collectDirectives(nodeList[i], [], attrs, i === 0 ? maxPriority : undefined,
                                        ignoreDirective);

        nodeLinkFn = (directives.length)
            ? applyDirectivesToNode(directives, nodeList[i], attrs, transcludeFn, $rootElement,
                                      null, [], [], previousCompileContext)
            : null;

        if (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.scope) {
          safeAddClass(jqLite(nodeList[i]), 'ng-scope');
        }

        childLinkFn = (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.terminal ||
                      !(childNodes = nodeList[i].childNodes) ||
                      !childNodes.length)
            ? null
            : compileNodes(childNodes,
                 nodeLinkFn ? (
                  (nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement || !nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement)
                     && nodeLinkFn.transclude) : transcludeFn);

        linkFns.push(nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn);
        linkFnFound = linkFnFound || nodeLinkFn || childLinkFn;
        //use the previous context only for the first element in the virtual group
        previousCompileContext = null;
      }

      // return a linking function if we have found anything, null otherwise
      return linkFnFound ? compositeLinkFn : null;

      function compositeLinkFn(scope, nodeList, $rootElement, parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
        var nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn, node, $node, childScope, i, ii, n, childBoundTranscludeFn;

        // copy nodeList so that linking doesn't break due to live list updates.
        var nodeListLength = nodeList.length,
            stableNodeList = new Array(nodeListLength);
        for (i = 0; i < nodeListLength; i++) {
          stableNodeList[i] = nodeList[i];
        }

        for(i = 0, n = 0, ii = linkFns.length; i < ii; n++) {
          node = stableNodeList[n];
          nodeLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
          childLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
          $node = jqLite(node);

          if (nodeLinkFn) {
            if (nodeLinkFn.scope) {
              childScope = scope.$new();
              $node.data('$scope', childScope);
            } else {
              childScope = scope;
            }

            if ( nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement ) {
              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, nodeLinkFn.transclude, parentBoundTranscludeFn);

            } else if (!nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement && parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
              childBoundTranscludeFn = parentBoundTranscludeFn;

            } else if (!parentBoundTranscludeFn && transcludeFn) {
              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn);

            } else {
              childBoundTranscludeFn = null;
            }

            nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, childScope, node, $rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn);

          } else if (childLinkFn) {
            childLinkFn(scope, node.childNodes, undefined, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    function createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn, previousBoundTranscludeFn) {

      var boundTranscludeFn = function(transcludedScope, cloneFn, controllers) {
        var scopeCreated = false;

        if (!transcludedScope) {
          transcludedScope = scope.$new();
          transcludedScope.$$transcluded = true;
          scopeCreated = true;
        }

        var clone = transcludeFn(transcludedScope, cloneFn, controllers, previousBoundTranscludeFn);
        if (scopeCreated) {
          clone.on('$destroy', function() { transcludedScope.$destroy(); });
        }
        return clone;
      };

      return boundTranscludeFn;
    }

    /**
     * Looks for directives on the given node and adds them to the directive collection which is
     * sorted.
     *
     * @param node Node to search.
     * @param directives An array to which the directives are added to. This array is sorted before
     *        the function returns.
     * @param attrs The shared attrs object which is used to populate the normalized attributes.
     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
     */
    function collectDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective) {
      var nodeType = node.nodeType,
          attrsMap = attrs.$attr,
          match,
          className;

      switch(nodeType) {
        case 1: /* Element */
          // use the node name: <directive>
          addDirective(directives,
              directiveNormalize(nodeName_(node).toLowerCase()), 'E', maxPriority, ignoreDirective);

          // iterate over the attributes
          for (var attr, name, nName, ngAttrName, value, isNgAttr, nAttrs = node.attributes,
                   j = 0, jj = nAttrs && nAttrs.length; j < jj; j++) {
            var attrStartName = false;
            var attrEndName = false;

            attr = nAttrs[j];
            if (!msie || msie >= 8 || attr.specified) {
              name = attr.name;
              value = trim(attr.value);

              // support ngAttr attribute binding
              ngAttrName = directiveNormalize(name);
              if (isNgAttr = NG_ATTR_BINDING.test(ngAttrName)) {
                name = snake_case(ngAttrName.substr(6), '-');
              }

              var directiveNName = ngAttrName.replace(/(Start|End)$/, '');
              if (ngAttrName === directiveNName + 'Start') {
                attrStartName = name;
                attrEndName = name.substr(0, name.length - 5) + 'end';
                name = name.substr(0, name.length - 6);
              }

              nName = directiveNormalize(name.toLowerCase());
              attrsMap[nName] = name;
              if (isNgAttr || !attrs.hasOwnProperty(nName)) {
                  attrs[nName] = value;
                  if (getBooleanAttrName(node, nName)) {
                    attrs[nName] = true; // presence means true
                  }
              }
              addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, nName);
              addDirective(directives, nName, 'A', maxPriority, ignoreDirective, attrStartName,
                            attrEndName);
            }
          }

          // use class as directive
          className = node.className;
          if (isString(className) && className !== '') {
            while (match = CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(className)) {
              nName = directiveNormalize(match[2]);
              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'C', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
                attrs[nName] = trim(match[3]);
              }
              className = className.substr(match.index + match[0].length);
            }
          }
          break;
        case 3: /* Text Node */
          addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, node.nodeValue);
          break;
        case 8: /* Comment */
          try {
            match = COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(node.nodeValue);
            if (match) {
              nName = directiveNormalize(match[1]);
              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'M', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
                attrs[nName] = trim(match[2]);
              }
            }
          } catch (e) {
            // turns out that under some circumstances IE9 throws errors when one attempts to read
            // comment's node value.
            // Just ignore it and continue. (Can't seem to reproduce in test case.)
          }
          break;
      }

      directives.sort(byPriority);
      return directives;
    }

    /**
     * Given a node with an directive-start it collects all of the siblings until it finds
     * directive-end.
     * @param node
     * @param attrStart
     * @param attrEnd
     * @returns {*}
     */
    function groupScan(node, attrStart, attrEnd) {
      var nodes = [];
      var depth = 0;
      if (attrStart && node.hasAttribute && node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) {
        var startNode = node;
        do {
          if (!node) {
            throw $compileMinErr('uterdir',
                      "Unterminated attribute, found '{0}' but no matching '{1}' found.",
                      attrStart, attrEnd);
          }
          if (node.nodeType == 1 /** Element **/) {
            if (node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) depth++;
            if (node.hasAttribute(attrEnd)) depth--;
          }
          nodes.push(node);
          node = node.nextSibling;
        } while (depth > 0);
      } else {
        nodes.push(node);
      }

      return jqLite(nodes);
    }

    /**
     * Wrapper for linking function which converts normal linking function into a grouped
     * linking function.
     * @param linkFn
     * @param attrStart
     * @param attrEnd
     * @returns {Function}
     */
    function groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(linkFn, attrStart, attrEnd) {
      return function(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn) {
        element = groupScan(element[0], attrStart, attrEnd);
        return linkFn(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn);
      };
    }

    /**
     * Once the directives have been collected, their compile functions are executed. This method
     * is responsible for inlining directive templates as well as terminating the application
     * of the directives if the terminal directive has been reached.
     *
     * @param {Array} directives Array of collected directives to execute their compile function.
     *        this needs to be pre-sorted by priority order.
     * @param {Node} compileNode The raw DOM node to apply the compile functions to
     * @param {Object} templateAttrs The shared attribute function
     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
     *                                                  scope argument is auto-generated to the new
     *                                                  child of the transcluded parent scope.
     * @param {JQLite} jqCollection If we are working on the root of the compile tree then this
     *                              argument has the root jqLite array so that we can replace nodes
     *                              on it.
     * @param {Object=} originalReplaceDirective An optional directive that will be ignored when
     *                                           compiling the transclusion.
     * @param {Array.<Function>} preLinkFns
     * @param {Array.<Function>} postLinkFns
     * @param {Object} previousCompileContext Context used for previous compilation of the current
     *                                        node
     * @returns {Function} linkFn
     */
    function applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, templateAttrs, transcludeFn,
                                   jqCollection, originalReplaceDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
                                   previousCompileContext) {
      previousCompileContext = previousCompileContext || {};

      var terminalPriority = -Number.MAX_VALUE,
          newScopeDirective,
          controllerDirectives = previousCompileContext.controllerDirectives,
          newIsolateScopeDirective = previousCompileContext.newIsolateScopeDirective,
          templateDirective = previousCompileContext.templateDirective,
          nonTlbTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.nonTlbTranscludeDirective,
          hasTranscludeDirective = false,
          hasTemplate = false,
          hasElementTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective,
          $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element = jqLite(compileNode),
          directive,
          directiveName,
          $template,
          replaceDirective = originalReplaceDirective,
          childTranscludeFn = transcludeFn,
          linkFn,
          directiveValue;

      // executes all directives on the current element
      for(var i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
        directive = directives[i];
        var attrStart = directive.$$start;
        var attrEnd = directive.$$end;

        // collect multiblock sections
        if (attrStart) {
          $compileNode = groupScan(compileNode, attrStart, attrEnd);
        }
        $template = undefined;

        if (terminalPriority > directive.priority) {
          break; // prevent further processing of directives
        }

        if (directiveValue = directive.scope) {
          newScopeDirective = newScopeDirective || directive;

          // skip the check for directives with async templates, we'll check the derived sync
          // directive when the template arrives
          if (!directive.templateUrl) {
            assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective, directive,
                              $compileNode);
            if (isObject(directiveValue)) {
              newIsolateScopeDirective = directive;
            }
          }
        }

        directiveName = directive.name;

        if (!directive.templateUrl && directive.controller) {
          directiveValue = directive.controller;
          controllerDirectives = controllerDirectives || {};
          assertNoDuplicate("'" + directiveName + "' controller",
              controllerDirectives[directiveName], directive, $compileNode);
          controllerDirectives[directiveName] = directive;
        }

        if (directiveValue = directive.transclude) {
          hasTranscludeDirective = true;

          // Special case ngIf and ngRepeat so that we don't complain about duplicate transclusion.
          // This option should only be used by directives that know how to safely handle element transclusion,
          // where the transcluded nodes are added or replaced after linking.
          if (!directive.$$tlb) {
            assertNoDuplicate('transclusion', nonTlbTranscludeDirective, directive, $compileNode);
            nonTlbTranscludeDirective = directive;
          }

          if (directiveValue == 'element') {
            hasElementTranscludeDirective = true;
            terminalPriority = directive.priority;
            $template = groupScan(compileNode, attrStart, attrEnd);
            $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element =
                jqLite(document.createComment(' ' + directiveName + ': ' +
                                              templateAttrs[directiveName] + ' '));
            compileNode = $compileNode[0];
            replaceWith(jqCollection, jqLite(sliceArgs($template)), compileNode);

            childTranscludeFn = compile($template, transcludeFn, terminalPriority,
                                        replaceDirective && replaceDirective.name, {
                                          // Don't pass in:
                                          // - controllerDirectives - otherwise we'll create duplicates controllers
                                          // - newIsolateScopeDirective or templateDirective - combining templates with
                                          //   element transclusion doesn't make sense.
                                          //
                                          // We need only nonTlbTranscludeDirective so that we prevent putting transclusion
                                          // on the same element more than once.
                                          nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
                                        });
          } else {
            $template = jqLite(jqLiteClone(compileNode)).contents();
            $compileNode.empty(); // clear contents
            childTranscludeFn = compile($template, transcludeFn);
          }
        }

        if (directive.template) {
          hasTemplate = true;
          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
          templateDirective = directive;

          directiveValue = (isFunction(directive.template))
              ? directive.template($compileNode, templateAttrs)
              : directive.template;

          directiveValue = denormalizeTemplate(directiveValue);

          if (directive.replace) {
            replaceDirective = directive;
            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(directiveValue)) {
              $template = [];
            } else {
              $template = jqLite(trim(directiveValue));
            }
            compileNode = $template[0];

            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== 1) {
              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
                  directiveName, '');
            }

            replaceWith(jqCollection, $compileNode, compileNode);

            var newTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};

            // combine directives from the original node and from the template:
            // - take the array of directives for this element
            // - split it into two parts, those that already applied (processed) and those that weren't (unprocessed)
            // - collect directives from the template and sort them by priority
            // - combine directives as: processed + template + unprocessed
            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], newTemplateAttrs);
            var unprocessedDirectives = directives.splice(i + 1, directives.length - (i + 1));

            if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
              markDirectivesAsIsolate(templateDirectives);
            }
            directives = directives.concat(templateDirectives).concat(unprocessedDirectives);
            mergeTemplateAttributes(templateAttrs, newTemplateAttrs);

            ii = directives.length;
          } else {
            $compileNode.html(directiveValue);
          }
        }

        if (directive.templateUrl) {
          hasTemplate = true;
          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
          templateDirective = directive;

          if (directive.replace) {
            replaceDirective = directive;
          }

          nodeLinkFn = compileTemplateUrl(directives.splice(i, directives.length - i), $compileNode,
              templateAttrs, jqCollection, hasTranscludeDirective && childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, {
                controllerDirectives: controllerDirectives,
                newIsolateScopeDirective: newIsolateScopeDirective,
                templateDirective: templateDirective,
                nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
              });
          ii = directives.length;
        } else if (directive.compile) {
          try {
            linkFn = directive.compile($compileNode, templateAttrs, childTranscludeFn);
            if (isFunction(linkFn)) {
              addLinkFns(null, linkFn, attrStart, attrEnd);
            } else if (linkFn) {
              addLinkFns(linkFn.pre, linkFn.post, attrStart, attrEnd);
            }
          } catch (e) {
            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($compileNode));
          }
        }

        if (directive.terminal) {
          nodeLinkFn.terminal = true;
          terminalPriority = Math.max(terminalPriority, directive.priority);
        }

      }

      nodeLinkFn.scope = newScopeDirective && newScopeDirective.scope === true;
      nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement = hasTranscludeDirective;
      nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement = hasTemplate;
      nodeLinkFn.transclude = childTranscludeFn;

      previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective = hasElementTranscludeDirective;

      // might be normal or delayed nodeLinkFn depending on if templateUrl is present
      return nodeLinkFn;

      ////////////////////

      function addLinkFns(pre, post, attrStart, attrEnd) {
        if (pre) {
          if (attrStart) pre = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(pre, attrStart, attrEnd);
          pre.require = directive.require;
          pre.directiveName = directiveName;
          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
            pre = cloneAndAnnotateFn(pre, {isolateScope: true});
          }
          preLinkFns.push(pre);
        }
        if (post) {
          if (attrStart) post = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(post, attrStart, attrEnd);
          post.require = directive.require;
          post.directiveName = directiveName;
          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
            post = cloneAndAnnotateFn(post, {isolateScope: true});
          }
          postLinkFns.push(post);
        }
      }


      function getControllers(directiveName, require, $element, elementControllers) {
        var value, retrievalMethod = 'data', optional = false;
        if (isString(require)) {
          while((value = require.charAt(0)) == '^' || value == '?') {
            require = require.substr(1);
            if (value == '^') {
              retrievalMethod = 'inheritedData';
            }
            optional = optional || value == '?';
          }
          value = null;

          if (elementControllers && retrievalMethod === 'data') {
            value = elementControllers[require];
          }
          value = value || $element[retrievalMethod]('$' + require + 'Controller');

          if (!value && !optional) {
            throw $compileMinErr('ctreq',
                "Controller '{0}', required by directive '{1}', can't be found!",
                require, directiveName);
          }
          return value;
        } else if (isArray(require)) {
          value = [];
          forEach(require, function(require) {
            value.push(getControllers(directiveName, require, $element, elementControllers));
          });
        }
        return value;
      }


      function nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
        var attrs, $element, i, ii, linkFn, controller, isolateScope, elementControllers = {}, transcludeFn;

        if (compileNode === linkNode) {
          attrs = templateAttrs;
        } else {
          attrs = shallowCopy(templateAttrs, new Attributes(jqLite(linkNode), templateAttrs.$attr));
        }
        $element = attrs.$$element;

        if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
          var LOCAL_REGEXP = /^\s*([@=&])(\??)\s*(\w*)\s*$/;
          var $linkNode = jqLite(linkNode);

          isolateScope = scope.$new(true);

          if (templateDirective && (templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective ||
              templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective.$$originalDirective)) {
            $linkNode.data('$isolateScope', isolateScope) ;
          } else {
            $linkNode.data('$isolateScopeNoTemplate', isolateScope);
          }



          safeAddClass($linkNode, 'ng-isolate-scope');

          forEach(newIsolateScopeDirective.scope, function(definition, scopeName) {
            var match = definition.match(LOCAL_REGEXP) || [],
                attrName = match[3] || scopeName,
                optional = (match[2] == '?'),
                mode = match[1], // @, =, or &
                lastValue,
                parentGet, parentSet, compare;

            isolateScope.$$isolateBindings[scopeName] = mode + attrName;

            switch (mode) {

              case '@':
                attrs.$observe(attrName, function(value) {
                  isolateScope[scopeName] = value;
                });
                attrs.$$observers[attrName].$$scope = scope;
                if( attrs[attrName] ) {
                  // If the attribute has been provided then we trigger an interpolation to ensure
                  // the value is there for use in the link fn
                  isolateScope[scopeName] = $interpolate(attrs[attrName])(scope);
                }
                break;

              case '=':
                if (optional && !attrs[attrName]) {
                  return;
                }
                parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
                if (parentGet.literal) {
                  compare = equals;
                } else {
                  compare = function(a,b) { return a === b; };
                }
                parentSet = parentGet.assign || function() {
                  // reset the change, or we will throw this exception on every $digest
                  lastValue = isolateScope[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
                  throw $compileMinErr('nonassign',
                      "Expression '{0}' used with directive '{1}' is non-assignable!",
                      attrs[attrName], newIsolateScopeDirective.name);
                };
                lastValue = isolateScope[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
                isolateScope.$watch(function parentValueWatch() {
                  var parentValue = parentGet(scope);
                  if (!compare(parentValue, isolateScope[scopeName])) {
                    // we are out of sync and need to copy
                    if (!compare(parentValue, lastValue)) {
                      // parent changed and it has precedence
                      isolateScope[scopeName] = parentValue;
                    } else {
                      // if the parent can be assigned then do so
                      parentSet(scope, parentValue = isolateScope[scopeName]);
                    }
                  }
                  return lastValue = parentValue;
                }, null, parentGet.literal);
                break;

              case '&':
                parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
                isolateScope[scopeName] = function(locals) {
                  return parentGet(scope, locals);
                };
                break;

              default:
                throw $compileMinErr('iscp',
                    "Invalid isolate scope definition for directive '{0}'." +
                    " Definition: {... {1}: '{2}' ...}",
                    newIsolateScopeDirective.name, scopeName, definition);
            }
          });
        }
        transcludeFn = boundTranscludeFn && controllersBoundTransclude;
        if (controllerDirectives) {
          forEach(controllerDirectives, function(directive) {
            var locals = {
              $scope: directive === newIsolateScopeDirective || directive.$$isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
              $element: $element,
              $attrs: attrs,
              $transclude: transcludeFn
            }, controllerInstance;

            controller = directive.controller;
            if (controller == '@') {
              controller = attrs[directive.name];
            }

            controllerInstance = $controller(controller, locals);
            // For directives with element transclusion the element is a comment,
            // but jQuery .data doesn't support attaching data to comment nodes as it's hard to
            // clean up (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/8335).
            // Instead, we save the controllers for the element in a local hash and attach to .data
            // later, once we have the actual element.
            elementControllers[directive.name] = controllerInstance;
            if (!hasElementTranscludeDirective) {
              $element.data('$' + directive.name + 'Controller', controllerInstance);
            }

            if (directive.controllerAs) {
              locals.$scope[directive.controllerAs] = controllerInstance;
            }
          });
        }

        // PRELINKING
        for(i = 0, ii = preLinkFns.length; i < ii; i++) {
          try {
            linkFn = preLinkFns[i];
            linkFn(linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope, $element, attrs,
                linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers), transcludeFn);
          } catch (e) {
            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($element));
          }
        }

        // RECURSION
        // We only pass the isolate scope, if the isolate directive has a template,
        // otherwise the child elements do not belong to the isolate directive.
        var scopeToChild = scope;
        if (newIsolateScopeDirective && (newIsolateScopeDirective.template || newIsolateScopeDirective.templateUrl === null)) {
          scopeToChild = isolateScope;
        }
        childLinkFn && childLinkFn(scopeToChild, linkNode.childNodes, undefined, boundTranscludeFn);

        // POSTLINKING
        for(i = postLinkFns.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
          try {
            linkFn = postLinkFns[i];
            linkFn(linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope, $element, attrs,
                linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers), transcludeFn);
          } catch (e) {
            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($element));
          }
        }

        // This is the function that is injected as `$transclude`.
        function controllersBoundTransclude(scope, cloneAttachFn) {
          var transcludeControllers;

          // no scope passed
          if (arguments.length < 2) {
            cloneAttachFn = scope;
            scope = undefined;
          }

          if (hasElementTranscludeDirective) {
            transcludeControllers = elementControllers;
          }

          return boundTranscludeFn(scope, cloneAttachFn, transcludeControllers);
        }
      }
    }

    function markDirectivesAsIsolate(directives) {
      // mark all directives as needing isolate scope.
      for (var j = 0, jj = directives.length; j < jj; j++) {
        directives[j] = inherit(directives[j], {$$isolateScope: true});
      }
    }

    /**
     * looks up the directive and decorates it with exception handling and proper parameters. We
     * call this the boundDirective.
     *
     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
     * @param {string} location The directive must be found in specific format.
     *   String containing any of theses characters:
     *
     *   * `E`: element name
     *   * `A': attribute
     *   * `C`: class
     *   * `M`: comment
     * @returns {boolean} true if directive was added.
     */
    function addDirective(tDirectives, name, location, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, startAttrName,
                          endAttrName) {
      if (name === ignoreDirective) return null;
      var match = null;
      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
        for(var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i<ii; i++) {
          try {
            directive = directives[i];
            if ( (maxPriority === undefined || maxPriority > directive.priority) &&
                 directive.restrict.indexOf(location) != -1) {
              if (startAttrName) {
                directive = inherit(directive, {$$start: startAttrName, $$end: endAttrName});
              }
              tDirectives.push(directive);
              match = directive;
            }
          } catch(e) { $exceptionHandler(e); }
        }
      }
      return match;
    }


    /**
     * When the element is replaced with HTML template then the new attributes
     * on the template need to be merged with the existing attributes in the DOM.
     * The desired effect is to have both of the attributes present.
     *
     * @param {object} dst destination attributes (original DOM)
     * @param {object} src source attributes (from the directive template)
     */
    function mergeTemplateAttributes(dst, src) {
      var srcAttr = src.$attr,
          dstAttr = dst.$attr,
          $element = dst.$$element;

      // reapply the old attributes to the new element
      forEach(dst, function(value, key) {
        if (key.charAt(0) != '$') {
          if (src[key] && src[key] !== value) {
            value += (key === 'style' ? ';' : ' ') + src[key];
          }
          dst.$set(key, value, true, srcAttr[key]);
        }
      });

      // copy the new attributes on the old attrs object
      forEach(src, function(value, key) {
        if (key == 'class') {
          safeAddClass($element, value);
          dst['class'] = (dst['class'] ? dst['class'] + ' ' : '') + value;
        } else if (key == 'style') {
          $element.attr('style', $element.attr('style') + ';' + value);
          dst['style'] = (dst['style'] ? dst['style'] + ';' : '') + value;
          // `dst` will never contain hasOwnProperty as DOM parser won't let it.
          // You will get an "InvalidCharacterError: DOM Exception 5" error if you
          // have an attribute like "has-own-property" or "data-has-own-property", etc.
        } else if (key.charAt(0) != '$' && !dst.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
          dst[key] = value;
          dstAttr[key] = srcAttr[key];
        }
      });
    }


    function compileTemplateUrl(directives, $compileNode, tAttrs,
        $rootElement, childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, previousCompileContext) {
      var linkQueue = [],
          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn,
          afterTemplateChildLinkFn,
          beforeTemplateCompileNode = $compileNode[0],
          origAsyncDirective = directives.shift(),
          // The fact that we have to copy and patch the directive seems wrong!
          derivedSyncDirective = extend({}, origAsyncDirective, {
            templateUrl: null, transclude: null, replace: null, $$originalDirective: origAsyncDirective
          }),
          templateUrl = (isFunction(origAsyncDirective.templateUrl))
              ? origAsyncDirective.templateUrl($compileNode, tAttrs)
              : origAsyncDirective.templateUrl;

      $compileNode.empty();

      $http.get($sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(templateUrl), {cache: $templateCache}).
        success(function(content) {
          var compileNode, tempTemplateAttrs, $template, childBoundTranscludeFn;

          content = denormalizeTemplate(content);

          if (origAsyncDirective.replace) {
            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(content)) {
              $template = [];
            } else {
              $template = jqLite(trim(content));
            }
            compileNode = $template[0];

            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== 1) {
              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
                  origAsyncDirective.name, templateUrl);
            }

            tempTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
            replaceWith($rootElement, $compileNode, compileNode);
            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], tempTemplateAttrs);

            if (isObject(origAsyncDirective.scope)) {
              markDirectivesAsIsolate(templateDirectives);
            }
            directives = templateDirectives.concat(directives);
            mergeTemplateAttributes(tAttrs, tempTemplateAttrs);
          } else {
            compileNode = beforeTemplateCompileNode;
            $compileNode.html(content);
          }

          directives.unshift(derivedSyncDirective);

          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn = applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, tAttrs,
              childTranscludeFn, $compileNode, origAsyncDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
              previousCompileContext);
          forEach($rootElement, function(node, i) {
            if (node == compileNode) {
              $rootElement[i] = $compileNode[0];
            }
          });
          afterTemplateChildLinkFn = compileNodes($compileNode[0].childNodes, childTranscludeFn);

          while(linkQueue.length) {
            var scope = linkQueue.shift(),
                beforeTemplateLinkNode = linkQueue.shift(),
                linkRootElement = linkQueue.shift(),
                boundTranscludeFn = linkQueue.shift(),
                linkNode = $compileNode[0];

            if (beforeTemplateLinkNode !== beforeTemplateCompileNode) {
              var oldClasses = beforeTemplateLinkNode.className;

              if (!(previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective &&
                  origAsyncDirective.replace)) {
                // it was cloned therefore we have to clone as well.
                linkNode = jqLiteClone(compileNode);
              }

              replaceWith(linkRootElement, jqLite(beforeTemplateLinkNode), linkNode);

              // Copy in CSS classes from original node
              safeAddClass(jqLite(linkNode), oldClasses);
            }
            if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
            } else {
              childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
            }
            afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement,
              childBoundTranscludeFn);
          }
          linkQueue = null;
        }).
        error(function(response, code, headers, config) {
          throw $compileMinErr('tpload', 'Failed to load template: {0}', config.url);
        });

      return function delayedNodeLinkFn(ignoreChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
        var childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
        if (linkQueue) {
          linkQueue.push(scope);
          linkQueue.push(node);
          linkQueue.push(rootElement);
          linkQueue.push(childBoundTranscludeFn);
        } else {
          if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
            childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
          }
          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn);
        }
      };
    }


    /**
     * Sorting function for bound directives.
     */
    function byPriority(a, b) {
      var diff = b.priority - a.priority;
      if (diff !== 0) return diff;
      if (a.name !== b.name) return (a.name < b.name) ? -1 : 1;
      return a.index - b.index;
    }


    function assertNoDuplicate(what, previousDirective, directive, element) {
      if (previousDirective) {
        throw $compileMinErr('multidir', 'Multiple directives [{0}, {1}] asking for {2} on: {3}',
            previousDirective.name, directive.name, what, startingTag(element));
      }
    }


      function addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, text) {
        var interpolateFn = $interpolate(text, true);
        if (interpolateFn) {
          directives.push({
            priority: 0,
            compile: function textInterpolateCompileFn(templateNode) {
              // when transcluding a template that has bindings in the root
              // then we don't have a parent and should do this in the linkFn
              var parent = templateNode.parent(), hasCompileParent = parent.length;
              if (hasCompileParent) safeAddClass(templateNode.parent(), 'ng-binding');

              return function textInterpolateLinkFn(scope, node) {
                var parent = node.parent(),
                  bindings = parent.data('$binding') || [];
                bindings.push(interpolateFn);
                parent.data('$binding', bindings);
                if (!hasCompileParent) safeAddClass(parent, 'ng-binding');
                scope.$watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(value) {
                  node[0].nodeValue = value;
                });
              };
            }
          });
        }
      }


    function getTrustedContext(node, attrNormalizedName) {
      if (attrNormalizedName == "srcdoc") {
        return $sce.HTML;
      }
      var tag = nodeName_(node);
      // maction[xlink:href] can source SVG.  It's not limited to <maction>.
      if (attrNormalizedName == "xlinkHref" ||
          (tag == "FORM" && attrNormalizedName == "action") ||
          (tag != "IMG" && (attrNormalizedName == "src" ||
                            attrNormalizedName == "ngSrc"))) {
        return $sce.RESOURCE_URL;
      }
    }


    function addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, name) {
      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(value, true);

      // no interpolation found -> ignore
      if (!interpolateFn) return;


      if (name === "multiple" && nodeName_(node) === "SELECT") {
        throw $compileMinErr("selmulti",
            "Binding to the 'multiple' attribute is not supported. Element: {0}",
            startingTag(node));
      }

      directives.push({
        priority: 100,
        compile: function() {
            return {
              pre: function attrInterpolatePreLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
                var $$observers = (attr.$$observers || (attr.$$observers = {}));

                if (EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP.test(name)) {
                  throw $compileMinErr('nodomevents',
                      "Interpolations for HTML DOM event attributes are disallowed.  Please use the " +
                          "ng- versions (such as ng-click instead of onclick) instead.");
                }

                // we need to interpolate again, in case the attribute value has been updated
                // (e.g. by another directive's compile function)
                interpolateFn = $interpolate(attr[name], true, getTrustedContext(node, name));

                // if attribute was updated so that there is no interpolation going on we don't want to
                // register any observers
                if (!interpolateFn) return;

                // TODO(i): this should likely be attr.$set(name, iterpolateFn(scope) so that we reset the
                // actual attr value
                attr[name] = interpolateFn(scope);
                ($$observers[name] || ($$observers[name] = [])).$$inter = true;
                (attr.$$observers && attr.$$observers[name].$$scope || scope).
                  $watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(newValue, oldValue) {
                    //special case for class attribute addition + removal
                    //so that class changes can tap into the animation
                    //hooks provided by the $animate service. Be sure to
                    //skip animations when the first digest occurs (when
                    //both the new and the old values are the same) since
                    //the CSS classes are the non-interpolated values
                    if(name === 'class' && newValue != oldValue) {
                      attr.$updateClass(newValue, oldValue);
                    } else {
                      attr.$set(name, newValue);
                    }
                  });
              }
            };
          }
      });
    }


    /**
     * This is a special jqLite.replaceWith, which can replace items which
     * have no parents, provided that the containing jqLite collection is provided.
     *
     * @param {JqLite=} $rootElement The root of the compile tree. Used so that we can replace nodes
     *                               in the root of the tree.
     * @param {JqLite} elementsToRemove The jqLite element which we are going to replace. We keep
     *                                  the shell, but replace its DOM node reference.
     * @param {Node} newNode The new DOM node.
     */
    function replaceWith($rootElement, elementsToRemove, newNode) {
      var firstElementToRemove = elementsToRemove[0],
          removeCount = elementsToRemove.length,
          parent = firstElementToRemove.parentNode,
          i, ii;

      if ($rootElement) {
        for(i = 0, ii = $rootElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
          if ($rootElement[i] == firstElementToRemove) {
            $rootElement[i++] = newNode;
            for (var j = i, j2 = j + removeCount - 1,
                     jj = $rootElement.length;
                 j < jj; j++, j2++) {
              if (j2 < jj) {
                $rootElement[j] = $rootElement[j2];
              } else {
                delete $rootElement[j];
              }
            }
            $rootElement.length -= removeCount - 1;
            break;
          }
        }
      }

      if (parent) {
        parent.replaceChild(newNode, firstElementToRemove);
      }
      var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
      fragment.appendChild(firstElementToRemove);
      newNode[jqLite.expando] = firstElementToRemove[jqLite.expando];
      for (var k = 1, kk = elementsToRemove.length; k < kk; k++) {
        var element = elementsToRemove[k];
        jqLite(element).remove(); // must do this way to clean up expando
        fragment.appendChild(element);
        delete elementsToRemove[k];
      }

      elementsToRemove[0] = newNode;
      elementsToRemove.length = 1;
    }


    function cloneAndAnnotateFn(fn, annotation) {
      return extend(function() { return fn.apply(null, arguments); }, fn, annotation);
    }
  }];
}

var PREFIX_REGEXP = /^(x[\:\-_]|data[\:\-_])/i;
/**
 * Converts all accepted directives format into proper directive name.
 * All of these will become 'myDirective':
 *   my:Directive
 *   my-directive
 *   x-my-directive
 *   data-my:directive
 *
 * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
 * @param name Name to normalize
 */
function directiveNormalize(name) {
  return camelCase(name.replace(PREFIX_REGEXP, ''));
}

/**
 * @ngdoc type
 * @name $compile.directive.Attributes
 *
 * @description
 * A shared object between directive compile / linking functions which contains normalized DOM
 * element attributes. The values reflect current binding state `{{ }}`. The normalization is
 * needed since all of these are treated as equivalent in Angular:
 *
 * ```
 *    <span ng:bind="a" ng-bind="a" data-ng-bind="a" x-ng-bind="a">
 * ```
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc property
 * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$attr
 * @returns {object} A map of DOM element attribute names to the normalized name. This is
 *                   needed to do reverse lookup from normalized name back to actual name.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$set
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Set DOM element attribute value.
 *
 *
 * @param {string} name Normalized element attribute name of the property to modify. The name is
 *          reverse-translated using the {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$attr $attr}
 *          property to the original name.
 * @param {string} value Value to set the attribute to. The value can be an interpolated string.
 */



/**
 * Closure compiler type information
 */

function nodesetLinkingFn(
  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
  /* NodeList */ nodeList,
  /* Element */ rootElement,
  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
){}

function directiveLinkingFn(
  /* nodesetLinkingFn */ nodesetLinkingFn,
  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
  /* Node */ node,
  /* Element */ rootElement,
  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
){}

function tokenDifference(str1, str2) {
  var values = '',
      tokens1 = str1.split(/\s+/),
      tokens2 = str2.split(/\s+/);

  outer:
  for(var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
    var token = tokens1[i];
    for(var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
      if(token == tokens2[j]) continue outer;
    }
    values += (values.length > 0 ? ' ' : '') + token;
  }
  return values;
}

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $controllerProvider
 * @description
 * The {@link ng.$controller $controller service} is used by Angular to create new
 * controllers.
 *
 * This provider allows controller registration via the
 * {@link ng.$controllerProvider#register register} method.
 */
function $ControllerProvider() {
  var controllers = {},
      CNTRL_REG = /^(\S+)(\s+as\s+(\w+))?$/;


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $controllerProvider#register
   * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the keys are
   *    the names and the values are the constructors.
   * @param {Function|Array} constructor Controller constructor fn (optionally decorated with DI
   *    annotations in the array notation).
   */
  this.register = function(name, constructor) {
    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'controller');
    if (isObject(name)) {
      extend(controllers, name);
    } else {
      controllers[name] = constructor;
    }
  };


  this.$get = ['$injector', '$window', function($injector, $window) {

    /**
     * @ngdoc service
     * @name $controller
     * @requires $injector
     *
     * @param {Function|string} constructor If called with a function then it's considered to be the
     *    controller constructor function. Otherwise it's considered to be a string which is used
     *    to retrieve the controller constructor using the following steps:
     *
     *    * check if a controller with given name is registered via `$controllerProvider`
     *    * check if evaluating the string on the current scope returns a constructor
     *    * check `window[constructor]` on the global `window` object
     *
     * @param {Object} locals Injection locals for Controller.
     * @return {Object} Instance of given controller.
     *
     * @description
     * `$controller` service is responsible for instantiating controllers.
     *
     * It's just a simple call to {@link auto.$injector $injector}, but extracted into
     * a service, so that one can override this service with [BC version](https://gist.github.com/1649788).
     */
    return function(expression, locals) {
      var instance, match, constructor, identifier;

      if(isString(expression)) {
        match = expression.match(CNTRL_REG),
        constructor = match[1],
        identifier = match[3];
        expression = controllers.hasOwnProperty(constructor)
            ? controllers[constructor]
            : getter(locals.$scope, constructor, true) || getter($window, constructor, true);

        assertArgFn(expression, constructor, true);
      }

      instance = $injector.instantiate(expression, locals);

      if (identifier) {
        if (!(locals && typeof locals.$scope === 'object')) {
          throw minErr('$controller')('noscp',
              "Cannot export controller '{0}' as '{1}'! No $scope object provided via `locals`.",
              constructor || expression.name, identifier);
        }

        locals.$scope[identifier] = instance;
      }

      return instance;
    };
  }];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $document
 * @requires $window
 *
 * @description
 * A {@link angular.element jQuery or jqLite} wrapper for the browser's `window.document` object.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="MainCtrl">
         <p>$document title: <b ng-bind="title"></b></p>
         <p>window.document title: <b ng-bind="windowTitle"></b></p>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="script.js">
       function MainCtrl($scope, $document) {
         $scope.title = $document[0].title;
         $scope.windowTitle = angular.element(window.document)[0].title;
       }
     </file>
   </example>
 */
function $DocumentProvider(){
  this.$get = ['$window', function(window){
    return jqLite(window.document);
  }];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $exceptionHandler
 * @requires ng.$log
 *
 * @description
 * Any uncaught exception in angular expressions is delegated to this service.
 * The default implementation simply delegates to `$log.error` which logs it into
 * the browser console.
 *
 * In unit tests, if `angular-mocks.js` is loaded, this service is overridden by
 * {@link ngMock.$exceptionHandler mock $exceptionHandler} which aids in testing.
 *
 * ## Example:
 *
 * ```js
 *   angular.module('exceptionOverride', []).factory('$exceptionHandler', function () {
 *     return function (exception, cause) {
 *       exception.message += ' (caused by "' + cause + '")';
 *       throw exception;
 *     };
 *   });
 * ```
 *
 * This example will override the normal action of `$exceptionHandler`, to make angular
 * exceptions fail hard when they happen, instead of just logging to the console.
 *
 * @param {Error} exception Exception associated with the error.
 * @param {string=} cause optional information about the context in which
 *       the error was thrown.
 *
 */
function $ExceptionHandlerProvider() {
  this.$get = ['$log', function($log) {
    return function(exception, cause) {
      $log.error.apply($log, arguments);
    };
  }];
}

/**
 * Parse headers into key value object
 *
 * @param {string} headers Raw headers as a string
 * @returns {Object} Parsed headers as key value object
 */
function parseHeaders(headers) {
  var parsed = {}, key, val, i;

  if (!headers) return parsed;

  forEach(headers.split('\n'), function(line) {
    i = line.indexOf(':');
    key = lowercase(trim(line.substr(0, i)));
    val = trim(line.substr(i + 1));

    if (key) {
      if (parsed[key]) {
        parsed[key] += ', ' + val;
      } else {
        parsed[key] = val;
      }
    }
  });

  return parsed;
}


/**
 * Returns a function that provides access to parsed headers.
 *
 * Headers are lazy parsed when first requested.
 * @see parseHeaders
 *
 * @param {(string|Object)} headers Headers to provide access to.
 * @returns {function(string=)} Returns a getter function which if called with:
 *
 *   - if called with single an argument returns a single header value or null
 *   - if called with no arguments returns an object containing all headers.
 */
function headersGetter(headers) {
  var headersObj = isObject(headers) ? headers : undefined;

  return function(name) {
    if (!headersObj) headersObj =  parseHeaders(headers);

    if (name) {
      return headersObj[lowercase(name)] || null;
    }

    return headersObj;
  };
}


/**
 * Chain all given functions
 *
 * This function is used for both request and response transforming
 *
 * @param {*} data Data to transform.
 * @param {function(string=)} headers Http headers getter fn.
 * @param {(Function|Array.<Function>)} fns Function or an array of functions.
 * @returns {*} Transformed data.
 */
function transformData(data, headers, fns) {
  if (isFunction(fns))
    return fns(data, headers);

  forEach(fns, function(fn) {
    data = fn(data, headers);
  });

  return data;
}


function isSuccess(status) {
  return 200 <= status && status < 300;
}


function $HttpProvider() {
  var JSON_START = /^\s*(\[|\{[^\{])/,
      JSON_END = /[\}\]]\s*$/,
      PROTECTION_PREFIX = /^\)\]\}',?\n/,
      CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON = {'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8'};

  var defaults = this.defaults = {
    // transform incoming response data
    transformResponse: [function(data) {
      if (isString(data)) {
        // strip json vulnerability protection prefix
        data = data.replace(PROTECTION_PREFIX, '');
        if (JSON_START.test(data) && JSON_END.test(data))
          data = fromJson(data);
      }
      return data;
    }],

    // transform outgoing request data
    transformRequest: [function(d) {
      return isObject(d) && !isFile(d) && !isBlob(d) ? toJson(d) : d;
    }],

    // default headers
    headers: {
      common: {
        'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'
      },
      post:   shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
      put:    shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
      patch:  shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON)
    },

    xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',
    xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN'
  };

  /**
   * Are ordered by request, i.e. they are applied in the same order as the
   * array, on request, but reverse order, on response.
   */
  var interceptorFactories = this.interceptors = [];

  /**
   * For historical reasons, response interceptors are ordered by the order in which
   * they are applied to the response. (This is the opposite of interceptorFactories)
   */
  var responseInterceptorFactories = this.responseInterceptors = [];

  this.$get = ['$httpBackend', '$browser', '$cacheFactory', '$rootScope', '$q', '$injector',
      function($httpBackend, $browser, $cacheFactory, $rootScope, $q, $injector) {

    var defaultCache = $cacheFactory('$http');

    /**
     * Interceptors stored in reverse order. Inner interceptors before outer interceptors.
     * The reversal is needed so that we can build up the interception chain around the
     * server request.
     */
    var reversedInterceptors = [];

    forEach(interceptorFactories, function(interceptorFactory) {
      reversedInterceptors.unshift(isString(interceptorFactory)
          ? $injector.get(interceptorFactory) : $injector.invoke(interceptorFactory));
    });

    forEach(responseInterceptorFactories, function(interceptorFactory, index) {
      var responseFn = isString(interceptorFactory)
          ? $injector.get(interceptorFactory)
          : $injector.invoke(interceptorFactory);

      /**
       * Response interceptors go before "around" interceptors (no real reason, just
       * had to pick one.) But they are already reversed, so we can't use unshift, hence
       * the splice.
       */
      reversedInterceptors.splice(index, 0, {
        response: function(response) {
          return responseFn($q.when(response));
        },
        responseError: function(response) {
          return responseFn($q.reject(response));
        }
      });
    });


    /**
     * @ngdoc service
     * @kind function
     * @name $http
     * @requires ng.$httpBackend
     * @requires $cacheFactory
     * @requires $rootScope
     * @requires $q
     * @requires $injector
     *
     * @description
     * The `$http` service is a core Angular service that facilitates communication with the remote
     * HTTP servers via the browser's [XMLHttpRequest](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/xmlhttprequest)
     * object or via [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP).
     *
     * For unit testing applications that use `$http` service, see
     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend $httpBackend mock}.
     *
     * For a higher level of abstraction, please check out the {@link ngResource.$resource
     * $resource} service.
     *
     * The $http API is based on the {@link ng.$q deferred/promise APIs} exposed by
     * the $q service. While for simple usage patterns this doesn't matter much, for advanced usage
     * it is important to familiarize yourself with these APIs and the guarantees they provide.
     *
     *
     * # General usage
     * The `$http` service is a function which takes a single argument — a configuration object —
     * that is used to generate an HTTP request and returns  a {@link ng.$q promise}
     * with two $http specific methods: `success` and `error`.
     *
     * ```js
     *   $http({method: 'GET', url: '/someUrl'}).
     *     success(function(data, status, headers, config) {
     *       // this callback will be called asynchronously
     *       // when the response is available
     *     }).
     *     error(function(data, status, headers, config) {
     *       // called asynchronously if an error occurs
     *       // or server returns response with an error status.
     *     });
     * ```
     *
     * Since the returned value of calling the $http function is a `promise`, you can also use
     * the `then` method to register callbacks, and these callbacks will receive a single argument –
     * an object representing the response. See the API signature and type info below for more
     * details.
     *
     * A response status code between 200 and 299 is considered a success status and
     * will result in the success callback being called. Note that if the response is a redirect,
     * XMLHttpRequest will transparently follow it, meaning that the error callback will not be
     * called for such responses.
     *
     * # Writing Unit Tests that use $http
     * When unit testing (using {@link ngMock ngMock}), it is necessary to call
     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend#flush $httpBackend.flush()} to flush each pending
     * request using trained responses.
     *
     * ```
     * $httpBackend.expectGET(...);
     * $http.get(...);
     * $httpBackend.flush();
     * ```
     *
     * # Shortcut methods
     *
     * Shortcut methods are also available. All shortcut methods require passing in the URL, and
     * request data must be passed in for POST/PUT requests.
     *
     * ```js
     *   $http.get('/someUrl').success(successCallback);
     *   $http.post('/someUrl', data).success(successCallback);
     * ```
     *
     * Complete list of shortcut methods:
     *
     * - {@link ng.$http#get $http.get}
     * - {@link ng.$http#head $http.head}
     * - {@link ng.$http#post $http.post}
     * - {@link ng.$http#put $http.put}
     * - {@link ng.$http#delete $http.delete}
     * - {@link ng.$http#jsonp $http.jsonp}
     *
     *
     * # Setting HTTP Headers
     *
     * The $http service will automatically add certain HTTP headers to all requests. These defaults
     * can be fully configured by accessing the `$httpProvider.defaults.headers` configuration
     * object, which currently contains this default configuration:
     *
     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.common` (headers that are common for all requests):
     *   - `Accept: application/json, text/plain, * / *`
     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.post`: (header defaults for POST requests)
     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.put` (header defaults for PUT requests)
     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
     *
     * To add or overwrite these defaults, simply add or remove a property from these configuration
     * objects. To add headers for an HTTP method other than POST or PUT, simply add a new object
     * with the lowercased HTTP method name as the key, e.g.
     * `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.get = { 'My-Header' : 'value' }.
     *
     * The defaults can also be set at runtime via the `$http.defaults` object in the same
     * fashion. For example:
     *
     * ```
     * module.run(function($http) {
     *   $http.defaults.headers.common.Authorization = 'Basic YmVlcDpib29w'
     * });
     * ```
     *
     * In addition, you can supply a `headers` property in the config object passed when
     * calling `$http(config)`, which overrides the defaults without changing them globally.
     *
     *
     * # Transforming Requests and Responses
     *
     * Both requests and responses can be transformed using transform functions. By default, Angular
     * applies these transformations:
     *
     * Request transformations:
     *
     * - If the `data` property of the request configuration object contains an object, serialize it
     *   into JSON format.
     *
     * Response transformations:
     *
     *  - If XSRF prefix is detected, strip it (see Security Considerations section below).
     *  - If JSON response is detected, deserialize it using a JSON parser.
     *
     * To globally augment or override the default transforms, modify the
     * `$httpProvider.defaults.transformRequest` and `$httpProvider.defaults.transformResponse`
     * properties. These properties are by default an array of transform functions, which allows you
     * to `push` or `unshift` a new transformation function into the transformation chain. You can
     * also decide to completely override any default transformations by assigning your
     * transformation functions to these properties directly without the array wrapper.  These defaults
     * are again available on the $http factory at run-time, which may be useful if you have run-time
     * services you wish to be involved in your transformations.
     *
     * Similarly, to locally override the request/response transforms, augment the
     * `transformRequest` and/or `transformResponse` properties of the configuration object passed
     * into `$http`.
     *
     *
     * # Caching
     *
     * To enable caching, set the request configuration `cache` property to `true` (to use default
     * cache) or to a custom cache object (built with {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}).
     * When the cache is enabled, `$http` stores the response from the server in the specified
     * cache. The next time the same request is made, the response is served from the cache without
     * sending a request to the server.
     *
     * Note that even if the response is served from cache, delivery of the data is asynchronous in
     * the same way that real requests are.
     *
     * If there are multiple GET requests for the same URL that should be cached using the same
     * cache, but the cache is not populated yet, only one request to the server will be made and
     * the remaining requests will be fulfilled using the response from the first request.
     *
     * You can change the default cache to a new object (built with
     * {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}) by updating the
     * {@link ng.$http#properties_defaults `$http.defaults.cache`} property. All requests who set
     * their `cache` property to `true` will now use this cache object.
     *
     * If you set the default cache to `false` then only requests that specify their own custom
     * cache object will be cached.
     *
     * # Interceptors
     *
     * Before you start creating interceptors, be sure to understand the
     * {@link ng.$q $q and deferred/promise APIs}.
     *
     * For purposes of global error handling, authentication, or any kind of synchronous or
     * asynchronous pre-processing of request or postprocessing of responses, it is desirable to be
     * able to intercept requests before they are handed to the server and
     * responses before they are handed over to the application code that
     * initiated these requests. The interceptors leverage the {@link ng.$q
     * promise APIs} to fulfill this need for both synchronous and asynchronous pre-processing.
     *
     * The interceptors are service factories that are registered with the `$httpProvider` by
     * adding them to the `$httpProvider.interceptors` array. The factory is called and
     * injected with dependencies (if specified) and returns the interceptor.
     *
     * There are two kinds of interceptors (and two kinds of rejection interceptors):
     *
     *   * `request`: interceptors get called with a http `config` object. The function is free to
     *     modify the `config` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `config`
     *     object directly, or a promise containing the `config` or a new `config` object.
     *   * `requestError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
     *     resolved with a rejection.
     *   * `response`: interceptors get called with http `response` object. The function is free to
     *     modify the `response` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `response`
     *     object directly, or as a promise containing the `response` or a new `response` object.
     *   * `responseError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
     *     resolved with a rejection.
     *
     *
     * ```js
     *   // register the interceptor as a service
     *   $provide.factory('myHttpInterceptor', function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
     *     return {
     *       // optional method
     *       'request': function(config) {
     *         // do something on success
     *         return config;
     *       },
     *
     *       // optional method
     *      'requestError': function(rejection) {
     *         // do something on error
     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
     *           return responseOrNewPromise
     *         }
     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
     *       },
     *
     *
     *
     *       // optional method
     *       'response': function(response) {
     *         // do something on success
     *         return response;
     *       },
     *
     *       // optional method
     *      'responseError': function(rejection) {
     *         // do something on error
     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
     *           return responseOrNewPromise
     *         }
     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
     *       }
     *     };
     *   });
     *
     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push('myHttpInterceptor');
     *
     *
     *   // alternatively, register the interceptor via an anonymous factory
     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push(function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
     *     return {
     *      'request': function(config) {
     *          // same as above
     *       },
     *
     *       'response': function(response) {
     *          // same as above
     *       }
     *     };
     *   });
     * ```
     *
     * # Response interceptors (DEPRECATED)
     *
     * Before you start creating interceptors, be sure to understand the
     * {@link ng.$q $q and deferred/promise APIs}.
     *
     * For purposes of global error handling, authentication or any kind of synchronous or
     * asynchronous preprocessing of received responses, it is desirable to be able to intercept
     * responses for http requests before they are handed over to the application code that
     * initiated these requests. The response interceptors leverage the {@link ng.$q
     * promise apis} to fulfil this need for both synchronous and asynchronous preprocessing.
     *
     * The interceptors are service factories that are registered with the $httpProvider by
     * adding them to the `$httpProvider.responseInterceptors` array. The factory is called and
     * injected with dependencies (if specified) and returns the interceptor  — a function that
     * takes a {@link ng.$q promise} and returns the original or a new promise.
     *
     * ```js
     *   // register the interceptor as a service
     *   $provide.factory('myHttpInterceptor', function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
     *     return function(promise) {
     *       return promise.then(function(response) {
     *         // do something on success
     *         return response;
     *       }, function(response) {
     *         // do something on error
     *         if (canRecover(response)) {
     *           return responseOrNewPromise
     *         }
     *         return $q.reject(response);
     *       });
     *     }
     *   });
     *
     *   $httpProvider.responseInterceptors.push('myHttpInterceptor');
     *
     *
     *   // register the interceptor via an anonymous factory
     *   $httpProvider.responseInterceptors.push(function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
     *     return function(promise) {
     *       // same as above
     *     }
     *   });
     * ```
     *
     *
     * # Security Considerations
     *
     * When designing web applications, consider security threats from:
     *
     * - [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
     * - [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery)
     *
     * Both server and the client must cooperate in order to eliminate these threats. Angular comes
     * pre-configured with strategies that address these issues, but for this to work backend server
     * cooperation is required.
     *
     * ## JSON Vulnerability Protection
     *
     * A [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
     * allows third party website to turn your JSON resource URL into
     * [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP) request under some conditions. To
     * counter this your server can prefix all JSON requests with following string `")]}',\n"`.
     * Angular will automatically strip the prefix before processing it as JSON.
     *
     * For example if your server needs to return:
     * ```js
     * ['one','two']
     * ```
     *
     * which is vulnerable to attack, your server can return:
     * ```js
     * )]}',
     * ['one','two']
     * ```
     *
     * Angular will strip the prefix, before processing the JSON.
     *
     *
     * ## Cross Site Request Forgery (XSRF) Protection
     *
     * [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery) is a technique by which
     * an unauthorized site can gain your user's private data. Angular provides a mechanism
     * to counter XSRF. When performing XHR requests, the $http service reads a token from a cookie
     * (by default, `XSRF-TOKEN`) and sets it as an HTTP header (`X-XSRF-TOKEN`). Since only
     * JavaScript that runs on your domain could read the cookie, your server can be assured that
     * the XHR came from JavaScript running on your domain. The header will not be set for
     * cross-domain requests.
     *
     * To take advantage of this, your server needs to set a token in a JavaScript readable session
     * cookie called `XSRF-TOKEN` on the first HTTP GET request. On subsequent XHR requests the
     * server can verify that the cookie matches `X-XSRF-TOKEN` HTTP header, and therefore be sure
     * that only JavaScript running on your domain could have sent the request. The token must be
     * unique for each user and must be verifiable by the server (to prevent the JavaScript from
     * making up its own tokens). We recommend that the token is a digest of your site's
     * authentication cookie with a [salt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(cryptography))
     * for added security.
     *
     * The name of the headers can be specified using the xsrfHeaderName and xsrfCookieName
     * properties of either $httpProvider.defaults at config-time, $http.defaults at run-time,
     * or the per-request config object.
     *
     *
     * @param {object} config Object describing the request to be made and how it should be
     *    processed. The object has following properties:
     *
     *    - **method** – `{string}` – HTTP method (e.g. 'GET', 'POST', etc)
     *    - **url** – `{string}` – Absolute or relative URL of the resource that is being requested.
     *    - **params** – `{Object.<string|Object>}` – Map of strings or objects which will be turned
     *      to `?key1=value1&key2=value2` after the url. If the value is not a string, it will be
     *      JSONified.
     *    - **data** – `{string|Object}` – Data to be sent as the request message data.
     *    - **headers** – `{Object}` – Map of strings or functions which return strings representing
     *      HTTP headers to send to the server. If the return value of a function is null, the
     *      header will not be sent.
     *    - **xsrfHeaderName** – `{string}` – Name of HTTP header to populate with the XSRF token.
     *    - **xsrfCookieName** – `{string}` – Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
     *    - **transformRequest** –
     *      `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
     *      request body and headers and returns its transformed (typically serialized) version.
     *    - **transformResponse** –
     *      `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
     *      response body and headers and returns its transformed (typically deserialized) version.
     *    - **cache** – `{boolean|Cache}` – If true, a default $http cache will be used to cache the
     *      GET request, otherwise if a cache instance built with
     *      {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}, this cache will be used for
     *      caching.
     *    - **timeout** – `{number|Promise}` – timeout in milliseconds, or {@link ng.$q promise}
     *      that should abort the request when resolved.
     *    - **withCredentials** - `{boolean}` - whether to set the `withCredentials` flag on the
     *      XHR object. See [requests with credentials]https://developer.mozilla.org/en/http_access_control#section_5
     *      for more information.
     *    - **responseType** - `{string}` - see
     *      [requestType](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/XMLHttpRequest#responseType).
     *
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Returns a {@link ng.$q promise} object with the
     *   standard `then` method and two http specific methods: `success` and `error`. The `then`
     *   method takes two arguments a success and an error callback which will be called with a
     *   response object. The `success` and `error` methods take a single argument - a function that
     *   will be called when the request succeeds or fails respectively. The arguments passed into
     *   these functions are destructured representation of the response object passed into the
     *   `then` method. The response object has these properties:
     *
     *   - **data** – `{string|Object}` – The response body transformed with the transform
     *     functions.
     *   - **status** – `{number}` – HTTP status code of the response.
     *   - **headers** – `{function([headerName])}` – Header getter function.
     *   - **config** – `{Object}` – The configuration object that was used to generate the request.
     *   - **statusText** – `{string}` – HTTP status text of the response.
     *
     * @property {Array.<Object>} pendingRequests Array of config objects for currently pending
     *   requests. This is primarily meant to be used for debugging purposes.
     *
     *
     * @example
<example>
<file name="index.html">
  <div ng-controller="FetchCtrl">
    <select ng-model="method">
      <option>GET</option>
      <option>JSONP</option>
    </select>
    <input type="text" ng-model="url" size="80"/>
    <button id="fetchbtn" ng-click="fetch()">fetch</button><br>
    <button id="samplegetbtn" ng-click="updateModel('GET', 'http-hello.html')">Sample GET</button>
    <button id="samplejsonpbtn"
      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP',
                    'https://angularjs.org/greet.php?callback=JSON_CALLBACK&name=Super%20Hero')">
      Sample JSONP
    </button>
    <button id="invalidjsonpbtn"
      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP', 'https://angularjs.org/doesntexist&callback=JSON_CALLBACK')">
        Invalid JSONP
      </button>
    <pre>http status code: {{status}}</pre>
    <pre>http response data: {{data}}</pre>
  </div>
</file>
<file name="script.js">
  function FetchCtrl($scope, $http, $templateCache) {
    $scope.method = 'GET';
    $scope.url = 'http-hello.html';

    $scope.fetch = function() {
      $scope.code = null;
      $scope.response = null;

      $http({method: $scope.method, url: $scope.url, cache: $templateCache}).
        success(function(data, status) {
          $scope.status = status;
          $scope.data = data;
        }).
        error(function(data, status) {
          $scope.data = data || "Request failed";
          $scope.status = status;
      });
    };

    $scope.updateModel = function(method, url) {
      $scope.method = method;
      $scope.url = url;
    };
  }
</file>
<file name="http-hello.html">
  Hello, $http!
</file>
<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
  var status = element(by.binding('status'));
  var data = element(by.binding('data'));
  var fetchBtn = element(by.id('fetchbtn'));
  var sampleGetBtn = element(by.id('samplegetbtn'));
  var sampleJsonpBtn = element(by.id('samplejsonpbtn'));
  var invalidJsonpBtn = element(by.id('invalidjsonpbtn'));

  it('should make an xhr GET request', function() {
    sampleGetBtn.click();
    fetchBtn.click();
    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
    expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Hello, \$http!/);
  });

  it('should make a JSONP request to angularjs.org', function() {
    sampleJsonpBtn.click();
    fetchBtn.click();
    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
    expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Super Hero!/);
  });

  it('should make JSONP request to invalid URL and invoke the error handler',
      function() {
    invalidJsonpBtn.click();
    fetchBtn.click();
    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('0');
    expect(data.getText()).toMatch('Request failed');
  });
</file>
</example>
     */
    function $http(requestConfig) {
      var config = {
        method: 'get',
        transformRequest: defaults.transformRequest,
        transformResponse: defaults.transformResponse
      };
      var headers = mergeHeaders(requestConfig);

      extend(config, requestConfig);
      config.headers = headers;
      config.method = uppercase(config.method);

      var serverRequest = function(config) {
        headers = config.headers;
        var reqData = transformData(config.data, headersGetter(headers), config.transformRequest);

        // strip content-type if data is undefined
        if (isUndefined(config.data)) {
          forEach(headers, function(value, header) {
            if (lowercase(header) === 'content-type') {
                delete headers[header];
            }
          });
        }

        if (isUndefined(config.withCredentials) && !isUndefined(defaults.withCredentials)) {
          config.withCredentials = defaults.withCredentials;
        }

        // send request
        return sendReq(config, reqData, headers).then(transformResponse, transformResponse);
      };

      var chain = [serverRequest, undefined];
      var promise = $q.when(config);

      // apply interceptors
      forEach(reversedInterceptors, function(interceptor) {
        if (interceptor.request || interceptor.requestError) {
          chain.unshift(interceptor.request, interceptor.requestError);
        }
        if (interceptor.response || interceptor.responseError) {
          chain.push(interceptor.response, interceptor.responseError);
        }
      });

      while(chain.length) {
        var thenFn = chain.shift();
        var rejectFn = chain.shift();

        promise = promise.then(thenFn, rejectFn);
      }

      promise.success = function(fn) {
        promise.then(function(response) {
          fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
        });
        return promise;
      };

      promise.error = function(fn) {
        promise.then(null, function(response) {
          fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
        });
        return promise;
      };

      return promise;

      function transformResponse(response) {
        // make a copy since the response must be cacheable
        var resp = extend({}, response, {
          data: transformData(response.data, response.headers, config.transformResponse)
        });
        return (isSuccess(response.status))
          ? resp
          : $q.reject(resp);
      }

      function mergeHeaders(config) {
        var defHeaders = defaults.headers,
            reqHeaders = extend({}, config.headers),
            defHeaderName, lowercaseDefHeaderName, reqHeaderName;

        defHeaders = extend({}, defHeaders.common, defHeaders[lowercase(config.method)]);

        // execute if header value is function
        execHeaders(defHeaders);
        execHeaders(reqHeaders);

        // using for-in instead of forEach to avoid unecessary iteration after header has been found
        defaultHeadersIteration:
        for (defHeaderName in defHeaders) {
          lowercaseDefHeaderName = lowercase(defHeaderName);

          for (reqHeaderName in reqHeaders) {
            if (lowercase(reqHeaderName) === lowercaseDefHeaderName) {
              continue defaultHeadersIteration;
            }
          }

          reqHeaders[defHeaderName] = defHeaders[defHeaderName];
        }

        return reqHeaders;

        function execHeaders(headers) {
          var headerContent;

          forEach(headers, function(headerFn, header) {
            if (isFunction(headerFn)) {
              headerContent = headerFn();
              if (headerContent != null) {
                headers[header] = headerContent;
              } else {
                delete headers[header];
              }
            }
          });
        }
      }
    }

    $http.pendingRequests = [];

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $http#get
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `GET` request.
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $http#delete
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `DELETE` request.
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $http#head
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `HEAD` request.
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $http#jsonp
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `JSONP` request.
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request.
     *                     Should contain `JSON_CALLBACK` string.
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */
    createShortMethods('get', 'delete', 'head', 'jsonp');

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $http#post
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `POST` request.
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {*} data Request content
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $http#put
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `PUT` request.
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {*} data Request content
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */
    createShortMethodsWithData('post', 'put');

        /**
         * @ngdoc property
         * @name $http#defaults
         *
         * @description
         * Runtime equivalent of the `$httpProvider.defaults` property. Allows configuration of
         * default headers, withCredentials as well as request and response transformations.
         *
         * See "Setting HTTP Headers" and "Transforming Requests and Responses" sections above.
         */
    $http.defaults = defaults;


    return $http;


    function createShortMethods(names) {
      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
        $http[name] = function(url, config) {
          return $http(extend(config || {}, {
            method: name,
            url: url
          }));
        };
      });
    }


    function createShortMethodsWithData(name) {
      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
        $http[name] = function(url, data, config) {
          return $http(extend(config || {}, {
            method: name,
            url: url,
            data: data
          }));
        };
      });
    }


    /**
     * Makes the request.
     *
     * !!! ACCESSES CLOSURE VARS:
     * $httpBackend, defaults, $log, $rootScope, defaultCache, $http.pendingRequests
     */
    function sendReq(config, reqData, reqHeaders) {
      var deferred = $q.defer(),
          promise = deferred.promise,
          cache,
          cachedResp,
          url = buildUrl(config.url, config.params);

      $http.pendingRequests.push(config);
      promise.then(removePendingReq, removePendingReq);


      if ((config.cache || defaults.cache) && config.cache !== false && config.method == 'GET') {
        cache = isObject(config.cache) ? config.cache
              : isObject(defaults.cache) ? defaults.cache
              : defaultCache;
      }

      if (cache) {
        cachedResp = cache.get(url);
        if (isDefined(cachedResp)) {
          if (cachedResp.then) {
            // cached request has already been sent, but there is no response yet
            cachedResp.then(removePendingReq, removePendingReq);
            return cachedResp;
          } else {
            // serving from cache
            if (isArray(cachedResp)) {
              resolvePromise(cachedResp[1], cachedResp[0], shallowCopy(cachedResp[2]), cachedResp[3]);
            } else {
              resolvePromise(cachedResp, 200, {}, 'OK');
            }
          }
        } else {
          // put the promise for the non-transformed response into cache as a placeholder
          cache.put(url, promise);
        }
      }


      // if we won't have the response in cache, set the xsrf headers and
      // send the request to the backend
      if (isUndefined(cachedResp)) {
        var xsrfValue = urlIsSameOrigin(config.url)
            ? $browser.cookies()[config.xsrfCookieName || defaults.xsrfCookieName]
            : undefined;
        if (xsrfValue) {
          reqHeaders[(config.xsrfHeaderName || defaults.xsrfHeaderName)] = xsrfValue;
        }

        $httpBackend(config.method, url, reqData, done, reqHeaders, config.timeout,
            config.withCredentials, config.responseType);
      }

      return promise;


      /**
       * Callback registered to $httpBackend():
       *  - caches the response if desired
       *  - resolves the raw $http promise
       *  - calls $apply
       */
      function done(status, response, headersString, statusText) {
        if (cache) {
          if (isSuccess(status)) {
            cache.put(url, [status, response, parseHeaders(headersString), statusText]);
          } else {
            // remove promise from the cache
            cache.remove(url);
          }
        }

        resolvePromise(response, status, headersString, statusText);
        if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$apply();
      }


      /**
       * Resolves the raw $http promise.
       */
      function resolvePromise(response, status, headers, statusText) {
        // normalize internal statuses to 0
        status = Math.max(status, 0);

        (isSuccess(status) ? deferred.resolve : deferred.reject)({
          data: response,
          status: status,
          headers: headersGetter(headers),
          config: config,
          statusText : statusText
        });
      }


      function removePendingReq() {
        var idx = indexOf($http.pendingRequests, config);
        if (idx !== -1) $http.pendingRequests.splice(idx, 1);
      }
    }


    function buildUrl(url, params) {
          if (!params) return url;
          var parts = [];
          forEachSorted(params, function(value, key) {
            if (value === null || isUndefined(value)) return;
            if (!isArray(value)) value = [value];

            forEach(value, function(v) {
              if (isObject(v)) {
                v = toJson(v);
              }
              parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key) + '=' +
                         encodeUriQuery(v));
            });
          });
          if(parts.length > 0) {
            url += ((url.indexOf('?') == -1) ? '?' : '&') + parts.join('&');
          }
          return url;
        }


  }];
}

function createXhr(method) {
    //if IE and the method is not RFC2616 compliant, or if XMLHttpRequest
    //is not available, try getting an ActiveXObject. Otherwise, use XMLHttpRequest
    //if it is available
    if (msie <= 8 && (!method.match(/^(get|post|head|put|delete|options)$/i) ||
      !window.XMLHttpRequest)) {
      return new window.ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    } else if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
      return new window.XMLHttpRequest();
    }

    throw minErr('$httpBackend')('noxhr', "This browser does not support XMLHttpRequest.");
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $httpBackend
 * @requires $window
 * @requires $document
 *
 * @description
 * HTTP backend used by the {@link ng.$http service} that delegates to
 * XMLHttpRequest object or JSONP and deals with browser incompatibilities.
 *
 * You should never need to use this service directly, instead use the higher-level abstractions:
 * {@link ng.$http $http} or {@link ngResource.$resource $resource}.
 *
 * During testing this implementation is swapped with {@link ngMock.$httpBackend mock
 * $httpBackend} which can be trained with responses.
 */
function $HttpBackendProvider() {
  this.$get = ['$browser', '$window', '$document', function($browser, $window, $document) {
    return createHttpBackend($browser, createXhr, $browser.defer, $window.angular.callbacks, $document[0]);
  }];
}

function createHttpBackend($browser, createXhr, $browserDefer, callbacks, rawDocument) {
  var ABORTED = -1;

  // TODO(vojta): fix the signature
  return function(method, url, post, callback, headers, timeout, withCredentials, responseType) {
    var status;
    $browser.$$incOutstandingRequestCount();
    url = url || $browser.url();

    if (lowercase(method) == 'jsonp') {
      var callbackId = '_' + (callbacks.counter++).toString(36);
      callbacks[callbackId] = function(data) {
        callbacks[callbackId].data = data;
        callbacks[callbackId].called = true;
      };

      var jsonpDone = jsonpReq(url.replace('JSON_CALLBACK', 'angular.callbacks.' + callbackId),
          callbackId, function(status, text) {
        completeRequest(callback, status, callbacks[callbackId].data, "", text);
        callbacks[callbackId] = noop;
      });
    } else {

      var xhr = createXhr(method);

      xhr.open(method, url, true);
      forEach(headers, function(value, key) {
        if (isDefined(value)) {
            xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value);
        }
      });

      // In IE6 and 7, this might be called synchronously when xhr.send below is called and the
      // response is in the cache. the promise api will ensure that to the app code the api is
      // always async
      xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
        // onreadystatechange might get called multiple times with readyState === 4 on mobile webkit caused by
        // xhrs that are resolved while the app is in the background (see #5426).
        // since calling completeRequest sets the `xhr` variable to null, we just check if it's not null before
        // continuing
        //
        // we can't set xhr.onreadystatechange to undefined or delete it because that breaks IE8 (method=PATCH) and
        // Safari respectively.
        if (xhr && xhr.readyState == 4) {
          var responseHeaders = null,
              response = null,
              statusText = '';

          if(status !== ABORTED) {
            responseHeaders = xhr.getAllResponseHeaders();

            // responseText is the old-school way of retrieving response (supported by IE8 & 9)
            // response/responseType properties were introduced in XHR Level2 spec (supported by IE10)
            response = ('response' in xhr) ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;
          }

          // Accessing statusText on an aborted xhr object will
          // throw an 'c00c023f error' in IE9 and lower, don't touch it.
          if (!(status === ABORTED && msie < 10)) {
            statusText = xhr.statusText;
          }

          completeRequest(callback,
              status || xhr.status,
              response,
              responseHeaders,
              statusText);
        }
      };

      if (withCredentials) {
        xhr.withCredentials = true;
      }

      if (responseType) {
        try {
          xhr.responseType = responseType;
        } catch (e) {
          // WebKit added support for the json responseType value on 09/03/2013
          // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73648. Versions of Safari prior to 7 are
          // known to throw when setting the value "json" as the response type. Other older
          // browsers implementing the responseType
          //
          // The json response type can be ignored if not supported, because JSON payloads are
          // parsed on the client-side regardless.
          if (responseType !== 'json') {
            throw e;
          }
        }
      }

      xhr.send(post || null);
    }

    if (timeout > 0) {
      var timeoutId = $browserDefer(timeoutRequest, timeout);
    } else if (timeout && timeout.then) {
      timeout.then(timeoutRequest);
    }


    function timeoutRequest() {
      status = ABORTED;
      jsonpDone && jsonpDone();
      xhr && xhr.abort();
    }

    function completeRequest(callback, status, response, headersString, statusText) {
      // cancel timeout and subsequent timeout promise resolution
      timeoutId && $browserDefer.cancel(timeoutId);
      jsonpDone = xhr = null;

      // fix status code when it is 0 (0 status is undocumented).
      // Occurs when accessing file resources or on Android 4.1 stock browser
      // while retrieving files from application cache.
      if (status === 0) {
        status = response ? 200 : urlResolve(url).protocol == 'file' ? 404 : 0;
      }

      // normalize IE bug (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/1450)
      status = status === 1223 ? 204 : status;
      statusText = statusText || '';

      callback(status, response, headersString, statusText);
      $browser.$$completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
    }
  };

  function jsonpReq(url, callbackId, done) {
    // we can't use jQuery/jqLite here because jQuery does crazy shit with script elements, e.g.:
    // - fetches local scripts via XHR and evals them
    // - adds and immediately removes script elements from the document
    var script = rawDocument.createElement('script'), callback = null;
    script.type = "text/javascript";
    script.src = url;
    script.async = true;

    callback = function(event) {
      removeEventListenerFn(script, "load", callback);
      removeEventListenerFn(script, "error", callback);
      rawDocument.body.removeChild(script);
      script = null;
      var status = -1;
      var text = "unknown";

      if (event) {
        if (event.type === "load" && !callbacks[callbackId].called) {
          event = { type: "error" };
        }
        text = event.type;
        status = event.type === "error" ? 404 : 200;
      }

      if (done) {
        done(status, text);
      }
    };

    addEventListenerFn(script, "load", callback);
    addEventListenerFn(script, "error", callback);

    if (msie <= 8) {
      script.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (isString(script.readyState) && /loaded|complete/.test(script.readyState)) {
          script.onreadystatechange = null;
          callback({
            type: 'load'
          });
        }
      };
    }

    rawDocument.body.appendChild(script);
    return callback;
  }
}

var $interpolateMinErr = minErr('$interpolate');

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $interpolateProvider
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *
 * Used for configuring the interpolation markup. Defaults to `{{` and `}}`.
 *
 * @example
<example module="customInterpolationApp">
<file name="index.html">
<script>
  var customInterpolationApp = angular.module('customInterpolationApp', []);

  customInterpolationApp.config(function($interpolateProvider) {
    $interpolateProvider.startSymbol('//');
    $interpolateProvider.endSymbol('//');
  });


  customInterpolationApp.controller('DemoController', function() {
      this.label = "This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.";
  });
</script>
<div ng-app="App" ng-controller="DemoController as demo">
    //demo.label//
</div>
</file>
<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
  it('should interpolate binding with custom symbols', function() {
    expect(element(by.binding('demo.label')).getText()).toBe('This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.');
  });
</file>
</example>
 */
function $InterpolateProvider() {
  var startSymbol = '{{';
  var endSymbol = '}}';

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $interpolateProvider#startSymbol
   * @description
   * Symbol to denote start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
   *
   * @param {string=} value new value to set the starting symbol to.
   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
   */
  this.startSymbol = function(value){
    if (value) {
      startSymbol = value;
      return this;
    } else {
      return startSymbol;
    }
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $interpolateProvider#endSymbol
   * @description
   * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
   *
   * @param {string=} value new value to set the ending symbol to.
   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
   */
  this.endSymbol = function(value){
    if (value) {
      endSymbol = value;
      return this;
    } else {
      return endSymbol;
    }
  };


  this.$get = ['$parse', '$exceptionHandler', '$sce', function($parse, $exceptionHandler, $sce) {
    var startSymbolLength = startSymbol.length,
        endSymbolLength = endSymbol.length;

    /**
     * @ngdoc service
     * @name $interpolate
     * @kind function
     *
     * @requires $parse
     * @requires $sce
     *
     * @description
     *
     * Compiles a string with markup into an interpolation function. This service is used by the
     * HTML {@link ng.$compile $compile} service for data binding. See
     * {@link ng.$interpolateProvider $interpolateProvider} for configuring the
     * interpolation markup.
     *
     *
     * ```js
     *   var $interpolate = ...; // injected
     *   var exp = $interpolate('Hello {{name | uppercase}}!');
     *   expect(exp({name:'Angular'}).toEqual('Hello ANGULAR!');
     * ```
     *
     *
     * @param {string} text The text with markup to interpolate.
     * @param {boolean=} mustHaveExpression if set to true then the interpolation string must have
     *    embedded expression in order to return an interpolation function. Strings with no
     *    embedded expression will return null for the interpolation function.
     * @param {string=} trustedContext when provided, the returned function passes the interpolated
     *    result through {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(interpolatedResult,
     *    trustedContext)} before returning it.  Refer to the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service that
     *    provides Strict Contextual Escaping for details.
     * @returns {function(context)} an interpolation function which is used to compute the
     *    interpolated string. The function has these parameters:
     *
     *    * `context`: an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings are evaluated
     *      against.
     *
     */
    function $interpolate(text, mustHaveExpression, trustedContext) {
      var startIndex,
          endIndex,
          index = 0,
          parts = [],
          length = text.length,
          hasInterpolation = false,
          fn,
          exp,
          concat = [];

      while(index < length) {
        if ( ((startIndex = text.indexOf(startSymbol, index)) != -1) &&
             ((endIndex = text.indexOf(endSymbol, startIndex + startSymbolLength)) != -1) ) {
          (index != startIndex) && parts.push(text.substring(index, startIndex));
          parts.push(fn = $parse(exp = text.substring(startIndex + startSymbolLength, endIndex)));
          fn.exp = exp;
          index = endIndex + endSymbolLength;
          hasInterpolation = true;
        } else {
          // we did not find anything, so we have to add the remainder to the parts array
          (index != length) && parts.push(text.substring(index));
          index = length;
        }
      }

      if (!(length = parts.length)) {
        // we added, nothing, must have been an empty string.
        parts.push('');
        length = 1;
      }

      // Concatenating expressions makes it hard to reason about whether some combination of
      // concatenated values are unsafe to use and could easily lead to XSS.  By requiring that a
      // single expression be used for iframe[src], object[src], etc., we ensure that the value
      // that's used is assigned or constructed by some JS code somewhere that is more testable or
      // make it obvious that you bound the value to some user controlled value.  This helps reduce
      // the load when auditing for XSS issues.
      if (trustedContext && parts.length > 1) {
          throw $interpolateMinErr('noconcat',
              "Error while interpolating: {0}\nStrict Contextual Escaping disallows " +
              "interpolations that concatenate multiple expressions when a trusted value is " +
              "required.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce", text);
      }

      if (!mustHaveExpression  || hasInterpolation) {
        concat.length = length;
        fn = function(context) {
          try {
            for(var i = 0, ii = length, part; i<ii; i++) {
              if (typeof (part = parts[i]) == 'function') {
                part = part(context);
                if (trustedContext) {
                  part = $sce.getTrusted(trustedContext, part);
                } else {
                  part = $sce.valueOf(part);
                }
                if (part == null) { // null || undefined
                  part = '';
                } else {
                  switch (typeof part) {
                    case 'string':
                    {
                      break;
                    }
                    case 'number':
                    {
                      part = '' + part;
                      break;
                    }
                    default:
                    {
                      part = toJson(part);
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
              concat[i] = part;
            }
            return concat.join('');
          }
          catch(err) {
            var newErr = $interpolateMinErr('interr', "Can't interpolate: {0}\n{1}", text,
                err.toString());
            $exceptionHandler(newErr);
          }
        };
        fn.exp = text;
        fn.parts = parts;
        return fn;
      }
    }


    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $interpolate#startSymbol
     * @description
     * Symbol to denote the start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
     *
     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#startSymbol $interpolateProvider#startSymbol} to change
     * the symbol.
     *
     * @returns {string} start symbol.
     */
    $interpolate.startSymbol = function() {
      return startSymbol;
    };


    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $interpolate#endSymbol
     * @description
     * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
     *
     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#endSymbol $interpolateProvider#endSymbol} to change
     * the symbol.
     *
     * @returns {string} end symbol.
     */
    $interpolate.endSymbol = function() {
      return endSymbol;
    };

    return $interpolate;
  }];
}

function $IntervalProvider() {
  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$window', '$q',
       function($rootScope,   $window,   $q) {
    var intervals = {};


     /**
      * @ngdoc service
      * @name $interval
      *
      * @description
      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setInterval`. The `fn` function is executed every `delay`
      * milliseconds.
      *
      * The return value of registering an interval function is a promise. This promise will be
      * notified upon each tick of the interval, and will be resolved after `count` iterations, or
      * run indefinitely if `count` is not defined. The value of the notification will be the
      * number of iterations that have run.
      * To cancel an interval, call `$interval.cancel(promise)`.
      *
      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$interval#flush `$interval.flush(millis)`} to
      * move forward by `millis` milliseconds and trigger any functions scheduled to run in that
      * time.
      *
      * <div class="alert alert-warning">
      * **Note**: Intervals created by this service must be explicitly destroyed when you are finished
      * with them.  In particular they are not automatically destroyed when a controller's scope or a
      * directive's element are destroyed.
      * You should take this into consideration and make sure to always cancel the interval at the
      * appropriate moment.  See the example below for more details on how and when to do this.
      * </div>
      *
      * @param {function()} fn A function that should be called repeatedly.
      * @param {number} delay Number of milliseconds between each function call.
      * @param {number=} [count=0] Number of times to repeat. If not set, or 0, will repeat
      *   indefinitely.
      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
      * @returns {promise} A promise which will be notified on each iteration.
      *
      * @example
      * <example module="time">
      *   <file name="index.html">
      *     <script>
      *       function Ctrl2($scope,$interval) {
      *         $scope.format = 'M/d/yy h:mm:ss a';
      *         $scope.blood_1 = 100;
      *         $scope.blood_2 = 120;
      *
      *         var stop;
      *         $scope.fight = function() {
      *           // Don't start a new fight if we are already fighting
      *           if ( angular.isDefined(stop) ) return;
      *
      *           stop = $interval(function() {
      *             if ($scope.blood_1 > 0 && $scope.blood_2 > 0) {
      *                 $scope.blood_1 = $scope.blood_1 - 3;
      *                 $scope.blood_2 = $scope.blood_2 - 4;
      *             } else {
      *                 $scope.stopFight();
      *             }
      *           }, 100);
      *         };
      *
      *         $scope.stopFight = function() {
      *           if (angular.isDefined(stop)) {
      *             $interval.cancel(stop);
      *             stop = undefined;
      *           }
      *         };
      *
      *         $scope.resetFight = function() {
      *           $scope.blood_1 = 100;
      *           $scope.blood_2 = 120;
      *         }
      *
      *         $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
      *           // Make sure that the interval is destroyed too
      *           $scope.stopFight();
      *         });
      *       }
      *
      *       angular.module('time', [])
      *         // Register the 'myCurrentTime' directive factory method.
      *         // We inject $interval and dateFilter service since the factory method is DI.
      *         .directive('myCurrentTime', function($interval, dateFilter) {
      *           // return the directive link function. (compile function not needed)
      *           return function(scope, element, attrs) {
      *             var format,  // date format
      *             stopTime; // so that we can cancel the time updates
      *
      *             // used to update the UI
      *             function updateTime() {
      *               element.text(dateFilter(new Date(), format));
      *             }
      *
      *             // watch the expression, and update the UI on change.
      *             scope.$watch(attrs.myCurrentTime, function(value) {
      *               format = value;
      *               updateTime();
      *             });
      *
      *             stopTime = $interval(updateTime, 1000);
      *
      *             // listen on DOM destroy (removal) event, and cancel the next UI update
      *             // to prevent updating time ofter the DOM element was removed.
      *             element.bind('$destroy', function() {
      *               $interval.cancel(stopTime);
      *             });
      *           }
      *         });
      *     </script>
      *
      *     <div>
      *       <div ng-controller="Ctrl2">
      *         Date format: <input ng-model="format"> <hr/>
      *         Current time is: <span my-current-time="format"></span>
      *         <hr/>
      *         Blood 1 : <font color='red'>{{blood_1}}</font>
      *         Blood 2 : <font color='red'>{{blood_2}}</font>
      *         <button type="button" data-ng-click="fight()">Fight</button>
      *         <button type="button" data-ng-click="stopFight()">StopFight</button>
      *         <button type="button" data-ng-click="resetFight()">resetFight</button>
      *       </div>
      *     </div>
      *
      *   </file>
      * </example>
      */
    function interval(fn, delay, count, invokeApply) {
      var setInterval = $window.setInterval,
          clearInterval = $window.clearInterval,
          deferred = $q.defer(),
          promise = deferred.promise,
          iteration = 0,
          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply);

      count = isDefined(count) ? count : 0;

      promise.then(null, null, fn);

      promise.$$intervalId = setInterval(function tick() {
        deferred.notify(iteration++);

        if (count > 0 && iteration >= count) {
          deferred.resolve(iteration);
          clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
          delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
        }

        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();

      }, delay);

      intervals[promise.$$intervalId] = deferred;

      return promise;
    }


     /**
      * @ngdoc method
      * @name $interval#cancel
      *
      * @description
      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`.
      *
      * @param {promise} promise returned by the `$interval` function.
      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task was successfully canceled.
      */
    interval.cancel = function(promise) {
      if (promise && promise.$$intervalId in intervals) {
        intervals[promise.$$intervalId].reject('canceled');
        $window.clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
        delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
        return true;
      }
      return false;
    };

    return interval;
  }];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $locale
 *
 * @description
 * $locale service provides localization rules for various Angular components. As of right now the
 * only public api is:
 *
 * * `id` – `{string}` – locale id formatted as `languageId-countryId` (e.g. `en-us`)
 */
function $LocaleProvider(){
  this.$get = function() {
    return {
      id: 'en-us',

      NUMBER_FORMATS: {
        DECIMAL_SEP: '.',
        GROUP_SEP: ',',
        PATTERNS: [
          { // Decimal Pattern
            minInt: 1,
            minFrac: 0,
            maxFrac: 3,
            posPre: '',
            posSuf: '',
            negPre: '-',
            negSuf: '',
            gSize: 3,
            lgSize: 3
          },{ //Currency Pattern
            minInt: 1,
            minFrac: 2,
            maxFrac: 2,
            posPre: '\u00A4',
            posSuf: '',
            negPre: '(\u00A4',
            negSuf: ')',
            gSize: 3,
            lgSize: 3
          }
        ],
        CURRENCY_SYM: '$'
      },

      DATETIME_FORMATS: {
        MONTH:
            'January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December'
            .split(','),
        SHORTMONTH:  'Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec'.split(','),
        DAY: 'Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday'.split(','),
        SHORTDAY: 'Sun,Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat'.split(','),
        AMPMS: ['AM','PM'],
        medium: 'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a',
        short: 'M/d/yy h:mm a',
        fullDate: 'EEEE, MMMM d, y',
        longDate: 'MMMM d, y',
        mediumDate: 'MMM d, y',
        shortDate: 'M/d/yy',
        mediumTime: 'h:mm:ss a',
        shortTime: 'h:mm a'
      },

      pluralCat: function(num) {
        if (num === 1) {
          return 'one';
        }
        return 'other';
      }
    };
  };
}

var PATH_MATCH = /^([^\?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/,
    DEFAULT_PORTS = {'http': 80, 'https': 443, 'ftp': 21};
var $locationMinErr = minErr('$location');


/**
 * Encode path using encodeUriSegment, ignoring forward slashes
 *
 * @param {string} path Path to encode
 * @returns {string}
 */
function encodePath(path) {
  var segments = path.split('/'),
      i = segments.length;

  while (i--) {
    segments[i] = encodeUriSegment(segments[i]);
  }

  return segments.join('/');
}

function parseAbsoluteUrl(absoluteUrl, locationObj, appBase) {
  var parsedUrl = urlResolve(absoluteUrl, appBase);

  locationObj.$$protocol = parsedUrl.protocol;
  locationObj.$$host = parsedUrl.hostname;
  locationObj.$$port = int(parsedUrl.port) || DEFAULT_PORTS[parsedUrl.protocol] || null;
}


function parseAppUrl(relativeUrl, locationObj, appBase) {
  var prefixed = (relativeUrl.charAt(0) !== '/');
  if (prefixed) {
    relativeUrl = '/' + relativeUrl;
  }
  var match = urlResolve(relativeUrl, appBase);
  locationObj.$$path = decodeURIComponent(prefixed && match.pathname.charAt(0) === '/' ?
      match.pathname.substring(1) : match.pathname);
  locationObj.$$search = parseKeyValue(match.search);
  locationObj.$$hash = decodeURIComponent(match.hash);

  // make sure path starts with '/';
  if (locationObj.$$path && locationObj.$$path.charAt(0) != '/') {
    locationObj.$$path = '/' + locationObj.$$path;
  }
}


/**
 *
 * @param {string} begin
 * @param {string} whole
 * @returns {string} returns text from whole after begin or undefined if it does not begin with
 *                   expected string.
 */
function beginsWith(begin, whole) {
  if (whole.indexOf(begin) === 0) {
    return whole.substr(begin.length);
  }
}


function stripHash(url) {
  var index = url.indexOf('#');
  return index == -1 ? url : url.substr(0, index);
}


function stripFile(url) {
  return url.substr(0, stripHash(url).lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
}

/* return the server only (scheme://host:port) */
function serverBase(url) {
  return url.substring(0, url.indexOf('/', url.indexOf('//') + 2));
}


/**
 * LocationHtml5Url represents an url
 * This object is exposed as $location service when HTML5 mode is enabled and supported
 *
 * @constructor
 * @param {string} appBase application base URL
 * @param {string} basePrefix url path prefix
 */
function LocationHtml5Url(appBase, basePrefix) {
  this.$$html5 = true;
  basePrefix = basePrefix || '';
  var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this, appBase);


  /**
   * Parse given html5 (regular) url string into properties
   * @param {string} newAbsoluteUrl HTML5 url
   * @private
   */
  this.$$parse = function(url) {
    var pathUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url);
    if (!isString(pathUrl)) {
      throw $locationMinErr('ipthprfx', 'Invalid url "{0}", missing path prefix "{1}".', url,
          appBaseNoFile);
    }

    parseAppUrl(pathUrl, this, appBase);

    if (!this.$$path) {
      this.$$path = '/';
    }

    this.$$compose();
  };

  /**
   * Compose url and update `absUrl` property
   * @private
   */
  this.$$compose = function() {
    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';

    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
    this.$$absUrl = appBaseNoFile + this.$$url.substr(1); // first char is always '/'
  };

  this.$$rewrite = function(url) {
    var appUrl, prevAppUrl;

    if ( (appUrl = beginsWith(appBase, url)) !== undefined ) {
      prevAppUrl = appUrl;
      if ( (appUrl = beginsWith(basePrefix, appUrl)) !== undefined ) {
        return appBaseNoFile + (beginsWith('/', appUrl) || appUrl);
      } else {
        return appBase + prevAppUrl;
      }
    } else if ( (appUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url)) !== undefined ) {
      return appBaseNoFile + appUrl;
    } else if (appBaseNoFile == url + '/') {
      return appBaseNoFile;
    }
  };
}


/**
 * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
 * This object is exposed as $location service when developer doesn't opt into html5 mode.
 * It also serves as the base class for html5 mode fallback on legacy browsers.
 *
 * @constructor
 * @param {string} appBase application base URL
 * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
 */
function LocationHashbangUrl(appBase, hashPrefix) {
  var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);

  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this, appBase);


  /**
   * Parse given hashbang url into properties
   * @param {string} url Hashbang url
   * @private
   */
  this.$$parse = function(url) {
    var withoutBaseUrl = beginsWith(appBase, url) || beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url);
    var withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl.charAt(0) == '#'
        ? beginsWith(hashPrefix, withoutBaseUrl)
        : (this.$$html5)
          ? withoutBaseUrl
          : '';

    if (!isString(withoutHashUrl)) {
      throw $locationMinErr('ihshprfx', 'Invalid url "{0}", missing hash prefix "{1}".', url,
          hashPrefix);
    }
    parseAppUrl(withoutHashUrl, this, appBase);

    this.$$path = removeWindowsDriveName(this.$$path, withoutHashUrl, appBase);

    this.$$compose();

    /*
     * In Windows, on an anchor node on documents loaded from
     * the filesystem, the browser will return a pathname
     * prefixed with the drive name ('/C:/path') when a
     * pathname without a drive is set:
     *  * a.setAttribute('href', '/foo')
     *   * a.pathname === '/C:/foo' //true
     *
     * Inside of Angular, we're always using pathnames that
     * do not include drive names for routing.
     */
    function removeWindowsDriveName (path, url, base) {
      /*
      Matches paths for file protocol on windows,
      such as /C:/foo/bar, and captures only /foo/bar.
      */
      var windowsFilePathExp = /^\/[A-Z]:(\/.*)/;

      var firstPathSegmentMatch;

      //Get the relative path from the input URL.
      if (url.indexOf(base) === 0) {
        url = url.replace(base, '');
      }

      // The input URL intentionally contains a first path segment that ends with a colon.
      if (windowsFilePathExp.exec(url)) {
        return path;
      }

      firstPathSegmentMatch = windowsFilePathExp.exec(path);
      return firstPathSegmentMatch ? firstPathSegmentMatch[1] : path;
    }
  };

  /**
   * Compose hashbang url and update `absUrl` property
   * @private
   */
  this.$$compose = function() {
    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';

    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
    this.$$absUrl = appBase + (this.$$url ? hashPrefix + this.$$url : '');
  };

  this.$$rewrite = function(url) {
    if(stripHash(appBase) == stripHash(url)) {
      return url;
    }
  };
}


/**
 * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
 * This object is exposed as $location service when html5 history api is enabled but the browser
 * does not support it.
 *
 * @constructor
 * @param {string} appBase application base URL
 * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
 */
function LocationHashbangInHtml5Url(appBase, hashPrefix) {
  this.$$html5 = true;
  LocationHashbangUrl.apply(this, arguments);

  var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);

  this.$$rewrite = function(url) {
    var appUrl;

    if ( appBase == stripHash(url) ) {
      return url;
    } else if ( (appUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url)) ) {
      return appBase + hashPrefix + appUrl;
    } else if ( appBaseNoFile === url + '/') {
      return appBaseNoFile;
    }
  };

  this.$$compose = function() {
    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';

    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
    // include hashPrefix in $$absUrl when $$url is empty so IE8 & 9 do not reload page because of removal of '#'
    this.$$absUrl = appBase + hashPrefix + this.$$url;
  };

}


LocationHashbangInHtml5Url.prototype =
  LocationHashbangUrl.prototype =
  LocationHtml5Url.prototype = {

  /**
   * Are we in html5 mode?
   * @private
   */
  $$html5: false,

  /**
   * Has any change been replacing ?
   * @private
   */
  $$replace: false,

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#absUrl
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter only.
   *
   * Return full url representation with all segments encoded according to rules specified in
   * [RFC 3986](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt).
   *
   * @return {string} full url
   */
  absUrl: locationGetter('$$absUrl'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#url
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter / setter.
   *
   * Return url (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`) when called without any parameter.
   *
   * Change path, search and hash, when called with parameter and return `$location`.
   *
   * @param {string=} url New url without base prefix (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`)
   * @param {string=} replace The path that will be changed
   * @return {string} url
   */
  url: function(url, replace) {
    if (isUndefined(url))
      return this.$$url;

    var match = PATH_MATCH.exec(url);
    if (match[1]) this.path(decodeURIComponent(match[1]));
    if (match[2] || match[1]) this.search(match[3] || '');
    this.hash(match[5] || '', replace);

    return this;
  },

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#protocol
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter only.
   *
   * Return protocol of current url.
   *
   * @return {string} protocol of current url
   */
  protocol: locationGetter('$$protocol'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#host
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter only.
   *
   * Return host of current url.
   *
   * @return {string} host of current url.
   */
  host: locationGetter('$$host'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#port
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter only.
   *
   * Return port of current url.
   *
   * @return {Number} port
   */
  port: locationGetter('$$port'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#path
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter / setter.
   *
   * Return path of current url when called without any parameter.
   *
   * Change path when called with parameter and return `$location`.
   *
   * Note: Path should always begin with forward slash (/), this method will add the forward slash
   * if it is missing.
   *
   * @param {string=} path New path
   * @return {string} path
   */
  path: locationGetterSetter('$$path', function(path) {
    return path.charAt(0) == '/' ? path : '/' + path;
  }),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#search
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter / setter.
   *
   * Return search part (as object) of current url when called without any parameter.
   *
   * Change search part when called with parameter and return `$location`.
   *
   *
   * ```js
   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
   * var searchObject = $location.search();
   * // => {foo: 'bar', baz: 'xoxo'}
   *
   *
   * // set foo to 'yipee'
   * $location.search('foo', 'yipee');
   * // => $location
   * ```
   *
   * @param {string|Object.<string>|Object.<Array.<string>>} search New search params - string or
   * hash object.
   *
   * When called with a single argument the method acts as a setter, setting the `search` component
   * of `$location` to the specified value.
   *
   * If the argument is a hash object containing an array of values, these values will be encoded
   * as duplicate search parameters in the url.
   *
   * @param {(string|Array<string>)=} paramValue If `search` is a string, then `paramValue` will
   * override only a single search property.
   *
   * If `paramValue` is an array, it will override the property of the `search` component of
   * `$location` specified via the first argument.
   *
   * If `paramValue` is `null`, the property specified via the first argument will be deleted.
   *
   * @return {Object} If called with no arguments returns the parsed `search` object. If called with
   * one or more arguments returns `$location` object itself.
   */
  search: function(search, paramValue) {
    switch (arguments.length) {
      case 0:
        return this.$$search;
      case 1:
        if (isString(search)) {
          this.$$search = parseKeyValue(search);
        } else if (isObject(search)) {
          this.$$search = search;
        } else {
          throw $locationMinErr('isrcharg',
              'The first argument of the `$location#search()` call must be a string or an object.');
        }
        break;
      default:
        if (isUndefined(paramValue) || paramValue === null) {
          delete this.$$search[search];
        } else {
          this.$$search[search] = paramValue;
        }
    }

    this.$$compose();
    return this;
  },

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#hash
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter / setter.
   *
   * Return hash fragment when called without any parameter.
   *
   * Change hash fragment when called with parameter and return `$location`.
   *
   * @param {string=} hash New hash fragment
   * @return {string} hash
   */
  hash: locationGetterSetter('$$hash', identity),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#replace
   *
   * @description
   * If called, all changes to $location during current `$digest` will be replacing current history
   * record, instead of adding new one.
   */
  replace: function() {
    this.$$replace = true;
    return this;
  }
};

function locationGetter(property) {
  return function() {
    return this[property];
  };
}


function locationGetterSetter(property, preprocess) {
  return function(value) {
    if (isUndefined(value))
      return this[property];

    this[property] = preprocess(value);
    this.$$compose();

    return this;
  };
}


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $location
 *
 * @requires $rootElement
 *
 * @description
 * The $location service parses the URL in the browser address bar (based on the
 * [window.location](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/window.location)) and makes the URL
 * available to your application. Changes to the URL in the address bar are reflected into
 * $location service and changes to $location are reflected into the browser address bar.
 *
 * **The $location service:**
 *
 * - Exposes the current URL in the browser address bar, so you can
 *   - Watch and observe the URL.
 *   - Change the URL.
 * - Synchronizes the URL with the browser when the user
 *   - Changes the address bar.
 *   - Clicks the back or forward button (or clicks a History link).
 *   - Clicks on a link.
 * - Represents the URL object as a set of methods (protocol, host, port, path, search, hash).
 *
 * For more information see {@link guide/$location Developer Guide: Using $location}
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $locationProvider
 * @description
 * Use the `$locationProvider` to configure how the application deep linking paths are stored.
 */
function $LocationProvider(){
  var hashPrefix = '',
      html5Mode = false;

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $locationProvider#hashPrefix
   * @description
   * @param {string=} prefix Prefix for hash part (containing path and search)
   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
   */
  this.hashPrefix = function(prefix) {
    if (isDefined(prefix)) {
      hashPrefix = prefix;
      return this;
    } else {
      return hashPrefix;
    }
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $locationProvider#html5Mode
   * @description
   * @param {boolean=} mode Use HTML5 strategy if available.
   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
   */
  this.html5Mode = function(mode) {
    if (isDefined(mode)) {
      html5Mode = mode;
      return this;
    } else {
      return html5Mode;
    }
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc event
   * @name $location#$locationChangeStart
   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
   * @description
   * Broadcasted before a URL will change. This change can be prevented by calling
   * `preventDefault` method of the event. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} for more
   * details about event object. Upon successful change
   * {@link ng.$location#events_$locationChangeSuccess $locationChangeSuccess} is fired.
   *
   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
   */

  /**
   * @ngdoc event
   * @name $location#$locationChangeSuccess
   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
   * @description
   * Broadcasted after a URL was changed.
   *
   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
   */

  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$sniffer', '$rootElement',
      function( $rootScope,   $browser,   $sniffer,   $rootElement) {
    var $location,
        LocationMode,
        baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), // if base[href] is undefined, it defaults to ''
        initialUrl = $browser.url(),
        appBase;

    if (html5Mode) {
      appBase = serverBase(initialUrl) + (baseHref || '/');
      LocationMode = $sniffer.history ? LocationHtml5Url : LocationHashbangInHtml5Url;
    } else {
      appBase = stripHash(initialUrl);
      LocationMode = LocationHashbangUrl;
    }
    $location = new LocationMode(appBase, '#' + hashPrefix);
    $location.$$parse($location.$$rewrite(initialUrl));

    $rootElement.on('click', function(event) {
      // TODO(vojta): rewrite link when opening in new tab/window (in legacy browser)
      // currently we open nice url link and redirect then

      if (event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey || event.which == 2) return;

      var elm = jqLite(event.target);

      // traverse the DOM up to find first A tag
      while (lowercase(elm[0].nodeName) !== 'a') {
        // ignore rewriting if no A tag (reached root element, or no parent - removed from document)
        if (elm[0] === $rootElement[0] || !(elm = elm.parent())[0]) return;
      }

      var absHref = elm.prop('href');

      if (isObject(absHref) && absHref.toString() === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
        // SVGAnimatedString.animVal should be identical to SVGAnimatedString.baseVal, unless during
        // an animation.
        absHref = urlResolve(absHref.animVal).href;
      }

      // Make relative links work in HTML5 mode for legacy browsers (or at least IE8 & 9)
      // The href should be a regular url e.g. /link/somewhere or link/somewhere or ../somewhere or
      // somewhere#anchor or http://example.com/somewhere
      if (LocationMode === LocationHashbangInHtml5Url) {
        // get the actual href attribute - see
        // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dd347148(v=vs.85).aspx
        var href = elm.attr('href') || elm.attr('xlink:href');

        if (href.indexOf('://') < 0) {         // Ignore absolute URLs
          var prefix = '#' + hashPrefix;
          if (href[0] == '/') {
            // absolute path - replace old path
            absHref = appBase + prefix + href;
          } else if (href[0] == '#') {
            // local anchor
            absHref = appBase + prefix + ($location.path() || '/') + href;
          } else {
            // relative path - join with current path
            var stack = $location.path().split("/"),
              parts = href.split("/");
            for (var i=0; i<parts.length; i++) {
              if (parts[i] == ".")
                continue;
              else if (parts[i] == "..")
                stack.pop();
              else if (parts[i].length)
                stack.push(parts[i]);
            }
            absHref = appBase + prefix + stack.join('/');
          }
        }
      }

      var rewrittenUrl = $location.$$rewrite(absHref);

      if (absHref && !elm.attr('target') && rewrittenUrl && !event.isDefaultPrevented()) {
        event.preventDefault();
        if (rewrittenUrl != $browser.url()) {
          // update location manually
          $location.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
          $rootScope.$apply();
          // hack to work around FF6 bug 684208 when scenario runner clicks on links
          window.angular['ff-684208-preventDefault'] = true;
        }
      }
    });


    // rewrite hashbang url <> html5 url
    if ($location.absUrl() != initialUrl) {
      $browser.url($location.absUrl(), true);
    }

    // update $location when $browser url changes
    $browser.onUrlChange(function(newUrl) {
      if ($location.absUrl() != newUrl) {
        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
          var oldUrl = $location.absUrl();

          $location.$$parse(newUrl);
          if ($rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl,
                                    oldUrl).defaultPrevented) {
            $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
            $browser.url(oldUrl);
          } else {
            afterLocationChange(oldUrl);
          }
        });
        if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$digest();
      }
    });

    // update browser
    var changeCounter = 0;
    $rootScope.$watch(function $locationWatch() {
      var oldUrl = $browser.url();
      var currentReplace = $location.$$replace;

      if (!changeCounter || oldUrl != $location.absUrl()) {
        changeCounter++;
        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
          if ($rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', $location.absUrl(), oldUrl).
              defaultPrevented) {
            $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
          } else {
            $browser.url($location.absUrl(), currentReplace);
            afterLocationChange(oldUrl);
          }
        });
      }
      $location.$$replace = false;

      return changeCounter;
    });

    return $location;

    function afterLocationChange(oldUrl) {
      $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeSuccess', $location.absUrl(), oldUrl);
    }
}];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $log
 * @requires $window
 *
 * @description
 * Simple service for logging. Default implementation safely writes the message
 * into the browser's console (if present).
 *
 * The main purpose of this service is to simplify debugging and troubleshooting.
 *
 * The default is to log `debug` messages. You can use
 * {@link ng.$logProvider ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled} to change this.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="script.js">
       function LogCtrl($scope, $log) {
         $scope.$log = $log;
         $scope.message = 'Hello World!';
       }
     </file>
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="LogCtrl">
         <p>Reload this page with open console, enter text and hit the log button...</p>
         Message:
         <input type="text" ng-model="message"/>
         <button ng-click="$log.log(message)">log</button>
         <button ng-click="$log.warn(message)">warn</button>
         <button ng-click="$log.info(message)">info</button>
         <button ng-click="$log.error(message)">error</button>
       </div>
     </file>
   </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $logProvider
 * @description
 * Use the `$logProvider` to configure how the application logs messages
 */
function $LogProvider(){
  var debug = true,
      self = this;

  /**
   * @ngdoc property
   * @name $logProvider#debugEnabled
   * @description
   * @param {boolean=} flag enable or disable debug level messages
   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
   */
  this.debugEnabled = function(flag) {
    if (isDefined(flag)) {
      debug = flag;
    return this;
    } else {
      return debug;
    }
  };

  this.$get = ['$window', function($window){
    return {
      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $log#log
       *
       * @description
       * Write a log message
       */
      log: consoleLog('log'),

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $log#info
       *
       * @description
       * Write an information message
       */
      info: consoleLog('info'),

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $log#warn
       *
       * @description
       * Write a warning message
       */
      warn: consoleLog('warn'),

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $log#error
       *
       * @description
       * Write an error message
       */
      error: consoleLog('error'),

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $log#debug
       *
       * @description
       * Write a debug message
       */
      debug: (function () {
        var fn = consoleLog('debug');

        return function() {
          if (debug) {
            fn.apply(self, arguments);
          }
        };
      }())
    };

    function formatError(arg) {
      if (arg instanceof Error) {
        if (arg.stack) {
          arg = (arg.message && arg.stack.indexOf(arg.message) === -1)
              ? 'Error: ' + arg.message + '\n' + arg.stack
              : arg.stack;
        } else if (arg.sourceURL) {
          arg = arg.message + '\n' + arg.sourceURL + ':' + arg.line;
        }
      }
      return arg;
    }

    function consoleLog(type) {
      var console = $window.console || {},
          logFn = console[type] || console.log || noop,
          hasApply = false;

      // Note: reading logFn.apply throws an error in IE11 in IE8 document mode.
      // The reason behind this is that console.log has type "object" in IE8...
      try {
        hasApply = !!logFn.apply;
      } catch (e) {}

      if (hasApply) {
        return function() {
          var args = [];
          forEach(arguments, function(arg) {
            args.push(formatError(arg));
          });
          return logFn.apply(console, args);
        };
      }

      // we are IE which either doesn't have window.console => this is noop and we do nothing,
      // or we are IE where console.log doesn't have apply so we log at least first 2 args
      return function(arg1, arg2) {
        logFn(arg1, arg2 == null ? '' : arg2);
      };
    }
  }];
}

var $parseMinErr = minErr('$parse');
var promiseWarningCache = {};
var promiseWarning;

// Sandboxing Angular Expressions
// ------------------------------
// Angular expressions are generally considered safe because these expressions only have direct
// access to $scope and locals. However, one can obtain the ability to execute arbitrary JS code by
// obtaining a reference to native JS functions such as the Function constructor.
//
// As an example, consider the following Angular expression:
//
//   {}.toString.constructor('alert("evil JS code")')
//
// This sandboxing technique is not perfect and doesn't aim to be. The goal is to prevent exploits
// against the expression language, but not to prevent exploits that were enabled by exposing
// sensitive JavaScript or browser apis on Scope. Exposing such objects on a Scope is never a good
// practice and therefore we are not even trying to protect against interaction with an object
// explicitly exposed in this way.
//
// In general, it is not possible to access a Window object from an angular expression unless a
// window or some DOM object that has a reference to window is published onto a Scope.
// Similarly we prevent invocations of function known to be dangerous, as well as assignments to
// native objects.


function ensureSafeMemberName(name, fullExpression) {
  if (name === "__defineGetter__" || name === "__defineSetter__"
      || name === "__lookupGetter__" || name === "__lookupSetter__"
      || name === "__proto__") {
    throw $parseMinErr('isecfld',
        'Attempting to access a disallowed field in Angular expressions! '
        +'Expression: {0}', fullExpression);
  }
  return name;
}

function ensureSafeObject(obj, fullExpression) {
  // nifty check if obj is Function that is fast and works across iframes and other contexts
  if (obj) {
    if (obj.constructor === obj) {
      throw $parseMinErr('isecfn',
          'Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
          fullExpression);
    } else if (// isWindow(obj)
        obj.document && obj.location && obj.alert && obj.setInterval) {
      throw $parseMinErr('isecwindow',
          'Referencing the Window in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
          fullExpression);
    } else if (// isElement(obj)
        obj.children && (obj.nodeName || (obj.prop && obj.attr && obj.find))) {
      throw $parseMinErr('isecdom',
          'Referencing DOM nodes in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
          fullExpression);
    } else if (// block Object so that we can't get hold of dangerous Object.* methods
        obj === Object) {
      throw $parseMinErr('isecobj',
          'Referencing Object in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
          fullExpression);
    }
  }
  return obj;
}

var CALL = Function.prototype.call;
var APPLY = Function.prototype.apply;
var BIND = Function.prototype.bind;

function ensureSafeFunction(obj, fullExpression) {
  if (obj) {
    if (obj.constructor === obj) {
      throw $parseMinErr('isecfn',
        'Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
        fullExpression);
    } else if (obj === CALL || obj === APPLY || (BIND && obj === BIND)) {
      throw $parseMinErr('isecff',
        'Referencing call, apply or bind in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
        fullExpression);
    }
  }
}

var OPERATORS = {
    /* jshint bitwise : false */
    'null':function(){return null;},
    'true':function(){return true;},
    'false':function(){return false;},
    undefined:noop,
    '+':function(self, locals, a,b){
      a=a(self, locals); b=b(self, locals);
      if (isDefined(a)) {
        if (isDefined(b)) {
          return a + b;
        }
        return a;
      }
      return isDefined(b)?b:undefined;},
    '-':function(self, locals, a,b){
          a=a(self, locals); b=b(self, locals);
          return (isDefined(a)?a:0)-(isDefined(b)?b:0);
        },
    '*':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)*b(self, locals);},
    '/':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)/b(self, locals);},
    '%':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)%b(self, locals);},
    '^':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)^b(self, locals);},
    '=':noop,
    '===':function(self, locals, a, b){return a(self, locals)===b(self, locals);},
    '!==':function(self, locals, a, b){return a(self, locals)!==b(self, locals);},
    '==':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)==b(self, locals);},
    '!=':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)!=b(self, locals);},
    '<':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)<b(self, locals);},
    '>':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)>b(self, locals);},
    '<=':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)<=b(self, locals);},
    '>=':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)>=b(self, locals);},
    '&&':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)&&b(self, locals);},
    '||':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)||b(self, locals);},
    '&':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)&b(self, locals);},
//    '|':function(self, locals, a,b){return a|b;},
    '|':function(self, locals, a,b){return b(self, locals)(self, locals, a(self, locals));},
    '!':function(self, locals, a){return !a(self, locals);}
};
/* jshint bitwise: true */
var ESCAPE = {"n":"\n", "f":"\f", "r":"\r", "t":"\t", "v":"\v", "'":"'", '"':'"'};


/////////////////////////////////////////


/**
 * @constructor
 */
var Lexer = function (options) {
  this.options = options;
};

Lexer.prototype = {
  constructor: Lexer,

  lex: function (text) {
    this.text = text;

    this.index = 0;
    this.ch = undefined;
    this.lastCh = ':'; // can start regexp

    this.tokens = [];

    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
      this.ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
      if (this.is('"\'')) {
        this.readString(this.ch);
      } else if (this.isNumber(this.ch) || this.is('.') && this.isNumber(this.peek())) {
        this.readNumber();
      } else if (this.isIdent(this.ch)) {
        this.readIdent();
      } else if (this.is('(){}[].,;:?')) {
        this.tokens.push({
          index: this.index,
          text: this.ch
        });
        this.index++;
      } else if (this.isWhitespace(this.ch)) {
        this.index++;
        continue;
      } else {
        var ch2 = this.ch + this.peek();
        var ch3 = ch2 + this.peek(2);
        var fn = OPERATORS[this.ch];
        var fn2 = OPERATORS[ch2];
        var fn3 = OPERATORS[ch3];
        if (fn3) {
          this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: ch3, fn: fn3});
          this.index += 3;
        } else if (fn2) {
          this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: ch2, fn: fn2});
          this.index += 2;
        } else if (fn) {
          this.tokens.push({
            index: this.index,
            text: this.ch,
            fn: fn
          });
          this.index += 1;
        } else {
          this.throwError('Unexpected next character ', this.index, this.index + 1);
        }
      }
      this.lastCh = this.ch;
    }
    return this.tokens;
  },

  is: function(chars) {
    return chars.indexOf(this.ch) !== -1;
  },

  was: function(chars) {
    return chars.indexOf(this.lastCh) !== -1;
  },

  peek: function(i) {
    var num = i || 1;
    return (this.index + num < this.text.length) ? this.text.charAt(this.index + num) : false;
  },

  isNumber: function(ch) {
    return ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9');
  },

  isWhitespace: function(ch) {
    // IE treats non-breaking space as \u00A0
    return (ch === ' ' || ch === '\r' || ch === '\t' ||
            ch === '\n' || ch === '\v' || ch === '\u00A0');
  },

  isIdent: function(ch) {
    return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' ||
            'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' ||
            '_' === ch || ch === '$');
  },

  isExpOperator: function(ch) {
    return (ch === '-' || ch === '+' || this.isNumber(ch));
  },

  throwError: function(error, start, end) {
    end = end || this.index;
    var colStr = (isDefined(start)
            ? 's ' + start +  '-' + this.index + ' [' + this.text.substring(start, end) + ']'
            : ' ' + end);
    throw $parseMinErr('lexerr', 'Lexer Error: {0} at column{1} in expression [{2}].',
        error, colStr, this.text);
  },

  readNumber: function() {
    var number = '';
    var start = this.index;
    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
      var ch = lowercase(this.text.charAt(this.index));
      if (ch == '.' || this.isNumber(ch)) {
        number += ch;
      } else {
        var peekCh = this.peek();
        if (ch == 'e' && this.isExpOperator(peekCh)) {
          number += ch;
        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
            peekCh && this.isNumber(peekCh) &&
            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
          number += ch;
        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
            (!peekCh || !this.isNumber(peekCh)) &&
            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
          this.throwError('Invalid exponent');
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
      this.index++;
    }
    number = 1 * number;
    this.tokens.push({
      index: start,
      text: number,
      literal: true,
      constant: true,
      fn: function() { return number; }
    });
  },

  readIdent: function() {
    var parser = this;

    var ident = '';
    var start = this.index;

    var lastDot, peekIndex, methodName, ch;

    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
      ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
      if (ch === '.' || this.isIdent(ch) || this.isNumber(ch)) {
        if (ch === '.') lastDot = this.index;
        ident += ch;
      } else {
        break;
      }
      this.index++;
    }

    //check if this is not a method invocation and if it is back out to last dot
    if (lastDot) {
      peekIndex = this.index;
      while (peekIndex < this.text.length) {
        ch = this.text.charAt(peekIndex);
        if (ch === '(') {
          methodName = ident.substr(lastDot - start + 1);
          ident = ident.substr(0, lastDot - start);
          this.index = peekIndex;
          break;
        }
        if (this.isWhitespace(ch)) {
          peekIndex++;
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
    }


    var token = {
      index: start,
      text: ident
    };

    // OPERATORS is our own object so we don't need to use special hasOwnPropertyFn
    if (OPERATORS.hasOwnProperty(ident)) {
      token.fn = OPERATORS[ident];
      token.literal = true;
      token.constant = true;
    } else {
      var getter = getterFn(ident, this.options, this.text);
      token.fn = extend(function(self, locals) {
        return (getter(self, locals));
      }, {
        assign: function(self, value) {
          return setter(self, ident, value, parser.text, parser.options);
        }
      });
    }

    this.tokens.push(token);

    if (methodName) {
      this.tokens.push({
        index:lastDot,
        text: '.'
      });
      this.tokens.push({
        index: lastDot + 1,
        text: methodName
      });
    }
  },

  readString: function(quote) {
    var start = this.index;
    this.index++;
    var string = '';
    var rawString = quote;
    var escape = false;
    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
      rawString += ch;
      if (escape) {
        if (ch === 'u') {
          var hex = this.text.substring(this.index + 1, this.index + 5);
          if (!hex.match(/[\da-f]{4}/i))
            this.throwError('Invalid unicode escape [\\u' + hex + ']');
          this.index += 4;
          string += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16));
        } else {
          var rep = ESCAPE[ch];
          if (rep) {
            string += rep;
          } else {
            string += ch;
          }
        }
        escape = false;
      } else if (ch === '\\') {
        escape = true;
      } else if (ch === quote) {
        this.index++;
        this.tokens.push({
          index: start,
          text: rawString,
          string: string,
          literal: true,
          constant: true,
          fn: function() { return string; }
        });
        return;
      } else {
        string += ch;
      }
      this.index++;
    }
    this.throwError('Unterminated quote', start);
  }
};


/**
 * @constructor
 */
var Parser = function (lexer, $filter, options) {
  this.lexer = lexer;
  this.$filter = $filter;
  this.options = options;
};

Parser.ZERO = extend(function () {
  return 0;
}, {
  constant: true
});

Parser.prototype = {
  constructor: Parser,

  parse: function (text) {
    this.text = text;

    this.tokens = this.lexer.lex(text);

    var value = this.statements();

    if (this.tokens.length !== 0) {
      this.throwError('is an unexpected token', this.tokens[0]);
    }

    value.literal = !!value.literal;
    value.constant = !!value.constant;

    return value;
  },

  primary: function () {
    var primary;
    if (this.expect('(')) {
      primary = this.filterChain();
      this.consume(')');
    } else if (this.expect('[')) {
      primary = this.arrayDeclaration();
    } else if (this.expect('{')) {
      primary = this.object();
    } else {
      var token = this.expect();
      primary = token.fn;
      if (!primary) {
        this.throwError('not a primary expression', token);
      }
      primary.literal = !!token.literal;
      primary.constant = !!token.constant;
    }

    var next, context;
    while ((next = this.expect('(', '[', '.'))) {
      if (next.text === '(') {
        primary = this.functionCall(primary, context);
        context = null;
      } else if (next.text === '[') {
        context = primary;
        primary = this.objectIndex(primary);
      } else if (next.text === '.') {
        context = primary;
        primary = this.fieldAccess(primary);
      } else {
        this.throwError('IMPOSSIBLE');
      }
    }
    return primary;
  },

  throwError: function(msg, token) {
    throw $parseMinErr('syntax',
        'Syntax Error: Token \'{0}\' {1} at column {2} of the expression [{3}] starting at [{4}].',
          token.text, msg, (token.index + 1), this.text, this.text.substring(token.index));
  },

  peekToken: function() {
    if (this.tokens.length === 0)
      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
    return this.tokens[0];
  },

  peek: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
    if (this.tokens.length > 0) {
      var token = this.tokens[0];
      var t = token.text;
      if (t === e1 || t === e2 || t === e3 || t === e4 ||
          (!e1 && !e2 && !e3 && !e4)) {
        return token;
      }
    }
    return false;
  },

  expect: function(e1, e2, e3, e4){
    var token = this.peek(e1, e2, e3, e4);
    if (token) {
      this.tokens.shift();
      return token;
    }
    return false;
  },

  consume: function(e1){
    if (!this.expect(e1)) {
      this.throwError('is unexpected, expecting [' + e1 + ']', this.peek());
    }
  },

  unaryFn: function(fn, right) {
    return extend(function(self, locals) {
      return fn(self, locals, right);
    }, {
      constant:right.constant
    });
  },

  ternaryFn: function(left, middle, right){
    return extend(function(self, locals){
      return left(self, locals) ? middle(self, locals) : right(self, locals);
    }, {
      constant: left.constant && middle.constant && right.constant
    });
  },

  binaryFn: function(left, fn, right) {
    return extend(function(self, locals) {
      return fn(self, locals, left, right);
    }, {
      constant:left.constant && right.constant
    });
  },

  statements: function() {
    var statements = [];
    while (true) {
      if (this.tokens.length > 0 && !this.peek('}', ')', ';', ']'))
        statements.push(this.filterChain());
      if (!this.expect(';')) {
        // optimize for the common case where there is only one statement.
        // TODO(size): maybe we should not support multiple statements?
        return (statements.length === 1)
            ? statements[0]
            : function(self, locals) {
                var value;
                for (var i = 0; i < statements.length; i++) {
                  var statement = statements[i];
                  if (statement) {
                    value = statement(self, locals);
                  }
                }
                return value;
              };
      }
    }
  },

  filterChain: function() {
    var left = this.expression();
    var token;
    while (true) {
      if ((token = this.expect('|'))) {
        left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.filter());
      } else {
        return left;
      }
    }
  },

  filter: function() {
    var token = this.expect();
    var fn = this.$filter(token.text);
    var argsFn = [];
    while (true) {
      if ((token = this.expect(':'))) {
        argsFn.push(this.expression());
      } else {
        var fnInvoke = function(self, locals, input) {
          var args = [input];
          for (var i = 0; i < argsFn.length; i++) {
            args.push(argsFn[i](self, locals));
          }
          return fn.apply(self, args);
        };
        return function() {
          return fnInvoke;
        };
      }
    }
  },

  expression: function() {
    return this.assignment();
  },

  assignment: function() {
    var left = this.ternary();
    var right;
    var token;
    if ((token = this.expect('='))) {
      if (!left.assign) {
        this.throwError('implies assignment but [' +
            this.text.substring(0, token.index) + '] can not be assigned to', token);
      }
      right = this.ternary();
      return function(scope, locals) {
        return left.assign(scope, right(scope, locals), locals);
      };
    }
    return left;
  },

  ternary: function() {
    var left = this.logicalOR();
    var middle;
    var token;
    if ((token = this.expect('?'))) {
      middle = this.ternary();
      if ((token = this.expect(':'))) {
        return this.ternaryFn(left, middle, this.ternary());
      } else {
        this.throwError('expected :', token);
      }
    } else {
      return left;
    }
  },

  logicalOR: function() {
    var left = this.logicalAND();
    var token;
    while (true) {
      if ((token = this.expect('||'))) {
        left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.logicalAND());
      } else {
        return left;
      }
    }
  },

  logicalAND: function() {
    var left = this.equality();
    var token;
    if ((token = this.expect('&&'))) {
      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.logicalAND());
    }
    return left;
  },

  equality: function() {
    var left = this.relational();
    var token;
    if ((token = this.expect('==','!=','===','!=='))) {
      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.equality());
    }
    return left;
  },

  relational: function() {
    var left = this.additive();
    var token;
    if ((token = this.expect('<', '>', '<=', '>='))) {
      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.relational());
    }
    return left;
  },

  additive: function() {
    var left = this.multiplicative();
    var token;
    while ((token = this.expect('+','-'))) {
      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.multiplicative());
    }
    return left;
  },

  multiplicative: function() {
    var left = this.unary();
    var token;
    while ((token = this.expect('*','/','%'))) {
      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.unary());
    }
    return left;
  },

  unary: function() {
    var token;
    if (this.expect('+')) {
      return this.primary();
    } else if ((token = this.expect('-'))) {
      return this.binaryFn(Parser.ZERO, token.fn, this.unary());
    } else if ((token = this.expect('!'))) {
      return this.unaryFn(token.fn, this.unary());
    } else {
      return this.primary();
    }
  },

  fieldAccess: function(object) {
    var parser = this;
    var field = this.expect().text;
    var getter = getterFn(field, this.options, this.text);

    return extend(function(scope, locals, self) {
      return getter(self || object(scope, locals));
    }, {
      assign: function(scope, value, locals) {
        return setter(object(scope, locals), field, value, parser.text, parser.options);
      }
    });
  },

  objectIndex: function(obj) {
    var parser = this;

    var indexFn = this.expression();
    this.consume(']');

    return extend(function(self, locals) {
      var o = obj(self, locals),
          i = indexFn(self, locals),
          v, p;

      ensureSafeMemberName(i, parser.text);
      if (!o) return undefined;
      v = ensureSafeObject(o[i], parser.text);
      if (v && v.then && parser.options.unwrapPromises) {
        p = v;
        if (!('$$v' in v)) {
          p.$$v = undefined;
          p.then(function(val) { p.$$v = val; });
        }
        v = v.$$v;
      }
      return v;
    }, {
      assign: function(self, value, locals) {
        var key = indexFn(self, locals);
        // prevent overwriting of Function.constructor which would break ensureSafeObject check
        var safe = ensureSafeObject(obj(self, locals), parser.text);
        return safe[key] = value;
      }
    });
  },

  functionCall: function(fn, contextGetter) {
    var argsFn = [];
    if (this.peekToken().text !== ')') {
      do {
        argsFn.push(this.expression());
      } while (this.expect(','));
    }
    this.consume(')');

    var parser = this;

    return function(scope, locals) {
      var args = [];
      var context = contextGetter ? contextGetter(scope, locals) : scope;

      for (var i = 0; i < argsFn.length; i++) {
        args.push(argsFn[i](scope, locals));
      }
      var fnPtr = fn(scope, locals, context) || noop;

      ensureSafeObject(context, parser.text);
      ensureSafeFunction(fnPtr, parser.text);

      // IE stupidity! (IE doesn't have apply for some native functions)
      var v = fnPtr.apply
            ? fnPtr.apply(context, args)
            : fnPtr(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4]);

      return ensureSafeObject(v, parser.text);
    };
  },

  // This is used with json array declaration
  arrayDeclaration: function () {
    var elementFns = [];
    var allConstant = true;
    if (this.peekToken().text !== ']') {
      do {
        if (this.peek(']')) {
          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
          break;
        }
        var elementFn = this.expression();
        elementFns.push(elementFn);
        if (!elementFn.constant) {
          allConstant = false;
        }
      } while (this.expect(','));
    }
    this.consume(']');

    return extend(function(self, locals) {
      var array = [];
      for (var i = 0; i < elementFns.length; i++) {
        array.push(elementFns[i](self, locals));
      }
      return array;
    }, {
      literal: true,
      constant: allConstant
    });
  },

  object: function () {
    var keyValues = [];
    var allConstant = true;
    if (this.peekToken().text !== '}') {
      do {
        if (this.peek('}')) {
          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
          break;
        }
        var token = this.expect(),
        key = token.string || token.text;
        this.consume(':');
        var value = this.expression();
        keyValues.push({key: key, value: value});
        if (!value.constant) {
          allConstant = false;
        }
      } while (this.expect(','));
    }
    this.consume('}');

    return extend(function(self, locals) {
      var object = {};
      for (var i = 0; i < keyValues.length; i++) {
        var keyValue = keyValues[i];
        object[keyValue.key] = keyValue.value(self, locals);
      }
      return object;
    }, {
      literal: true,
      constant: allConstant
    });
  }
};


//////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Parser helper functions
//////////////////////////////////////////////////

function setter(obj, path, setValue, fullExp, options) {
  //needed?
  options = options || {};

  var element = path.split('.'), key;
  for (var i = 0; element.length > 1; i++) {
    key = ensureSafeMemberName(element.shift(), fullExp);
    var propertyObj = obj[key];
    if (!propertyObj) {
      propertyObj = {};
      obj[key] = propertyObj;
    }
    obj = propertyObj;
    if (obj.then && options.unwrapPromises) {
      promiseWarning(fullExp);
      if (!("$$v" in obj)) {
        (function(promise) {
          promise.then(function(val) { promise.$$v = val; }); }
        )(obj);
      }
      if (obj.$$v === undefined) {
        obj.$$v = {};
      }
      obj = obj.$$v;
    }
  }
  key = ensureSafeMemberName(element.shift(), fullExp);
  ensureSafeObject(obj, fullExp);
  ensureSafeObject(obj[key], fullExp);
  obj[key] = setValue;
  return setValue;
}

var getterFnCache = {};

/**
 * Implementation of the "Black Hole" variant from:
 * - http://jsperf.com/angularjs-parse-getter/4
 * - http://jsperf.com/path-evaluation-simplified/7
 */
function cspSafeGetterFn(key0, key1, key2, key3, key4, fullExp, options) {
  ensureSafeMemberName(key0, fullExp);
  ensureSafeMemberName(key1, fullExp);
  ensureSafeMemberName(key2, fullExp);
  ensureSafeMemberName(key3, fullExp);
  ensureSafeMemberName(key4, fullExp);

  return !options.unwrapPromises
      ? function cspSafeGetter(scope, locals) {
          var pathVal = (locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key0)) ? locals : scope;

          if (pathVal == null) return pathVal;
          pathVal = pathVal[key0];

          if (!key1) return pathVal;
          if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
          pathVal = pathVal[key1];

          if (!key2) return pathVal;
          if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
          pathVal = pathVal[key2];

          if (!key3) return pathVal;
          if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
          pathVal = pathVal[key3];

          if (!key4) return pathVal;
          if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
          pathVal = pathVal[key4];

          return pathVal;
        }
      : function cspSafePromiseEnabledGetter(scope, locals) {
          var pathVal = (locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key0)) ? locals : scope,
              promise;

          if (pathVal == null) return pathVal;

          pathVal = pathVal[key0];
          if (pathVal && pathVal.then) {
            promiseWarning(fullExp);
            if (!("$$v" in pathVal)) {
              promise = pathVal;
              promise.$$v = undefined;
              promise.then(function(val) { promise.$$v = val; });
            }
            pathVal = pathVal.$$v;
          }

          if (!key1) return pathVal;
          if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
          pathVal = pathVal[key1];
          if (pathVal && pathVal.then) {
            promiseWarning(fullExp);
            if (!("$$v" in pathVal)) {
              promise = pathVal;
              promise.$$v = undefined;
              promise.then(function(val) { promise.$$v = val; });
            }
            pathVal = pathVal.$$v;
          }

          if (!key2) return pathVal;
          if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
          pathVal = pathVal[key2];
          if (pathVal && pathVal.then) {
            promiseWarning(fullExp);
            if (!("$$v" in pathVal)) {
              promise = pathVal;
              promise.$$v = undefined;
              promise.then(function(val) { promise.$$v = val; });
            }
            pathVal = pathVal.$$v;
          }

          if (!key3) return pathVal;
          if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
          pathVal = pathVal[key3];
          if (pathVal && pathVal.then) {
            promiseWarning(fullExp);
            if (!("$$v" in pathVal)) {
              promise = pathVal;
              promise.$$v = undefined;
              promise.then(function(val) { promise.$$v = val; });
            }
            pathVal = pathVal.$$v;
          }

          if (!key4) return pathVal;
          if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
          pathVal = pathVal[key4];
          if (pathVal && pathVal.then) {
            promiseWarning(fullExp);
            if (!("$$v" in pathVal)) {
              promise = pathVal;
              promise.$$v = undefined;
              promise.then(function(val) { promise.$$v = val; });
            }
            pathVal = pathVal.$$v;
          }
          return pathVal;
        };
}

function simpleGetterFn1(key0, fullExp) {
  ensureSafeMemberName(key0, fullExp);

  return function simpleGetterFn1(scope, locals) {
    if (scope == null) return undefined;
    return ((locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key0)) ? locals : scope)[key0];
  };
}

function simpleGetterFn2(key0, key1, fullExp) {
  ensureSafeMemberName(key0, fullExp);
  ensureSafeMemberName(key1, fullExp);

  return function simpleGetterFn2(scope, locals) {
    if (scope == null) return undefined;
    scope = ((locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key0)) ? locals : scope)[key0];
    return scope == null ? undefined : scope[key1];
  };
}

function getterFn(path, options, fullExp) {
  // Check whether the cache has this getter already.
  // We can use hasOwnProperty directly on the cache because we ensure,
  // see below, that the cache never stores a path called 'hasOwnProperty'
  if (getterFnCache.hasOwnProperty(path)) {
    return getterFnCache[path];
  }

  var pathKeys = path.split('.'),
      pathKeysLength = pathKeys.length,
      fn;

  // When we have only 1 or 2 tokens, use optimized special case closures.
  // http://jsperf.com/angularjs-parse-getter/6
  if (!options.unwrapPromises && pathKeysLength === 1) {
    fn = simpleGetterFn1(pathKeys[0], fullExp);
  } else if (!options.unwrapPromises && pathKeysLength === 2) {
    fn = simpleGetterFn2(pathKeys[0], pathKeys[1], fullExp);
  } else if (options.csp) {
    if (pathKeysLength < 6) {
      fn = cspSafeGetterFn(pathKeys[0], pathKeys[1], pathKeys[2], pathKeys[3], pathKeys[4], fullExp,
                          options);
    } else {
      fn = function(scope, locals) {
        var i = 0, val;
        do {
          val = cspSafeGetterFn(pathKeys[i++], pathKeys[i++], pathKeys[i++], pathKeys[i++],
                                pathKeys[i++], fullExp, options)(scope, locals);

          locals = undefined; // clear after first iteration
          scope = val;
        } while (i < pathKeysLength);
        return val;
      };
    }
  } else {
    var code = 'var p;\n';
    forEach(pathKeys, function(key, index) {
      ensureSafeMemberName(key, fullExp);
      code += 'if(s == null) return undefined;\n' +
              's='+ (index
                      // we simply dereference 's' on any .dot notation
                      ? 's'
                      // but if we are first then we check locals first, and if so read it first
                      : '((k&&k.hasOwnProperty("' + key + '"))?k:s)') + '["' + key + '"]' + ';\n' +
              (options.unwrapPromises
                ? 'if (s && s.then) {\n' +
                  ' pw("' + fullExp.replace(/(["\r\n])/g, '\\$1') + '");\n' +
                  ' if (!("$$v" in s)) {\n' +
                    ' p=s;\n' +
                    ' p.$$v = undefined;\n' +
                    ' p.then(function(v) {p.$$v=v;});\n' +
                    '}\n' +
                  ' s=s.$$v\n' +
                '}\n'
                : '');
    });
    code += 'return s;';

    /* jshint -W054 */
    var evaledFnGetter = new Function('s', 'k', 'pw', code); // s=scope, k=locals, pw=promiseWarning
    /* jshint +W054 */
    evaledFnGetter.toString = valueFn(code);
    fn = options.unwrapPromises ? function(scope, locals) {
      return evaledFnGetter(scope, locals, promiseWarning);
    } : evaledFnGetter;
  }

  // Only cache the value if it's not going to mess up the cache object
  // This is more performant that using Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call
  if (path !== 'hasOwnProperty') {
    getterFnCache[path] = fn;
  }
  return fn;
}

///////////////////////////////////

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $parse
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *
 * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.
 *
 * ```js
 *   var getter = $parse('user.name');
 *   var setter = getter.assign;
 *   var context = {user:{name:'angular'}};
 *   var locals = {user:{name:'local'}};
 *
 *   expect(getter(context)).toEqual('angular');
 *   setter(context, 'newValue');
 *   expect(context.user.name).toEqual('newValue');
 *   expect(getter(context, locals)).toEqual('local');
 * ```
 *
 *
 * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
 * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
 *
 *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
 *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
 *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
 *      `context`.
 *
 *    The returned function also has the following properties:
 *      * `literal` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression's top-level node is a JavaScript
 *        literal.
 *      * `constant` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression is made entirely of JavaScript
 *        constant literals.
 *      * `assign` – `{?function(context, value)}` – if the expression is assignable, this will be
 *        set to a function to change its value on the given context.
 *
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $parseProvider
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * `$parseProvider` can be used for configuring the default behavior of the {@link ng.$parse $parse}
 *  service.
 */
function $ParseProvider() {
  var cache = {};

  var $parseOptions = {
    csp: false,
    unwrapPromises: false,
    logPromiseWarnings: true
  };


  /**
   * @deprecated Promise unwrapping via $parse is deprecated and will be removed in the future.
   *
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $parseProvider#unwrapPromises
   * @description
   *
   * **This feature is deprecated, see deprecation notes below for more info**
   *
   * If set to true (default is false), $parse will unwrap promises automatically when a promise is
   * found at any part of the expression. In other words, if set to true, the expression will always
   * result in a non-promise value.
   *
   * While the promise is unresolved, it's treated as undefined, but once resolved and fulfilled,
   * the fulfillment value is used in place of the promise while evaluating the expression.
   *
   * **Deprecation notice**
   *
   * This is a feature that didn't prove to be wildly useful or popular, primarily because of the
   * dichotomy between data access in templates (accessed as raw values) and controller code
   * (accessed as promises).
   *
   * In most code we ended up resolving promises manually in controllers anyway and thus unifying
   * the model access there.
   *
   * Other downsides of automatic promise unwrapping:
   *
   * - when building components it's often desirable to receive the raw promises
   * - adds complexity and slows down expression evaluation
   * - makes expression code pre-generation unattractive due to the amount of code that needs to be
   *   generated
   * - makes IDE auto-completion and tool support hard
   *
   * **Warning Logs**
   *
   * If the unwrapping is enabled, Angular will log a warning about each expression that unwraps a
   * promise (to reduce the noise, each expression is logged only once). To disable this logging use
   * `$parseProvider.logPromiseWarnings(false)` api.
   *
   *
   * @param {boolean=} value New value.
   * @returns {boolean|self} Returns the current setting when used as getter and self if used as
   *                         setter.
   */
  this.unwrapPromises = function(value) {
    if (isDefined(value)) {
      $parseOptions.unwrapPromises = !!value;
      return this;
    } else {
      return $parseOptions.unwrapPromises;
    }
  };


  /**
   * @deprecated Promise unwrapping via $parse is deprecated and will be removed in the future.
   *
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $parseProvider#logPromiseWarnings
   * @description
   *
   * Controls whether Angular should log a warning on any encounter of a promise in an expression.
   *
   * The default is set to `true`.
   *
   * This setting applies only if `$parseProvider.unwrapPromises` setting is set to true as well.
   *
   * @param {boolean=} value New value.
   * @returns {boolean|self} Returns the current setting when used as getter and self if used as
   *                         setter.
   */
 this.logPromiseWarnings = function(value) {
    if (isDefined(value)) {
      $parseOptions.logPromiseWarnings = value;
      return this;
    } else {
      return $parseOptions.logPromiseWarnings;
    }
  };


  this.$get = ['$filter', '$sniffer', '$log', function($filter, $sniffer, $log) {
    $parseOptions.csp = $sniffer.csp;

    promiseWarning = function promiseWarningFn(fullExp) {
      if (!$parseOptions.logPromiseWarnings || promiseWarningCache.hasOwnProperty(fullExp)) return;
      promiseWarningCache[fullExp] = true;
      $log.warn('[$parse] Promise found in the expression `' + fullExp + '`. ' +
          'Automatic unwrapping of promises in Angular expressions is deprecated.');
    };

    return function(exp) {
      var parsedExpression;

      switch (typeof exp) {
        case 'string':

          if (cache.hasOwnProperty(exp)) {
            return cache[exp];
          }

          var lexer = new Lexer($parseOptions);
          var parser = new Parser(lexer, $filter, $parseOptions);
          parsedExpression = parser.parse(exp);

          if (exp !== 'hasOwnProperty') {
            // Only cache the value if it's not going to mess up the cache object
            // This is more performant that using Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call
            cache[exp] = parsedExpression;
          }

          return parsedExpression;

        case 'function':
          return exp;

        default:
          return noop;
      }
    };
  }];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $q
 * @requires $rootScope
 *
 * @description
 * A promise/deferred implementation inspired by [Kris Kowal's Q](https://github.com/kriskowal/q).
 *
 * [The CommonJS Promise proposal](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Promises) describes a promise as an
 * interface for interacting with an object that represents the result of an action that is
 * performed asynchronously, and may or may not be finished at any given point in time.
 *
 * From the perspective of dealing with error handling, deferred and promise APIs are to
 * asynchronous programming what `try`, `catch` and `throw` keywords are to synchronous programming.
 *
 * ```js
 *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q`, `scope` and `okToGreet`
 *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
 *
 *   function asyncGreet(name) {
 *     var deferred = $q.defer();
 *
 *     setTimeout(function() {
 *       deferred.notify('About to greet ' + name + '.');
 *
 *       if (okToGreet(name)) {
 *         deferred.resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
 *       } else {
 *         deferred.reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
 *       }
 *     }, 1000);
 *
 *     return deferred.promise;
 *   }
 *
 *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
 *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
 *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
 *   }, function(reason) {
 *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
 *   }, function(update) {
 *     alert('Got notification: ' + update);
 *   });
 * ```
 *
 * At first it might not be obvious why this extra complexity is worth the trouble. The payoff
 * comes in the way of guarantees that promise and deferred APIs make, see
 * https://github.com/kriskowal/uncommonjs/blob/master/promises/specification.md.
 *
 * Additionally the promise api allows for composition that is very hard to do with the
 * traditional callback ([CPS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style)) approach.
 * For more on this please see the [Q documentation](https://github.com/kriskowal/q) especially the
 * section on serial or parallel joining of promises.
 *
 *
 * # The Deferred API
 *
 * A new instance of deferred is constructed by calling `$q.defer()`.
 *
 * The purpose of the deferred object is to expose the associated Promise instance as well as APIs
 * that can be used for signaling the successful or unsuccessful completion, as well as the status
 * of the task.
 *
 * **Methods**
 *
 * - `resolve(value)` – resolves the derived promise with the `value`. If the value is a rejection
 *   constructed via `$q.reject`, the promise will be rejected instead.
 * - `reject(reason)` – rejects the derived promise with the `reason`. This is equivalent to
 *   resolving it with a rejection constructed via `$q.reject`.
 * - `notify(value)` - provides updates on the status of the promise's execution. This may be called
 *   multiple times before the promise is either resolved or rejected.
 *
 * **Properties**
 *
 * - promise – `{Promise}` – promise object associated with this deferred.
 *
 *
 * # The Promise API
 *
 * A new promise instance is created when a deferred instance is created and can be retrieved by
 * calling `deferred.promise`.
 *
 * The purpose of the promise object is to allow for interested parties to get access to the result
 * of the deferred task when it completes.
 *
 * **Methods**
 *
 * - `then(successCallback, errorCallback, notifyCallback)` – regardless of when the promise was or
 *   will be resolved or rejected, `then` calls one of the success or error callbacks asynchronously
 *   as soon as the result is available. The callbacks are called with a single argument: the result
 *   or rejection reason. Additionally, the notify callback may be called zero or more times to
 *   provide a progress indication, before the promise is resolved or rejected.
 *
 *   This method *returns a new promise* which is resolved or rejected via the return value of the
 *   `successCallback`, `errorCallback`. It also notifies via the return value of the
 *   `notifyCallback` method. The promise can not be resolved or rejected from the notifyCallback
 *   method.
 *
 * - `catch(errorCallback)` – shorthand for `promise.then(null, errorCallback)`
 *
 * - `finally(callback)` – allows you to observe either the fulfillment or rejection of a promise,
 *   but to do so without modifying the final value. This is useful to release resources or do some
 *   clean-up that needs to be done whether the promise was rejected or resolved. See the [full
 *   specification](https://github.com/kriskowal/q/wiki/API-Reference#promisefinallycallback) for
 *   more information.
 *
 *   Because `finally` is a reserved word in JavaScript and reserved keywords are not supported as
 *   property names by ES3, you'll need to invoke the method like `promise['finally'](callback)` to
 *   make your code IE8 and Android 2.x compatible.
 *
 * # Chaining promises
 *
 * Because calling the `then` method of a promise returns a new derived promise, it is easily
 * possible to create a chain of promises:
 *
 * ```js
 *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
 *     return result + 1;
 *   });
 *
 *   // promiseB will be resolved immediately after promiseA is resolved and its value
 *   // will be the result of promiseA incremented by 1
 * ```
 *
 * It is possible to create chains of any length and since a promise can be resolved with another
 * promise (which will defer its resolution further), it is possible to pause/defer resolution of
 * the promises at any point in the chain. This makes it possible to implement powerful APIs like
 * $http's response interceptors.
 *
 *
 * # Differences between Kris Kowal's Q and $q
 *
 *  There are two main differences:
 *
 * - $q is integrated with the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope} Scope model observation
 *   mechanism in angular, which means faster propagation of resolution or rejection into your
 *   models and avoiding unnecessary browser repaints, which would result in flickering UI.
 * - Q has many more features than $q, but that comes at a cost of bytes. $q is tiny, but contains
 *   all the important functionality needed for common async tasks.
 *
 *  # Testing
 *
 *  ```js
 *    it('should simulate promise', inject(function($q, $rootScope) {
 *      var deferred = $q.defer();
 *      var promise = deferred.promise;
 *      var resolvedValue;
 *
 *      promise.then(function(value) { resolvedValue = value; });
 *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
 *
 *      // Simulate resolving of promise
 *      deferred.resolve(123);
 *      // Note that the 'then' function does not get called synchronously.
 *      // This is because we want the promise API to always be async, whether or not
 *      // it got called synchronously or asynchronously.
 *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
 *
 *      // Propagate promise resolution to 'then' functions using $apply().
 *      $rootScope.$apply();
 *      expect(resolvedValue).toEqual(123);
 *    }));
 *  ```
 */
function $QProvider() {

  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$exceptionHandler', function($rootScope, $exceptionHandler) {
    return qFactory(function(callback) {
      $rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
    }, $exceptionHandler);
  }];
}


/**
 * Constructs a promise manager.
 *
 * @param {function(Function)} nextTick Function for executing functions in the next turn.
 * @param {function(...*)} exceptionHandler Function into which unexpected exceptions are passed for
 *     debugging purposes.
 * @returns {object} Promise manager.
 */
function qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler) {

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $q#defer
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Creates a `Deferred` object which represents a task which will finish in the future.
   *
   * @returns {Deferred} Returns a new instance of deferred.
   */
  var defer = function() {
    var pending = [],
        value, deferred;

    deferred = {

      resolve: function(val) {
        if (pending) {
          var callbacks = pending;
          pending = undefined;
          value = ref(val);

          if (callbacks.length) {
            nextTick(function() {
              var callback;
              for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
                callback = callbacks[i];
                value.then(callback[0], callback[1], callback[2]);
              }
            });
          }
        }
      },


      reject: function(reason) {
        deferred.resolve(createInternalRejectedPromise(reason));
      },


      notify: function(progress) {
        if (pending) {
          var callbacks = pending;

          if (pending.length) {
            nextTick(function() {
              var callback;
              for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
                callback = callbacks[i];
                callback[2](progress);
              }
            });
          }
        }
      },


      promise: {
        then: function(callback, errback, progressback) {
          var result = defer();

          var wrappedCallback = function(value) {
            try {
              result.resolve((isFunction(callback) ? callback : defaultCallback)(value));
            } catch(e) {
              result.reject(e);
              exceptionHandler(e);
            }
          };

          var wrappedErrback = function(reason) {
            try {
              result.resolve((isFunction(errback) ? errback : defaultErrback)(reason));
            } catch(e) {
              result.reject(e);
              exceptionHandler(e);
            }
          };

          var wrappedProgressback = function(progress) {
            try {
              result.notify((isFunction(progressback) ? progressback : defaultCallback)(progress));
            } catch(e) {
              exceptionHandler(e);
            }
          };

          if (pending) {
            pending.push([wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback, wrappedProgressback]);
          } else {
            value.then(wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback, wrappedProgressback);
          }

          return result.promise;
        },

        "catch": function(callback) {
          return this.then(null, callback);
        },

        "finally": function(callback) {

          function makePromise(value, resolved) {
            var result = defer();
            if (resolved) {
              result.resolve(value);
            } else {
              result.reject(value);
            }
            return result.promise;
          }

          function handleCallback(value, isResolved) {
            var callbackOutput = null;
            try {
              callbackOutput = (callback ||defaultCallback)();
            } catch(e) {
              return makePromise(e, false);
            }
            if (callbackOutput && isFunction(callbackOutput.then)) {
              return callbackOutput.then(function() {
                return makePromise(value, isResolved);
              }, function(error) {
                return makePromise(error, false);
              });
            } else {
              return makePromise(value, isResolved);
            }
          }

          return this.then(function(value) {
            return handleCallback(value, true);
          }, function(error) {
            return handleCallback(error, false);
          });
        }
      }
    };

    return deferred;
  };


  var ref = function(value) {
    if (value && isFunction(value.then)) return value;
    return {
      then: function(callback) {
        var result = defer();
        nextTick(function() {
          result.resolve(callback(value));
        });
        return result.promise;
      }
    };
  };


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $q#reject
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Creates a promise that is resolved as rejected with the specified `reason`. This api should be
   * used to forward rejection in a chain of promises. If you are dealing with the last promise in
   * a promise chain, you don't need to worry about it.
   *
   * When comparing deferreds/promises to the familiar behavior of try/catch/throw, think of
   * `reject` as the `throw` keyword in JavaScript. This also means that if you "catch" an error via
   * a promise error callback and you want to forward the error to the promise derived from the
   * current promise, you have to "rethrow" the error by returning a rejection constructed via
   * `reject`.
   *
   * ```js
   *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
   *     // success: do something and resolve promiseB
   *     //          with the old or a new result
   *     return result;
   *   }, function(reason) {
   *     // error: handle the error if possible and
   *     //        resolve promiseB with newPromiseOrValue,
   *     //        otherwise forward the rejection to promiseB
   *     if (canHandle(reason)) {
   *      // handle the error and recover
   *      return newPromiseOrValue;
   *     }
   *     return $q.reject(reason);
   *   });
   * ```
   *
   * @param {*} reason Constant, message, exception or an object representing the rejection reason.
   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise that was already resolved as rejected with the `reason`.
   */
  var reject = function(reason) {
    var result = defer();
    result.reject(reason);
    return result.promise;
  };

  var createInternalRejectedPromise = function(reason) {
    return {
      then: function(callback, errback) {
        var result = defer();
        nextTick(function() {
          try {
            result.resolve((isFunction(errback) ? errback : defaultErrback)(reason));
          } catch(e) {
            result.reject(e);
            exceptionHandler(e);
          }
        });
        return result.promise;
      }
    };
  };


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $q#when
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Wraps an object that might be a value or a (3rd party) then-able promise into a $q promise.
   * This is useful when you are dealing with an object that might or might not be a promise, or if
   * the promise comes from a source that can't be trusted.
   *
   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
   */
  var when = function(value, callback, errback, progressback) {
    var result = defer(),
        done;

    var wrappedCallback = function(value) {
      try {
        return (isFunction(callback) ? callback : defaultCallback)(value);
      } catch (e) {
        exceptionHandler(e);
        return reject(e);
      }
    };

    var wrappedErrback = function(reason) {
      try {
        return (isFunction(errback) ? errback : defaultErrback)(reason);
      } catch (e) {
        exceptionHandler(e);
        return reject(e);
      }
    };

    var wrappedProgressback = function(progress) {
      try {
        return (isFunction(progressback) ? progressback : defaultCallback)(progress);
      } catch (e) {
        exceptionHandler(e);
      }
    };

    nextTick(function() {
      ref(value).then(function(value) {
        if (done) return;
        done = true;
        result.resolve(ref(value).then(wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback, wrappedProgressback));
      }, function(reason) {
        if (done) return;
        done = true;
        result.resolve(wrappedErrback(reason));
      }, function(progress) {
        if (done) return;
        result.notify(wrappedProgressback(progress));
      });
    });

    return result.promise;
  };


  function defaultCallback(value) {
    return value;
  }


  function defaultErrback(reason) {
    return reject(reason);
  }


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $q#all
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Combines multiple promises into a single promise that is resolved when all of the input
   * promises are resolved.
   *
   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
   * @returns {Promise} Returns a single promise that will be resolved with an array/hash of values,
   *   each value corresponding to the promise at the same index/key in the `promises` array/hash.
   *   If any of the promises is resolved with a rejection, this resulting promise will be rejected
   *   with the same rejection value.
   */
  function all(promises) {
    var deferred = defer(),
        counter = 0,
        results = isArray(promises) ? [] : {};

    forEach(promises, function(promise, key) {
      counter++;
      ref(promise).then(function(value) {
        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
        results[key] = value;
        if (!(--counter)) deferred.resolve(results);
      }, function(reason) {
        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
        deferred.reject(reason);
      });
    });

    if (counter === 0) {
      deferred.resolve(results);
    }

    return deferred.promise;
  }

  return {
    defer: defer,
    reject: reject,
    when: when,
    all: all
  };
}

function $$RAFProvider(){ //rAF
  this.$get = ['$window', '$timeout', function($window, $timeout) {
    var requestAnimationFrame = $window.requestAnimationFrame ||
                                $window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
                                $window.mozRequestAnimationFrame;

    var cancelAnimationFrame = $window.cancelAnimationFrame ||
                               $window.webkitCancelAnimationFrame ||
                               $window.mozCancelAnimationFrame ||
                               $window.webkitCancelRequestAnimationFrame;

    var rafSupported = !!requestAnimationFrame;
    var raf = rafSupported
      ? function(fn) {
          var id = requestAnimationFrame(fn);
          return function() {
            cancelAnimationFrame(id);
          };
        }
      : function(fn) {
          var timer = $timeout(fn, 16.66, false); // 1000 / 60 = 16.666
          return function() {
            $timeout.cancel(timer);
          };
        };

    raf.supported = rafSupported;

    return raf;
  }];
}

/**
 * DESIGN NOTES
 *
 * The design decisions behind the scope are heavily favored for speed and memory consumption.
 *
 * The typical use of scope is to watch the expressions, which most of the time return the same
 * value as last time so we optimize the operation.
 *
 * Closures construction is expensive in terms of speed as well as memory:
 *   - No closures, instead use prototypical inheritance for API
 *   - Internal state needs to be stored on scope directly, which means that private state is
 *     exposed as $$____ properties
 *
 * Loop operations are optimized by using while(count--) { ... }
 *   - this means that in order to keep the same order of execution as addition we have to add
 *     items to the array at the beginning (unshift) instead of at the end (push)
 *
 * Child scopes are created and removed often
 *   - Using an array would be slow since inserts in middle are expensive so we use linked list
 *
 * There are few watches then a lot of observers. This is why you don't want the observer to be
 * implemented in the same way as watch. Watch requires return of initialization function which
 * are expensive to construct.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $rootScopeProvider
 * @description
 *
 * Provider for the $rootScope service.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $rootScopeProvider#digestTtl
 * @description
 *
 * Sets the number of `$digest` iterations the scope should attempt to execute before giving up and
 * assuming that the model is unstable.
 *
 * The current default is 10 iterations.
 *
 * In complex applications it's possible that the dependencies between `$watch`s will result in
 * several digest iterations. However if an application needs more than the default 10 digest
 * iterations for its model to stabilize then you should investigate what is causing the model to
 * continuously change during the digest.
 *
 * Increasing the TTL could have performance implications, so you should not change it without
 * proper justification.
 *
 * @param {number} limit The number of digest iterations.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $rootScope
 * @description
 *
 * Every application has a single root {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
 * All other scopes are descendant scopes of the root scope. Scopes provide separation
 * between the model and the view, via a mechanism for watching the model for changes.
 * They also provide an event emission/broadcast and subscription facility. See the
 * {@link guide/scope developer guide on scopes}.
 */
function $RootScopeProvider(){
  var TTL = 10;
  var $rootScopeMinErr = minErr('$rootScope');
  var lastDirtyWatch = null;

  this.digestTtl = function(value) {
    if (arguments.length) {
      TTL = value;
    }
    return TTL;
  };

  this.$get = ['$injector', '$exceptionHandler', '$parse', '$browser',
      function( $injector,   $exceptionHandler,   $parse,   $browser) {

    /**
     * @ngdoc type
     * @name $rootScope.Scope
     *
     * @description
     * A root scope can be retrieved using the {@link ng.$rootScope $rootScope} key from the
     * {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Child scopes are created using the
     * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$new $new()} method. (Most scopes are created automatically when
     * compiled HTML template is executed.)
     *
     * Here is a simple scope snippet to show how you can interact with the scope.
     * ```html
     * <file src="./test/ng/rootScopeSpec.js" tag="docs1" />
     * ```
     *
     * # Inheritance
     * A scope can inherit from a parent scope, as in this example:
     * ```js
         var parent = $rootScope;
         var child = parent.$new();

         parent.salutation = "Hello";
         child.name = "World";
         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Hello');

         child.salutation = "Welcome";
         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Welcome');
         expect(parent.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
     * ```
     *
     *
     * @param {Object.<string, function()>=} providers Map of service factory which need to be
     *                                       provided for the current scope. Defaults to {@link ng}.
     * @param {Object.<string, *>=} instanceCache Provides pre-instantiated services which should
     *                              append/override services provided by `providers`. This is handy
     *                              when unit-testing and having the need to override a default
     *                              service.
     * @returns {Object} Newly created scope.
     *
     */
    function Scope() {
      this.$id = nextUid();
      this.$$phase = this.$parent = this.$$watchers =
                     this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling =
                     this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
      this['this'] = this.$root =  this;
      this.$$destroyed = false;
      this.$$asyncQueue = [];
      this.$$postDigestQueue = [];
      this.$$listeners = {};
      this.$$listenerCount = {};
      this.$$isolateBindings = {};
    }

    /**
     * @ngdoc property
     * @name $rootScope.Scope#$id
     * @returns {number} Unique scope ID (monotonically increasing alphanumeric sequence) useful for
     *   debugging.
     */


    Scope.prototype = {
      constructor: Scope,
      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$new
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Creates a new child {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
       *
       * The parent scope will propagate the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} and
       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} events. The scope can be removed from the
       * scope hierarchy using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()}.
       *
       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()} must be called on a scope when it is
       * desired for the scope and its child scopes to be permanently detached from the parent and
       * thus stop participating in model change detection and listener notification by invoking.
       *
       * @param {boolean} isolate If true, then the scope does not prototypically inherit from the
       *         parent scope. The scope is isolated, as it can not see parent scope properties.
       *         When creating widgets, it is useful for the widget to not accidentally read parent
       *         state.
       *
       * @returns {Object} The newly created child scope.
       *
       */
      $new: function(isolate) {
        var ChildScope,
            child;

        if (isolate) {
          child = new Scope();
          child.$root = this.$root;
          // ensure that there is just one async queue per $rootScope and its children
          child.$$asyncQueue = this.$$asyncQueue;
          child.$$postDigestQueue = this.$$postDigestQueue;
        } else {
          // Only create a child scope class if somebody asks for one,
          // but cache it to allow the VM to optimize lookups.
          if (!this.$$childScopeClass) {
            this.$$childScopeClass = function() {
              this.$$watchers = this.$$nextSibling =
                  this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
              this.$$listeners = {};
              this.$$listenerCount = {};
              this.$id = nextUid();
              this.$$childScopeClass = null;
            };
            this.$$childScopeClass.prototype = this;
          }
          child = new this.$$childScopeClass();
        }
        child['this'] = child;
        child.$parent = this;
        child.$$prevSibling = this.$$childTail;
        if (this.$$childHead) {
          this.$$childTail.$$nextSibling = child;
          this.$$childTail = child;
        } else {
          this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = child;
        }
        return child;
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watch
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Registers a `listener` callback to be executed whenever the `watchExpression` changes.
       *
       * - The `watchExpression` is called on every call to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest
       *   $digest()} and should return the value that will be watched. (Since
       *   {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} reruns when it detects changes the
       *   `watchExpression` can execute multiple times per
       *   {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} and should be idempotent.)
       * - The `listener` is called only when the value from the current `watchExpression` and the
       *   previous call to `watchExpression` are not equal (with the exception of the initial run,
       *   see below). Inequality is determined according to reference inequality,
       *   [strict comparison](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators)
       *    via the `!==` Javascript operator, unless `objectEquality == true`
       *   (see next point)
       * - When `objectEquality == true`, inequality of the `watchExpression` is determined
       *   according to the {@link angular.equals} function. To save the value of the object for
       *   later comparison, the {@link angular.copy} function is used. This therefore means that
       *   watching complex objects will have adverse memory and performance implications.
       * - The watch `listener` may change the model, which may trigger other `listener`s to fire.
       *   This is achieved by rerunning the watchers until no changes are detected. The rerun
       *   iteration limit is 10 to prevent an infinite loop deadlock.
       *
       *
       * If you want to be notified whenever {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} is called,
       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with no `listener`. (Since `watchExpression`
       * can execute multiple times per {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle when a
       * change is detected, be prepared for multiple calls to your listener.)
       *
       * After a watcher is registered with the scope, the `listener` fn is called asynchronously
       * (via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync $evalAsync}) to initialize the
       * watcher. In rare cases, this is undesirable because the listener is called when the result
       * of `watchExpression` didn't change. To detect this scenario within the `listener` fn, you
       * can compare the `newVal` and `oldVal`. If these two values are identical (`===`) then the
       * listener was called due to initialization.
       *
       * The example below contains an illustration of using a function as your $watch listener
       *
       *
       * # Example
       * ```js
           // let's assume that scope was dependency injected as the $rootScope
           var scope = $rootScope;
           scope.name = 'misko';
           scope.counter = 0;

           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
           });
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);

           scope.$digest();
           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);

           scope.$digest();
           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);

           scope.name = 'adam';
           scope.$digest();
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);



           // Using a listener function
           var food;
           scope.foodCounter = 0;
           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
           scope.$watch(
             // This is the listener function
             function() { return food; },
             // This is the change handler
             function(newValue, oldValue) {
               if ( newValue !== oldValue ) {
                 // Only increment the counter if the value changed
                 scope.foodCounter = scope.foodCounter + 1;
               }
             }
           );
           // No digest has been run so the counter will be zero
           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);

           // Run the digest but since food has not changed count will still be zero
           scope.$digest();
           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);

           // Update food and run digest.  Now the counter will increment
           food = 'cheeseburger';
           scope.$digest();
           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(1);

       * ```
       *
       *
       *
       * @param {(function()|string)} watchExpression Expression that is evaluated on each
       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. A change in the return value triggers
       *    a call to the `listener`.
       *
       *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}
       *    - `function(scope)`: called with current `scope` as a parameter.
       * @param {(function()|string)=} listener Callback called whenever the return value of
       *   the `watchExpression` changes.
       *
       *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}
       *    - `function(newValue, oldValue, scope)`: called with current and previous values as
       *      parameters.
       *
       * @param {boolean=} objectEquality Compare for object equality using {@link angular.equals} instead of
       *     comparing for reference equality.
       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
       */
      $watch: function(watchExp, listener, objectEquality) {
        var scope = this,
            get = compileToFn(watchExp, 'watch'),
            array = scope.$$watchers,
            watcher = {
              fn: listener,
              last: initWatchVal,
              get: get,
              exp: watchExp,
              eq: !!objectEquality
            };

        lastDirtyWatch = null;

        // in the case user pass string, we need to compile it, do we really need this ?
        if (!isFunction(listener)) {
          var listenFn = compileToFn(listener || noop, 'listener');
          watcher.fn = function(newVal, oldVal, scope) {listenFn(scope);};
        }

        if (typeof watchExp == 'string' && get.constant) {
          var originalFn = watcher.fn;
          watcher.fn = function(newVal, oldVal, scope) {
            originalFn.call(this, newVal, oldVal, scope);
            arrayRemove(array, watcher);
          };
        }

        if (!array) {
          array = scope.$$watchers = [];
        }
        // we use unshift since we use a while loop in $digest for speed.
        // the while loop reads in reverse order.
        array.unshift(watcher);

        return function deregisterWatch() {
          arrayRemove(array, watcher);
          lastDirtyWatch = null;
        };
      },


      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Shallow watches the properties of an object and fires whenever any of the properties change
       * (for arrays, this implies watching the array items; for object maps, this implies watching
       * the properties). If a change is detected, the `listener` callback is fired.
       *
       * - The `obj` collection is observed via standard $watch operation and is examined on every
       *   call to $digest() to see if any items have been added, removed, or moved.
       * - The `listener` is called whenever anything within the `obj` has changed. Examples include
       *   adding, removing, and moving items belonging to an object or array.
       *
       *
       * # Example
       * ```js
          $scope.names = ['igor', 'matias', 'misko', 'james'];
          $scope.dataCount = 4;

          $scope.$watchCollection('names', function(newNames, oldNames) {
            $scope.dataCount = newNames.length;
          });

          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
          $scope.$digest();

          //still at 4 ... no changes
          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);

          $scope.names.pop();
          $scope.$digest();

          //now there's been a change
          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(3);
       * ```
       *
       *
       * @param {string|function(scope)} obj Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}. The
       *    expression value should evaluate to an object or an array which is observed on each
       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. Any shallow change within the
       *    collection will trigger a call to the `listener`.
       *
       * @param {function(newCollection, oldCollection, scope)} listener a callback function called
       *    when a change is detected.
       *    - The `newCollection` object is the newly modified data obtained from the `obj` expression
       *    - The `oldCollection` object is a copy of the former collection data.
       *      Due to performance considerations, the`oldCollection` value is computed only if the
       *      `listener` function declares two or more arguments.
       *    - The `scope` argument refers to the current scope.
       *
       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for this listener. When the
       *    de-registration function is executed, the internal watch operation is terminated.
       */
      $watchCollection: function(obj, listener) {
        var self = this;
        // the current value, updated on each dirty-check run
        var newValue;
        // a shallow copy of the newValue from the last dirty-check run,
        // updated to match newValue during dirty-check run
        var oldValue;
        // a shallow copy of the newValue from when the last change happened
        var veryOldValue;
        // only track veryOldValue if the listener is asking for it
        var trackVeryOldValue = (listener.length > 1);
        var changeDetected = 0;
        var objGetter = $parse(obj);
        var internalArray = [];
        var internalObject = {};
        var initRun = true;
        var oldLength = 0;

        function $watchCollectionWatch() {
          newValue = objGetter(self);
          var newLength, key;

          if (!isObject(newValue)) { // if primitive
            if (oldValue !== newValue) {
              oldValue = newValue;
              changeDetected++;
            }
          } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
            if (oldValue !== internalArray) {
              // we are transitioning from something which was not an array into array.
              oldValue = internalArray;
              oldLength = oldValue.length = 0;
              changeDetected++;
            }

            newLength = newValue.length;

            if (oldLength !== newLength) {
              // if lengths do not match we need to trigger change notification
              changeDetected++;
              oldValue.length = oldLength = newLength;
            }
            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
            for (var i = 0; i < newLength; i++) {
              var bothNaN = (oldValue[i] !== oldValue[i]) &&
                  (newValue[i] !== newValue[i]);
              if (!bothNaN && (oldValue[i] !== newValue[i])) {
                changeDetected++;
                oldValue[i] = newValue[i];
              }
            }
          } else {
            if (oldValue !== internalObject) {
              // we are transitioning from something which was not an object into object.
              oldValue = internalObject = {};
              oldLength = 0;
              changeDetected++;
            }
            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
            newLength = 0;
            for (key in newValue) {
              if (newValue.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                newLength++;
                if (oldValue.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                  if (oldValue[key] !== newValue[key]) {
                    changeDetected++;
                    oldValue[key] = newValue[key];
                  }
                } else {
                  oldLength++;
                  oldValue[key] = newValue[key];
                  changeDetected++;
                }
              }
            }
            if (oldLength > newLength) {
              // we used to have more keys, need to find them and destroy them.
              changeDetected++;
              for(key in oldValue) {
                if (oldValue.hasOwnProperty(key) && !newValue.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                  oldLength--;
                  delete oldValue[key];
                }
              }
            }
          }
          return changeDetected;
        }

        function $watchCollectionAction() {
          if (initRun) {
            initRun = false;
            listener(newValue, newValue, self);
          } else {
            listener(newValue, veryOldValue, self);
          }

          // make a copy for the next time a collection is changed
          if (trackVeryOldValue) {
            if (!isObject(newValue)) {
              //primitive
              veryOldValue = newValue;
            } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
              veryOldValue = new Array(newValue.length);
              for (var i = 0; i < newValue.length; i++) {
                veryOldValue[i] = newValue[i];
              }
            } else { // if object
              veryOldValue = {};
              for (var key in newValue) {
                if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
                  veryOldValue[key] = newValue[key];
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }

        return this.$watch($watchCollectionWatch, $watchCollectionAction);
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$digest
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Processes all of the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers} of the current scope and
       * its children. Because a {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watcher}'s listener can change
       * the model, the `$digest()` keeps calling the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers}
       * until no more listeners are firing. This means that it is possible to get into an infinite
       * loop. This function will throw `'Maximum iteration limit exceeded.'` if the number of
       * iterations exceeds 10.
       *
       * Usually, you don't call `$digest()` directly in
       * {@link ng.directive:ngController controllers} or in
       * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
       * Instead, you should call {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply()} (typically from within
       * a {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}), which will force a `$digest()`.
       *
       * If you want to be notified whenever `$digest()` is called,
       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with
       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} with no `listener`.
       *
       * In unit tests, you may need to call `$digest()` to simulate the scope life cycle.
       *
       * # Example
       * ```js
           var scope = ...;
           scope.name = 'misko';
           scope.counter = 0;

           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
           });
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);

           scope.$digest();
           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);

           scope.$digest();
           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);

           scope.name = 'adam';
           scope.$digest();
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
       * ```
       *
       */
      $digest: function() {
        var watch, value, last,
            watchers,
            asyncQueue = this.$$asyncQueue,
            postDigestQueue = this.$$postDigestQueue,
            length,
            dirty, ttl = TTL,
            next, current, target = this,
            watchLog = [],
            logIdx, logMsg, asyncTask;

        beginPhase('$digest');

        lastDirtyWatch = null;

        do { // "while dirty" loop
          dirty = false;
          current = target;

          while(asyncQueue.length) {
            try {
              asyncTask = asyncQueue.shift();
              asyncTask.scope.$eval(asyncTask.expression);
            } catch (e) {
              clearPhase();
              $exceptionHandler(e);
            }
            lastDirtyWatch = null;
          }

          traverseScopesLoop:
          do { // "traverse the scopes" loop
            if ((watchers = current.$$watchers)) {
              // process our watches
              length = watchers.length;
              while (length--) {
                try {
                  watch = watchers[length];
                  // Most common watches are on primitives, in which case we can short
                  // circuit it with === operator, only when === fails do we use .equals
                  if (watch) {
                    if ((value = watch.get(current)) !== (last = watch.last) &&
                        !(watch.eq
                            ? equals(value, last)
                            : (typeof value === 'number' && typeof last === 'number'
                               && isNaN(value) && isNaN(last)))) {
                      dirty = true;
                      lastDirtyWatch = watch;
                      watch.last = watch.eq ? copy(value, null) : value;
                      watch.fn(value, ((last === initWatchVal) ? value : last), current);
                      if (ttl < 5) {
                        logIdx = 4 - ttl;
                        if (!watchLog[logIdx]) watchLog[logIdx] = [];
                        logMsg = (isFunction(watch.exp))
                            ? 'fn: ' + (watch.exp.name || watch.exp.toString())
                            : watch.exp;
                        logMsg += '; newVal: ' + toJson(value) + '; oldVal: ' + toJson(last);
                        watchLog[logIdx].push(logMsg);
                      }
                    } else if (watch === lastDirtyWatch) {
                      // If the most recently dirty watcher is now clean, short circuit since the remaining watchers
                      // have already been tested.
                      dirty = false;
                      break traverseScopesLoop;
                    }
                  }
                } catch (e) {
                  clearPhase();
                  $exceptionHandler(e);
                }
              }
            }

            // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
            // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
            // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $broadcast
            if (!(next = (current.$$childHead ||
                (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
              while(current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
                current = current.$parent;
              }
            }
          } while ((current = next));

          // `break traverseScopesLoop;` takes us to here

          if((dirty || asyncQueue.length) && !(ttl--)) {
            clearPhase();
            throw $rootScopeMinErr('infdig',
                '{0} $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\n' +
                'Watchers fired in the last 5 iterations: {1}',
                TTL, toJson(watchLog));
          }

        } while (dirty || asyncQueue.length);

        clearPhase();

        while(postDigestQueue.length) {
          try {
            postDigestQueue.shift()();
          } catch (e) {
            $exceptionHandler(e);
          }
        }
      },


      /**
       * @ngdoc event
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
       * @eventType broadcast on scope being destroyed
       *
       * @description
       * Broadcasted when a scope and its children are being destroyed.
       *
       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
       */

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Removes the current scope (and all of its children) from the parent scope. Removal implies
       * that calls to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} will no longer
       * propagate to the current scope and its children. Removal also implies that the current
       * scope is eligible for garbage collection.
       *
       * The `$destroy()` is usually used by directives such as
       * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} for managing the
       * unrolling of the loop.
       *
       * Just before a scope is destroyed, a `$destroy` event is broadcasted on this scope.
       * Application code can register a `$destroy` event handler that will give it a chance to
       * perform any necessary cleanup.
       *
       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
       */
      $destroy: function() {
        // we can't destroy the root scope or a scope that has been already destroyed
        if (this.$$destroyed) return;
        var parent = this.$parent;

        this.$broadcast('$destroy');
        this.$$destroyed = true;
        if (this === $rootScope) return;

        forEach(this.$$listenerCount, bind(null, decrementListenerCount, this));

        // sever all the references to parent scopes (after this cleanup, the current scope should
        // not be retained by any of our references and should be eligible for garbage collection)
        if (parent.$$childHead == this) parent.$$childHead = this.$$nextSibling;
        if (parent.$$childTail == this) parent.$$childTail = this.$$prevSibling;
        if (this.$$prevSibling) this.$$prevSibling.$$nextSibling = this.$$nextSibling;
        if (this.$$nextSibling) this.$$nextSibling.$$prevSibling = this.$$prevSibling;


        // All of the code below is bogus code that works around V8's memory leak via optimized code
        // and inline caches.
        //
        // see:
        // - https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2073#c26
        // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/6794#issuecomment-38648909
        // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/1313#issuecomment-10378451

        this.$parent = this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling = this.$$childHead =
            this.$$childTail = this.$root = null;

        // don't reset these to null in case some async task tries to register a listener/watch/task
        this.$$listeners = {};
        this.$$watchers = this.$$asyncQueue = this.$$postDigestQueue = [];

        // prevent NPEs since these methods have references to properties we nulled out
        this.$destroy = this.$digest = this.$apply = noop;
        this.$on = this.$watch = function() { return noop; };
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$eval
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Executes the `expression` on the current scope and returns the result. Any exceptions in
       * the expression are propagated (uncaught). This is useful when evaluating Angular
       * expressions.
       *
       * # Example
       * ```js
           var scope = ng.$rootScope.Scope();
           scope.a = 1;
           scope.b = 2;

           expect(scope.$eval('a+b')).toEqual(3);
           expect(scope.$eval(function(scope){ return scope.a + scope.b; })).toEqual(3);
       * ```
       *
       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
       *
       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in  {@link guide/expression expression}.
       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
       *
       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
       */
      $eval: function(expr, locals) {
        return $parse(expr)(this, locals);
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Executes the expression on the current scope at a later point in time.
       *
       * The `$evalAsync` makes no guarantees as to when the `expression` will be executed, only
       * that:
       *
       *   - it will execute after the function that scheduled the evaluation (preferably before DOM
       *     rendering).
       *   - at least one {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest cycle} will be performed after
       *     `expression` execution.
       *
       * Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
       * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
       *
       * __Note:__ if this function is called outside of a `$digest` cycle, a new `$digest` cycle
       * will be scheduled. However, it is encouraged to always call code that changes the model
       * from within an `$apply` call. That includes code evaluated via `$evalAsync`.
       *
       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
       *
       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
       *
       */
      $evalAsync: function(expr) {
        // if we are outside of an $digest loop and this is the first time we are scheduling async
        // task also schedule async auto-flush
        if (!$rootScope.$$phase && !$rootScope.$$asyncQueue.length) {
          $browser.defer(function() {
            if ($rootScope.$$asyncQueue.length) {
              $rootScope.$digest();
            }
          });
        }

        this.$$asyncQueue.push({scope: this, expression: expr});
      },

      $$postDigest : function(fn) {
        this.$$postDigestQueue.push(fn);
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$apply
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * `$apply()` is used to execute an expression in angular from outside of the angular
       * framework. (For example from browser DOM events, setTimeout, XHR or third party libraries).
       * Because we are calling into the angular framework we need to perform proper scope life
       * cycle of {@link ng.$exceptionHandler exception handling},
       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest executing watches}.
       *
       * ## Life cycle
       *
       * # Pseudo-Code of `$apply()`
       * ```js
           function $apply(expr) {
             try {
               return $eval(expr);
             } catch (e) {
               $exceptionHandler(e);
             } finally {
               $root.$digest();
             }
           }
       * ```
       *
       *
       * Scope's `$apply()` method transitions through the following stages:
       *
       * 1. The {@link guide/expression expression} is executed using the
       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$eval $eval()} method.
       * 2. Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
       *    {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
       * 3. The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watch} listeners are fired immediately after the
       *    expression was executed using the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} method.
       *
       *
       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An angular expression to be executed.
       *
       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
       *
       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
       */
      $apply: function(expr) {
        try {
          beginPhase('$apply');
          return this.$eval(expr);
        } catch (e) {
          $exceptionHandler(e);
        } finally {
          clearPhase();
          try {
            $rootScope.$digest();
          } catch (e) {
            $exceptionHandler(e);
            throw e;
          }
        }
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$on
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Listens on events of a given type. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$emit $emit} for
       * discussion of event life cycle.
       *
       * The event listener function format is: `function(event, args...)`. The `event` object
       * passed into the listener has the following attributes:
       *
       *   - `targetScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope on which the event was `$emit`-ed or
       *     `$broadcast`-ed.
       *   - `currentScope` - `{Scope}`: the current scope which is handling the event.
       *   - `name` - `{string}`: name of the event.
       *   - `stopPropagation` - `{function=}`: calling `stopPropagation` function will cancel
       *     further event propagation (available only for events that were `$emit`-ed).
       *   - `preventDefault` - `{function}`: calling `preventDefault` sets `defaultPrevented` flag
       *     to true.
       *   - `defaultPrevented` - `{boolean}`: true if `preventDefault` was called.
       *
       * @param {string} name Event name to listen on.
       * @param {function(event, ...args)} listener Function to call when the event is emitted.
       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
       */
      $on: function(name, listener) {
        var namedListeners = this.$$listeners[name];
        if (!namedListeners) {
          this.$$listeners[name] = namedListeners = [];
        }
        namedListeners.push(listener);

        var current = this;
        do {
          if (!current.$$listenerCount[name]) {
            current.$$listenerCount[name] = 0;
          }
          current.$$listenerCount[name]++;
        } while ((current = current.$parent));

        var self = this;
        return function() {
          namedListeners[indexOf(namedListeners, listener)] = null;
          decrementListenerCount(self, 1, name);
        };
      },


      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$emit
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Dispatches an event `name` upwards through the scope hierarchy notifying the
       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
       *
       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$emit` was called. All
       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
       * notified. Afterwards, the event traverses upwards toward the root scope and calls all
       * registered listeners along the way. The event will stop propagating if one of the listeners
       * cancels it.
       *
       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
       *
       * @param {string} name Event name to emit.
       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
       * @return {Object} Event object (see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}).
       */
      $emit: function(name, args) {
        var empty = [],
            namedListeners,
            scope = this,
            stopPropagation = false,
            event = {
              name: name,
              targetScope: scope,
              stopPropagation: function() {stopPropagation = true;},
              preventDefault: function() {
                event.defaultPrevented = true;
              },
              defaultPrevented: false
            },
            listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
            i, length;

        do {
          namedListeners = scope.$$listeners[name] || empty;
          event.currentScope = scope;
          for (i=0, length=namedListeners.length; i<length; i++) {

            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
            if (!namedListeners[i]) {
              namedListeners.splice(i, 1);
              i--;
              length--;
              continue;
            }
            try {
              //allow all listeners attached to the current scope to run
              namedListeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
            } catch (e) {
              $exceptionHandler(e);
            }
          }
          //if any listener on the current scope stops propagation, prevent bubbling
          if (stopPropagation) return event;
          //traverse upwards
          scope = scope.$parent;
        } while (scope);

        return event;
      },


      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$broadcast
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Dispatches an event `name` downwards to all child scopes (and their children) notifying the
       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
       *
       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$broadcast` was called. All
       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
       * notified. Afterwards, the event propagates to all direct and indirect scopes of the current
       * scope and calls all registered listeners along the way. The event cannot be canceled.
       *
       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
       *
       * @param {string} name Event name to broadcast.
       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
       * @return {Object} Event object, see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}
       */
      $broadcast: function(name, args) {
        var target = this,
            current = target,
            next = target,
            event = {
              name: name,
              targetScope: target,
              preventDefault: function() {
                event.defaultPrevented = true;
              },
              defaultPrevented: false
            },
            listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
            listeners, i, length;

        //down while you can, then up and next sibling or up and next sibling until back at root
        while ((current = next)) {
          event.currentScope = current;
          listeners = current.$$listeners[name] || [];
          for (i=0, length = listeners.length; i<length; i++) {
            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
            if (!listeners[i]) {
              listeners.splice(i, 1);
              i--;
              length--;
              continue;
            }

            try {
              listeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
            } catch(e) {
              $exceptionHandler(e);
            }
          }

          // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
          // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
          // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $digest
          // (though it differs due to having the extra check for $$listenerCount)
          if (!(next = ((current.$$listenerCount[name] && current.$$childHead) ||
              (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
            while(current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
              current = current.$parent;
            }
          }
        }

        return event;
      }
    };

    var $rootScope = new Scope();

    return $rootScope;


    function beginPhase(phase) {
      if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
        throw $rootScopeMinErr('inprog', '{0} already in progress', $rootScope.$$phase);
      }

      $rootScope.$$phase = phase;
    }

    function clearPhase() {
      $rootScope.$$phase = null;
    }

    function compileToFn(exp, name) {
      var fn = $parse(exp);
      assertArgFn(fn, name);
      return fn;
    }

    function decrementListenerCount(current, count, name) {
      do {
        current.$$listenerCount[name] -= count;

        if (current.$$listenerCount[name] === 0) {
          delete current.$$listenerCount[name];
        }
      } while ((current = current.$parent));
    }

    /**
     * function used as an initial value for watchers.
     * because it's unique we can easily tell it apart from other values
     */
    function initWatchVal() {}
  }];
}

/**
 * @description
 * Private service to sanitize uris for links and images. Used by $compile and $sanitize.
 */
function $$SanitizeUriProvider() {
  var aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*(https?|ftp|mailto|tel|file):/,
    imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*(https?|ftp|file):|data:image\//;

  /**
   * @description
   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
   *
   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
   *
   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
   *
   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
   *    chaining otherwise.
   */
  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
      aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
      return this;
    }
    return aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
  };


  /**
   * @description
   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
   *
   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
   *
   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
   *
   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
   *    chaining otherwise.
   */
  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
      imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
      return this;
    }
    return imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist;
  };

  this.$get = function() {
    return function sanitizeUri(uri, isImage) {
      var regex = isImage ? imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist : aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
      var normalizedVal;
      // NOTE: urlResolve() doesn't support IE < 8 so we don't sanitize for that case.
      if (!msie || msie >= 8 ) {
        normalizedVal = urlResolve(uri).href;
        if (normalizedVal !== '' && !normalizedVal.match(regex)) {
          return 'unsafe:'+normalizedVal;
        }
      }
      return uri;
    };
  };
}

var $sceMinErr = minErr('$sce');

var SCE_CONTEXTS = {
  HTML: 'html',
  CSS: 'css',
  URL: 'url',
  // RESOURCE_URL is a subtype of URL used in contexts where a privileged resource is sourced from a
  // url.  (e.g. ng-include, script src, templateUrl)
  RESOURCE_URL: 'resourceUrl',
  JS: 'js'
};

// Helper functions follow.

// Copied from:
// http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line962
// Prereq: s is a string.
function escapeForRegexp(s) {
  return s.replace(/([-()\[\]{}+?*.$\^|,:#<!\\])/g, '\\$1').
           replace(/\x08/g, '\\x08');
}


function adjustMatcher(matcher) {
  if (matcher === 'self') {
    return matcher;
  } else if (isString(matcher)) {
    // Strings match exactly except for 2 wildcards - '*' and '**'.
    // '*' matches any character except those from the set ':/.?&'.
    // '**' matches any character (like .* in a RegExp).
    // More than 2 *'s raises an error as it's ill defined.
    if (matcher.indexOf('***') > -1) {
      throw $sceMinErr('iwcard',
          'Illegal sequence *** in string matcher.  String: {0}', matcher);
    }
    matcher = escapeForRegexp(matcher).
                  replace('\\*\\*', '.*').
                  replace('\\*', '[^:/.?&;]*');
    return new RegExp('^' + matcher + '$');
  } else if (isRegExp(matcher)) {
    // The only other type of matcher allowed is a Regexp.
    // Match entire URL / disallow partial matches.
    // Flags are reset (i.e. no global, ignoreCase or multiline)
    return new RegExp('^' + matcher.source + '$');
  } else {
    throw $sceMinErr('imatcher',
        'Matchers may only be "self", string patterns or RegExp objects');
  }
}


function adjustMatchers(matchers) {
  var adjustedMatchers = [];
  if (isDefined(matchers)) {
    forEach(matchers, function(matcher) {
      adjustedMatchers.push(adjustMatcher(matcher));
    });
  }
  return adjustedMatchers;
}


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $sceDelegate
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *
 * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
 * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularJS.
 *
 * Typically, you would configure or override the {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} instead of
 * the `$sce` service to customize the way Strict Contextual Escaping works in AngularJS.  This is
 * because, while the `$sce` provides numerous shorthand methods, etc., you really only need to
 * override 3 core functions (`trustAs`, `getTrusted` and `valueOf`) to replace the way things
 * work because `$sce` delegates to `$sceDelegate` for these operations.
 *
 * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} to configure this service.
 *
 * The default instance of `$sceDelegate` should work out of the box with little pain.  While you
 * can override it completely to change the behavior of `$sce`, the common case would
 * involve configuring the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} instead by setting
 * your own whitelists and blacklists for trusting URLs used for loading AngularJS resources such as
 * templates.  Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
 * $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and {@link
 * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $sceDelegateProvider
 * @description
 *
 * The `$sceDelegateProvider` provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sceDelegate
 * $sceDelegate} service.  This allows one to get/set the whitelists and blacklists used to ensure
 * that the URLs used for sourcing Angular templates are safe.  Refer {@link
 * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and
 * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
 *
 * For the general details about this service in Angular, read the main page for {@link ng.$sce
 * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
 *
 * **Example**:  Consider the following case. <a name="example"></a>
 *
 * - your app is hosted at url `http://myapp.example.com/`
 * - but some of your templates are hosted on other domains you control such as
 *   `http://srv01.assets.example.com/`,  `http://srv02.assets.example.com/`, etc.
 * - and you have an open redirect at `http://myapp.example.com/clickThru?...`.
 *
 * Here is what a secure configuration for this scenario might look like:
 *
 * <pre class="prettyprint">
 *    angular.module('myApp', []).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
 *      $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist([
 *        // Allow same origin resource loads.
 *        'self',
 *        // Allow loading from our assets domain.  Notice the difference between * and **.
 *        'http://srv*.assets.example.com/**']);
 *
 *      // The blacklist overrides the whitelist so the open redirect here is blocked.
 *      $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist([
 *        'http://myapp.example.com/clickThru**']);
 *      });
 * </pre>
 */

function $SceDelegateProvider() {
  this.SCE_CONTEXTS = SCE_CONTEXTS;

  // Resource URLs can also be trusted by policy.
  var resourceUrlWhitelist = ['self'],
      resourceUrlBlacklist = [];

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
   * @kind function
   *
   * @param {Array=} whitelist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlWhitelist with the value
   *     provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
   *     changes to the array are ignored.
   *
   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
   *     allowed in this array.
   *
   *     Note: **an empty whitelist array will block all URLs**!
   *
   * @return {Array} the currently set whitelist array.
   *
   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is `['self']` allowing only
   * same origin resource requests.
   *
   * @description
   * Sets/Gets the whitelist of trusted resource URLs.
   */
  this.resourceUrlWhitelist = function (value) {
    if (arguments.length) {
      resourceUrlWhitelist = adjustMatchers(value);
    }
    return resourceUrlWhitelist;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist
   * @kind function
   *
   * @param {Array=} blacklist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlBlacklist with the value
   *     provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
   *     changes to the array are ignored.
   *
   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
   *     allowed in this array.
   *
   *     The typical usage for the blacklist is to **block
   *     [open redirects](http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html)** served by your domain as
   *     these would otherwise be trusted but actually return content from the redirected domain.
   *
   *     Finally, **the blacklist overrides the whitelist** and has the final say.
   *
   * @return {Array} the currently set blacklist array.
   *
   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is the empty array (i.e. there
   * is no blacklist.)
   *
   * @description
   * Sets/Gets the blacklist of trusted resource URLs.
   */

  this.resourceUrlBlacklist = function (value) {
    if (arguments.length) {
      resourceUrlBlacklist = adjustMatchers(value);
    }
    return resourceUrlBlacklist;
  };

  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {

    var htmlSanitizer = function htmlSanitizer(html) {
      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
    };

    if ($injector.has('$sanitize')) {
      htmlSanitizer = $injector.get('$sanitize');
    }


    function matchUrl(matcher, parsedUrl) {
      if (matcher === 'self') {
        return urlIsSameOrigin(parsedUrl);
      } else {
        // definitely a regex.  See adjustMatchers()
        return !!matcher.exec(parsedUrl.href);
      }
    }

    function isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(url) {
      var parsedUrl = urlResolve(url.toString());
      var i, n, allowed = false;
      // Ensure that at least one item from the whitelist allows this url.
      for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlWhitelist.length; i < n; i++) {
        if (matchUrl(resourceUrlWhitelist[i], parsedUrl)) {
          allowed = true;
          break;
        }
      }
      if (allowed) {
        // Ensure that no item from the blacklist blocked this url.
        for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlBlacklist.length; i < n; i++) {
          if (matchUrl(resourceUrlBlacklist[i], parsedUrl)) {
            allowed = false;
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      return allowed;
    }

    function generateHolderType(Base) {
      var holderType = function TrustedValueHolderType(trustedValue) {
        this.$$unwrapTrustedValue = function() {
          return trustedValue;
        };
      };
      if (Base) {
        holderType.prototype = new Base();
      }
      holderType.prototype.valueOf = function sceValueOf() {
        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
      };
      holderType.prototype.toString = function sceToString() {
        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue().toString();
      };
      return holderType;
    }

    var trustedValueHolderBase = generateHolderType(),
        byType = {};

    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.CSS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.JS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL] = generateHolderType(byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL]);

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sceDelegate#trustAs
     *
     * @description
     * Returns an object that is trusted by angular for use in specified strict
     * contextual escaping contexts (such as ng-bind-html, ng-include, any src
     * attribute interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation
     * such as for onclick,  etc.) that uses the provided value.
     * See {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual escaping.
     *
     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
     *   resourceUrl, html, js and css.
     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
     */
    function trustAs(type, trustedValue) {
      var Constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
      if (!Constructor) {
        throw $sceMinErr('icontext',
            'Attempted to trust a value in invalid context. Context: {0}; Value: {1}',
            type, trustedValue);
      }
      if (trustedValue === null || trustedValue === undefined || trustedValue === '') {
        return trustedValue;
      }
      // All the current contexts in SCE_CONTEXTS happen to be strings.  In order to avoid trusting
      // mutable objects, we ensure here that the value passed in is actually a string.
      if (typeof trustedValue !== 'string') {
        throw $sceMinErr('itype',
            'Attempted to trust a non-string value in a content requiring a string: Context: {0}',
            type);
      }
      return new Constructor(trustedValue);
    }

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sceDelegate#valueOf
     *
     * @description
     * If the passed parameter had been returned by a prior call to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
     * `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns the value that had been passed to {@link
     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.
     *
     * If the passed parameter is not a value that had been returned by {@link
     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns it as-is.
     *
     * @param {*} value The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}
     *      call or anything else.
     * @returns {*} The `value` that was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if `value` is the result of such a call.  Otherwise, returns
     *     `value` unchanged.
     */
    function valueOf(maybeTrusted) {
      if (maybeTrusted instanceof trustedValueHolderBase) {
        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
      } else {
        return maybeTrusted;
      }
    }

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sceDelegate#getTrusted
     *
     * @description
     * Takes the result of a {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call and
     * returns the originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the
     * created type.  If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
     *
     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call.
     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if valid in this context.  Otherwise, throws an exception.
     */
    function getTrusted(type, maybeTrusted) {
      if (maybeTrusted === null || maybeTrusted === undefined || maybeTrusted === '') {
        return maybeTrusted;
      }
      var constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
      if (constructor && maybeTrusted instanceof constructor) {
        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
      }
      // If we get here, then we may only take one of two actions.
      // 1. sanitize the value for the requested type, or
      // 2. throw an exception.
      if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL) {
        if (isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(maybeTrusted)) {
          return maybeTrusted;
        } else {
          throw $sceMinErr('insecurl',
              'Blocked loading resource from url not allowed by $sceDelegate policy.  URL: {0}',
              maybeTrusted.toString());
        }
      } else if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML) {
        return htmlSanitizer(maybeTrusted);
      }
      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
    }

    return { trustAs: trustAs,
             getTrusted: getTrusted,
             valueOf: valueOf };
  }];
}


/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $sceProvider
 * @description
 *
 * The $sceProvider provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service.
 * -   enable/disable Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) in a module
 * -   override the default implementation with a custom delegate
 *
 * Read more about {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
 */

/* jshint maxlen: false*/

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $sce
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *
 * `$sce` is a service that provides Strict Contextual Escaping services to AngularJS.
 *
 * # Strict Contextual Escaping
 *
 * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) is a mode in which AngularJS requires bindings in certain
 * contexts to result in a value that is marked as safe to use for that context.  One example of
 * such a context is binding arbitrary html controlled by the user via `ng-bind-html`.  We refer
 * to these contexts as privileged or SCE contexts.
 *
 * As of version 1.2, Angular ships with SCE enabled by default.
 *
 * Note:  When enabled (the default), IE8 in quirks mode is not supported.  In this mode, IE8 allows
 * one to execute arbitrary javascript by the use of the expression() syntax.  Refer
 * <http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/10/16/ending-expressions.aspx> to learn more about them.
 * You can ensure your document is in standards mode and not quirks mode by adding `<!doctype html>`
 * to the top of your HTML document.
 *
 * SCE assists in writing code in way that (a) is secure by default and (b) makes auditing for
 * security vulnerabilities such as XSS, clickjacking, etc. a lot easier.
 *
 * Here's an example of a binding in a privileged context:
 *
 * <pre class="prettyprint">
 *     <input ng-model="userHtml">
 *     <div ng-bind-html="userHtml">
 * </pre>
 *
 * Notice that `ng-bind-html` is bound to `userHtml` controlled by the user.  With SCE
 * disabled, this application allows the user to render arbitrary HTML into the DIV.
 * In a more realistic example, one may be rendering user comments, blog articles, etc. via
 * bindings.  (HTML is just one example of a context where rendering user controlled input creates
 * security vulnerabilities.)
 *
 * For the case of HTML, you might use a library, either on the client side, or on the server side,
 * to sanitize unsafe HTML before binding to the value and rendering it in the document.
 *
 * How would you ensure that every place that used these types of bindings was bound to a value that
 * was sanitized by your library (or returned as safe for rendering by your server?)  How can you
 * ensure that you didn't accidentally delete the line that sanitized the value, or renamed some
 * properties/fields and forgot to update the binding to the sanitized value?
 *
 * To be secure by default, you want to ensure that any such bindings are disallowed unless you can
 * determine that something explicitly says it's safe to use a value for binding in that
 * context.  You can then audit your code (a simple grep would do) to ensure that this is only done
 * for those values that you can easily tell are safe - because they were received from your server,
 * sanitized by your library, etc.  You can organize your codebase to help with this - perhaps
 * allowing only the files in a specific directory to do this.  Ensuring that the internal API
 * exposed by that code doesn't markup arbitrary values as safe then becomes a more manageable task.
 *
 * In the case of AngularJS' SCE service, one uses {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}
 * (and shorthand methods such as {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}, etc.) to
 * obtain values that will be accepted by SCE / privileged contexts.
 *
 *
 * ## How does it work?
 *
 * In privileged contexts, directives and code will bind to the result of {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted
 * $sce.getTrusted(context, value)} rather than to the value directly.  Directives use {@link
 * ng.$sce#parse $sce.parseAs} rather than `$parse` to watch attribute bindings, which performs the
 * {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted} behind the scenes on non-constant literals.
 *
 * As an example, {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} uses {@link
 * ng.$sce#parseAsHtml $sce.parseAsHtml(binding expression)}.  Here's the actual code (slightly
 * simplified):
 *
 * <pre class="prettyprint">
 *   var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', function($sce) {
 *     return function(scope, element, attr) {
 *       scope.$watch($sce.parseAsHtml(attr.ngBindHtml), function(value) {
 *         element.html(value || '');
 *       });
 *     };
 *   }];
 * </pre>
 *
 * ## Impact on loading templates
 *
 * This applies both to the {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ng-include`} directive as well as
 * `templateUrl`'s specified by {@link guide/directive directives}.
 *
 * By default, Angular only loads templates from the same domain and protocol as the application
 * document.  This is done by calling {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
 * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on the template URL.  To load templates from other domains and/or
 * protocols, you may either either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist
 * them} or {@link ng.$sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap it} into a trusted value.
 *
 * *Please note*:
 * The browser's
 * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
 * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
 * policy apply in addition to this and may further restrict whether the template is successfully
 * loaded.  This means that without the right CORS policy, loading templates from a different domain
 * won't work on all browsers.  Also, loading templates from `file://` URL does not work on some
 * browsers.
 *
 * ## This feels like too much overhead for the developer?
 *
 * It's important to remember that SCE only applies to interpolation expressions.
 *
 * If your expressions are constant literals, they're automatically trusted and you don't need to
 * call `$sce.trustAs` on them (remember to include the `ngSanitize` module) (e.g.
 * `<div ng-bind-html="'<b>implicitly trusted</b>'"></div>`) just works.
 *
 * Additionally, `a[href]` and `img[src]` automatically sanitize their URLs and do not pass them
 * through {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted}.  SCE doesn't play a role here.
 *
 * The included {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} comes with sane defaults to allow you to load
 * templates in `ng-include` from your application's domain without having to even know about SCE.
 * It blocks loading templates from other domains or loading templates over http from an https
 * served document.  You can change these by setting your own custom {@link
 * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelists} and {@link
 * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist blacklists} for matching such URLs.
 *
 * This significantly reduces the overhead.  It is far easier to pay the small overhead and have an
 * application that's secure and can be audited to verify that with much more ease than bolting
 * security onto an application later.
 *
 * <a name="contexts"></a>
 * ## What trusted context types are supported?
 *
 * | Context             | Notes          |
 * |---------------------|----------------|
 * | `$sce.HTML`         | For HTML that's safe to source into the application.  The {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} directive uses this context for bindings. If an unsafe value is encountered and the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize} module is present this will sanitize the value instead of throwing an error. |
 * | `$sce.CSS`          | For CSS that's safe to source into the application.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
 * | `$sce.URL`          | For URLs that are safe to follow as links.  Currently unused (`<a href=` and `<img src=` sanitize their urls and don't constitute an SCE context. |
 * | `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` | For URLs that are not only safe to follow as links, but whose contents are also safe to include in your application.  Examples include `ng-include`, `src` / `ngSrc` bindings for tags other than `IMG` (e.g. `IFRAME`, `OBJECT`, etc.)  <br><br>Note that `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` makes a stronger statement about the URL than `$sce.URL` does and therefore contexts requiring values trusted for `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` can be used anywhere that values trusted for `$sce.URL` are required. |
 * | `$sce.JS`           | For JavaScript that is safe to execute in your application's context.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
 *
 * ## Format of items in {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist resourceUrlWhitelist}/{@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist Blacklist} <a name="resourceUrlPatternItem"></a>
 *
 *  Each element in these arrays must be one of the following:
 *
 *  - **'self'**
 *    - The special **string**, `'self'`, can be used to match against all URLs of the **same
 *      domain** as the application document using the **same protocol**.
 *  - **String** (except the special value `'self'`)
 *    - The string is matched against the full *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource
 *      being tested (substring matches are not good enough.)
 *    - There are exactly **two wildcard sequences** - `*` and `**`.  All other characters
 *      match themselves.
 *    - `*`: matches zero or more occurrences of any character other than one of the following 6
 *      characters: '`:`', '`/`', '`.`', '`?`', '`&`' and ';'.  It's a useful wildcard for use
 *      in a whitelist.
 *    - `**`: matches zero or more occurrences of *any* character.  As such, it's not
 *      not appropriate to use in for a scheme, domain, etc. as it would match too much.  (e.g.
 *      http://**.example.com/ would match http://evil.com/?ignore=.example.com/ and that might
 *      not have been the intention.)  Its usage at the very end of the path is ok.  (e.g.
 *      http://foo.example.com/templates/**).
 *  - **RegExp** (*see caveat below*)
 *    - *Caveat*:  While regular expressions are powerful and offer great flexibility,  their syntax
 *      (and all the inevitable escaping) makes them *harder to maintain*.  It's easy to
 *      accidentally introduce a bug when one updates a complex expression (imho, all regexes should
 *      have good test coverage.).  For instance, the use of `.` in the regex is correct only in a
 *      small number of cases.  A `.` character in the regex used when matching the scheme or a
 *      subdomain could be matched against a `:` or literal `.` that was likely not intended.   It
 *      is highly recommended to use the string patterns and only fall back to regular expressions
 *      if they as a last resort.
 *    - The regular expression must be an instance of RegExp (i.e. not a string.)  It is
 *      matched against the **entire** *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource being tested
 *      (even when the RegExp did not have the `^` and `$` codes.)  In addition, any flags
 *      present on the RegExp (such as multiline, global, ignoreCase) are ignored.
 *    - If you are generating your JavaScript from some other templating engine (not
 *      recommended, e.g. in issue [#4006](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/4006)),
 *      remember to escape your regular expression (and be aware that you might need more than
 *      one level of escaping depending on your templating engine and the way you interpolated
 *      the value.)  Do make use of your platform's escaping mechanism as it might be good
 *      enough before coding your own.  e.g. Ruby has
 *      [Regexp.escape(str)](http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.0.0/Regexp.html#method-c-escape)
 *      and Python has [re.escape](http://docs.python.org/library/re.html#re.escape).
 *      Javascript lacks a similar built in function for escaping.  Take a look at Google
 *      Closure library's [goog.string.regExpEscape(s)](
 *      http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line962).
 *
 * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} for an example.
 *
 * ## Show me an example using SCE.
 *
 * @example
<example module="mySceApp" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
<file name="index.html">
  <div ng-controller="myAppController as myCtrl">
    <i ng-bind-html="myCtrl.explicitlyTrustedHtml" id="explicitlyTrustedHtml"></i><br><br>
    <b>User comments</b><br>
    By default, HTML that isn't explicitly trusted (e.g. Alice's comment) is sanitized when
    $sanitize is available.  If $sanitize isn't available, this results in an error instead of an
    exploit.
    <div class="well">
      <div ng-repeat="userComment in myCtrl.userComments">
        <b>{{userComment.name}}</b>:
        <span ng-bind-html="userComment.htmlComment" class="htmlComment"></span>
        <br>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</file>

<file name="script.js">
  var mySceApp = angular.module('mySceApp', ['ngSanitize']);

  mySceApp.controller("myAppController", function myAppController($http, $templateCache, $sce) {
    var self = this;
    $http.get("test_data.json", {cache: $templateCache}).success(function(userComments) {
      self.userComments = userComments;
    });
    self.explicitlyTrustedHtml = $sce.trustAsHtml(
        '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
        'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
  });
</file>

<file name="test_data.json">
[
  { "name": "Alice",
    "htmlComment":
        "<span onmouseover='this.textContent=\"PWN3D!\"'>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>"
  },
  { "name": "Bob",
    "htmlComment": "<i>Yes!</i>  Am I the only other one?"
  }
]
</file>

<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
  describe('SCE doc demo', function() {
    it('should sanitize untrusted values', function() {
      expect(element(by.css('.htmlComment')).getInnerHtml())
          .toBe('<span>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>');
    });

    it('should NOT sanitize explicitly trusted values', function() {
      expect(element(by.id('explicitlyTrustedHtml')).getInnerHtml()).toBe(
          '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
          'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
    });
  });
</file>
</example>
 *
 *
 *
 * ## Can I disable SCE completely?
 *
 * Yes, you can.  However, this is strongly discouraged.  SCE gives you a lot of security benefits
 * for little coding overhead.  It will be much harder to take an SCE disabled application and
 * either secure it on your own or enable SCE at a later stage.  It might make sense to disable SCE
 * for cases where you have a lot of existing code that was written before SCE was introduced and
 * you're migrating them a module at a time.
 *
 * That said, here's how you can completely disable SCE:
 *
 * <pre class="prettyprint">
 *   angular.module('myAppWithSceDisabledmyApp', []).config(function($sceProvider) {
 *     // Completely disable SCE.  For demonstration purposes only!
 *     // Do not use in new projects.
 *     $sceProvider.enabled(false);
 *   });
 * </pre>
 *
 */
/* jshint maxlen: 100 */

function $SceProvider() {
  var enabled = true;

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $sceProvider#enabled
   * @kind function
   *
   * @param {boolean=} value If provided, then enables/disables SCE.
   * @return {boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.
   *
   * @description
   * Enables/disables SCE and returns the current value.
   */
  this.enabled = function (value) {
    if (arguments.length) {
      enabled = !!value;
    }
    return enabled;
  };


  /* Design notes on the default implementation for SCE.
   *
   * The API contract for the SCE delegate
   * -------------------------------------
   * The SCE delegate object must provide the following 3 methods:
   *
   * - trustAs(contextEnum, value)
   *     This method is used to tell the SCE service that the provided value is OK to use in the
   *     contexts specified by contextEnum.  It must return an object that will be accepted by
   *     getTrusted() for a compatible contextEnum and return this value.
   *
   * - valueOf(value)
   *     For values that were not produced by trustAs(), return them as is.  For values that were
   *     produced by trustAs(), return the corresponding input value to trustAs.  Basically, if
   *     trustAs is wrapping the given values into some type, this operation unwraps it when given
   *     such a value.
   *
   * - getTrusted(contextEnum, value)
   *     This function should return the a value that is safe to use in the context specified by
   *     contextEnum or throw and exception otherwise.
   *
   * NOTE: This contract deliberately does NOT state that values returned by trustAs() must be
   * opaque or wrapped in some holder object.  That happens to be an implementation detail.  For
   * instance, an implementation could maintain a registry of all trusted objects by context.  In
   * such a case, trustAs() would return the same object that was passed in.  getTrusted() would
   * return the same object passed in if it was found in the registry under a compatible context or
   * throw an exception otherwise.  An implementation might only wrap values some of the time based
   * on some criteria.  getTrusted() might return a value and not throw an exception for special
   * constants or objects even if not wrapped.  All such implementations fulfill this contract.
   *
   *
   * A note on the inheritance model for SCE contexts
   * ------------------------------------------------
   * I've used inheritance and made RESOURCE_URL wrapped types a subtype of URL wrapped types.  This
   * is purely an implementation details.
   *
   * The contract is simply this:
   *
   *     getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value) succeeding implies that getTrusted($sce.URL, value)
   *     will also succeed.
   *
   * Inheritance happens to capture this in a natural way.  In some future, we
   * may not use inheritance anymore.  That is OK because no code outside of
   * sce.js and sceSpecs.js would need to be aware of this detail.
   */

  this.$get = ['$parse', '$sniffer', '$sceDelegate', function(
                $parse,   $sniffer,   $sceDelegate) {
    // Prereq: Ensure that we're not running in IE8 quirks mode.  In that mode, IE allows
    // the "expression(javascript expression)" syntax which is insecure.
    if (enabled && $sniffer.msie && $sniffer.msieDocumentMode < 8) {
      throw $sceMinErr('iequirks',
        'Strict Contextual Escaping does not support Internet Explorer version < 9 in quirks ' +
        'mode.  You can fix this by adding the text <!doctype html> to the top of your HTML ' +
        'document.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce for more information.');
    }

    var sce = shallowCopy(SCE_CONTEXTS);

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#isEnabled
     * @kind function
     *
     * @return {Boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.  If you want to set the value, you
     * have to do it at module config time on {@link ng.$sceProvider $sceProvider}.
     *
     * @description
     * Returns a boolean indicating if SCE is enabled.
     */
    sce.isEnabled = function () {
      return enabled;
    };
    sce.trustAs = $sceDelegate.trustAs;
    sce.getTrusted = $sceDelegate.getTrusted;
    sce.valueOf = $sceDelegate.valueOf;

    if (!enabled) {
      sce.trustAs = sce.getTrusted = function(type, value) { return value; };
      sce.valueOf = identity;
    }

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#parseAs
     *
     * @description
     * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.  This is like {@link
     * ng.$parse $parse} and is identical when the expression is a literal constant.  Otherwise, it
     * wraps the expression in a call to {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(*type*,
     * *result*)}
     *
     * @param {string} type The kind of SCE context in which this result will be used.
     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
     *
     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
     *      `context`.
     */
    sce.parseAs = function sceParseAs(type, expr) {
      var parsed = $parse(expr);
      if (parsed.literal && parsed.constant) {
        return parsed;
      } else {
        return function sceParseAsTrusted(self, locals) {
          return sce.getTrusted(type, parsed(self, locals));
        };
      }
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#trustAs
     *
     * @description
     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.  As such,
     * returns an object that is trusted by angular for use in specified strict contextual
     * escaping contexts (such as ng-bind-html, ng-include, any src attribute
     * interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation such as for onclick,  etc.)
     * that uses the provided value.  See * {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual
     * escaping.
     *
     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
     *   resource_url, html, js and css.
     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#trustAsHtml
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsHtml(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedHtml
     *     $sce.getTrustedHtml(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#trustAsUrl
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsUrl(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.URL, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedUrl
     *     $sce.getTrustedUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#trustAsResourceUrl
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
     *     $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the return
     *     value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#trustAsJs
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsJs(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.JS, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedJs
     *     $sce.getTrustedJs(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#getTrusted
     *
     * @description
     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`}.  As such,
     * takes the result of a {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}() call and returns the
     * originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the created type.
     * If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
     *
     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}
     *                         call.
     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to
     *              {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`} if valid in this context.
     *              Otherwise, throws an exception.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#getTrustedHtml
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedHtml(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#getTrustedCss
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedCss(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#getTrustedUrl
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedUrl(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`.
     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#getTrustedJs
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedJs(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#parseAsHtml
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsHtml(expression string)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sce#parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
     *
     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
     *
     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
     *      `context`.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#parseAsCss
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsCss(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sce#parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.CSS, value)`}
     *
     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
     *
     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
     *      `context`.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#parseAsUrl
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsUrl(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sce#parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.URL, value)`}
     *
     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
     *
     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
     *      `context`.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#parseAsResourceUrl
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsResourceUrl(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sce#parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
     *
     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
     *
     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
     *      `context`.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#parseAsJs
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsJs(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sce#parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.JS, value)`}
     *
     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
     *
     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
     *      `context`.
     */

    // Shorthand delegations.
    var parse = sce.parseAs,
        getTrusted = sce.getTrusted,
        trustAs = sce.trustAs;

    forEach(SCE_CONTEXTS, function (enumValue, name) {
      var lName = lowercase(name);
      sce[camelCase("parse_as_" + lName)] = function (expr) {
        return parse(enumValue, expr);
      };
      sce[camelCase("get_trusted_" + lName)] = function (value) {
        return getTrusted(enumValue, value);
      };
      sce[camelCase("trust_as_" + lName)] = function (value) {
        return trustAs(enumValue, value);
      };
    });

    return sce;
  }];
}

/**
 * !!! This is an undocumented "private" service !!!
 *
 * @name $sniffer
 * @requires $window
 * @requires $document
 *
 * @property {boolean} history Does the browser support html5 history api ?
 * @property {boolean} hashchange Does the browser support hashchange event ?
 * @property {boolean} transitions Does the browser support CSS transition events ?
 * @property {boolean} animations Does the browser support CSS animation events ?
 *
 * @description
 * This is very simple implementation of testing browser's features.
 */
function $SnifferProvider() {
  this.$get = ['$window', '$document', function($window, $document) {
    var eventSupport = {},
        android =
          int((/android (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent)) || [])[1]),
        boxee = /Boxee/i.test(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent),
        document = $document[0] || {},
        documentMode = document.documentMode,
        vendorPrefix,
        vendorRegex = /^(Moz|webkit|O|ms)(?=[A-Z])/,
        bodyStyle = document.body && document.body.style,
        transitions = false,
        animations = false,
        match;

    if (bodyStyle) {
      for(var prop in bodyStyle) {
        if(match = vendorRegex.exec(prop)) {
          vendorPrefix = match[0];
          vendorPrefix = vendorPrefix.substr(0, 1).toUpperCase() + vendorPrefix.substr(1);
          break;
        }
      }

      if(!vendorPrefix) {
        vendorPrefix = ('WebkitOpacity' in bodyStyle) && 'webkit';
      }

      transitions = !!(('transition' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Transition' in bodyStyle));
      animations  = !!(('animation' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Animation' in bodyStyle));

      if (android && (!transitions||!animations)) {
        transitions = isString(document.body.style.webkitTransition);
        animations = isString(document.body.style.webkitAnimation);
      }
    }


    return {
      // Android has history.pushState, but it does not update location correctly
      // so let's not use the history API at all.
      // http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=17471
      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/904

      // older webkit browser (533.9) on Boxee box has exactly the same problem as Android has
      // so let's not use the history API also
      // We are purposefully using `!(android < 4)` to cover the case when `android` is undefined
      // jshint -W018
      history: !!($window.history && $window.history.pushState && !(android < 4) && !boxee),
      // jshint +W018
      hashchange: 'onhashchange' in $window &&
                  // IE8 compatible mode lies
                  (!documentMode || documentMode > 7),
      hasEvent: function(event) {
        // IE9 implements 'input' event it's so fubared that we rather pretend that it doesn't have
        // it. In particular the event is not fired when backspace or delete key are pressed or
        // when cut operation is performed.
        if (event == 'input' && msie == 9) return false;

        if (isUndefined(eventSupport[event])) {
          var divElm = document.createElement('div');
          eventSupport[event] = 'on' + event in divElm;
        }

        return eventSupport[event];
      },
      csp: csp(),
      vendorPrefix: vendorPrefix,
      transitions : transitions,
      animations : animations,
      android: android,
      msie : msie,
      msieDocumentMode: documentMode
    };
  }];
}

function $TimeoutProvider() {
  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$q', '$exceptionHandler',
       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $q,   $exceptionHandler) {
    var deferreds = {};


     /**
      * @ngdoc service
      * @name $timeout
      *
      * @description
      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setTimeout`. The `fn` function is wrapped into a try/catch
      * block and delegates any exceptions to
      * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
      *
      * The return value of registering a timeout function is a promise, which will be resolved when
      * the timeout is reached and the timeout function is executed.
      *
      * To cancel a timeout request, call `$timeout.cancel(promise)`.
      *
      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$timeout `$timeout.flush()`} to
      * synchronously flush the queue of deferred functions.
      *
      * @param {function()} fn A function, whose execution should be delayed.
      * @param {number=} [delay=0] Delay in milliseconds.
      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
      * @returns {Promise} Promise that will be resolved when the timeout is reached. The value this
      *   promise will be resolved with is the return value of the `fn` function.
      *
      */
    function timeout(fn, delay, invokeApply) {
      var deferred = $q.defer(),
          promise = deferred.promise,
          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
          timeoutId;

      timeoutId = $browser.defer(function() {
        try {
          deferred.resolve(fn());
        } catch(e) {
          deferred.reject(e);
          $exceptionHandler(e);
        }
        finally {
          delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
        }

        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
      }, delay);

      promise.$$timeoutId = timeoutId;
      deferreds[timeoutId] = deferred;

      return promise;
    }


     /**
      * @ngdoc method
      * @name $timeout#cancel
      *
      * @description
      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`. As a result of this, the promise will be
      * resolved with a rejection.
      *
      * @param {Promise=} promise Promise returned by the `$timeout` function.
      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
      *   canceled.
      */
    timeout.cancel = function(promise) {
      if (promise && promise.$$timeoutId in deferreds) {
        deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId].reject('canceled');
        delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
        return $browser.defer.cancel(promise.$$timeoutId);
      }
      return false;
    };

    return timeout;
  }];
}

// NOTE:  The usage of window and document instead of $window and $document here is
// deliberate.  This service depends on the specific behavior of anchor nodes created by the
// browser (resolving and parsing URLs) that is unlikely to be provided by mock objects and
// cause us to break tests.  In addition, when the browser resolves a URL for XHR, it
// doesn't know about mocked locations and resolves URLs to the real document - which is
// exactly the behavior needed here.  There is little value is mocking these out for this
// service.
var urlParsingNode = document.createElement("a");
var originUrl = urlResolve(window.location.href, true);


/**
 *
 * Implementation Notes for non-IE browsers
 * ----------------------------------------
 * Assigning a URL to the href property of an anchor DOM node, even one attached to the DOM,
 * results both in the normalizing and parsing of the URL.  Normalizing means that a relative
 * URL will be resolved into an absolute URL in the context of the application document.
 * Parsing means that the anchor node's host, hostname, protocol, port, pathname and related
 * properties are all populated to reflect the normalized URL.  This approach has wide
 * compatibility - Safari 1+, Mozilla 1+, Opera 7+,e etc.  See
 * http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
 *
 * Implementation Notes for IE
 * ---------------------------
 * IE >= 8 and <= 10 normalizes the URL when assigned to the anchor node similar to the other
 * browsers.  However, the parsed components will not be set if the URL assigned did not specify
 * them.  (e.g. if you assign a.href = "foo", then a.protocol, a.host, etc. will be empty.)  We
 * work around that by performing the parsing in a 2nd step by taking a previously normalized
 * URL (e.g. by assigning to a.href) and assigning it a.href again.  This correctly populates the
 * properties such as protocol, hostname, port, etc.
 *
 * IE7 does not normalize the URL when assigned to an anchor node.  (Apparently, it does, if one
 * uses the inner HTML approach to assign the URL as part of an HTML snippet -
 * http://stackoverflow.com/a/472729)  However, setting img[src] does normalize the URL.
 * Unfortunately, setting img[src] to something like "javascript:foo" on IE throws an exception.
 * Since the primary usage for normalizing URLs is to sanitize such URLs, we can't use that
 * method and IE < 8 is unsupported.
 *
 * References:
 *   http://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLAnchorElement
 *   http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
 *   http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
 *   https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/2902
 *   http://james.padolsey.com/javascript/parsing-urls-with-the-dom/
 *
 * @kind function
 * @param {string} url The URL to be parsed.
 * @description Normalizes and parses a URL.
 * @returns {object} Returns the normalized URL as a dictionary.
 *
 *   | member name   | Description    |
 *   |---------------|----------------|
 *   | href          | A normalized version of the provided URL if it was not an absolute URL |
 *   | protocol      | The protocol including the trailing colon                              |
 *   | host          | The host and port (if the port is non-default) of the normalizedUrl    |
 *   | search        | The search params, minus the question mark                             |
 *   | hash          | The hash string, minus the hash symbol
 *   | hostname      | The hostname
 *   | port          | The port, without ":"
 *   | pathname      | The pathname, beginning with "/"
 *
 */
function urlResolve(url, base) {
  var href = url;

  if (msie) {
    // Normalize before parse.  Refer Implementation Notes on why this is
    // done in two steps on IE.
    urlParsingNode.setAttribute("href", href);
    href = urlParsingNode.href;
  }

  urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);

  // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
  return {
    href: urlParsingNode.href,
    protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',
    host: urlParsingNode.host,
    search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\?/, '') : '',
    hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',
    hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,
    port: urlParsingNode.port,
    pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/')
      ? urlParsingNode.pathname
      : '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname
  };
}

/**
 * Parse a request URL and determine whether this is a same-origin request as the application document.
 *
 * @param {string|object} requestUrl The url of the request as a string that will be resolved
 * or a parsed URL object.
 * @returns {boolean} Whether the request is for the same origin as the application document.
 */
function urlIsSameOrigin(requestUrl) {
  var parsed = (isString(requestUrl)) ? urlResolve(requestUrl) : requestUrl;
  return (parsed.protocol === originUrl.protocol &&
          parsed.host === originUrl.host);
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $window
 *
 * @description
 * A reference to the browser's `window` object. While `window`
 * is globally available in JavaScript, it causes testability problems, because
 * it is a global variable. In angular we always refer to it through the
 * `$window` service, so it may be overridden, removed or mocked for testing.
 *
 * Expressions, like the one defined for the `ngClick` directive in the example
 * below, are evaluated with respect to the current scope.  Therefore, there is
 * no risk of inadvertently coding in a dependency on a global value in such an
 * expression.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         function Ctrl($scope, $window) {
           $scope.greeting = 'Hello, World!';
           $scope.doGreeting = function(greeting) {
               $window.alert(greeting);
           };
         }
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
         <input type="text" ng-model="greeting" />
         <button ng-click="doGreeting(greeting)">ALERT</button>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      it('should display the greeting in the input box', function() {
       element(by.model('greeting')).sendKeys('Hello, E2E Tests');
       // If we click the button it will block the test runner
       // element(':button').click();
      });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
function $WindowProvider(){
  this.$get = valueFn(window);
}

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $filterProvider
 * @description
 *
 * Filters are just functions which transform input to an output. However filters need to be
 * Dependency Injected. To achieve this a filter definition consists of a factory function which is
 * annotated with dependencies and is responsible for creating a filter function.
 *
 * ```js
 *   // Filter registration
 *   function MyModule($provide, $filterProvider) {
 *     // create a service to demonstrate injection (not always needed)
 *     $provide.value('greet', function(name){
 *       return 'Hello ' + name + '!';
 *     });
 *
 *     // register a filter factory which uses the
 *     // greet service to demonstrate DI.
 *     $filterProvider.register('greet', function(greet){
 *       // return the filter function which uses the greet service
 *       // to generate salutation
 *       return function(text) {
 *         // filters need to be forgiving so check input validity
 *         return text && greet(text) || text;
 *       };
 *     });
 *   }
 * ```
 *
 * The filter function is registered with the `$injector` under the filter name suffix with
 * `Filter`.
 *
 * ```js
 *   it('should be the same instance', inject(
 *     function($filterProvider) {
 *       $filterProvider.register('reverse', function(){
 *         return ...;
 *       });
 *     },
 *     function($filter, reverseFilter) {
 *       expect($filter('reverse')).toBe(reverseFilter);
 *     });
 * ```
 *
 *
 * For more information about how angular filters work, and how to create your own filters, see
 * {@link guide/filter Filters} in the Angular Developer Guide.
 */
/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $filterProvider#register
 * @description
 * Register filter factory function.
 *
 * @param {String} name Name of the filter.
 * @param {Function} fn The filter factory function which is injectable.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $filter
 * @kind function
 * @description
 * Filters are used for formatting data displayed to the user.
 *
 * The general syntax in templates is as follows:
 *
 *         {{ expression [| filter_name[:parameter_value] ... ] }}
 *
 * @param {String} name Name of the filter function to retrieve
 * @return {Function} the filter function
 * @example
   <example name="$filter" module="filterExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="MainCtrl">
        <h3>{{ originalText }}</h3>
        <h3>{{ filteredText }}</h3>
       </div>
     </file>

     <file name="script.js">
      angular.module('filterExample', [])
      .controller('MainCtrl', function($scope, $filter) {
        $scope.originalText = 'hello';
        $scope.filteredText = $filter('uppercase')($scope.originalText);
      });
     </file>
   </example>
  */
$FilterProvider.$inject = ['$provide'];
function $FilterProvider($provide) {
  var suffix = 'Filter';

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $controllerProvider#register
   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the filter function, or an object map of filters where
   *    the keys are the filter names and the values are the filter factories.
   * @returns {Object} Registered filter instance, or if a map of filters was provided then a map
   *    of the registered filter instances.
   */
  function register(name, factory) {
    if(isObject(name)) {
      var filters = {};
      forEach(name, function(filter, key) {
        filters[key] = register(key, filter);
      });
      return filters;
    } else {
      return $provide.factory(name + suffix, factory);
    }
  }
  this.register = register;

  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
    return function(name) {
      return $injector.get(name + suffix);
    };
  }];

  ////////////////////////////////////////

  /* global
    currencyFilter: false,
    dateFilter: false,
    filterFilter: false,
    jsonFilter: false,
    limitToFilter: false,
    lowercaseFilter: false,
    numberFilter: false,
    orderByFilter: false,
    uppercaseFilter: false,
  */

  register('currency', currencyFilter);
  register('date', dateFilter);
  register('filter', filterFilter);
  register('json', jsonFilter);
  register('limitTo', limitToFilter);
  register('lowercase', lowercaseFilter);
  register('number', numberFilter);
  register('orderBy', orderByFilter);
  register('uppercase', uppercaseFilter);
}

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name filter
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Selects a subset of items from `array` and returns it as a new array.
 *
 * @param {Array} array The source array.
 * @param {string|Object|function()} expression The predicate to be used for selecting items from
 *   `array`.
 *
 *   Can be one of:
 *
 *   - `string`: The string is evaluated as an expression and the resulting value is used for substring match against
 *     the contents of the `array`. All strings or objects with string properties in `array` that contain this string
 *     will be returned. The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
 *
 *   - `Object`: A pattern object can be used to filter specific properties on objects contained
 *     by `array`. For example `{name:"M", phone:"1"}` predicate will return an array of items
 *     which have property `name` containing "M" and property `phone` containing "1". A special
 *     property name `$` can be used (as in `{$:"text"}`) to accept a match against any
 *     property of the object. That's equivalent to the simple substring match with a `string`
 *     as described above.
 *
 *   - `function(value)`: A predicate function can be used to write arbitrary filters. The function is
 *     called for each element of `array`. The final result is an array of those elements that
 *     the predicate returned true for.
 *
 * @param {function(actual, expected)|true|undefined} comparator Comparator which is used in
 *     determining if the expected value (from the filter expression) and actual value (from
 *     the object in the array) should be considered a match.
 *
 *   Can be one of:
 *
 *   - `function(actual, expected)`:
 *     The function will be given the object value and the predicate value to compare and
 *     should return true if the item should be included in filtered result.
 *
 *   - `true`: A shorthand for `function(actual, expected) { return angular.equals(expected, actual)}`.
 *     this is essentially strict comparison of expected and actual.
 *
 *   - `false|undefined`: A short hand for a function which will look for a substring match in case
 *     insensitive way.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-init="friends = [{name:'John', phone:'555-1276'},
                                {name:'Mary', phone:'800-BIG-MARY'},
                                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321'},
                                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678'},
                                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765'},
                                {name:'Juliette', phone:'555-5678'}]"></div>

       Search: <input ng-model="searchText">
       <table id="searchTextResults">
         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
         <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:searchText">
           <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
           <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
         </tr>
       </table>
       <hr>
       Any: <input ng-model="search.$"> <br>
       Name only <input ng-model="search.name"><br>
       Phone only <input ng-model="search.phone"><br>
       Equality <input type="checkbox" ng-model="strict"><br>
       <table id="searchObjResults">
         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
         <tr ng-repeat="friendObj in friends | filter:search:strict">
           <td>{{friendObj.name}}</td>
           <td>{{friendObj.phone}}</td>
         </tr>
       </table>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       var expectFriendNames = function(expectedNames, key) {
         element.all(by.repeater(key + ' in friends').column(key + '.name')).then(function(arr) {
           arr.forEach(function(wd, i) {
             expect(wd.getText()).toMatch(expectedNames[i]);
           });
         });
       };

       it('should search across all fields when filtering with a string', function() {
         var searchText = element(by.model('searchText'));
         searchText.clear();
         searchText.sendKeys('m');
         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Adam'], 'friend');

         searchText.clear();
         searchText.sendKeys('76');
         expectFriendNames(['John', 'Julie'], 'friend');
       });

       it('should search in specific fields when filtering with a predicate object', function() {
         var searchAny = element(by.model('search.$'));
         searchAny.clear();
         searchAny.sendKeys('i');
         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Julie', 'Juliette'], 'friendObj');
       });
       it('should use a equal comparison when comparator is true', function() {
         var searchName = element(by.model('search.name'));
         var strict = element(by.model('strict'));
         searchName.clear();
         searchName.sendKeys('Julie');
         strict.click();
         expectFriendNames(['Julie'], 'friendObj');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
function filterFilter() {
  return function(array, expression, comparator) {
    if (!isArray(array)) return array;

    var comparatorType = typeof(comparator),
        predicates = [];

    predicates.check = function(value) {
      for (var j = 0; j < predicates.length; j++) {
        if(!predicates[j](value)) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    };

    if (comparatorType !== 'function') {
      if (comparatorType === 'boolean' && comparator) {
        comparator = function(obj, text) {
          return angular.equals(obj, text);
        };
      } else {
        comparator = function(obj, text) {
          if (obj && text && typeof obj === 'object' && typeof text === 'object') {
            for (var objKey in obj) {
              if (objKey.charAt(0) !== '$' && hasOwnProperty.call(obj, objKey) &&
                  comparator(obj[objKey], text[objKey])) {
                return true;
              }
            }
            return false;
          }
          text = (''+text).toLowerCase();
          return (''+obj).toLowerCase().indexOf(text) > -1;
        };
      }
    }

    var search = function(obj, text){
      if (typeof text == 'string' && text.charAt(0) === '!') {
        return !search(obj, text.substr(1));
      }
      switch (typeof obj) {
        case "boolean":
        case "number":
        case "string":
          return comparator(obj, text);
        case "object":
          switch (typeof text) {
            case "object":
              return comparator(obj, text);
            default:
              for ( var objKey in obj) {
                if (objKey.charAt(0) !== '$' && search(obj[objKey], text)) {
                  return true;
                }
              }
              break;
          }
          return false;
        case "array":
          for ( var i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {
            if (search(obj[i], text)) {
              return true;
            }
          }
          return false;
        default:
          return false;
      }
    };
    switch (typeof expression) {
      case "boolean":
      case "number":
      case "string":
        // Set up expression object and fall through
        expression = {$:expression};
        // jshint -W086
      case "object":
        // jshint +W086
        for (var key in expression) {
          (function(path) {
            if (typeof expression[path] === 'undefined') return;
            predicates.push(function(value) {
              return search(path == '$' ? value : (value && value[path]), expression[path]);
            });
          })(key);
        }
        break;
      case 'function':
        predicates.push(expression);
        break;
      default:
        return array;
    }
    var filtered = [];
    for ( var j = 0; j < array.length; j++) {
      var value = array[j];
      if (predicates.check(value)) {
        filtered.push(value);
      }
    }
    return filtered;
  };
}

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name currency
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Formats a number as a currency (ie $1,234.56). When no currency symbol is provided, default
 * symbol for current locale is used.
 *
 * @param {number} amount Input to filter.
 * @param {string=} symbol Currency symbol or identifier to be displayed.
 * @returns {string} Formatted number.
 *
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         function Ctrl($scope) {
           $scope.amount = 1234.56;
         }
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
         <input type="number" ng-model="amount"> <br>
         default currency symbol ($): <span id="currency-default">{{amount | currency}}</span><br>
         custom currency identifier (USD$): <span>{{amount | currency:"USD$"}}</span>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should init with 1234.56', function() {
         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('$1,234.56');
         expect(element(by.binding('amount | currency:"USD$"')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,234.56');
       });
       it('should update', function() {
         if (browser.params.browser == 'safari') {
           // Safari does not understand the minus key. See
           // https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/481
           return;
         }
         element(by.model('amount')).clear();
         element(by.model('amount')).sendKeys('-1234');
         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('($1,234.00)');
         expect(element(by.binding('amount | currency:"USD$"')).getText()).toBe('(USD$1,234.00)');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
currencyFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
function currencyFilter($locale) {
  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
  return function(amount, currencySymbol){
    if (isUndefined(currencySymbol)) currencySymbol = formats.CURRENCY_SYM;
    return formatNumber(amount, formats.PATTERNS[1], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP, 2).
                replace(/\u00A4/g, currencySymbol);
  };
}

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name number
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Formats a number as text.
 *
 * If the input is not a number an empty string is returned.
 *
 * @param {number|string} number Number to format.
 * @param {(number|string)=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the number to.
 * If this is not provided then the fraction size is computed from the current locale's number
 * formatting pattern. In the case of the default locale, it will be 3.
 * @returns {string} Number rounded to decimalPlaces and places a “,” after each third digit.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         function Ctrl($scope) {
           $scope.val = 1234.56789;
         }
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
         Enter number: <input ng-model='val'><br>
         Default formatting: <span id='number-default'>{{val | number}}</span><br>
         No fractions: <span>{{val | number:0}}</span><br>
         Negative number: <span>{{-val | number:4}}</span>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should format numbers', function() {
         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('1,234.568');
         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('1,235');
         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-1,234.5679');
       });

       it('should update', function() {
         element(by.model('val')).clear();
         element(by.model('val')).sendKeys('3374.333');
         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('3,374.333');
         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('3,374');
         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-3,374.3330');
      });
     </file>
   </example>
 */


numberFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
function numberFilter($locale) {
  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
  return function(number, fractionSize) {
    return formatNumber(number, formats.PATTERNS[0], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP,
      fractionSize);
  };
}

var DECIMAL_SEP = '.';
function formatNumber(number, pattern, groupSep, decimalSep, fractionSize) {
  if (number == null || !isFinite(number) || isObject(number)) return '';

  var isNegative = number < 0;
  number = Math.abs(number);
  var numStr = number + '',
      formatedText = '',
      parts = [];

  var hasExponent = false;
  if (numStr.indexOf('e') !== -1) {
    var match = numStr.match(/([\d\.]+)e(-?)(\d+)/);
    if (match && match[2] == '-' && match[3] > fractionSize + 1) {
      numStr = '0';
      number = 0;
    } else {
      formatedText = numStr;
      hasExponent = true;
    }
  }

  if (!hasExponent) {
    var fractionLen = (numStr.split(DECIMAL_SEP)[1] || '').length;

    // determine fractionSize if it is not specified
    if (isUndefined(fractionSize)) {
      fractionSize = Math.min(Math.max(pattern.minFrac, fractionLen), pattern.maxFrac);
    }

    // safely round numbers in JS without hitting imprecisions of floating-point arithmetics
    // inspired by:
    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/round
    number = +(Math.round(+(number.toString() + 'e' + fractionSize)).toString() + 'e' + -fractionSize);

    var fraction = ('' + number).split(DECIMAL_SEP);
    var whole = fraction[0];
    fraction = fraction[1] || '';

    var i, pos = 0,
        lgroup = pattern.lgSize,
        group = pattern.gSize;

    if (whole.length >= (lgroup + group)) {
      pos = whole.length - lgroup;
      for (i = 0; i < pos; i++) {
        if ((pos - i)%group === 0 && i !== 0) {
          formatedText += groupSep;
        }
        formatedText += whole.charAt(i);
      }
    }

    for (i = pos; i < whole.length; i++) {
      if ((whole.length - i)%lgroup === 0 && i !== 0) {
        formatedText += groupSep;
      }
      formatedText += whole.charAt(i);
    }

    // format fraction part.
    while(fraction.length < fractionSize) {
      fraction += '0';
    }

    if (fractionSize && fractionSize !== "0") formatedText += decimalSep + fraction.substr(0, fractionSize);
  } else {

    if (fractionSize > 0 && number > -1 && number < 1) {
      formatedText = number.toFixed(fractionSize);
    }
  }

  parts.push(isNegative ? pattern.negPre : pattern.posPre);
  parts.push(formatedText);
  parts.push(isNegative ? pattern.negSuf : pattern.posSuf);
  return parts.join('');
}

function padNumber(num, digits, trim) {
  var neg = '';
  if (num < 0) {
    neg =  '-';
    num = -num;
  }
  num = '' + num;
  while(num.length < digits) num = '0' + num;
  if (trim)
    num = num.substr(num.length - digits);
  return neg + num;
}


function dateGetter(name, size, offset, trim) {
  offset = offset || 0;
  return function(date) {
    var value = date['get' + name]();
    if (offset > 0 || value > -offset)
      value += offset;
    if (value === 0 && offset == -12 ) value = 12;
    return padNumber(value, size, trim);
  };
}

function dateStrGetter(name, shortForm) {
  return function(date, formats) {
    var value = date['get' + name]();
    var get = uppercase(shortForm ? ('SHORT' + name) : name);

    return formats[get][value];
  };
}

function timeZoneGetter(date) {
  var zone = -1 * date.getTimezoneOffset();
  var paddedZone = (zone >= 0) ? "+" : "";

  paddedZone += padNumber(Math[zone > 0 ? 'floor' : 'ceil'](zone / 60), 2) +
                padNumber(Math.abs(zone % 60), 2);

  return paddedZone;
}

function ampmGetter(date, formats) {
  return date.getHours() < 12 ? formats.AMPMS[0] : formats.AMPMS[1];
}

var DATE_FORMATS = {
  yyyy: dateGetter('FullYear', 4),
    yy: dateGetter('FullYear', 2, 0, true),
     y: dateGetter('FullYear', 1),
  MMMM: dateStrGetter('Month'),
   MMM: dateStrGetter('Month', true),
    MM: dateGetter('Month', 2, 1),
     M: dateGetter('Month', 1, 1),
    dd: dateGetter('Date', 2),
     d: dateGetter('Date', 1),
    HH: dateGetter('Hours', 2),
     H: dateGetter('Hours', 1),
    hh: dateGetter('Hours', 2, -12),
     h: dateGetter('Hours', 1, -12),
    mm: dateGetter('Minutes', 2),
     m: dateGetter('Minutes', 1),
    ss: dateGetter('Seconds', 2),
     s: dateGetter('Seconds', 1),
     // while ISO 8601 requires fractions to be prefixed with `.` or `,`
     // we can be just safely rely on using `sss` since we currently don't support single or two digit fractions
   sss: dateGetter('Milliseconds', 3),
  EEEE: dateStrGetter('Day'),
   EEE: dateStrGetter('Day', true),
     a: ampmGetter,
     Z: timeZoneGetter
};

var DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT = /((?:[^yMdHhmsaZE']+)|(?:'(?:[^']|'')*')|(?:E+|y+|M+|d+|H+|h+|m+|s+|a|Z))(.*)/,
    NUMBER_STRING = /^\-?\d+$/;

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name date
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *   Formats `date` to a string based on the requested `format`.
 *
 *   `format` string can be composed of the following elements:
 *
 *   * `'yyyy'`: 4 digit representation of year (e.g. AD 1 => 0001, AD 2010 => 2010)
 *   * `'yy'`: 2 digit representation of year, padded (00-99). (e.g. AD 2001 => 01, AD 2010 => 10)
 *   * `'y'`: 1 digit representation of year, e.g. (AD 1 => 1, AD 199 => 199)
 *   * `'MMMM'`: Month in year (January-December)
 *   * `'MMM'`: Month in year (Jan-Dec)
 *   * `'MM'`: Month in year, padded (01-12)
 *   * `'M'`: Month in year (1-12)
 *   * `'dd'`: Day in month, padded (01-31)
 *   * `'d'`: Day in month (1-31)
 *   * `'EEEE'`: Day in Week,(Sunday-Saturday)
 *   * `'EEE'`: Day in Week, (Sun-Sat)
 *   * `'HH'`: Hour in day, padded (00-23)
 *   * `'H'`: Hour in day (0-23)
 *   * `'hh'`: Hour in am/pm, padded (01-12)
 *   * `'h'`: Hour in am/pm, (1-12)
 *   * `'mm'`: Minute in hour, padded (00-59)
 *   * `'m'`: Minute in hour (0-59)
 *   * `'ss'`: Second in minute, padded (00-59)
 *   * `'s'`: Second in minute (0-59)
 *   * `'.sss' or ',sss'`: Millisecond in second, padded (000-999)
 *   * `'a'`: am/pm marker
 *   * `'Z'`: 4 digit (+sign) representation of the timezone offset (-1200-+1200)
 *
 *   `format` string can also be one of the following predefined
 *   {@link guide/i18n localizable formats}:
 *
 *   * `'medium'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale
 *     (e.g. Sep 3, 2010 12:05:08 pm)
 *   * `'short'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy h:mm a'` for en_US  locale (e.g. 9/3/10 12:05 pm)
 *   * `'fullDate'`: equivalent to `'EEEE, MMMM d,y'` for en_US  locale
 *     (e.g. Friday, September 3, 2010)
 *   * `'longDate'`: equivalent to `'MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. September 3, 2010)
 *   * `'mediumDate'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. Sep 3, 2010)
 *   * `'shortDate'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy'` for en_US locale (e.g. 9/3/10)
 *   * `'mediumTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05:08 pm)
 *   * `'shortTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05 pm)
 *
 *   `format` string can contain literal values. These need to be quoted with single quotes (e.g.
 *   `"h 'in the morning'"`). In order to output single quote, use two single quotes in a sequence
 *   (e.g. `"h 'o''clock'"`).
 *
 * @param {(Date|number|string)} date Date to format either as Date object, milliseconds (string or
 *    number) or various ISO 8601 datetime string formats (e.g. yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.SSSZ and its
 *    shorter versions like yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mmZ, yyyy-MM-dd or yyyyMMddTHHmmssZ). If no timezone is
 *    specified in the string input, the time is considered to be in the local timezone.
 * @param {string=} format Formatting rules (see Description). If not specified,
 *    `mediumDate` is used.
 * @returns {string} Formatted string or the input if input is not recognized as date/millis.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span>:
           <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span><br>
       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span>:
          <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span><br>
       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span>:
          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span><br>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should format date', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'medium'")).getText()).
            toMatch(/Oct 2\d, 2010 \d{1,2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (AM|PM)/);
         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'")).getText()).
            toMatch(/2010\-10\-2\d \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (\-|\+)?\d{4}/);
         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'")).getText()).
            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 @ \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
dateFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
function dateFilter($locale) {


  var R_ISO8601_STR = /^(\d{4})-?(\d\d)-?(\d\d)(?:T(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?:\.(\d+))?)?)?(Z|([+-])(\d\d):?(\d\d))?)?$/;
                     // 1        2       3         4          5          6          7          8  9     10      11
  function jsonStringToDate(string) {
    var match;
    if (match = string.match(R_ISO8601_STR)) {
      var date = new Date(0),
          tzHour = 0,
          tzMin  = 0,
          dateSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCFullYear : date.setFullYear,
          timeSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCHours : date.setHours;

      if (match[9]) {
        tzHour = int(match[9] + match[10]);
        tzMin = int(match[9] + match[11]);
      }
      dateSetter.call(date, int(match[1]), int(match[2]) - 1, int(match[3]));
      var h = int(match[4]||0) - tzHour;
      var m = int(match[5]||0) - tzMin;
      var s = int(match[6]||0);
      var ms = Math.round(parseFloat('0.' + (match[7]||0)) * 1000);
      timeSetter.call(date, h, m, s, ms);
      return date;
    }
    return string;
  }


  return function(date, format) {
    var text = '',
        parts = [],
        fn, match;

    format = format || 'mediumDate';
    format = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS[format] || format;
    if (isString(date)) {
      if (NUMBER_STRING.test(date)) {
        date = int(date);
      } else {
        date = jsonStringToDate(date);
      }
    }

    if (isNumber(date)) {
      date = new Date(date);
    }

    if (!isDate(date)) {
      return date;
    }

    while(format) {
      match = DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT.exec(format);
      if (match) {
        parts = concat(parts, match, 1);
        format = parts.pop();
      } else {
        parts.push(format);
        format = null;
      }
    }

    forEach(parts, function(value){
      fn = DATE_FORMATS[value];
      text += fn ? fn(date, $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS)
                 : value.replace(/(^'|'$)/g, '').replace(/''/g, "'");
    });

    return text;
  };
}


/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name json
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *   Allows you to convert a JavaScript object into JSON string.
 *
 *   This filter is mostly useful for debugging. When using the double curly {{value}} notation
 *   the binding is automatically converted to JSON.
 *
 * @param {*} object Any JavaScript object (including arrays and primitive types) to filter.
 * @returns {string} JSON string.
 *
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <pre>{{ {'name':'value'} | json }}</pre>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should jsonify filtered objects', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding("{'name':'value'}")).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n  "name": ?"value"\n}/);
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 *
 */
function jsonFilter() {
  return function(object) {
    return toJson(object, true);
  };
}


/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name lowercase
 * @kind function
 * @description
 * Converts string to lowercase.
 * @see angular.lowercase
 */
var lowercaseFilter = valueFn(lowercase);


/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name uppercase
 * @kind function
 * @description
 * Converts string to uppercase.
 * @see angular.uppercase
 */
var uppercaseFilter = valueFn(uppercase);

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name limitTo
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Creates a new array or string containing only a specified number of elements. The elements
 * are taken from either the beginning or the end of the source array or string, as specified by
 * the value and sign (positive or negative) of `limit`.
 *
 * @param {Array|string} input Source array or string to be limited.
 * @param {string|number} limit The length of the returned array or string. If the `limit` number
 *     is positive, `limit` number of items from the beginning of the source array/string are copied.
 *     If the number is negative, `limit` number  of items from the end of the source array/string
 *     are copied. The `limit` will be trimmed if it exceeds `array.length`
 * @returns {Array|string} A new sub-array or substring of length `limit` or less if input array
 *     had less than `limit` elements.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         function Ctrl($scope) {
           $scope.numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
           $scope.letters = "abcdefghi";
           $scope.numLimit = 3;
           $scope.letterLimit = 3;
         }
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
         Limit {{numbers}} to: <input type="integer" ng-model="numLimit">
         <p>Output numbers: {{ numbers | limitTo:numLimit }}</p>
         Limit {{letters}} to: <input type="integer" ng-model="letterLimit">
         <p>Output letters: {{ letters | limitTo:letterLimit }}</p>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       var numLimitInput = element(by.model('numLimit'));
       var letterLimitInput = element(by.model('letterLimit'));
       var limitedNumbers = element(by.binding('numbers | limitTo:numLimit'));
       var limitedLetters = element(by.binding('letters | limitTo:letterLimit'));

       it('should limit the number array to first three items', function() {
         expect(numLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
         expect(letterLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3]');
         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abc');
       });

       it('should update the output when -3 is entered', function() {
         numLimitInput.clear();
         numLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
         letterLimitInput.clear();
         letterLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [7,8,9]');
         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: ghi');
       });

       it('should not exceed the maximum size of input array', function() {
         numLimitInput.clear();
         numLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
         letterLimitInput.clear();
         letterLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abcdefghi');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
function limitToFilter(){
  return function(input, limit) {
    if (!isArray(input) && !isString(input)) return input;

    if (Math.abs(Number(limit)) === Infinity) {
      limit = Number(limit);
    } else {
      limit = int(limit);
    }

    if (isString(input)) {
      //NaN check on limit
      if (limit) {
        return limit >= 0 ? input.slice(0, limit) : input.slice(limit, input.length);
      } else {
        return "";
      }
    }

    var out = [],
      i, n;

    // if abs(limit) exceeds maximum length, trim it
    if (limit > input.length)
      limit = input.length;
    else if (limit < -input.length)
      limit = -input.length;

    if (limit > 0) {
      i = 0;
      n = limit;
    } else {
      i = input.length + limit;
      n = input.length;
    }

    for (; i<n; i++) {
      out.push(input[i]);
    }

    return out;
  };
}

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name orderBy
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Orders a specified `array` by the `expression` predicate. It is ordered alphabetically
 * for strings and numerically for numbers. Note: if you notice numbers are not being sorted
 * correctly, make sure they are actually being saved as numbers and not strings.
 *
 * @param {Array} array The array to sort.
 * @param {function(*)|string|Array.<(function(*)|string)>} expression A predicate to be
 *    used by the comparator to determine the order of elements.
 *
 *    Can be one of:
 *
 *    - `function`: Getter function. The result of this function will be sorted using the
 *      `<`, `=`, `>` operator.
 *    - `string`: An Angular expression which evaluates to an object to order by, such as 'name'
 *      to sort by a property called 'name'. Optionally prefixed with `+` or `-` to control
 *      ascending or descending sort order (for example, +name or -name).
 *    - `Array`: An array of function or string predicates. The first predicate in the array
 *      is used for sorting, but when two items are equivalent, the next predicate is used.
 *
 * @param {boolean=} reverse Reverse the order of the array.
 * @returns {Array} Sorted copy of the source array.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         function Ctrl($scope) {
           $scope.friends =
               [{name:'John', phone:'555-1212', age:10},
                {name:'Mary', phone:'555-9876', age:19},
                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321', age:21},
                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678', age:35},
                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765', age:29}]
           $scope.predicate = '-age';
         }
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
         <pre>Sorting predicate = {{predicate}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
         <hr/>
         [ <a href="" ng-click="predicate=''">unsorted</a> ]
         <table class="friend">
           <tr>
             <th><a href="" ng-click="predicate = 'name'; reverse=false">Name</a>
                 (<a href="" ng-click="predicate = '-name'; reverse=false">^</a>)</th>
             <th><a href="" ng-click="predicate = 'phone'; reverse=!reverse">Phone Number</a></th>
             <th><a href="" ng-click="predicate = 'age'; reverse=!reverse">Age</a></th>
           </tr>
           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:predicate:reverse">
             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
           </tr>
         </table>
       </div>
     </file>
   </example>
 *
 * It's also possible to call the orderBy filter manually, by injecting `$filter`, retrieving the
 * filter routine with `$filter('orderBy')`, and calling the returned filter routine with the
 * desired parameters.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 * @example
  <example>
    <file name="index.html">
      <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
        <table class="friend">
          <tr>
            <th><a href="" ng-click="reverse=false;order('name', false)">Name</a>
              (<a href="" ng-click="order('-name',false)">^</a>)</th>
            <th><a href="" ng-click="reverse=!reverse;order('phone', reverse)">Phone Number</a></th>
            <th><a href="" ng-click="reverse=!reverse;order('age',reverse)">Age</a></th>
          </tr>
          <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends">
            <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
            <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
            <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
    </file>

    <file name="script.js">
      function Ctrl($scope, $filter) {
        var orderBy = $filter('orderBy');
        $scope.friends = [
          { name: 'John',    phone: '555-1212',    age: 10 },
          { name: 'Mary',    phone: '555-9876',    age: 19 },
          { name: 'Mike',    phone: '555-4321',    age: 21 },
          { name: 'Adam',    phone: '555-5678',    age: 35 },
          { name: 'Julie',   phone: '555-8765',    age: 29 }
        ];

        $scope.order = function(predicate, reverse) {
          $scope.friends = orderBy($scope.friends, predicate, reverse);
        };
        $scope.order('-age',false);
      }
    </file>
</example>
 */
orderByFilter.$inject = ['$parse'];
function orderByFilter($parse){
  return function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder) {
    if (!isArray(array)) return array;
    if (!sortPredicate) return array;
    sortPredicate = isArray(sortPredicate) ? sortPredicate: [sortPredicate];
    sortPredicate = map(sortPredicate, function(predicate){
      var descending = false, get = predicate || identity;
      if (isString(predicate)) {
        if ((predicate.charAt(0) == '+' || predicate.charAt(0) == '-')) {
          descending = predicate.charAt(0) == '-';
          predicate = predicate.substring(1);
        }
        get = $parse(predicate);
        if (get.constant) {
          var key = get();
          return reverseComparator(function(a,b) {
            return compare(a[key], b[key]);
          }, descending);
        }
      }
      return reverseComparator(function(a,b){
        return compare(get(a),get(b));
      }, descending);
    });
    var arrayCopy = [];
    for ( var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { arrayCopy.push(array[i]); }
    return arrayCopy.sort(reverseComparator(comparator, reverseOrder));

    function comparator(o1, o2){
      for ( var i = 0; i < sortPredicate.length; i++) {
        var comp = sortPredicate[i](o1, o2);
        if (comp !== 0) return comp;
      }
      return 0;
    }
    function reverseComparator(comp, descending) {
      return toBoolean(descending)
          ? function(a,b){return comp(b,a);}
          : comp;
    }
    function compare(v1, v2){
      var t1 = typeof v1;
      var t2 = typeof v2;
      if (t1 == t2) {
        if (t1 == "string") {
           v1 = v1.toLowerCase();
           v2 = v2.toLowerCase();
        }
        if (v1 === v2) return 0;
        return v1 < v2 ? -1 : 1;
      } else {
        return t1 < t2 ? -1 : 1;
      }
    }
  };
}

function ngDirective(directive) {
  if (isFunction(directive)) {
    directive = {
      link: directive
    };
  }
  directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'AC';
  return valueFn(directive);
}

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name a
 * @restrict E
 *
 * @description
 * Modifies the default behavior of the html A tag so that the default action is prevented when
 * the href attribute is empty.
 *
 * This change permits the easy creation of action links with the `ngClick` directive
 * without changing the location or causing page reloads, e.g.:
 * `<a href="" ng-click="list.addItem()">Add Item</a>`
 */
var htmlAnchorDirective = valueFn({
  restrict: 'E',
  compile: function(element, attr) {

    if (msie <= 8) {

      // turn <a href ng-click="..">link</a> into a stylable link in IE
      // but only if it doesn't have name attribute, in which case it's an anchor
      if (!attr.href && !attr.name) {
        attr.$set('href', '');
      }

      // add a comment node to anchors to workaround IE bug that causes element content to be reset
      // to new attribute content if attribute is updated with value containing @ and element also
      // contains value with @
      // see issue #1949
      element.append(document.createComment('IE fix'));
    }

    if (!attr.href && !attr.xlinkHref && !attr.name) {
      return function(scope, element) {
        // SVGAElement does not use the href attribute, but rather the 'xlinkHref' attribute.
        var href = toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]' ?
                   'xlink:href' : 'href';
        element.on('click', function(event){
          // if we have no href url, then don't navigate anywhere.
          if (!element.attr(href)) {
            event.preventDefault();
          }
        });
      };
    }
  }
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngHref
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 99
 *
 * @description
 * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in an href attribute will
 * make the link go to the wrong URL if the user clicks it before
 * Angular has a chance to replace the `{{hash}}` markup with its
 * value. Until Angular replaces the markup the link will be broken
 * and will most likely return a 404 error.
 *
 * The `ngHref` directive solves this problem.
 *
 * The wrong way to write it:
 * ```html
 * <a href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
 * ```
 *
 * The correct way to write it:
 * ```html
 * <a ng-href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
 * ```
 *
 * @element A
 * @param {template} ngHref any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
 *
 * @example
 * This example shows various combinations of `href`, `ng-href` and `ng-click` attributes
 * in links and their different behaviors:
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        <input ng-model="value" /><br />
        <a id="link-1" href ng-click="value = 1">link 1</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
        <a id="link-2" href="" ng-click="value = 2">link 2</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
        <a id="link-3" ng-href="/{{'123'}}">link 3</a> (link, reload!)<br />
        <a id="link-4" href="" name="xx" ng-click="value = 4">anchor</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
        <a id="link-5" name="xxx" ng-click="value = 5">anchor</a> (no link)<br />
        <a id="link-6" ng-href="{{value}}">link</a> (link, change location)
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href without value', function() {
          element(by.id('link-1')).click();
          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('1');
          expect(element(by.id('link-1')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
        });

        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string', function() {
          element(by.id('link-2')).click();
          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('2');
          expect(element(by.id('link-2')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
        });

        it('should execute ng-click and change url when ng-href specified', function() {
          expect(element(by.id('link-3')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/123$/);

          element(by.id('link-3')).click();

          // At this point, we navigate away from an Angular page, so we need
          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.

          browser.wait(function() {
            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
              return url.match(/\/123$/);
            });
          }, 1000, 'page should navigate to /123');
        });

        xit('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string and name specified', function() {
          element(by.id('link-4')).click();
          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('4');
          expect(element(by.id('link-4')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
        });

        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when no href but name specified', function() {
          element(by.id('link-5')).click();
          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('5');
          expect(element(by.id('link-5')).getAttribute('href')).toBe(null);
        });

        it('should only change url when only ng-href', function() {
          element(by.model('value')).clear();
          element(by.model('value')).sendKeys('6');
          expect(element(by.id('link-6')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/6$/);

          element(by.id('link-6')).click();

          // At this point, we navigate away from an Angular page, so we need
          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
          browser.wait(function() {
            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
              return url.match(/\/6$/);
            });
          }, 1000, 'page should navigate to /6');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngSrc
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 99
 *
 * @description
 * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `src` attribute doesn't
 * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
 * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
 * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrc` directive solves this problem.
 *
 * The buggy way to write it:
 * ```html
 * <img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
 * ```
 *
 * The correct way to write it:
 * ```html
 * <img ng-src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
 * ```
 *
 * @element IMG
 * @param {template} ngSrc any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngSrcset
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 99
 *
 * @description
 * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `srcset` attribute doesn't
 * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
 * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
 * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrcset` directive solves this problem.
 *
 * The buggy way to write it:
 * ```html
 * <img srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x"/>
 * ```
 *
 * The correct way to write it:
 * ```html
 * <img ng-srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x"/>
 * ```
 *
 * @element IMG
 * @param {template} ngSrcset any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngDisabled
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 100
 *
 * @description
 *
 * The following markup will make the button enabled on Chrome/Firefox but not on IE8 and older IEs:
 * ```html
 * <div ng-init="scope = { isDisabled: false }">
 *  <button disabled="{{scope.isDisabled}}">Disabled</button>
 * </div>
 * ```
 *
 * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
 * such as disabled. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
 * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
 * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
 * The `ngDisabled` directive solves this problem for the `disabled` attribute.
 * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
 * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
 *
 * @example
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        Click me to toggle: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
        <button ng-model="button" ng-disabled="checked">Button</button>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should toggle button', function() {
          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeFalsy();
          element(by.model('checked')).click();
          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeTruthy();
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 *
 * @element INPUT
 * @param {expression} ngDisabled If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
 *     then special attribute "disabled" will be set on the element
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngChecked
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 100
 *
 * @description
 * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
 * such as checked. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
 * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
 * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
 * The `ngChecked` directive solves this problem for the `checked` attribute.
 * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
 * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
 * @example
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        Check me to check both: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="master"><br/>
        <input id="checkSlave" type="checkbox" ng-checked="master">
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should check both checkBoxes', function() {
          expect(element(by.id('checkSlave')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeFalsy();
          element(by.model('master')).click();
          expect(element(by.id('checkSlave')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeTruthy();
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 *
 * @element INPUT
 * @param {expression} ngChecked If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
 *     then special attribute "checked" will be set on the element
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngReadonly
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 100
 *
 * @description
 * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
 * such as readonly. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
 * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
 * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
 * The `ngReadonly` directive solves this problem for the `readonly` attribute.
 * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
 * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
 * @example
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        Check me to make text readonly: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
        <input type="text" ng-readonly="checked" value="I'm Angular"/>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should toggle readonly attr', function() {
          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeFalsy();
          element(by.model('checked')).click();
          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeTruthy();
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 *
 * @element INPUT
 * @param {expression} ngReadonly If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
 *     then special attribute "readonly" will be set on the element
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngSelected
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 100
 *
 * @description
 * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
 * such as selected. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
 * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
 * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
 * The `ngSelected` directive solves this problem for the `selected` attribute.
 * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
 * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
 *
 * @example
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        Check me to select: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="selected"><br/>
        <select>
          <option>Hello!</option>
          <option id="greet" ng-selected="selected">Greetings!</option>
        </select>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should select Greetings!', function() {
          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeFalsy();
          element(by.model('selected')).click();
          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeTruthy();
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 *
 * @element OPTION
 * @param {expression} ngSelected If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
 *     then special attribute "selected" will be set on the element
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngOpen
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 100
 *
 * @description
 * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
 * such as open. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
 * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
 * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
 * The `ngOpen` directive solves this problem for the `open` attribute.
 * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
 * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
 * @example
     <example>
       <file name="index.html">
         Check me check multiple: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="open"><br/>
         <details id="details" ng-open="open">
            <summary>Show/Hide me</summary>
         </details>
       </file>
       <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
         it('should toggle open', function() {
           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeFalsy();
           element(by.model('open')).click();
           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeTruthy();
         });
       </file>
     </example>
 *
 * @element DETAILS
 * @param {expression} ngOpen If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
 *     then special attribute "open" will be set on the element
 */

var ngAttributeAliasDirectives = {};


// boolean attrs are evaluated
forEach(BOOLEAN_ATTR, function(propName, attrName) {
  // binding to multiple is not supported
  if (propName == "multiple") return;

  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
    return {
      priority: 100,
      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
        scope.$watch(attr[normalized], function ngBooleanAttrWatchAction(value) {
          attr.$set(attrName, !!value);
        });
      }
    };
  };
});


// ng-src, ng-srcset, ng-href are interpolated
forEach(['src', 'srcset', 'href'], function(attrName) {
  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
    return {
      priority: 99, // it needs to run after the attributes are interpolated
      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
        var propName = attrName,
            name = attrName;

        if (attrName === 'href' &&
            toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
          name = 'xlinkHref';
          attr.$attr[name] = 'xlink:href';
          propName = null;
        }

        attr.$observe(normalized, function(value) {
          if (!value)
             return;

          attr.$set(name, value);

          // on IE, if "ng:src" directive declaration is used and "src" attribute doesn't exist
          // then calling element.setAttribute('src', 'foo') doesn't do anything, so we need
          // to set the property as well to achieve the desired effect.
          // we use attr[attrName] value since $set can sanitize the url.
          if (msie && propName) element.prop(propName, attr[name]);
        });
      }
    };
  };
});

/* global -nullFormCtrl */
var nullFormCtrl = {
  $addControl: noop,
  $removeControl: noop,
  $setValidity: noop,
  $setDirty: noop,
  $setPristine: noop
};

/**
 * @ngdoc type
 * @name form.FormController
 *
 * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the form yet.
 * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the form.
 * @property {boolean} $valid True if all of the containing forms and controls are valid.
 * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one containing control or form is invalid.
 *
 * @property {Object} $error Is an object hash, containing references to all invalid controls or
 *  forms, where:
 *
 *  - keys are validation tokens (error names),
 *  - values are arrays of controls or forms that are invalid for given error name.
 *
 *
 *  Built-in validation tokens:
 *
 *  - `email`
 *  - `max`
 *  - `maxlength`
 *  - `min`
 *  - `minlength`
 *  - `number`
 *  - `pattern`
 *  - `required`
 *  - `url`
 *
 * @description
 * `FormController` keeps track of all its controls and nested forms as well as the state of them,
 * such as being valid/invalid or dirty/pristine.
 *
 * Each {@link ng.directive:form form} directive creates an instance
 * of `FormController`.
 *
 */
//asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
FormController.$inject = ['$element', '$attrs', '$scope', '$animate'];
function FormController(element, attrs, $scope, $animate) {
  var form = this,
      parentForm = element.parent().controller('form') || nullFormCtrl,
      invalidCount = 0, // used to easily determine if we are valid
      errors = form.$error = {},
      controls = [];

  // init state
  form.$name = attrs.name || attrs.ngForm;
  form.$dirty = false;
  form.$pristine = true;
  form.$valid = true;
  form.$invalid = false;

  parentForm.$addControl(form);

  // Setup initial state of the control
  element.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS);
  toggleValidCss(true);

  // convenience method for easy toggling of classes
  function toggleValidCss(isValid, validationErrorKey) {
    validationErrorKey = validationErrorKey ? '-' + snake_case(validationErrorKey, '-') : '';
    $animate.removeClass(element, (isValid ? INVALID_CLASS : VALID_CLASS) + validationErrorKey);
    $animate.addClass(element, (isValid ? VALID_CLASS : INVALID_CLASS) + validationErrorKey);
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name form.FormController#$addControl
   *
   * @description
   * Register a control with the form.
   *
   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are linked.
   */
  form.$addControl = function(control) {
    // Breaking change - before, inputs whose name was "hasOwnProperty" were quietly ignored
    // and not added to the scope.  Now we throw an error.
    assertNotHasOwnProperty(control.$name, 'input');
    controls.push(control);

    if (control.$name) {
      form[control.$name] = control;
    }
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name form.FormController#$removeControl
   *
   * @description
   * Deregister a control from the form.
   *
   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are destroyed.
   */
  form.$removeControl = function(control) {
    if (control.$name && form[control.$name] === control) {
      delete form[control.$name];
    }
    forEach(errors, function(queue, validationToken) {
      form.$setValidity(validationToken, true, control);
    });

    arrayRemove(controls, control);
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name form.FormController#$setValidity
   *
   * @description
   * Sets the validity of a form control.
   *
   * This method will also propagate to parent forms.
   */
  form.$setValidity = function(validationToken, isValid, control) {
    var queue = errors[validationToken];

    if (isValid) {
      if (queue) {
        arrayRemove(queue, control);
        if (!queue.length) {
          invalidCount--;
          if (!invalidCount) {
            toggleValidCss(isValid);
            form.$valid = true;
            form.$invalid = false;
          }
          errors[validationToken] = false;
          toggleValidCss(true, validationToken);
          parentForm.$setValidity(validationToken, true, form);
        }
      }

    } else {
      if (!invalidCount) {
        toggleValidCss(isValid);
      }
      if (queue) {
        if (includes(queue, control)) return;
      } else {
        errors[validationToken] = queue = [];
        invalidCount++;
        toggleValidCss(false, validationToken);
        parentForm.$setValidity(validationToken, false, form);
      }
      queue.push(control);

      form.$valid = false;
      form.$invalid = true;
    }
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name form.FormController#$setDirty
   *
   * @description
   * Sets the form to a dirty state.
   *
   * This method can be called to add the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to a dirty
   * state (ng-dirty class). This method will also propagate to parent forms.
   */
  form.$setDirty = function() {
    $animate.removeClass(element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
    $animate.addClass(element, DIRTY_CLASS);
    form.$dirty = true;
    form.$pristine = false;
    parentForm.$setDirty();
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name form.FormController#$setPristine
   *
   * @description
   * Sets the form to its pristine state.
   *
   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to its pristine
   * state (ng-pristine class). This method will also propagate to all the controls contained
   * in this form.
   *
   * Setting a form back to a pristine state is often useful when we want to 'reuse' a form after
   * saving or resetting it.
   */
  form.$setPristine = function () {
    $animate.removeClass(element, DIRTY_CLASS);
    $animate.addClass(element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
    form.$dirty = false;
    form.$pristine = true;
    forEach(controls, function(control) {
      control.$setPristine();
    });
  };
}


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngForm
 * @restrict EAC
 *
 * @description
 * Nestable alias of {@link ng.directive:form `form`} directive. HTML
 * does not allow nesting of form elements. It is useful to nest forms, for example if the validity of a
 * sub-group of controls needs to be determined.
 *
 * Note: the purpose of `ngForm` is to group controls,
 * but not to be a replacement for the `<form>` tag with all of its capabilities
 * (e.g. posting to the server, ...).
 *
 * @param {string=} ngForm|name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
 *                       related scope, under this name.
 *
 */

 /**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name form
 * @restrict E
 *
 * @description
 * Directive that instantiates
 * {@link form.FormController FormController}.
 *
 * If the `name` attribute is specified, the form controller is published onto the current scope under
 * this name.
 *
 * # Alias: {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`}
 *
 * In Angular forms can be nested. This means that the outer form is valid when all of the child
 * forms are valid as well. However, browsers do not allow nesting of `<form>` elements, so
 * Angular provides the {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`} directive which behaves identically to
 * `<form>` but can be nested.  This allows you to have nested forms, which is very useful when
 * using Angular validation directives in forms that are dynamically generated using the
 * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat `ngRepeat`} directive. Since you cannot dynamically generate the `name`
 * attribute of input elements using interpolation, you have to wrap each set of repeated inputs in an
 * `ngForm` directive and nest these in an outer `form` element.
 *
 *
 * # CSS classes
 *  - `ng-valid` is set if the form is valid.
 *  - `ng-invalid` is set if the form is invalid.
 *  - `ng-pristine` is set if the form is pristine.
 *  - `ng-dirty` is set if the form is dirty.
 *
 * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
 *
 *
 * # Submitting a form and preventing the default action
 *
 * Since the role of forms in client-side Angular applications is different than in classical
 * roundtrip apps, it is desirable for the browser not to translate the form submission into a full
 * page reload that sends the data to the server. Instead some javascript logic should be triggered
 * to handle the form submission in an application-specific way.
 *
 * For this reason, Angular prevents the default action (form submission to the server) unless the
 * `<form>` element has an `action` attribute specified.
 *
 * You can use one of the following two ways to specify what javascript method should be called when
 * a form is submitted:
 *
 * - {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit} directive on the form element
 * - {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directive on the first
  *  button or input field of type submit (input[type=submit])
 *
 * To prevent double execution of the handler, use only one of the {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit}
 * or {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directives.
 * This is because of the following form submission rules in the HTML specification:
 *
 * - If a form has only one input field then hitting enter in this field triggers form submit
 * (`ngSubmit`)
 * - if a form has 2+ input fields and no buttons or input[type=submit] then hitting enter
 * doesn't trigger submit
 * - if a form has one or more input fields and one or more buttons or input[type=submit] then
 * hitting enter in any of the input fields will trigger the click handler on the *first* button or
 * input[type=submit] (`ngClick`) *and* a submit handler on the enclosing form (`ngSubmit`)
 *
 * @param {string=} name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
 *                       related scope, under this name.
 *
 * ## Animation Hooks
 *
 * Animations in ngForm are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed.
 * These classes are: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`, `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any
 * other validations that are performed within the form. Animations in ngForm are similar to how
 * they work in ngClass and animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well
 * as JS animations.
 *
 * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style a form element
 * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
 *
 * <pre>
 * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
 * //advanced animations
 * .my-form {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 *   background: white;
 * }
 * .my-form.ng-invalid {
 *   background: red;
 *   color:white;
 * }
 * </pre>
 *
 * @example
    <example deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true">
      <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         function Ctrl($scope) {
           $scope.userType = 'guest';
         }
       </script>
       <style>
        .my-form {
          -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
          transition:all linear 0.5s;
          background: transparent;
        }
        .my-form.ng-invalid {
          background: red;
        }
       </style>
       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl" class="my-form">
         userType: <input name="input" ng-model="userType" required>
         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">Required!</span><br>
         <tt>userType = {{userType}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br>
        </form>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));

          expect(userType.getText()).toContain('guest');
          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
          var userInput = element(by.model('userType'));

          userInput.clear();
          userInput.sendKeys('');

          expect(userType.getText()).toEqual('userType =');
          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 *
 */
var formDirectiveFactory = function(isNgForm) {
  return ['$timeout', function($timeout) {
    var formDirective = {
      name: 'form',
      restrict: isNgForm ? 'EAC' : 'E',
      controller: FormController,
      compile: function() {
        return {
          pre: function(scope, formElement, attr, controller) {
            if (!attr.action) {
              // we can't use jq events because if a form is destroyed during submission the default
              // action is not prevented. see #1238
              //
              // IE 9 is not affected because it doesn't fire a submit event and try to do a full
              // page reload if the form was destroyed by submission of the form via a click handler
              // on a button in the form. Looks like an IE9 specific bug.
              var preventDefaultListener = function(event) {
                event.preventDefault
                  ? event.preventDefault()
                  : event.returnValue = false; // IE
              };

              addEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', preventDefaultListener);

              // unregister the preventDefault listener so that we don't not leak memory but in a
              // way that will achieve the prevention of the default action.
              formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
                $timeout(function() {
                  removeEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', preventDefaultListener);
                }, 0, false);
              });
            }

            var parentFormCtrl = formElement.parent().controller('form'),
                alias = attr.name || attr.ngForm;

            if (alias) {
              setter(scope, alias, controller, alias);
            }
            if (parentFormCtrl) {
              formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
                parentFormCtrl.$removeControl(controller);
                if (alias) {
                  setter(scope, alias, undefined, alias);
                }
                extend(controller, nullFormCtrl); //stop propagating child destruction handlers upwards
              });
            }
          }
        };
      }
    };

    return formDirective;
  }];
};

var formDirective = formDirectiveFactory();
var ngFormDirective = formDirectiveFactory(true);

/* global

    -VALID_CLASS,
    -INVALID_CLASS,
    -PRISTINE_CLASS,
    -DIRTY_CLASS
*/

var URL_REGEXP = /^(ftp|http|https):\/\/(\w+:{0,1}\w*@)?(\S+)(:[0-9]+)?(\/|\/([\w#!:.?+=&%@!\-\/]))?$/;
var EMAIL_REGEXP = /^[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+\/=?^_`{|}~.-]+@[a-z0-9-]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*$/i;
var NUMBER_REGEXP = /^\s*(\-|\+)?(\d+|(\d*(\.\d*)))\s*$/;

var inputType = {

  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[text]
   *
   * @description
   * Standard HTML text input with angular data binding.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {string=} required Adds `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
   *    minlength.
   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
   *    maxlength.
   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
   *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
   *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
   *
   * @example
      <example name="text-input-directive">
        <file name="index.html">
         <script>
           function Ctrl($scope) {
             $scope.text = 'guest';
             $scope.word = /^\s*\w*\s*$/;
           }
         </script>
         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
           Single word: <input type="text" name="input" ng-model="text"
                               ng-pattern="word" required ng-trim="false">
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
             Required!</span>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.pattern">
             Single word only!</span>

           <tt>text = {{text}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
          </form>
        </file>
        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
          var text = element(by.binding('text'));
          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
          var input = element(by.model('text'));

          it('should initialize to model', function() {
            expect(text.getText()).toContain('guest');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
          });

          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('');

            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });

          it('should be invalid if multi word', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('hello world');

            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });
        </file>
      </example>
   */
  'text': textInputType,


  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[number]
   *
   * @description
   * Text input with number validation and transformation. Sets the `number` validation
   * error if not a valid number.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
   *    minlength.
   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
   *    maxlength.
   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
   *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
   *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   *
   * @example
      <example name="number-input-directive">
        <file name="index.html">
         <script>
           function Ctrl($scope) {
             $scope.value = 12;
           }
         </script>
         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
           Number: <input type="number" name="input" ng-model="value"
                          min="0" max="99" required>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
             Required!</span>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.number">
             Not valid number!</span>
           <tt>value = {{value}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
          </form>
        </file>
        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
          var value = element(by.binding('value'));
          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
          var input = element(by.model('value'));

          it('should initialize to model', function() {
            expect(value.getText()).toContain('12');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
          });

          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('');
            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });

          it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('123');
            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });
        </file>
      </example>
   */
  'number': numberInputType,


  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[url]
   *
   * @description
   * Text input with URL validation. Sets the `url` validation error key if the content is not a
   * valid URL.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
   *    minlength.
   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
   *    maxlength.
   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
   *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
   *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   *
   * @example
      <example name="url-input-directive">
        <file name="index.html">
         <script>
           function Ctrl($scope) {
             $scope.text = 'http://google.com';
           }
         </script>
         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
           URL: <input type="url" name="input" ng-model="text" required>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
             Required!</span>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.url">
             Not valid url!</span>
           <tt>text = {{text}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$error.url = {{!!myForm.$error.url}}</tt><br/>
          </form>
        </file>
        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
          var text = element(by.binding('text'));
          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
          var input = element(by.model('text'));

          it('should initialize to model', function() {
            expect(text.getText()).toContain('http://google.com');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
          });

          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('');

            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });

          it('should be invalid if not url', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('box');

            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });
        </file>
      </example>
   */
  'url': urlInputType,


  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[email]
   *
   * @description
   * Text input with email validation. Sets the `email` validation error key if not a valid email
   * address.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
   *    minlength.
   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
   *    maxlength.
   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
   *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
   *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   *
   * @example
      <example name="email-input-directive">
        <file name="index.html">
         <script>
           function Ctrl($scope) {
             $scope.text = 'me@example.com';
           }
         </script>
           <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
             Email: <input type="email" name="input" ng-model="text" required>
             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
               Required!</span>
             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.email">
               Not valid email!</span>
             <tt>text = {{text}}</tt><br/>
             <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
             <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
             <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
             <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
             <tt>myForm.$error.email = {{!!myForm.$error.email}}</tt><br/>
           </form>
         </file>
        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
          var text = element(by.binding('text'));
          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
          var input = element(by.model('text'));

          it('should initialize to model', function() {
            expect(text.getText()).toContain('me@example.com');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
          });

          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('');
            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });

          it('should be invalid if not email', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('xxx');

            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });
        </file>
      </example>
   */
  'email': emailInputType,


  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[radio]
   *
   * @description
   * HTML radio button.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string} value The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   * @param {string} ngValue Angular expression which sets the value to which the expression should
   *    be set when selected.
   *
   * @example
      <example name="radio-input-directive">
        <file name="index.html">
         <script>
           function Ctrl($scope) {
             $scope.color = 'blue';
             $scope.specialValue = {
               "id": "12345",
               "value": "green"
             };
           }
         </script>
         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
           <input type="radio" ng-model="color" value="red">  Red <br/>
           <input type="radio" ng-model="color" ng-value="specialValue"> Green <br/>
           <input type="radio" ng-model="color" value="blue"> Blue <br/>
           <tt>color = {{color | json}}</tt><br/>
          </form>
          Note that `ng-value="specialValue"` sets radio item's value to be the value of `$scope.specialValue`.
        </file>
        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
          it('should change state', function() {
            var color = element(by.binding('color'));

            expect(color.getText()).toContain('blue');

            element.all(by.model('color')).get(0).click();

            expect(color.getText()).toContain('red');
          });
        </file>
      </example>
   */
  'radio': radioInputType,


  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[checkbox]
   *
   * @description
   * HTML checkbox.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {string=} ngTrueValue The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
   * @param {string=} ngFalseValue The value to which the expression should be set when not selected.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   *
   * @example
      <example name="checkbox-input-directive">
        <file name="index.html">
         <script>
           function Ctrl($scope) {
             $scope.value1 = true;
             $scope.value2 = 'YES'
           }
         </script>
         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
           Value1: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="value1"> <br/>
           Value2: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="value2"
                          ng-true-value="YES" ng-false-value="NO"> <br/>
           <tt>value1 = {{value1}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>value2 = {{value2}}</tt><br/>
          </form>
        </file>
        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
          it('should change state', function() {
            var value1 = element(by.binding('value1'));
            var value2 = element(by.binding('value2'));

            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('true');
            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('YES');

            element(by.model('value1')).click();
            element(by.model('value2')).click();

            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('false');
            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('NO');
          });
        </file>
      </example>
   */
  'checkbox': checkboxInputType,

  'hidden': noop,
  'button': noop,
  'submit': noop,
  'reset': noop,
  'file': noop
};

// A helper function to call $setValidity and return the value / undefined,
// a pattern that is repeated a lot in the input validation logic.
function validate(ctrl, validatorName, validity, value){
  ctrl.$setValidity(validatorName, validity);
  return validity ? value : undefined;
}

function testFlags(validity, flags) {
  var i, flag;
  if (flags) {
    for (i=0; i<flags.length; ++i) {
      flag = flags[i];
      if (validity[flag]) {
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  return false;
}

// Pass validity so that behaviour can be mocked easier.
function addNativeHtml5Validators(ctrl, validatorName, badFlags, ignoreFlags, validity) {
  if (isObject(validity)) {
    ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators = true;
    var validator = function(value) {
      // Don't overwrite previous validation, don't consider valueMissing to apply (ng-required can
      // perform the required validation)
      if (!ctrl.$error[validatorName] &&
          !testFlags(validity, ignoreFlags) &&
          testFlags(validity, badFlags)) {
        ctrl.$setValidity(validatorName, false);
        return;
      }
      return value;
    };
    ctrl.$parsers.push(validator);
  }
}

function textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
  var validity = element.prop(VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY);
  var placeholder = element[0].placeholder, noevent = {};
  ctrl.$$validityState = validity;

  // In composition mode, users are still inputing intermediate text buffer,
  // hold the listener until composition is done.
  // More about composition events: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CompositionEvent
  if (!$sniffer.android) {
    var composing = false;

    element.on('compositionstart', function(data) {
      composing = true;
    });

    element.on('compositionend', function() {
      composing = false;
      listener();
    });
  }

  var listener = function(ev) {
    if (composing) return;
    var value = element.val();

    // IE (11 and under) seem to emit an 'input' event if the placeholder value changes.
    // We don't want to dirty the value when this happens, so we abort here. Unfortunately,
    // IE also sends input events for other non-input-related things, (such as focusing on a
    // form control), so this change is not entirely enough to solve this.
    if (msie && (ev || noevent).type === 'input' && element[0].placeholder !== placeholder) {
      placeholder = element[0].placeholder;
      return;
    }

    // By default we will trim the value
    // If the attribute ng-trim exists we will avoid trimming
    // e.g. <input ng-model="foo" ng-trim="false">
    if (toBoolean(attr.ngTrim || 'T')) {
      value = trim(value);
    }

    // If a control is suffering from bad input, browsers discard its value, so it may be
    // necessary to revalidate even if the control's value is the same empty value twice in
    // a row.
    var revalidate = validity && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators;
    if (ctrl.$viewValue !== value || (value === '' && revalidate)) {
      if (scope.$$phase) {
        ctrl.$setViewValue(value);
      } else {
        scope.$apply(function() {
          ctrl.$setViewValue(value);
        });
      }
    }
  };

  // if the browser does support "input" event, we are fine - except on IE9 which doesn't fire the
  // input event on backspace, delete or cut
  if ($sniffer.hasEvent('input')) {
    element.on('input', listener);
  } else {
    var timeout;

    var deferListener = function() {
      if (!timeout) {
        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
          listener();
          timeout = null;
        });
      }
    };

    element.on('keydown', function(event) {
      var key = event.keyCode;

      // ignore
      //    command            modifiers                   arrows
      if (key === 91 || (15 < key && key < 19) || (37 <= key && key <= 40)) return;

      deferListener();
    });

    // if user modifies input value using context menu in IE, we need "paste" and "cut" events to catch it
    if ($sniffer.hasEvent('paste')) {
      element.on('paste cut', deferListener);
    }
  }

  // if user paste into input using mouse on older browser
  // or form autocomplete on newer browser, we need "change" event to catch it
  element.on('change', listener);

  ctrl.$render = function() {
    element.val(ctrl.$isEmpty(ctrl.$viewValue) ? '' : ctrl.$viewValue);
  };

  // pattern validator
  var pattern = attr.ngPattern,
      patternValidator,
      match;

  if (pattern) {
    var validateRegex = function(regexp, value) {
      return validate(ctrl, 'pattern', ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || regexp.test(value), value);
    };
    match = pattern.match(/^\/(.*)\/([gim]*)$/);
    if (match) {
      pattern = new RegExp(match[1], match[2]);
      patternValidator = function(value) {
        return validateRegex(pattern, value);
      };
    } else {
      patternValidator = function(value) {
        var patternObj = scope.$eval(pattern);

        if (!patternObj || !patternObj.test) {
          throw minErr('ngPattern')('noregexp',
            'Expected {0} to be a RegExp but was {1}. Element: {2}', pattern,
            patternObj, startingTag(element));
        }
        return validateRegex(patternObj, value);
      };
    }

    ctrl.$formatters.push(patternValidator);
    ctrl.$parsers.push(patternValidator);
  }

  // min length validator
  if (attr.ngMinlength) {
    var minlength = int(attr.ngMinlength);
    var minLengthValidator = function(value) {
      return validate(ctrl, 'minlength', ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || value.length >= minlength, value);
    };

    ctrl.$parsers.push(minLengthValidator);
    ctrl.$formatters.push(minLengthValidator);
  }

  // max length validator
  if (attr.ngMaxlength) {
    var maxlength = int(attr.ngMaxlength);
    var maxLengthValidator = function(value) {
      return validate(ctrl, 'maxlength', ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || value.length <= maxlength, value);
    };

    ctrl.$parsers.push(maxLengthValidator);
    ctrl.$formatters.push(maxLengthValidator);
  }
}

var numberBadFlags = ['badInput'];

function numberInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
  textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);

  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
    var empty = ctrl.$isEmpty(value);
    if (empty || NUMBER_REGEXP.test(value)) {
      ctrl.$setValidity('number', true);
      return value === '' ? null : (empty ? value : parseFloat(value));
    } else {
      ctrl.$setValidity('number', false);
      return undefined;
    }
  });

  addNativeHtml5Validators(ctrl, 'number', numberBadFlags, null, ctrl.$$validityState);

  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) ? '' : '' + value;
  });

  if (attr.min) {
    var minValidator = function(value) {
      var min = parseFloat(attr.min);
      return validate(ctrl, 'min', ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || value >= min, value);
    };

    ctrl.$parsers.push(minValidator);
    ctrl.$formatters.push(minValidator);
  }

  if (attr.max) {
    var maxValidator = function(value) {
      var max = parseFloat(attr.max);
      return validate(ctrl, 'max', ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || value <= max, value);
    };

    ctrl.$parsers.push(maxValidator);
    ctrl.$formatters.push(maxValidator);
  }

  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
    return validate(ctrl, 'number', ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || isNumber(value), value);
  });
}

function urlInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
  textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);

  var urlValidator = function(value) {
    return validate(ctrl, 'url', ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || URL_REGEXP.test(value), value);
  };

  ctrl.$formatters.push(urlValidator);
  ctrl.$parsers.push(urlValidator);
}

function emailInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
  textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);

  var emailValidator = function(value) {
    return validate(ctrl, 'email', ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || EMAIL_REGEXP.test(value), value);
  };

  ctrl.$formatters.push(emailValidator);
  ctrl.$parsers.push(emailValidator);
}

function radioInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
  // make the name unique, if not defined
  if (isUndefined(attr.name)) {
    element.attr('name', nextUid());
  }

  element.on('click', function() {
    if (element[0].checked) {
      scope.$apply(function() {
        ctrl.$setViewValue(attr.value);
      });
    }
  });

  ctrl.$render = function() {
    var value = attr.value;
    element[0].checked = (value == ctrl.$viewValue);
  };

  attr.$observe('value', ctrl.$render);
}

function checkboxInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
  var trueValue = attr.ngTrueValue,
      falseValue = attr.ngFalseValue;

  if (!isString(trueValue)) trueValue = true;
  if (!isString(falseValue)) falseValue = false;

  element.on('click', function() {
    scope.$apply(function() {
      ctrl.$setViewValue(element[0].checked);
    });
  });

  ctrl.$render = function() {
    element[0].checked = ctrl.$viewValue;
  };

  // Override the standard `$isEmpty` because a value of `false` means empty in a checkbox.
  ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
    return value !== trueValue;
  };

  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
    return value === trueValue;
  });

  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
    return value ? trueValue : falseValue;
  });
}


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name textarea
 * @restrict E
 *
 * @description
 * HTML textarea element control with angular data-binding. The data-binding and validation
 * properties of this element are exactly the same as those of the
 * {@link ng.directive:input input element}.
 *
 * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
 * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
 * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
 *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
 *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
 * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
 *    minlength.
 * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
 *    maxlength.
 * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
 *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
 *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
 * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
 *    interaction with the input element.
 * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name input
 * @restrict E
 *
 * @description
 * HTML input element control with angular data-binding. Input control follows HTML5 input types
 * and polyfills the HTML5 validation behavior for older browsers.
 *
 * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
 * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
 * @param {boolean=} ngRequired Sets `required` attribute if set to true
 * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
 *    minlength.
 * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
 *    maxlength.
 * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
 *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
 *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
 * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
 *    interaction with the input element.
 *
 * @example
    <example name="input-directive">
      <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         function Ctrl($scope) {
           $scope.user = {name: 'guest', last: 'visitor'};
         }
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
         <form name="myForm">
           User name: <input type="text" name="userName" ng-model="user.name" required>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.userName.$error.required">
             Required!</span><br>
           Last name: <input type="text" name="lastName" ng-model="user.last"
             ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10">
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.minlength">
             Too short!</span>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.maxlength">
             Too long!</span><br>
         </form>
         <hr>
         <tt>user = {{user}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.userName.$valid = {{myForm.userName.$valid}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.userName.$error = {{myForm.userName.$error}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.lastName.$valid = {{myForm.lastName.$valid}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.lastName.$error = {{myForm.lastName.$error}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$error.minlength = {{!!myForm.$error.minlength}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$error.maxlength = {{!!myForm.$error.maxlength}}</tt><br>
       </div>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        var user = element(by.binding('{{user}}'));
        var userNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.userName.$valid'));
        var lastNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$valid'));
        var lastNameError = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$error'));
        var formValid = element(by.binding('myForm.$valid'));
        var userNameInput = element(by.model('user.name'));
        var userLastInput = element(by.model('user.last'));

        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":"visitor"}');
          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty when required', function() {
          userNameInput.clear();
          userNameInput.sendKeys('');

          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"last":"visitor"}');
          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
        });

        it('should be valid if empty when min length is set', function() {
          userLastInput.clear();
          userLastInput.sendKeys('');

          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":""}');
          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if less than required min length', function() {
          userLastInput.clear();
          userLastInput.sendKeys('xx');

          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('minlength');
          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
        });

        it('should be invalid if longer than max length', function() {
          userLastInput.clear();
          userLastInput.sendKeys('some ridiculously long name');

          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('maxlength');
          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 */
var inputDirective = ['$browser', '$sniffer', function($browser, $sniffer) {
  return {
    restrict: 'E',
    require: '?ngModel',
    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
      if (ctrl) {
        (inputType[lowercase(attr.type)] || inputType.text)(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer,
                                                            $browser);
      }
    }
  };
}];

var VALID_CLASS = 'ng-valid',
    INVALID_CLASS = 'ng-invalid',
    PRISTINE_CLASS = 'ng-pristine',
    DIRTY_CLASS = 'ng-dirty';

/**
 * @ngdoc type
 * @name ngModel.NgModelController
 *
 * @property {string} $viewValue Actual string value in the view.
 * @property {*} $modelValue The value in the model, that the control is bound to.
 * @property {Array.<Function>} $parsers Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
       the control reads value from the DOM.  Each function is called, in turn, passing the value
       through to the next. The last return value is used to populate the model.
       Used to sanitize / convert the value as well as validation. For validation,
       the parsers should update the validity state using
       {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity $setValidity()},
       and return `undefined` for invalid values.

 *
 * @property {Array.<Function>} $formatters Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
       the model value changes. Each function is called, in turn, passing the value through to the
       next. Used to format / convert values for display in the control and validation.
 * ```js
 * function formatter(value) {
 *   if (value) {
 *     return value.toUpperCase();
 *   }
 * }
 * ngModel.$formatters.push(formatter);
 * ```
 *
 * @property {Array.<Function>} $viewChangeListeners Array of functions to execute whenever the
 *     view value has changed. It is called with no arguments, and its return value is ignored.
 *     This can be used in place of additional $watches against the model value.
 *
 * @property {Object} $error An object hash with all errors as keys.
 *
 * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the control yet.
 * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the control.
 * @property {boolean} $valid True if there is no error.
 * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one error on the control.
 *
 * @description
 *
 * `NgModelController` provides API for the `ng-model` directive. The controller contains
 * services for data-binding, validation, CSS updates, and value formatting and parsing. It
 * purposefully does not contain any logic which deals with DOM rendering or listening to
 * DOM events. Such DOM related logic should be provided by other directives which make use of
 * `NgModelController` for data-binding.
 *
 * ## Custom Control Example
 * This example shows how to use `NgModelController` with a custom control to achieve
 * data-binding. Notice how different directives (`contenteditable`, `ng-model`, and `required`)
 * collaborate together to achieve the desired result.
 *
 * Note that `contenteditable` is an HTML5 attribute, which tells the browser to let the element
 * contents be edited in place by the user.  This will not work on older browsers.
 *
 * We are using the {@link ng.service:$sce $sce} service here and include the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize}
 * module to automatically remove "bad" content like inline event listener (e.g. `<span onclick="...">`).
 * However, as we are using `$sce` the model can still decide to to provide unsafe content if it marks
 * that content using the `$sce` service.
 *
 * <example name="NgModelController" module="customControl" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
    <file name="style.css">
      [contenteditable] {
        border: 1px solid black;
        background-color: white;
        min-height: 20px;
      }

      .ng-invalid {
        border: 1px solid red;
      }

    </file>
    <file name="script.js">
      angular.module('customControl', ['ngSanitize']).
        directive('contenteditable', ['$sce', function($sce) {
          return {
            restrict: 'A', // only activate on element attribute
            require: '?ngModel', // get a hold of NgModelController
            link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
              if(!ngModel) return; // do nothing if no ng-model

              // Specify how UI should be updated
              ngModel.$render = function() {
                element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(ngModel.$viewValue || ''));
              };

              // Listen for change events to enable binding
              element.on('blur keyup change', function() {
                scope.$apply(read);
              });
              read(); // initialize

              // Write data to the model
              function read() {
                var html = element.html();
                // When we clear the content editable the browser leaves a <br> behind
                // If strip-br attribute is provided then we strip this out
                if( attrs.stripBr && html == '<br>' ) {
                  html = '';
                }
                ngModel.$setViewValue(html);
              }
            }
          };
        }]);
    </file>
    <file name="index.html">
      <form name="myForm">
       <div contenteditable
            name="myWidget" ng-model="userContent"
            strip-br="true"
            required>Change me!</div>
        <span ng-show="myForm.myWidget.$error.required">Required!</span>
       <hr>
       <textarea ng-model="userContent"></textarea>
      </form>
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
    it('should data-bind and become invalid', function() {
      if (browser.params.browser == 'safari' || browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
        // SafariDriver can't handle contenteditable
        // and Firefox driver can't clear contenteditables very well
        return;
      }
      var contentEditable = element(by.css('[contenteditable]'));
      var content = 'Change me!';

      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual(content);

      contentEditable.clear();
      contentEditable.sendKeys(protractor.Key.BACK_SPACE);
      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual('');
      expect(contentEditable.getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/ng-invalid-required/);
    });
    </file>
 * </example>
 *
 *
 */
var NgModelController = ['$scope', '$exceptionHandler', '$attrs', '$element', '$parse', '$animate',
    function($scope, $exceptionHandler, $attr, $element, $parse, $animate) {
  this.$viewValue = Number.NaN;
  this.$modelValue = Number.NaN;
  this.$parsers = [];
  this.$formatters = [];
  this.$viewChangeListeners = [];
  this.$pristine = true;
  this.$dirty = false;
  this.$valid = true;
  this.$invalid = false;
  this.$name = $attr.name;

  var ngModelGet = $parse($attr.ngModel),
      ngModelSet = ngModelGet.assign;

  if (!ngModelSet) {
    throw minErr('ngModel')('nonassign', "Expression '{0}' is non-assignable. Element: {1}",
        $attr.ngModel, startingTag($element));
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$render
   *
   * @description
   * Called when the view needs to be updated. It is expected that the user of the ng-model
   * directive will implement this method.
   */
  this.$render = noop;

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty
   *
   * @description
   * This is called when we need to determine if the value of the input is empty.
   *
   * For instance, the required directive does this to work out if the input has data or not.
   * The default `$isEmpty` function checks whether the value is `undefined`, `''`, `null` or `NaN`.
   *
   * You can override this for input directives whose concept of being empty is different to the
   * default. The `checkboxInputType` directive does this because in its case a value of `false`
   * implies empty.
   *
   * @param {*} value Reference to check.
   * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is empty.
   */
  this.$isEmpty = function(value) {
    return isUndefined(value) || value === '' || value === null || value !== value;
  };

  var parentForm = $element.inheritedData('$formController') || nullFormCtrl,
      invalidCount = 0, // used to easily determine if we are valid
      $error = this.$error = {}; // keep invalid keys here


  // Setup initial state of the control
  $element.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS);
  toggleValidCss(true);

  // convenience method for easy toggling of classes
  function toggleValidCss(isValid, validationErrorKey) {
    validationErrorKey = validationErrorKey ? '-' + snake_case(validationErrorKey, '-') : '';
    $animate.removeClass($element, (isValid ? INVALID_CLASS : VALID_CLASS) + validationErrorKey);
    $animate.addClass($element, (isValid ? VALID_CLASS : INVALID_CLASS) + validationErrorKey);
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity
   *
   * @description
   * Change the validity state, and notifies the form when the control changes validity. (i.e. it
   * does not notify form if given validator is already marked as invalid).
   *
   * This method should be called by validators - i.e. the parser or formatter functions.
   *
   * @param {string} validationErrorKey Name of the validator. the `validationErrorKey` will assign
   *        to `$error[validationErrorKey]=!isValid` so that it is available for data-binding.
   *        The `validationErrorKey` should be in camelCase and will get converted into dash-case
   *        for class name. Example: `myError` will result in `ng-valid-my-error` and `ng-invalid-my-error`
   *        class and can be bound to as  `{{someForm.someControl.$error.myError}}` .
   * @param {boolean} isValid Whether the current state is valid (true) or invalid (false).
   */
  this.$setValidity = function(validationErrorKey, isValid) {
    // Purposeful use of ! here to cast isValid to boolean in case it is undefined
    // jshint -W018
    if ($error[validationErrorKey] === !isValid) return;
    // jshint +W018

    if (isValid) {
      if ($error[validationErrorKey]) invalidCount--;
      if (!invalidCount) {
        toggleValidCss(true);
        this.$valid = true;
        this.$invalid = false;
      }
    } else {
      toggleValidCss(false);
      this.$invalid = true;
      this.$valid = false;
      invalidCount++;
    }

    $error[validationErrorKey] = !isValid;
    toggleValidCss(isValid, validationErrorKey);

    parentForm.$setValidity(validationErrorKey, isValid, this);
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setPristine
   *
   * @description
   * Sets the control to its pristine state.
   *
   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-dirty' class and set the control to its pristine
   * state (ng-pristine class).
   */
  this.$setPristine = function () {
    this.$dirty = false;
    this.$pristine = true;
    $animate.removeClass($element, DIRTY_CLASS);
    $animate.addClass($element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue
   *
   * @description
   * Update the view value.
   *
   * This method should be called when the view value changes, typically from within a DOM event handler.
   * For example {@link ng.directive:input input} and
   * {@link ng.directive:select select} directives call it.
   *
   * It will update the $viewValue, then pass this value through each of the functions in `$parsers`,
   * which includes any validators. The value that comes out of this `$parsers` pipeline, be applied to
   * `$modelValue` and the **expression** specified in the `ng-model` attribute.
   *
   * Lastly, all the registered change listeners, in the `$viewChangeListeners` list, are called.
   *
   * Note that calling this function does not trigger a `$digest`.
   *
   * @param {string} value Value from the view.
   */
  this.$setViewValue = function(value) {
    this.$viewValue = value;

    // change to dirty
    if (this.$pristine) {
      this.$dirty = true;
      this.$pristine = false;
      $animate.removeClass($element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
      $animate.addClass($element, DIRTY_CLASS);
      parentForm.$setDirty();
    }

    forEach(this.$parsers, function(fn) {
      value = fn(value);
    });

    if (this.$modelValue !== value) {
      this.$modelValue = value;
      ngModelSet($scope, value);
      forEach(this.$viewChangeListeners, function(listener) {
        try {
          listener();
        } catch(e) {
          $exceptionHandler(e);
        }
      });
    }
  };

  // model -> value
  var ctrl = this;

  $scope.$watch(function ngModelWatch() {
    var value = ngModelGet($scope);

    // if scope model value and ngModel value are out of sync
    if (ctrl.$modelValue !== value) {

      var formatters = ctrl.$formatters,
          idx = formatters.length;

      ctrl.$modelValue = value;
      while(idx--) {
        value = formatters[idx](value);
      }

      if (ctrl.$viewValue !== value) {
        ctrl.$viewValue = value;
        ctrl.$render();
      }
    }

    return value;
  });
}];


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngModel
 *
 * @element input
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngModel` directive binds an `input`,`select`, `textarea` (or custom form control) to a
 * property on the scope using {@link ngModel.NgModelController NgModelController},
 * which is created and exposed by this directive.
 *
 * `ngModel` is responsible for:
 *
 * - Binding the view into the model, which other directives such as `input`, `textarea` or `select`
 *   require.
 * - Providing validation behavior (i.e. required, number, email, url).
 * - Keeping the state of the control (valid/invalid, dirty/pristine, validation errors).
 * - Setting related css classes on the element (`ng-valid`, `ng-invalid`, `ng-dirty`, `ng-pristine`) including animations.
 * - Registering the control with its parent {@link ng.directive:form form}.
 *
 * Note: `ngModel` will try to bind to the property given by evaluating the expression on the
 * current scope. If the property doesn't already exist on this scope, it will be created
 * implicitly and added to the scope.
 *
 * For best practices on using `ngModel`, see:
 *
 *  - [https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding-Scopes]
 *
 * For basic examples, how to use `ngModel`, see:
 *
 *  - {@link ng.directive:input input}
 *    - {@link input[text] text}
 *    - {@link input[checkbox] checkbox}
 *    - {@link input[radio] radio}
 *    - {@link input[number] number}
 *    - {@link input[email] email}
 *    - {@link input[url] url}
 *  - {@link ng.directive:select select}
 *  - {@link ng.directive:textarea textarea}
 *
 * # CSS classes
 * The following CSS classes are added and removed on the associated input/select/textarea element
 * depending on the validity of the model.
 *
 *  - `ng-valid` is set if the model is valid.
 *  - `ng-invalid` is set if the model is invalid.
 *  - `ng-pristine` is set if the model is pristine.
 *  - `ng-dirty` is set if the model is dirty.
 *
 * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
 *
 * ## Animation Hooks
 *
 * Animations within models are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed
 * on the input element which is attached to the model. These classes are: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`,
 * `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any other validations that are performed on the model itself.
 * The animations that are triggered within ngModel are similar to how they work in ngClass and
 * animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well as JS animations.
 *
 * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style an input element
 * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
 *
 * <pre>
 * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
 * //advanced animations
 * .my-input {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 *   background: white;
 * }
 * .my-input.ng-invalid {
 *   background: red;
 *   color:white;
 * }
 * </pre>
 *
 * @example
 * <example deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true">
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
        function Ctrl($scope) {
          $scope.val = '1';
        }
       </script>
       <style>
         .my-input {
           -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
           transition:all linear 0.5s;
           background: transparent;
         }
         .my-input.ng-invalid {
           color:white;
           background: red;
         }
       </style>
       Update input to see transitions when valid/invalid.
       Integer is a valid value.
       <form name="testForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
         <input ng-model="val" ng-pattern="/^\d+$/" name="anim" class="my-input" />
       </form>
     </file>
 * </example>
 */
var ngModelDirective = function() {
  return {
    require: ['ngModel', '^?form'],
    controller: NgModelController,
    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
      // notify others, especially parent forms

      var modelCtrl = ctrls[0],
          formCtrl = ctrls[1] || nullFormCtrl;

      formCtrl.$addControl(modelCtrl);

      scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
        formCtrl.$removeControl(modelCtrl);
      });
    }
  };
};


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngChange
 *
 * @description
 * Evaluate the given expression when the user changes the input.
 * The expression is evaluated immediately, unlike the JavaScript onchange event
 * which only triggers at the end of a change (usually, when the user leaves the
 * form element or presses the return key).
 * The expression is not evaluated when the value change is coming from the model.
 *
 * Note, this directive requires `ngModel` to be present.
 *
 * @element input
 * @param {expression} ngChange {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon change
 * in input value.
 *
 * @example
 * <example name="ngChange-directive">
 *   <file name="index.html">
 *     <script>
 *       function Controller($scope) {
 *         $scope.counter = 0;
 *         $scope.change = function() {
 *           $scope.counter++;
 *         };
 *       }
 *     </script>
 *     <div ng-controller="Controller">
 *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" ng-change="change()" id="ng-change-example1" />
 *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" id="ng-change-example2" />
 *       <label for="ng-change-example2">Confirmed</label><br />
 *       <tt>debug = {{confirmed}}</tt><br/>
 *       <tt>counter = {{counter}}</tt><br/>
 *     </div>
 *   </file>
 *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
 *     var counter = element(by.binding('counter'));
 *     var debug = element(by.binding('confirmed'));
 *
 *     it('should evaluate the expression if changing from view', function() {
 *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
 *
 *       element(by.id('ng-change-example1')).click();
 *
 *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('1');
 *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
 *     });
 *
 *     it('should not evaluate the expression if changing from model', function() {
 *       element(by.id('ng-change-example2')).click();

 *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
 *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
 *     });
 *   </file>
 * </example>
 */
var ngChangeDirective = valueFn({
  require: 'ngModel',
  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
    ctrl.$viewChangeListeners.push(function() {
      scope.$eval(attr.ngChange);
    });
  }
});


var requiredDirective = function() {
  return {
    require: '?ngModel',
    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
      if (!ctrl) return;
      attr.required = true; // force truthy in case we are on non input element

      var validator = function(value) {
        if (attr.required && ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) {
          ctrl.$setValidity('required', false);
          return;
        } else {
          ctrl.$setValidity('required', true);
          return value;
        }
      };

      ctrl.$formatters.push(validator);
      ctrl.$parsers.unshift(validator);

      attr.$observe('required', function() {
        validator(ctrl.$viewValue);
      });
    }
  };
};


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngList
 *
 * @description
 * Text input that converts between a delimited string and an array of strings. The delimiter
 * can be a fixed string (by default a comma) or a regular expression.
 *
 * @element input
 * @param {string=} ngList optional delimiter that should be used to split the value. If
 *   specified in form `/something/` then the value will be converted into a regular expression.
 *
 * @example
    <example name="ngList-directive">
      <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         function Ctrl($scope) {
           $scope.names = ['igor', 'misko', 'vojta'];
         }
       </script>
       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
         List: <input name="namesInput" ng-model="names" ng-list required>
         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.namesInput.$error.required">
           Required!</span>
         <br>
         <tt>names = {{names}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.namesInput.$valid = {{myForm.namesInput.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.namesInput.$error = {{myForm.namesInput.$error}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
        </form>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        var listInput = element(by.model('names'));
        var names = element(by.binding('{{names}}'));
        var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.namesInput.$valid'));
        var error = element(by.css('span.error'));

        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          expect(names.getText()).toContain('["igor","misko","vojta"]');
          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
          expect(error.getCssValue('display')).toBe('none');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
          listInput.clear();
          listInput.sendKeys('');

          expect(names.getText()).toContain('');
          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          expect(error.getCssValue('display')).not.toBe('none');        });
      </file>
    </example>
 */
var ngListDirective = function() {
  return {
    require: 'ngModel',
    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
      var match = /\/(.*)\//.exec(attr.ngList),
          separator = match && new RegExp(match[1]) || attr.ngList || ',';

      var parse = function(viewValue) {
        // If the viewValue is invalid (say required but empty) it will be `undefined`
        if (isUndefined(viewValue)) return;

        var list = [];

        if (viewValue) {
          forEach(viewValue.split(separator), function(value) {
            if (value) list.push(trim(value));
          });
        }

        return list;
      };

      ctrl.$parsers.push(parse);
      ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
        if (isArray(value)) {
          return value.join(', ');
        }

        return undefined;
      });

      // Override the standard $isEmpty because an empty array means the input is empty.
      ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
        return !value || !value.length;
      };
    }
  };
};


var CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP = /^(true|false|\d+)$/;
/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngValue
 *
 * @description
 * Binds the given expression to the value of `input[select]` or `input[radio]`, so
 * that when the element is selected, the `ngModel` of that element is set to the
 * bound value.
 *
 * `ngValue` is useful when dynamically generating lists of radio buttons using `ng-repeat`, as
 * shown below.
 *
 * @element input
 * @param {string=} ngValue angular expression, whose value will be bound to the `value` attribute
 *   of the `input` element
 *
 * @example
    <example name="ngValue-directive">
      <file name="index.html">
       <script>
          function Ctrl($scope) {
            $scope.names = ['pizza', 'unicorns', 'robots'];
            $scope.my = { favorite: 'unicorns' };
          }
       </script>
        <form ng-controller="Ctrl">
          <h2>Which is your favorite?</h2>
            <label ng-repeat="name in names" for="{{name}}">
              {{name}}
              <input type="radio"
                     ng-model="my.favorite"
                     ng-value="name"
                     id="{{name}}"
                     name="favorite">
            </label>
          <div>You chose {{my.favorite}}</div>
        </form>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        var favorite = element(by.binding('my.favorite'));

        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('unicorns');
        });
        it('should bind the values to the inputs', function() {
          element.all(by.model('my.favorite')).get(0).click();
          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('pizza');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 */
var ngValueDirective = function() {
  return {
    priority: 100,
    compile: function(tpl, tplAttr) {
      if (CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP.test(tplAttr.ngValue)) {
        return function ngValueConstantLink(scope, elm, attr) {
          attr.$set('value', scope.$eval(attr.ngValue));
        };
      } else {
        return function ngValueLink(scope, elm, attr) {
          scope.$watch(attr.ngValue, function valueWatchAction(value) {
            attr.$set('value', value);
          });
        };
      }
    }
  };
};

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngBind
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngBind` attribute tells Angular to replace the text content of the specified HTML element
 * with the value of a given expression, and to update the text content when the value of that
 * expression changes.
 *
 * Typically, you don't use `ngBind` directly, but instead you use the double curly markup like
 * `{{ expression }}` which is similar but less verbose.
 *
 * It is preferable to use `ngBind` instead of `{{ expression }}` when a template is momentarily
 * displayed by the browser in its raw state before Angular compiles it. Since `ngBind` is an
 * element attribute, it makes the bindings invisible to the user while the page is loading.
 *
 * An alternative solution to this problem would be using the
 * {@link ng.directive:ngCloak ngCloak} directive.
 *
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngBind {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
 *
 * @example
 * Enter a name in the Live Preview text box; the greeting below the text box changes instantly.
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         function Ctrl($scope) {
           $scope.name = 'Whirled';
         }
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
         Enter name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"><br>
         Hello <span ng-bind="name"></span>!
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));

         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('Whirled');
         nameInput.clear();
         nameInput.sendKeys('world');
         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('world');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngBindDirective = ngDirective({
  compile: function(templateElement) {
    templateElement.addClass('ng-binding');
    return function (scope, element, attr) {
      element.data('$binding', attr.ngBind);
      scope.$watch(attr.ngBind, function ngBindWatchAction(value) {
        // We are purposefully using == here rather than === because we want to
        // catch when value is "null or undefined"
        // jshint -W041
        element.text(value == undefined ? '' : value);
      });
    };
  }
});


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngBindTemplate
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngBindTemplate` directive specifies that the element
 * text content should be replaced with the interpolation of the template
 * in the `ngBindTemplate` attribute.
 * Unlike `ngBind`, the `ngBindTemplate` can contain multiple `{{` `}}`
 * expressions. This directive is needed since some HTML elements
 * (such as TITLE and OPTION) cannot contain SPAN elements.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {string} ngBindTemplate template of form
 *   <tt>{{</tt> <tt>expression</tt> <tt>}}</tt> to eval.
 *
 * @example
 * Try it here: enter text in text box and watch the greeting change.
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         function Ctrl($scope) {
           $scope.salutation = 'Hello';
           $scope.name = 'World';
         }
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
        Salutation: <input type="text" ng-model="salutation"><br>
        Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"><br>
        <pre ng-bind-template="{{salutation}} {{name}}!"></pre>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
         var salutationElem = element(by.binding('salutation'));
         var salutationInput = element(by.model('salutation'));
         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));

         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Hello World!');

         salutationInput.clear();
         salutationInput.sendKeys('Greetings');
         nameInput.clear();
         nameInput.sendKeys('user');

         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Greetings user!');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngBindTemplateDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
  return function(scope, element, attr) {
    // TODO: move this to scenario runner
    var interpolateFn = $interpolate(element.attr(attr.$attr.ngBindTemplate));
    element.addClass('ng-binding').data('$binding', interpolateFn);
    attr.$observe('ngBindTemplate', function(value) {
      element.text(value);
    });
  };
}];


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngBindHtml
 *
 * @description
 * Creates a binding that will innerHTML the result of evaluating the `expression` into the current
 * element in a secure way.  By default, the innerHTML-ed content will be sanitized using the {@link
 * ngSanitize.$sanitize $sanitize} service.  To utilize this functionality, ensure that `$sanitize`
 * is available, for example, by including {@link ngSanitize} in your module's dependencies (not in
 * core Angular.)  You may also bypass sanitization for values you know are safe. To do so, bind to
 * an explicitly trusted value via {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}.  See the example
 * under {@link ng.$sce#Example Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
 *
 * Note: If a `$sanitize` service is unavailable and the bound value isn't explicitly trusted, you
 * will have an exception (instead of an exploit.)
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngBindHtml {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
 *
 * @example
   Try it here: enter text in text box and watch the greeting change.

   <example module="ngBindHtmlExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="ngBindHtmlCtrl">
        <p ng-bind-html="myHTML"></p>
       </div>
     </file>

     <file name="script.js">
       angular.module('ngBindHtmlExample', ['ngSanitize'])

       .controller('ngBindHtmlCtrl', ['$scope', function ngBindHtmlCtrl($scope) {
         $scope.myHTML =
            'I am an <code>HTML</code>string with <a href="#">links!</a> and other <em>stuff</em>';
       }]);
     </file>

     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-bind-html', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding('myHTML')).getText()).toBe(
             'I am an HTMLstring with links! and other stuff');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', '$parse', function($sce, $parse) {
  return function(scope, element, attr) {
    element.addClass('ng-binding').data('$binding', attr.ngBindHtml);

    var parsed = $parse(attr.ngBindHtml);
    function getStringValue() { return (parsed(scope) || '').toString(); }

    scope.$watch(getStringValue, function ngBindHtmlWatchAction(value) {
      element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(parsed(scope)) || '');
    });
  };
}];

function classDirective(name, selector) {
  name = 'ngClass' + name;
  return ['$animate', function($animate) {
    return {
      restrict: 'AC',
      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
        var oldVal;

        scope.$watch(attr[name], ngClassWatchAction, true);

        attr.$observe('class', function(value) {
          ngClassWatchAction(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
        });


        if (name !== 'ngClass') {
          scope.$watch('$index', function($index, old$index) {
            // jshint bitwise: false
            var mod = $index & 1;
            if (mod !== (old$index & 1)) {
              var classes = arrayClasses(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
              mod === selector ?
                addClasses(classes) :
                removeClasses(classes);
            }
          });
        }

        function addClasses(classes) {
          var newClasses = digestClassCounts(classes, 1);
          attr.$addClass(newClasses);
        }

        function removeClasses(classes) {
          var newClasses = digestClassCounts(classes, -1);
          attr.$removeClass(newClasses);
        }

        function digestClassCounts (classes, count) {
          var classCounts = element.data('$classCounts') || {};
          var classesToUpdate = [];
          forEach(classes, function (className) {
            if (count > 0 || classCounts[className]) {
              classCounts[className] = (classCounts[className] || 0) + count;
              if (classCounts[className] === +(count > 0)) {
                classesToUpdate.push(className);
              }
            }
          });
          element.data('$classCounts', classCounts);
          return classesToUpdate.join(' ');
        }

        function updateClasses (oldClasses, newClasses) {
          var toAdd = arrayDifference(newClasses, oldClasses);
          var toRemove = arrayDifference(oldClasses, newClasses);
          toRemove = digestClassCounts(toRemove, -1);
          toAdd = digestClassCounts(toAdd, 1);

          if (toAdd.length === 0) {
            $animate.removeClass(element, toRemove);
          } else if (toRemove.length === 0) {
            $animate.addClass(element, toAdd);
          } else {
            $animate.setClass(element, toAdd, toRemove);
          }
        }

        function ngClassWatchAction(newVal) {
          if (selector === true || scope.$index % 2 === selector) {
            var newClasses = arrayClasses(newVal || []);
            if (!oldVal) {
              addClasses(newClasses);
            } else if (!equals(newVal,oldVal)) {
              var oldClasses = arrayClasses(oldVal);
              updateClasses(oldClasses, newClasses);
            }
          }
          oldVal = shallowCopy(newVal);
        }
      }
    };

    function arrayDifference(tokens1, tokens2) {
      var values = [];

      outer:
      for(var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
        var token = tokens1[i];
        for(var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
          if(token == tokens2[j]) continue outer;
        }
        values.push(token);
      }
      return values;
    }

    function arrayClasses (classVal) {
      if (isArray(classVal)) {
        return classVal;
      } else if (isString(classVal)) {
        return classVal.split(' ');
      } else if (isObject(classVal)) {
        var classes = [], i = 0;
        forEach(classVal, function(v, k) {
          if (v) {
            classes = classes.concat(k.split(' '));
          }
        });
        return classes;
      }
      return classVal;
    }
  }];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngClass
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngClass` directive allows you to dynamically set CSS classes on an HTML element by databinding
 * an expression that represents all classes to be added.
 *
 * The directive operates in three different ways, depending on which of three types the expression
 * evaluates to:
 *
 * 1. If the expression evaluates to a string, the string should be one or more space-delimited class
 * names.
 *
 * 2. If the expression evaluates to an array, each element of the array should be a string that is
 * one or more space-delimited class names.
 *
 * 3. If the expression evaluates to an object, then for each key-value pair of the
 * object with a truthy value the corresponding key is used as a class name.
 *
 * The directive won't add duplicate classes if a particular class was already set.
 *
 * When the expression changes, the previously added classes are removed and only then the
 * new classes are added.
 *
 * @animations
 * add - happens just before the class is applied to the element
 * remove - happens just before the class is removed from the element
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngClass {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
 *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class
 *   names, an array, or a map of class names to boolean values. In the case of a map, the
 *   names of the properties whose values are truthy will be added as css classes to the
 *   element.
 *
 * @example Example that demonstrates basic bindings via ngClass directive.
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <p ng-class="{strike: deleted, bold: important, red: error}">Map Syntax Example</p>
       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="deleted"> deleted (apply "strike" class)<br>
       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="important"> important (apply "bold" class)<br>
       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="error"> error (apply "red" class)
       <hr>
       <p ng-class="style">Using String Syntax</p>
       <input type="text" ng-model="style" placeholder="Type: bold strike red">
       <hr>
       <p ng-class="[style1, style2, style3]">Using Array Syntax</p>
       <input ng-model="style1" placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
       <input ng-model="style2" placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
       <input ng-model="style3" placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       .strike {
         text-decoration: line-through;
       }
       .bold {
           font-weight: bold;
       }
       .red {
           color: red;
       }
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       var ps = element.all(by.css('p'));

       it('should let you toggle the class', function() {

         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/bold/);
         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/red/);

         element(by.model('important')).click();
         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/bold/);

         element(by.model('error')).click();
         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/red/);
       });

       it('should let you toggle string example', function() {
         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
         element(by.model('style')).clear();
         element(by.model('style')).sendKeys('red');
         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('red');
       });

       it('array example should have 3 classes', function() {
         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
         element(by.model('style1')).sendKeys('bold');
         element(by.model('style2')).sendKeys('strike');
         element(by.model('style3')).sendKeys('red');
         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('bold strike red');
       });
     </file>
   </example>

   ## Animations

   The example below demonstrates how to perform animations using ngClass.

   <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
     <file name="index.html">
      <input id="setbtn" type="button" value="set" ng-click="myVar='my-class'">
      <input id="clearbtn" type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myVar=''">
      <br>
      <span class="base-class" ng-class="myVar">Sample Text</span>
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       .base-class {
         -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
         transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
       }

       .base-class.my-class {
         color: red;
         font-size:3em;
       }
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-class', function() {
         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
           toMatch(/my-class/);

         element(by.id('setbtn')).click();

         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).
           toMatch(/my-class/);

         element(by.id('clearbtn')).click();

         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
           toMatch(/my-class/);
       });
     </file>
   </example>


   ## ngClass and pre-existing CSS3 Transitions/Animations
   The ngClass directive still supports CSS3 Transitions/Animations even if they do not follow the ngAnimate CSS naming structure.
   Upon animation ngAnimate will apply supplementary CSS classes to track the start and end of an animation, but this will not hinder
   any pre-existing CSS transitions already on the element. To get an idea of what happens during a class-based animation, be sure
   to view the step by step details of {@link ngAnimate.$animate#addclass $animate.addClass} and
   {@link ngAnimate.$animate#removeclass $animate.removeClass}.
 */
var ngClassDirective = classDirective('', true);

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngClassOdd
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
 * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
 * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
 *
 * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
 * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngClassOdd {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
 *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
             {{name}}
           </span>
          </li>
        </ol>
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       .odd {
         color: red;
       }
       .even {
         color: blue;
       }
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
           toMatch(/odd/);
         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
           toMatch(/even/);
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngClassOddDirective = classDirective('Odd', 0);

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngClassEven
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
 * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
 * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
 *
 * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
 * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngClassEven {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The
 *   result of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
             {{name}} &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
           </span>
          </li>
        </ol>
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       .odd {
         color: red;
       }
       .even {
         color: blue;
       }
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
           toMatch(/odd/);
         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
           toMatch(/even/);
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngClassEvenDirective = classDirective('Even', 1);

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngCloak
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngCloak` directive is used to prevent the Angular html template from being briefly
 * displayed by the browser in its raw (uncompiled) form while your application is loading. Use this
 * directive to avoid the undesirable flicker effect caused by the html template display.
 *
 * The directive can be applied to the `<body>` element, but the preferred usage is to apply
 * multiple `ngCloak` directives to small portions of the page to permit progressive rendering
 * of the browser view.
 *
 * `ngCloak` works in cooperation with the following css rule embedded within `angular.js` and
 * `angular.min.js`.
 * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
 *
 * ```css
 * [ng\:cloak], [ng-cloak], [data-ng-cloak], [x-ng-cloak], .ng-cloak, .x-ng-cloak {
 *   display: none !important;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * When this css rule is loaded by the browser, all html elements (including their children) that
 * are tagged with the `ngCloak` directive are hidden. When Angular encounters this directive
 * during the compilation of the template it deletes the `ngCloak` element attribute, making
 * the compiled element visible.
 *
 * For the best result, the `angular.js` script must be loaded in the head section of the html
 * document; alternatively, the css rule above must be included in the external stylesheet of the
 * application.
 *
 * Legacy browsers, like IE7, do not provide attribute selector support (added in CSS 2.1) so they
 * cannot match the `[ng\:cloak]` selector. To work around this limitation, you must add the css
 * class `ng-cloak` in addition to the `ngCloak` directive as shown in the example below.
 *
 * @element ANY
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
        <div id="template1" ng-cloak>{{ 'hello' }}</div>
        <div id="template2" ng-cloak class="ng-cloak">{{ 'hello IE7' }}</div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should remove the template directive and css class', function() {
         expect($('#template1').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
           toBeNull();
         expect($('#template2').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
           toBeNull();
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 *
 */
var ngCloakDirective = ngDirective({
  compile: function(element, attr) {
    attr.$set('ngCloak', undefined);
    element.removeClass('ng-cloak');
  }
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngController
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngController` directive attaches a controller class to the view. This is a key aspect of how angular
 * supports the principles behind the Model-View-Controller design pattern.
 *
 * MVC components in angular:
 *
 * * Model — Models are the properties of a scope; scopes are attached to the DOM where scope properties
 *   are accessed through bindings.
 * * View — The template (HTML with data bindings) that is rendered into the View.
 * * Controller — The `ngController` directive specifies a Controller class; the class contains business
 *   logic behind the application to decorate the scope with functions and values
 *
 * Note that you can also attach controllers to the DOM by declaring it in a route definition
 * via the {@link ngRoute.$route $route} service. A common mistake is to declare the controller
 * again using `ng-controller` in the template itself.  This will cause the controller to be attached
 * and executed twice.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @scope
 * @param {expression} ngController Name of a globally accessible constructor function or an
 *     {@link guide/expression expression} that on the current scope evaluates to a
 *     constructor function. The controller instance can be published into a scope property
 *     by specifying `as propertyName`.
 *
 * @example
 * Here is a simple form for editing user contact information. Adding, removing, clearing, and
 * greeting are methods declared on the controller (see source tab). These methods can
 * easily be called from the angular markup. Any changes to the data are automatically reflected
 * in the View without the need for a manual update.
 *
 * Two different declaration styles are included below:
 *
 * * one binds methods and properties directly onto the controller using `this`:
 * `ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings"`
 * * one injects `$scope` into the controller:
 * `ng-controller="SettingsController2"`
 *
 * The second option is more common in the Angular community, and is generally used in boilerplates
 * and in this guide. However, there are advantages to binding properties directly to the controller
 * and avoiding scope.
 *
 * * Using `controller as` makes it obvious which controller you are accessing in the template when
 * multiple controllers apply to an element.
 * * If you are writing your controllers as classes you have easier access to the properties and
 * methods, which will appear on the scope, from inside the controller code.
 * * Since there is always a `.` in the bindings, you don't have to worry about prototypal
 * inheritance masking primitives.
 *
 * This example demonstrates the `controller as` syntax.
 *
 * <example name="ngControllerAs">
 *   <file name="index.html">
 *    <div id="ctrl-as-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings">
 *      Name: <input type="text" ng-model="settings.name"/>
 *      [ <a href="" ng-click="settings.greet()">greet</a> ]<br/>
 *      Contact:
 *      <ul>
 *        <li ng-repeat="contact in settings.contacts">
 *          <select ng-model="contact.type">
 *             <option>phone</option>
 *             <option>email</option>
 *          </select>
 *          <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value"/>
 *          [ <a href="" ng-click="settings.clearContact(contact)">clear</a>
 *          | <a href="" ng-click="settings.removeContact(contact)">X</a> ]
 *        </li>
 *        <li>[ <a href="" ng-click="settings.addContact()">add</a> ]</li>
 *     </ul>
 *    </div>
 *   </file>
 *   <file name="app.js">
 *    function SettingsController1() {
 *      this.name = "John Smith";
 *      this.contacts = [
 *        {type: 'phone', value: '408 555 1212'},
 *        {type: 'email', value: 'john.smith@example.org'} ];
 *    }
 *
 *    SettingsController1.prototype.greet = function() {
 *      alert(this.name);
 *    };
 *
 *    SettingsController1.prototype.addContact = function() {
 *      this.contacts.push({type: 'email', value: 'yourname@example.org'});
 *    };
 *
 *    SettingsController1.prototype.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
 *     var index = this.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
 *      this.contacts.splice(index, 1);
 *    };
 *
 *    SettingsController1.prototype.clearContact = function(contact) {
 *      contact.type = 'phone';
 *      contact.value = '';
 *    };
 *   </file>
 *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
 *     it('should check controller as', function() {
 *       var container = element(by.id('ctrl-as-exmpl'));
 *         expect(container.findElement(by.model('settings.name'))
 *           .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
 *
 *       var firstRepeat =
 *           container.findElement(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(0));
 *       var secondRepeat =
 *           container.findElement(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(1));
 *
 *       expect(firstRepeat.findElement(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
 *           .toBe('408 555 1212');
 *
 *       expect(secondRepeat.findElement(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
 *           .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
 *
 *       firstRepeat.findElement(by.linkText('clear')).click();
 *
 *       expect(firstRepeat.findElement(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
 *           .toBe('');
 *
 *       container.findElement(by.linkText('add')).click();
 *
 *       expect(container.findElement(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(2))
 *           .findElement(by.model('contact.value'))
 *           .getAttribute('value'))
 *           .toBe('yourname@example.org');
 *     });
 *   </file>
 * </example>
 *
 * This example demonstrates the "attach to `$scope`" style of controller.
 *
 * <example name="ngController">
 *  <file name="index.html">
 *   <div id="ctrl-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController2">
 *     Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"/>
 *     [ <a href="" ng-click="greet()">greet</a> ]<br/>
 *     Contact:
 *     <ul>
 *       <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
 *         <select ng-model="contact.type">
 *            <option>phone</option>
 *            <option>email</option>
 *         </select>
 *         <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value"/>
 *         [ <a href="" ng-click="clearContact(contact)">clear</a>
 *         | <a href="" ng-click="removeContact(contact)">X</a> ]
 *       </li>
 *       <li>[ <a href="" ng-click="addContact()">add</a> ]</li>
 *    </ul>
 *   </div>
 *  </file>
 *  <file name="app.js">
 *   function SettingsController2($scope) {
 *     $scope.name = "John Smith";
 *     $scope.contacts = [
 *       {type:'phone', value:'408 555 1212'},
 *       {type:'email', value:'john.smith@example.org'} ];
 *
 *     $scope.greet = function() {
 *       alert($scope.name);
 *     };
 *
 *     $scope.addContact = function() {
 *       $scope.contacts.push({type:'email', value:'yourname@example.org'});
 *     };
 *
 *     $scope.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
 *       var index = $scope.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
 *       $scope.contacts.splice(index, 1);
 *     };
 *
 *     $scope.clearContact = function(contact) {
 *       contact.type = 'phone';
 *       contact.value = '';
 *     };
 *   }
 *  </file>
 *  <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
 *    it('should check controller', function() {
 *      var container = element(by.id('ctrl-exmpl'));
 *
 *      expect(container.findElement(by.model('name'))
 *          .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
 *
 *      var firstRepeat =
 *          container.findElement(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(0));
 *      var secondRepeat =
 *          container.findElement(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(1));
 *
 *      expect(firstRepeat.findElement(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
 *          .toBe('408 555 1212');
 *      expect(secondRepeat.findElement(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
 *          .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
 *
 *      firstRepeat.findElement(by.linkText('clear')).click();
 *
 *      expect(firstRepeat.findElement(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
 *          .toBe('');
 *
 *      container.findElement(by.linkText('add')).click();
 *
 *      expect(container.findElement(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(2))
 *          .findElement(by.model('contact.value'))
 *          .getAttribute('value'))
 *          .toBe('yourname@example.org');
 *    });
 *  </file>
 *</example>

 */
var ngControllerDirective = [function() {
  return {
    scope: true,
    controller: '@',
    priority: 500
  };
}];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngCsp
 *
 * @element html
 * @description
 * Enables [CSP (Content Security Policy)](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Security/CSP) support.
 *
 * This is necessary when developing things like Google Chrome Extensions.
 *
 * CSP forbids apps to use `eval` or `Function(string)` generated functions (among other things).
 * For us to be compatible, we just need to implement the "getterFn" in $parse without violating
 * any of these restrictions.
 *
 * AngularJS uses `Function(string)` generated functions as a speed optimization. Applying the `ngCsp`
 * directive will cause Angular to use CSP compatibility mode. When this mode is on AngularJS will
 * evaluate all expressions up to 30% slower than in non-CSP mode, but no security violations will
 * be raised.
 *
 * CSP forbids JavaScript to inline stylesheet rules. In non CSP mode Angular automatically
 * includes some CSS rules (e.g. {@link ng.directive:ngCloak ngCloak}).
 * To make those directives work in CSP mode, include the `angular-csp.css` manually.
 *
 * In order to use this feature put the `ngCsp` directive on the root element of the application.
 *
 * *Note: This directive is only available in the `ng-csp` and `data-ng-csp` attribute form.*
 *
 * @example
 * This example shows how to apply the `ngCsp` directive to the `html` tag.
   ```html
     <!doctype html>
     <html ng-app ng-csp>
     ...
     ...
     </html>
   ```
 */

// ngCsp is not implemented as a proper directive any more, because we need it be processed while we bootstrap
// the system (before $parse is instantiated), for this reason we just have a csp() fn that looks for ng-csp attribute
// anywhere in the current doc

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngClick
 *
 * @description
 * The ngClick directive allows you to specify custom behavior when
 * an element is clicked.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngClick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * click. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-click="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-click', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('0');
         element(by.css('button')).click();
         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('1');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
/*
 * A directive that allows creation of custom onclick handlers that are defined as angular
 * expressions and are compiled and executed within the current scope.
 *
 * Events that are handled via these handler are always configured not to propagate further.
 */
var ngEventDirectives = {};
forEach(
  'click dblclick mousedown mouseup mouseover mouseout mousemove mouseenter mouseleave keydown keyup keypress submit focus blur copy cut paste'.split(' '),
  function(name) {
    var directiveName = directiveNormalize('ng-' + name);
    ngEventDirectives[directiveName] = ['$parse', function($parse) {
      return {
        compile: function($element, attr) {
          var fn = $parse(attr[directiveName]);
          return function ngEventHandler(scope, element) {
            element.on(lowercase(name), function(event) {
              scope.$apply(function() {
                fn(scope, {$event:event});
              });
            });
          };
        }
      };
    }];
  }
);

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngDblclick
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngDblclick` directive allows you to specify custom behavior on a dblclick event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngDblclick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * a dblclick. (The Event object is available as `$event`)
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-dblclick="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (on double click)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngMousedown
 *
 * @description
 * The ngMousedown directive allows you to specify custom behavior on mousedown event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngMousedown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * mousedown. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-mousedown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (on mouse down)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngMouseup
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on mouseup event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngMouseup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * mouseup. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-mouseup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (on mouse up)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngMouseover
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on mouseover event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngMouseover {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * mouseover. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-mouseover="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (when mouse is over)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngMouseenter
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on mouseenter event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngMouseenter {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * mouseenter. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-mouseenter="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (when mouse enters)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngMouseleave
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on mouseleave event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngMouseleave {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * mouseleave. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-mouseleave="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (when mouse leaves)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngMousemove
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on mousemove event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngMousemove {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * mousemove. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-mousemove="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (when mouse moves)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngKeydown
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on keydown event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngKeydown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * keydown. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <input ng-keydown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
      key down count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngKeyup
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on keyup event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngKeyup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * keyup. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the key count</p>
       <input ng-keyup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0"> key up count: {{count}}

       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the keycode</p>
       <input ng-keyup="event=$event">
       <p>event keyCode: {{ event.keyCode }}</p>
       <p>event altKey: {{ event.altKey }}</p>
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngKeypress
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on keypress event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngKeypress {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * keypress. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`}
 * and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <input ng-keypress="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
      key press count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngSubmit
 *
 * @description
 * Enables binding angular expressions to onsubmit events.
 *
 * Additionally it prevents the default action (which for form means sending the request to the
 * server and reloading the current page), but only if the form does not contain `action`,
 * `data-action`, or `x-action` attributes.
 *
 * @element form
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngSubmit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
 * ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <script>
        function Ctrl($scope) {
          $scope.list = [];
          $scope.text = 'hello';
          $scope.submit = function() {
            if ($scope.text) {
              $scope.list.push(this.text);
              $scope.text = '';
            }
          };
        }
      </script>
      <form ng-submit="submit()" ng-controller="Ctrl">
        Enter text and hit enter:
        <input type="text" ng-model="text" name="text" />
        <input type="submit" id="submit" value="Submit" />
        <pre>list={{list}}</pre>
      </form>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-submit', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
         expect(element(by.input('text')).getAttribute('value')).toBe('');
       });
       it('should ignore empty strings', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
        });
     </file>
   </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngFocus
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on focus event.
 *
 * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngFocus {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * focus. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
 * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngBlur
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on blur event.
 *
 * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngBlur {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * blur. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
 * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngCopy
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on copy event.
 *
 * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngCopy {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * copy. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <input ng-copy="copied=true" ng-init="copied=false; value='copy me'" ng-model="value">
      copied: {{copied}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngCut
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on cut event.
 *
 * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngCut {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * cut. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <input ng-cut="cut=true" ng-init="cut=false; value='cut me'" ng-model="value">
      cut: {{cut}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngPaste
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on paste event.
 *
 * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngPaste {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * paste. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <input ng-paste="paste=true" ng-init="paste=false" placeholder='paste here'>
      pasted: {{paste}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngIf
 * @restrict A
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngIf` directive removes or recreates a portion of the DOM tree based on an
 * {expression}. If the expression assigned to `ngIf` evaluates to a false
 * value then the element is removed from the DOM, otherwise a clone of the
 * element is reinserted into the DOM.
 *
 * `ngIf` differs from `ngShow` and `ngHide` in that `ngIf` completely removes and recreates the
 * element in the DOM rather than changing its visibility via the `display` css property.  A common
 * case when this difference is significant is when using css selectors that rely on an element's
 * position within the DOM, such as the `:first-child` or `:last-child` pseudo-classes.
 *
 * Note that when an element is removed using `ngIf` its scope is destroyed and a new scope
 * is created when the element is restored.  The scope created within `ngIf` inherits from
 * its parent scope using
 * [prototypal inheritance](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/The-Nuances-of-Scope-Prototypal-Inheritance).
 * An important implication of this is if `ngModel` is used within `ngIf` to bind to
 * a javascript primitive defined in the parent scope. In this case any modifications made to the
 * variable within the child scope will override (hide) the value in the parent scope.
 *
 * Also, `ngIf` recreates elements using their compiled state. An example of this behavior
 * is if an element's class attribute is directly modified after it's compiled, using something like
 * jQuery's `.addClass()` method, and the element is later removed. When `ngIf` recreates the element
 * the added class will be lost because the original compiled state is used to regenerate the element.
 *
 * Additionally, you can provide animations via the `ngAnimate` module to animate the `enter`
 * and `leave` effects.
 *
 * @animations
 * enter - happens just after the ngIf contents change and a new DOM element is created and injected into the ngIf container
 * leave - happens just before the ngIf contents are removed from the DOM
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @scope
 * @priority 600
 * @param {expression} ngIf If the {@link guide/expression expression} is falsy then
 *     the element is removed from the DOM tree. If it is truthy a copy of the compiled
 *     element is added to the DOM tree.
 *
 * @example
  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
    <file name="index.html">
      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" ng-init="checked=true" /><br/>
      Show when checked:
      <span ng-if="checked" class="animate-if">
        I'm removed when the checkbox is unchecked.
      </span>
    </file>
    <file name="animations.css">
      .animate-if {
        background:white;
        border:1px solid black;
        padding:10px;
      }

      .animate-if.ng-enter, .animate-if.ng-leave {
        -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
      }

      .animate-if.ng-enter,
      .animate-if.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
        opacity:0;
      }

      .animate-if.ng-leave,
      .animate-if.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
        opacity:1;
      }
    </file>
  </example>
 */
var ngIfDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  return {
    transclude: 'element',
    priority: 600,
    terminal: true,
    restrict: 'A',
    $$tlb: true,
    link: function ($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
        var block, childScope, previousElements;
        $scope.$watch($attr.ngIf, function ngIfWatchAction(value) {

          if (toBoolean(value)) {
            if (!childScope) {
              childScope = $scope.$new();
              $transclude(childScope, function (clone) {
                clone[clone.length++] = document.createComment(' end ngIf: ' + $attr.ngIf + ' ');
                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
                block = {
                  clone: clone
                };
                $animate.enter(clone, $element.parent(), $element);
              });
            }
          } else {
            if(previousElements) {
              previousElements.remove();
              previousElements = null;
            }
            if(childScope) {
              childScope.$destroy();
              childScope = null;
            }
            if(block) {
              previousElements = getBlockElements(block.clone);
              $animate.leave(previousElements, function() {
                previousElements = null;
              });
              block = null;
            }
          }
        });
    }
  };
}];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngInclude
 * @restrict ECA
 *
 * @description
 * Fetches, compiles and includes an external HTML fragment.
 *
 * By default, the template URL is restricted to the same domain and protocol as the
 * application document. This is done by calling {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
 * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on it. To load templates from other domains or protocols
 * you may either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist them} or
 * [wrap them](ng.$sce#trustAsResourceUrl) as trusted values. Refer to Angular's {@link
 * ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping}.
 *
 * In addition, the browser's
 * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
 * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
 * policy may further restrict whether the template is successfully loaded.
 * For example, `ngInclude` won't work for cross-domain requests on all browsers and for `file://`
 * access on some browsers.
 *
 * @animations
 * enter - animation is used to bring new content into the browser.
 * leave - animation is used to animate existing content away.
 *
 * The enter and leave animation occur concurrently.
 *
 * @scope
 * @priority 400
 *
 * @param {string} ngInclude|src angular expression evaluating to URL. If the source is a string constant,
 *                 make sure you wrap it in **single** quotes, e.g. `src="'myPartialTemplate.html'"`.
 * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate when a new partial is loaded.
 *
 * @param {string=} autoscroll Whether `ngInclude` should call {@link ng.$anchorScroll
 *                  $anchorScroll} to scroll the viewport after the content is loaded.
 *
 *                  - If the attribute is not set, disable scrolling.
 *                  - If the attribute is set without value, enable scrolling.
 *                  - Otherwise enable scrolling only if the expression evaluates to truthy value.
 *
 * @example
  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
    <file name="index.html">
     <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
       <select ng-model="template" ng-options="t.name for t in templates">
        <option value="">(blank)</option>
       </select>
       url of the template: <tt>{{template.url}}</tt>
       <hr/>
       <div class="slide-animate-container">
         <div class="slide-animate" ng-include="template.url"></div>
       </div>
     </div>
    </file>
    <file name="script.js">
      function Ctrl($scope) {
        $scope.templates =
          [ { name: 'template1.html', url: 'template1.html'},
            { name: 'template2.html', url: 'template2.html'} ];
        $scope.template = $scope.templates[0];
      }
     </file>
    <file name="template1.html">
      Content of template1.html
    </file>
    <file name="template2.html">
      Content of template2.html
    </file>
    <file name="animations.css">
      .slide-animate-container {
        position:relative;
        background:white;
        border:1px solid black;
        height:40px;
        overflow:hidden;
      }

      .slide-animate {
        padding:10px;
      }

      .slide-animate.ng-enter, .slide-animate.ng-leave {
        -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;

        position:absolute;
        top:0;
        left:0;
        right:0;
        bottom:0;
        display:block;
        padding:10px;
      }

      .slide-animate.ng-enter {
        top:-50px;
      }
      .slide-animate.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
        top:0;
      }

      .slide-animate.ng-leave {
        top:0;
      }
      .slide-animate.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
        top:50px;
      }
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var templateSelect = element(by.model('template'));
      var includeElem = element(by.css('[ng-include]'));

      it('should load template1.html', function() {
        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template1.html/);
      });

      it('should load template2.html', function() {
        if (browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
          // Firefox can't handle using selects
          // See https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/480
          return;
        }
        templateSelect.click();
        templateSelect.element.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template2.html/);
      });

      it('should change to blank', function() {
        if (browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
          // Firefox can't handle using selects
          return;
        }
        templateSelect.click();
        templateSelect.element.all(by.css('option')).get(0).click();
        expect(includeElem.isPresent()).toBe(false);
      });
    </file>
  </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc event
 * @name ngInclude#$includeContentRequested
 * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
 * @description
 * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is requested.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc event
 * @name ngInclude#$includeContentLoaded
 * @eventType emit on the current ngInclude scope
 * @description
 * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is reloaded.
 */
var ngIncludeDirective = ['$http', '$templateCache', '$anchorScroll', '$animate', '$sce',
                  function($http,   $templateCache,   $anchorScroll,   $animate,   $sce) {
  return {
    restrict: 'ECA',
    priority: 400,
    terminal: true,
    transclude: 'element',
    controller: angular.noop,
    compile: function(element, attr) {
      var srcExp = attr.ngInclude || attr.src,
          onloadExp = attr.onload || '',
          autoScrollExp = attr.autoscroll;

      return function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
        var changeCounter = 0,
            currentScope,
            previousElement,
            currentElement;

        var cleanupLastIncludeContent = function() {
          if(previousElement) {
            previousElement.remove();
            previousElement = null;
          }
          if(currentScope) {
            currentScope.$destroy();
            currentScope = null;
          }
          if(currentElement) {
            $animate.leave(currentElement, function() {
              previousElement = null;
            });
            previousElement = currentElement;
            currentElement = null;
          }
        };

        scope.$watch($sce.parseAsResourceUrl(srcExp), function ngIncludeWatchAction(src) {
          var afterAnimation = function() {
            if (isDefined(autoScrollExp) && (!autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp))) {
              $anchorScroll();
            }
          };
          var thisChangeId = ++changeCounter;

          if (src) {
            $http.get(src, {cache: $templateCache}).success(function(response) {
              if (thisChangeId !== changeCounter) return;
              var newScope = scope.$new();
              ctrl.template = response;

              // Note: This will also link all children of ng-include that were contained in the original
              // html. If that content contains controllers, ... they could pollute/change the scope.
              // However, using ng-include on an element with additional content does not make sense...
              // Note: We can't remove them in the cloneAttchFn of $transclude as that
              // function is called before linking the content, which would apply child
              // directives to non existing elements.
              var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
                $animate.enter(clone, null, $element, afterAnimation);
              });

              currentScope = newScope;
              currentElement = clone;

              currentScope.$emit('$includeContentLoaded');
              scope.$eval(onloadExp);
            }).error(function() {
              if (thisChangeId === changeCounter) cleanupLastIncludeContent();
            });
            scope.$emit('$includeContentRequested');
          } else {
            cleanupLastIncludeContent();
            ctrl.template = null;
          }
        });
      };
    }
  };
}];

// This directive is called during the $transclude call of the first `ngInclude` directive.
// It will replace and compile the content of the element with the loaded template.
// We need this directive so that the element content is already filled when
// the link function of another directive on the same element as ngInclude
// is called.
var ngIncludeFillContentDirective = ['$compile',
  function($compile) {
    return {
      restrict: 'ECA',
      priority: -400,
      require: 'ngInclude',
      link: function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl) {
        $element.html(ctrl.template);
        $compile($element.contents())(scope);
      }
    };
  }];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngInit
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngInit` directive allows you to evaluate an expression in the
 * current scope.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-error">
 * The only appropriate use of `ngInit` is for aliasing special properties of
 * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as seen in the demo below. Besides this case, you
 * should use {@link guide/controller controllers} rather than `ngInit`
 * to initialize values on a scope.
 * </div>
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note**: If you have assignment in `ngInit` along with {@link ng.$filter `$filter`}, make
 * sure you have parenthesis for correct precedence:
 * <pre class="prettyprint">
 *   <div ng-init="test1 = (data | orderBy:'name')"></div>
 * </pre>
 * </div>
 *
 * @priority 450
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngInit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
   <script>
     function Ctrl($scope) {
       $scope.list = [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']];
     }
   </script>
   <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
     <div ng-repeat="innerList in list" ng-init="outerIndex = $index">
       <div ng-repeat="value in innerList" ng-init="innerIndex = $index">
          <span class="example-init">list[ {{outerIndex}} ][ {{innerIndex}} ] = {{value}};</span>
       </div>
     </div>
   </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should alias index positions', function() {
         var elements = element.all(by.css('.example-init'));
         expect(elements.get(0).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 0 ] = a;');
         expect(elements.get(1).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 1 ] = b;');
         expect(elements.get(2).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 0 ] = c;');
         expect(elements.get(3).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 1 ] = d;');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngInitDirective = ngDirective({
  priority: 450,
  compile: function() {
    return {
      pre: function(scope, element, attrs) {
        scope.$eval(attrs.ngInit);
      }
    };
  }
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngNonBindable
 * @restrict AC
 * @priority 1000
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngNonBindable` directive tells Angular not to compile or bind the contents of the current
 * DOM element. This is useful if the element contains what appears to be Angular directives and
 * bindings but which should be ignored by Angular. This could be the case if you have a site that
 * displays snippets of code, for instance.
 *
 * @element ANY
 *
 * @example
 * In this example there are two locations where a simple interpolation binding (`{{}}`) is present,
 * but the one wrapped in `ngNonBindable` is left alone.
 *
 * @example
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        <div>Normal: {{1 + 2}}</div>
        <div ng-non-bindable>Ignored: {{1 + 2}}</div>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-non-bindable', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding('1 + 2')).getText()).toContain('3');
         expect(element.all(by.css('div')).last().getText()).toMatch(/1 \+ 2/);
       });
      </file>
    </example>
 */
var ngNonBindableDirective = ngDirective({ terminal: true, priority: 1000 });

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngPluralize
 * @restrict EA
 *
 * @description
 * `ngPluralize` is a directive that displays messages according to en-US localization rules.
 * These rules are bundled with angular.js, but can be overridden
 * (see {@link guide/i18n Angular i18n} dev guide). You configure ngPluralize directive
 * by specifying the mappings between
 * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
 * and the strings to be displayed.
 *
 * # Plural categories and explicit number rules
 * There are two
 * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
 * in Angular's default en-US locale: "one" and "other".
 *
 * While a plural category may match many numbers (for example, in en-US locale, "other" can match
 * any number that is not 1), an explicit number rule can only match one number. For example, the
 * explicit number rule for "3" matches the number 3. There are examples of plural categories
 * and explicit number rules throughout the rest of this documentation.
 *
 * # Configuring ngPluralize
 * You configure ngPluralize by providing 2 attributes: `count` and `when`.
 * You can also provide an optional attribute, `offset`.
 *
 * The value of the `count` attribute can be either a string or an {@link guide/expression
 * Angular expression}; these are evaluated on the current scope for its bound value.
 *
 * The `when` attribute specifies the mappings between plural categories and the actual
 * string to be displayed. The value of the attribute should be a JSON object.
 *
 * The following example shows how to configure ngPluralize:
 *
 * ```html
 * <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
                 when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
 *                      'one': '1 person is viewing.',
 *                      'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
 * </ng-pluralize>
 *```
 *
 * In the example, `"0: Nobody is viewing."` is an explicit number rule. If you did not
 * specify this rule, 0 would be matched to the "other" category and "0 people are viewing"
 * would be shown instead of "Nobody is viewing". You can specify an explicit number rule for
 * other numbers, for example 12, so that instead of showing "12 people are viewing", you can
 * show "a dozen people are viewing".
 *
 * You can use a set of closed braces (`{}`) as a placeholder for the number that you want substituted
 * into pluralized strings. In the previous example, Angular will replace `{}` with
 * <span ng-non-bindable>`{{personCount}}`</span>. The closed braces `{}` is a placeholder
 * for <span ng-non-bindable>{{numberExpression}}</span>.
 *
 * # Configuring ngPluralize with offset
 * The `offset` attribute allows further customization of pluralized text, which can result in
 * a better user experience. For example, instead of the message "4 people are viewing this document",
 * you might display "John, Kate and 2 others are viewing this document".
 * The offset attribute allows you to offset a number by any desired value.
 * Let's take a look at an example:
 *
 * ```html
 * <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
 *               when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
 *                      '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
 *                      '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
 *                      'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
 *                      'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
 * </ng-pluralize>
 * ```
 *
 * Notice that we are still using two plural categories(one, other), but we added
 * three explicit number rules 0, 1 and 2.
 * When one person, perhaps John, views the document, "John is viewing" will be shown.
 * When three people view the document, no explicit number rule is found, so
 * an offset of 2 is taken off 3, and Angular uses 1 to decide the plural category.
 * In this case, plural category 'one' is matched and "John, Mary and one other person are viewing"
 * is shown.
 *
 * Note that when you specify offsets, you must provide explicit number rules for
 * numbers from 0 up to and including the offset. If you use an offset of 3, for example,
 * you must provide explicit number rules for 0, 1, 2 and 3. You must also provide plural strings for
 * plural categories "one" and "other".
 *
 * @param {string|expression} count The variable to be bound to.
 * @param {string} when The mapping between plural category to its corresponding strings.
 * @param {number=} offset Offset to deduct from the total number.
 *
 * @example
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        <script>
          function Ctrl($scope) {
            $scope.person1 = 'Igor';
            $scope.person2 = 'Misko';
            $scope.personCount = 1;
          }
        </script>
        <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
          Person 1:<input type="text" ng-model="person1" value="Igor" /><br/>
          Person 2:<input type="text" ng-model="person2" value="Misko" /><br/>
          Number of People:<input type="text" ng-model="personCount" value="1" /><br/>

          <!--- Example with simple pluralization rules for en locale --->
          Without Offset:
          <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
                               'one': '1 person is viewing.',
                               'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
          </ng-pluralize><br>

          <!--- Example with offset --->
          With Offset(2):
          <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
                               '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
                               '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
                               'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
                               'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
          </ng-pluralize>
        </div>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should show correct pluralized string', function() {
          var withoutOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(0);
          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
          var countInput = element(by.model('personCount'));

          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('1 person is viewing.');
          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor is viewing.');

          countInput.clear();
          countInput.sendKeys('0');

          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');
          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');

          countInput.clear();
          countInput.sendKeys('2');

          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('2 people are viewing.');
          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor and Misko are viewing.');

          countInput.clear();
          countInput.sendKeys('3');

          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('3 people are viewing.');
          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and one other person are viewing.');

          countInput.clear();
          countInput.sendKeys('4');

          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('4 people are viewing.');
          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and 2 other people are viewing.');
        });
        it('should show data-bound names', function() {
          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
          var personCount = element(by.model('personCount'));
          var person1 = element(by.model('person1'));
          var person2 = element(by.model('person2'));
          personCount.clear();
          personCount.sendKeys('4');
          person1.clear();
          person1.sendKeys('Di');
          person2.clear();
          person2.sendKeys('Vojta');
          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Di, Vojta and 2 other people are viewing.');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 */
var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', function($locale, $interpolate) {
  var BRACE = /{}/g;
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
      var numberExp = attr.count,
          whenExp = attr.$attr.when && element.attr(attr.$attr.when), // we have {{}} in attrs
          offset = attr.offset || 0,
          whens = scope.$eval(whenExp) || {},
          whensExpFns = {},
          startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
          endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
          isWhen = /^when(Minus)?(.+)$/;

      forEach(attr, function(expression, attributeName) {
        if (isWhen.test(attributeName)) {
          whens[lowercase(attributeName.replace('when', '').replace('Minus', '-'))] =
            element.attr(attr.$attr[attributeName]);
        }
      });
      forEach(whens, function(expression, key) {
        whensExpFns[key] =
          $interpolate(expression.replace(BRACE, startSymbol + numberExp + '-' +
            offset + endSymbol));
      });

      scope.$watch(function ngPluralizeWatch() {
        var value = parseFloat(scope.$eval(numberExp));

        if (!isNaN(value)) {
          //if explicit number rule such as 1, 2, 3... is defined, just use it. Otherwise,
          //check it against pluralization rules in $locale service
          if (!(value in whens)) value = $locale.pluralCat(value - offset);
           return whensExpFns[value](scope, element, true);
        } else {
          return '';
        }
      }, function ngPluralizeWatchAction(newVal) {
        element.text(newVal);
      });
    }
  };
}];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngRepeat
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngRepeat` directive instantiates a template once per item from a collection. Each template
 * instance gets its own scope, where the given loop variable is set to the current collection item,
 * and `$index` is set to the item index or key.
 *
 * Special properties are exposed on the local scope of each template instance, including:
 *
 * | Variable  | Type            | Details                                                                     |
 * |-----------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 * | `$index`  | {@type number}  | iterator offset of the repeated element (0..length-1)                       |
 * | `$first`  | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is first in the iterator.                      |
 * | `$middle` | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is between the first and last in the iterator. |
 * | `$last`   | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is last in the iterator.                       |
 * | `$even`   | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is even (otherwise false).           |
 * | `$odd`    | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is odd (otherwise false).            |
 *
 * Creating aliases for these properties is possible with {@link ng.directive:ngInit `ngInit`}.
 * This may be useful when, for instance, nesting ngRepeats.
 *
 * # Special repeat start and end points
 * To repeat a series of elements instead of just one parent element, ngRepeat (as well as other ng directives) supports extending
 * the range of the repeater by defining explicit start and end points by using **ng-repeat-start** and **ng-repeat-end** respectively.
 * The **ng-repeat-start** directive works the same as **ng-repeat**, but will repeat all the HTML code (including the tag it's defined on)
 * up to and including the ending HTML tag where **ng-repeat-end** is placed.
 *
 * The example below makes use of this feature:
 * ```html
 *   <header ng-repeat-start="item in items">
 *     Header {{ item }}
 *   </header>
 *   <div class="body">
 *     Body {{ item }}
 *   </div>
 *   <footer ng-repeat-end>
 *     Footer {{ item }}
 *   </footer>
 * ```
 *
 * And with an input of {@type ['A','B']} for the items variable in the example above, the output will evaluate to:
 * ```html
 *   <header>
 *     Header A
 *   </header>
 *   <div class="body">
 *     Body A
 *   </div>
 *   <footer>
 *     Footer A
 *   </footer>
 *   <header>
 *     Header B
 *   </header>
 *   <div class="body">
 *     Body B
 *   </div>
 *   <footer>
 *     Footer B
 *   </footer>
 * ```
 *
 * The custom start and end points for ngRepeat also support all other HTML directive syntax flavors provided in AngularJS (such
 * as **data-ng-repeat-start**, **x-ng-repeat-start** and **ng:repeat-start**).
 *
 * @animations
 * **.enter** - when a new item is added to the list or when an item is revealed after a filter
 *
 * **.leave** - when an item is removed from the list or when an item is filtered out
 *
 * **.move** - when an adjacent item is filtered out causing a reorder or when the item contents are reordered
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @scope
 * @priority 1000
 * @param {repeat_expression} ngRepeat The expression indicating how to enumerate a collection. These
 *   formats are currently supported:
 *
 *   * `variable in expression` – where variable is the user defined loop variable and `expression`
 *     is a scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
 *
 *     For example: `album in artist.albums`.
 *
 *   * `(key, value) in expression` – where `key` and `value` can be any user defined identifiers,
 *     and `expression` is the scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
 *
 *     For example: `(name, age) in {'adam':10, 'amalie':12}`.
 *
 *   * `variable in expression track by tracking_expression` – You can also provide an optional tracking function
 *     which can be used to associate the objects in the collection with the DOM elements. If no tracking function
 *     is specified the ng-repeat associates elements by identity in the collection. It is an error to have
 *     more than one tracking function to resolve to the same key. (This would mean that two distinct objects are
 *     mapped to the same DOM element, which is not possible.)  Filters should be applied to the expression,
 *     before specifying a tracking expression.
 *
 *     For example: `item in items` is equivalent to `item in items track by $id(item)`. This implies that the DOM elements
 *     will be associated by item identity in the array.
 *
 *     For example: `item in items track by $id(item)`. A built in `$id()` function can be used to assign a unique
 *     `$$hashKey` property to each item in the array. This property is then used as a key to associated DOM elements
 *     with the corresponding item in the array by identity. Moving the same object in array would move the DOM
 *     element in the same way in the DOM.
 *
 *     For example: `item in items track by item.id` is a typical pattern when the items come from the database. In this
 *     case the object identity does not matter. Two objects are considered equivalent as long as their `id`
 *     property is same.
 *
 *     For example: `item in items | filter:searchText track by item.id` is a pattern that might be used to apply a filter
 *     to items in conjunction with a tracking expression.
 *
 * @example
 * This example initializes the scope to a list of names and
 * then uses `ngRepeat` to display every person:
  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
    <file name="index.html">
      <div ng-init="friends = [
        {name:'John', age:25, gender:'boy'},
        {name:'Jessie', age:30, gender:'girl'},
        {name:'Johanna', age:28, gender:'girl'},
        {name:'Joy', age:15, gender:'girl'},
        {name:'Mary', age:28, gender:'girl'},
        {name:'Peter', age:95, gender:'boy'},
        {name:'Sebastian', age:50, gender:'boy'},
        {name:'Erika', age:27, gender:'girl'},
        {name:'Patrick', age:40, gender:'boy'},
        {name:'Samantha', age:60, gender:'girl'}
      ]">
        I have {{friends.length}} friends. They are:
        <input type="search" ng-model="q" placeholder="filter friends..." />
        <ul class="example-animate-container">
          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:q">
            [{{$index + 1}}] {{friend.name}} who is {{friend.age}} years old.
          </li>
        </ul>
      </div>
    </file>
    <file name="animations.css">
      .example-animate-container {
        background:white;
        border:1px solid black;
        list-style:none;
        margin:0;
        padding:0 10px;
      }

      .animate-repeat {
        line-height:40px;
        list-style:none;
        box-sizing:border-box;
      }

      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
      .animate-repeat.ng-enter,
      .animate-repeat.ng-leave {
        -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
        transition:all linear 0.5s;
      }

      .animate-repeat.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
      .animate-repeat.ng-enter {
        opacity:0;
        max-height:0;
      }

      .animate-repeat.ng-leave,
      .animate-repeat.ng-move.ng-move-active,
      .animate-repeat.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
        opacity:1;
        max-height:40px;
      }
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var friends = element.all(by.repeater('friend in friends'));

      it('should render initial data set', function() {
        expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);
        expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] John who is 25 years old.');
        expect(friends.get(1).getText()).toEqual('[2] Jessie who is 30 years old.');
        expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[10] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
        expect(element(by.binding('friends.length')).getText())
            .toMatch("I have 10 friends. They are:");
      });

       it('should update repeater when filter predicate changes', function() {
         expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);

         element(by.model('q')).sendKeys('ma');

         expect(friends.count()).toBe(2);
         expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] Mary who is 28 years old.');
         expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[2] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
       });
      </file>
    </example>
 */
var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', function($parse, $animate) {
  var NG_REMOVED = '$$NG_REMOVED';
  var ngRepeatMinErr = minErr('ngRepeat');
  return {
    transclude: 'element',
    priority: 1000,
    terminal: true,
    $$tlb: true,
    link: function($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude){
        var expression = $attr.ngRepeat;
        var match = expression.match(/^\s*([\s\S]+?)\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s*$/),
          trackByExp, trackByExpGetter, trackByIdExpFn, trackByIdArrayFn, trackByIdObjFn,
          lhs, rhs, valueIdentifier, keyIdentifier,
          hashFnLocals = {$id: hashKey};

        if (!match) {
          throw ngRepeatMinErr('iexp', "Expected expression in form of '_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]' but got '{0}'.",
            expression);
        }

        lhs = match[1];
        rhs = match[2];
        trackByExp = match[3];

        if (trackByExp) {
          trackByExpGetter = $parse(trackByExp);
          trackByIdExpFn = function(key, value, index) {
            // assign key, value, and $index to the locals so that they can be used in hash functions
            if (keyIdentifier) hashFnLocals[keyIdentifier] = key;
            hashFnLocals[valueIdentifier] = value;
            hashFnLocals.$index = index;
            return trackByExpGetter($scope, hashFnLocals);
          };
        } else {
          trackByIdArrayFn = function(key, value) {
            return hashKey(value);
          };
          trackByIdObjFn = function(key) {
            return key;
          };
        }

        match = lhs.match(/^(?:([\$\w]+)|\(([\$\w]+)\s*,\s*([\$\w]+)\))$/);
        if (!match) {
          throw ngRepeatMinErr('iidexp', "'_item_' in '_item_ in _collection_' should be an identifier or '(_key_, _value_)' expression, but got '{0}'.",
                                                                    lhs);
        }
        valueIdentifier = match[3] || match[1];
        keyIdentifier = match[2];

        // Store a list of elements from previous run. This is a hash where key is the item from the
        // iterator, and the value is objects with following properties.
        //   - scope: bound scope
        //   - element: previous element.
        //   - index: position
        var lastBlockMap = {};

        //watch props
        $scope.$watchCollection(rhs, function ngRepeatAction(collection){
          var index, length,
              previousNode = $element[0],     // current position of the node
              nextNode,
              // Same as lastBlockMap but it has the current state. It will become the
              // lastBlockMap on the next iteration.
              nextBlockMap = {},
              arrayLength,
              childScope,
              key, value, // key/value of iteration
              trackById,
              trackByIdFn,
              collectionKeys,
              block,       // last object information {scope, element, id}
              nextBlockOrder = [],
              elementsToRemove;


          if (isArrayLike(collection)) {
            collectionKeys = collection;
            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdArrayFn;
          } else {
            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdObjFn;
            // if object, extract keys, sort them and use to determine order of iteration over obj props
            collectionKeys = [];
            for (key in collection) {
              if (collection.hasOwnProperty(key) && key.charAt(0) != '$') {
                collectionKeys.push(key);
              }
            }
            collectionKeys.sort();
          }

          arrayLength = collectionKeys.length;

          // locate existing items
          length = nextBlockOrder.length = collectionKeys.length;
          for(index = 0; index < length; index++) {
           key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
           value = collection[key];
           trackById = trackByIdFn(key, value, index);
           assertNotHasOwnProperty(trackById, '`track by` id');
           if(lastBlockMap.hasOwnProperty(trackById)) {
             block = lastBlockMap[trackById];
             delete lastBlockMap[trackById];
             nextBlockMap[trackById] = block;
             nextBlockOrder[index] = block;
           } else if (nextBlockMap.hasOwnProperty(trackById)) {
             // restore lastBlockMap
             forEach(nextBlockOrder, function(block) {
               if (block && block.scope) lastBlockMap[block.id] = block;
             });
             // This is a duplicate and we need to throw an error
             throw ngRepeatMinErr('dupes', "Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use 'track by' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: {0}, Duplicate key: {1}",
                                                                                                                                                    expression,       trackById);
           } else {
             // new never before seen block
             nextBlockOrder[index] = { id: trackById };
             nextBlockMap[trackById] = false;
           }
         }

          // remove existing items
          for (key in lastBlockMap) {
            // lastBlockMap is our own object so we don't need to use special hasOwnPropertyFn
            if (lastBlockMap.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
              block = lastBlockMap[key];
              elementsToRemove = getBlockElements(block.clone);
              $animate.leave(elementsToRemove);
              forEach(elementsToRemove, function(element) { element[NG_REMOVED] = true; });
              block.scope.$destroy();
            }
          }

          // we are not using forEach for perf reasons (trying to avoid #call)
          for (index = 0, length = collectionKeys.length; index < length; index++) {
            key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
            value = collection[key];
            block = nextBlockOrder[index];
            if (nextBlockOrder[index - 1]) previousNode = getBlockEnd(nextBlockOrder[index - 1]);

            if (block.scope) {
              // if we have already seen this object, then we need to reuse the
              // associated scope/element
              childScope = block.scope;

              nextNode = previousNode;
              do {
                nextNode = nextNode.nextSibling;
              } while(nextNode && nextNode[NG_REMOVED]);

              if (getBlockStart(block) != nextNode) {
                // existing item which got moved
                $animate.move(getBlockElements(block.clone), null, jqLite(previousNode));
              }
              previousNode = getBlockEnd(block);
            } else {
              // new item which we don't know about
              childScope = $scope.$new();
            }

            childScope[valueIdentifier] = value;
            if (keyIdentifier) childScope[keyIdentifier] = key;
            childScope.$index = index;
            childScope.$first = (index === 0);
            childScope.$last = (index === (arrayLength - 1));
            childScope.$middle = !(childScope.$first || childScope.$last);
            // jshint bitwise: false
            childScope.$odd = !(childScope.$even = (index&1) === 0);
            // jshint bitwise: true

            if (!block.scope) {
              $transclude(childScope, function(clone) {
                clone[clone.length++] = document.createComment(' end ngRepeat: ' + expression + ' ');
                $animate.enter(clone, null, jqLite(previousNode));
                previousNode = clone;
                block.scope = childScope;
                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
                block.clone = clone;
                nextBlockMap[block.id] = block;
              });
            }
          }
          lastBlockMap = nextBlockMap;
        });
    }
  };

  function getBlockStart(block) {
    return block.clone[0];
  }

  function getBlockEnd(block) {
    return block.clone[block.clone.length - 1];
  }
}];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngShow
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngShow` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
 * provided to the ngShow attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
 * the `ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
 * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
 * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
 *
 * ```html
 * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is visible) -->
 * <div ng-show="myValue"></div>
 *
 * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is hidden) -->
 * <div ng-show="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
 * ```
 *
 * When the ngShow expression evaluates to false then the ng-hide CSS class is added to the class attribute
 * on the element causing it to become hidden. When true, the ng-hide CSS class is removed
 * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** Here is a list of values that ngShow will consider as a falsy value (case insensitive):<br />
 * "f" / "0" / "false" / "no" / "n" / "[]"
 * </div>
 *
 * ## Why is !important used?
 *
 * You may be wondering why !important is used for the .ng-hide CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
 * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
 * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
 * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
 *
 * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
 * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
 * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
 *
 * ### Overriding .ng-hide
 *
 * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display:none!important`. If you wish to change
 * the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by restating the styles for the `.ng-hide`
 * class in CSS:
 *
 * ```css
 * .ng-hide {
 *   //this is just another form of hiding an element
 *   display:block!important;
 *   position:absolute;
 *   top:-9999px;
 *   left:-9999px;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the display style.
 *
 * ## A note about animations with ngShow
 *
 * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
 * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass except that
 * you must also include the !important flag to override the display property
 * so that you can perform an animation when the element is hidden during the time of the animation.
 *
 * ```css
 * //
 * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
 * //
 * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 * }
 *
 * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
 * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
 * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
 * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
 * ```
 *
 * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.2.17 (and 1.3.0-beta.11), there is no need to change the display
 * property to block during animation states--ngAnimate will handle the style toggling automatically for you.
 *
 * @animations
 * addClass: .ng-hide - happens after the ngShow expression evaluates to a truthy value and the just before contents are set to visible
 * removeClass: .ng-hide - happens after the ngShow expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngShow If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy
 *     then the element is shown or hidden respectively.
 *
 * @example
  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
    <file name="index.html">
      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
      <div>
        Show:
        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-show="checked">
          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        Hide:
        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-hide="checked">
          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
        </div>
      </div>
    </file>
    <file name="glyphicons.css">
      @import url(//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.0.0/css/bootstrap-glyphicons.css);
    </file>
    <file name="animations.css">
      .animate-show {
        -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
        transition:all linear 0.5s;
        line-height:20px;
        opacity:1;
        padding:10px;
        border:1px solid black;
        background:white;
      }

      .animate-show.ng-hide {
        line-height:0;
        opacity:0;
        padding:0 10px;
      }

      .check-element {
        padding:10px;
        border:1px solid black;
        background:white;
      }
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var thumbsUp = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-up'));
      var thumbsDown = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-down'));

      it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();

        element(by.model('checked')).click();

        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
      });
    </file>
  </example>
 */
var ngShowDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  return function(scope, element, attr) {
    scope.$watch(attr.ngShow, function ngShowWatchAction(value){
      $animate[toBoolean(value) ? 'removeClass' : 'addClass'](element, 'ng-hide');
    });
  };
}];


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngHide
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngHide` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
 * provided to the ngHide attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
 * the `ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
 * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
 * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
 *
 * ```html
 * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is hidden) -->
 * <div ng-hide="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
 *
 * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is visible) -->
 * <div ng-hide="myValue"></div>
 * ```
 *
 * When the ngHide expression evaluates to true then the .ng-hide CSS class is added to the class attribute
 * on the element causing it to become hidden. When false, the ng-hide CSS class is removed
 * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** Here is a list of values that ngHide will consider as a falsy value (case insensitive):<br />
 * "f" / "0" / "false" / "no" / "n" / "[]"
 * </div>
 *
 * ## Why is !important used?
 *
 * You may be wondering why !important is used for the .ng-hide CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
 * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
 * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
 * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
 *
 * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
 * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
 * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
 *
 * ### Overriding .ng-hide
 *
 * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display:none!important`. If you wish to change
 * the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by restating the styles for the `.ng-hide`
 * class in CSS:
 *
 * ```css
 * .ng-hide {
 *   //this is just another form of hiding an element
 *   display:block!important;
 *   position:absolute;
 *   top:-9999px;
 *   left:-9999px;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the display style.
 *
 * ## A note about animations with ngHide
 *
 * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
 * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass, except that the `.ng-hide`
 * CSS class is added and removed for you instead of your own CSS class.
 *
 * ```css
 * //
 * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
 * //
 * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 * }
 *
 * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
 * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
 * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
 * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
 * ```
 *
 * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.2.17 (and 1.3.0-beta.11), there is no need to change the display
 * property to block during animation states--ngAnimate will handle the style toggling automatically for you.
 *
 * @animations
 * removeClass: .ng-hide - happens after the ngHide expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden
 * addClass: .ng-hide - happens after the ngHide expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to visible
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngHide If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy then
 *     the element is shown or hidden respectively.
 *
 * @example
  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
    <file name="index.html">
      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
      <div>
        Show:
        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-show="checked">
          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        Hide:
        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-hide="checked">
          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
        </div>
      </div>
    </file>
    <file name="glyphicons.css">
      @import url(//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.0.0/css/bootstrap-glyphicons.css);
    </file>
    <file name="animations.css">
      .animate-hide {
        -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
        transition:all linear 0.5s;
        line-height:20px;
        opacity:1;
        padding:10px;
        border:1px solid black;
        background:white;
      }

      .animate-hide.ng-hide {
        line-height:0;
        opacity:0;
        padding:0 10px;
      }

      .check-element {
        padding:10px;
        border:1px solid black;
        background:white;
      }
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var thumbsUp = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-up'));
      var thumbsDown = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-down'));

      it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();

        element(by.model('checked')).click();

        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
      });
    </file>
  </example>
 */
var ngHideDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  return function(scope, element, attr) {
    scope.$watch(attr.ngHide, function ngHideWatchAction(value){
      $animate[toBoolean(value) ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass'](element, 'ng-hide');
    });
  };
}];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngStyle
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngStyle` directive allows you to set CSS style on an HTML element conditionally.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngStyle
 *
 * {@link guide/expression Expression} which evals to an
 * object whose keys are CSS style names and values are corresponding values for those CSS
 * keys.
 *
 * Since some CSS style names are not valid keys for an object, they must be quoted.
 * See the 'background-color' style in the example below.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
        <input type="button" value="set color" ng-click="myStyle={color:'red'}">
        <input type="button" value="set background" ng-click="myStyle={'background-color':'blue'}">
        <input type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myStyle={}">
        <br/>
        <span ng-style="myStyle">Sample Text</span>
        <pre>myStyle={{myStyle}}</pre>
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       span {
         color: black;
       }
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       var colorSpan = element(by.css('span'));

       it('should check ng-style', function() {
         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)');
         element(by.css('input[value=\'set color\']')).click();
         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)');
         element(by.css('input[value=clear]')).click();
         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngStyleDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
  scope.$watch(attr.ngStyle, function ngStyleWatchAction(newStyles, oldStyles) {
    if (oldStyles && (newStyles !== oldStyles)) {
      forEach(oldStyles, function(val, style) { element.css(style, '');});
    }
    if (newStyles) element.css(newStyles);
  }, true);
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngSwitch
 * @restrict EA
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngSwitch` directive is used to conditionally swap DOM structure on your template based on a scope expression.
 * Elements within `ngSwitch` but without `ngSwitchWhen` or `ngSwitchDefault` directives will be preserved at the location
 * as specified in the template.
 *
 * The directive itself works similar to ngInclude, however, instead of downloading template code (or loading it
 * from the template cache), `ngSwitch` simply chooses one of the nested elements and makes it visible based on which element
 * matches the value obtained from the evaluated expression. In other words, you define a container element
 * (where you place the directive), place an expression on the **`on="..."` attribute**
 * (or the **`ng-switch="..."` attribute**), define any inner elements inside of the directive and place
 * a when attribute per element. The when attribute is used to inform ngSwitch which element to display when the on
 * expression is evaluated. If a matching expression is not found via a when attribute then an element with the default
 * attribute is displayed.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-info">
 * Be aware that the attribute values to match against cannot be expressions. They are interpreted
 * as literal string values to match against.
 * For example, **`ng-switch-when="someVal"`** will match against the string `"someVal"` not against the
 * value of the expression `$scope.someVal`.
 * </div>

 * @animations
 * enter - happens after the ngSwitch contents change and the matched child element is placed inside the container
 * leave - happens just after the ngSwitch contents change and just before the former contents are removed from the DOM
 *
 * @usage
 *
 * ```
 * <ANY ng-switch="expression">
 *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue1">...</ANY>
 *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue2">...</ANY>
 *   <ANY ng-switch-default>...</ANY>
 * </ANY>
 * ```
 *
 *
 * @scope
 * @priority 800
 * @param {*} ngSwitch|on expression to match against <tt>ng-switch-when</tt>.
 * On child elements add:
 *
 * * `ngSwitchWhen`: the case statement to match against. If match then this
 *   case will be displayed. If the same match appears multiple times, all the
 *   elements will be displayed.
 * * `ngSwitchDefault`: the default case when no other case match. If there
 *   are multiple default cases, all of them will be displayed when no other
 *   case match.
 *
 *
 * @example
  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
    <file name="index.html">
      <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
        <select ng-model="selection" ng-options="item for item in items">
        </select>
        <tt>selection={{selection}}</tt>
        <hr/>
        <div class="animate-switch-container"
          ng-switch on="selection">
            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="settings">Settings Div</div>
            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="home">Home Span</div>
            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-default>default</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </file>
    <file name="script.js">
      function Ctrl($scope) {
        $scope.items = ['settings', 'home', 'other'];
        $scope.selection = $scope.items[0];
      }
    </file>
    <file name="animations.css">
      .animate-switch-container {
        position:relative;
        background:white;
        border:1px solid black;
        height:40px;
        overflow:hidden;
      }

      .animate-switch {
        padding:10px;
      }

      .animate-switch.ng-animate {
        -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;

        position:absolute;
        top:0;
        left:0;
        right:0;
        bottom:0;
      }

      .animate-switch.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
      .animate-switch.ng-enter {
        top:-50px;
      }
      .animate-switch.ng-leave,
      .animate-switch.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
        top:0;
      }
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var switchElem = element(by.css('[ng-switch]'));
      var select = element(by.model('selection'));

      it('should start in settings', function() {
        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Settings Div/);
      });
      it('should change to home', function() {
        select.element.all(by.css('option')).get(1).click();
        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Home Span/);
      });
      it('should select default', function() {
        select.element.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/default/);
      });
    </file>
  </example>
 */
var ngSwitchDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    require: 'ngSwitch',

    // asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
    controller: ['$scope', function ngSwitchController() {
     this.cases = {};
    }],
    link: function(scope, element, attr, ngSwitchController) {
      var watchExpr = attr.ngSwitch || attr.on,
          selectedTranscludes = [],
          selectedElements = [],
          previousElements = [],
          selectedScopes = [];

      scope.$watch(watchExpr, function ngSwitchWatchAction(value) {
        var i, ii;
        for (i = 0, ii = previousElements.length; i < ii; ++i) {
          previousElements[i].remove();
        }
        previousElements.length = 0;

        for (i = 0, ii = selectedScopes.length; i < ii; ++i) {
          var selected = selectedElements[i];
          selectedScopes[i].$destroy();
          previousElements[i] = selected;
          $animate.leave(selected, function() {
            previousElements.splice(i, 1);
          });
        }

        selectedElements.length = 0;
        selectedScopes.length = 0;

        if ((selectedTranscludes = ngSwitchController.cases['!' + value] || ngSwitchController.cases['?'])) {
          scope.$eval(attr.change);
          forEach(selectedTranscludes, function(selectedTransclude) {
            var selectedScope = scope.$new();
            selectedScopes.push(selectedScope);
            selectedTransclude.transclude(selectedScope, function(caseElement) {
              var anchor = selectedTransclude.element;

              selectedElements.push(caseElement);
              $animate.enter(caseElement, anchor.parent(), anchor);
            });
          });
        }
      });
    }
  };
}];

var ngSwitchWhenDirective = ngDirective({
  transclude: 'element',
  priority: 800,
  require: '^ngSwitch',
  link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrl, $transclude) {
    ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] = (ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] || []);
    ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
  }
});

var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
  transclude: 'element',
  priority: 800,
  require: '^ngSwitch',
  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
    ctrl.cases['?'] = (ctrl.cases['?'] || []);
    ctrl.cases['?'].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
   }
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngTransclude
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * Directive that marks the insertion point for the transcluded DOM of the nearest parent directive that uses transclusion.
 *
 * Any existing content of the element that this directive is placed on will be removed before the transcluded content is inserted.
 *
 * @element ANY
 *
 * @example
   <example module="transclude">
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         function Ctrl($scope) {
           $scope.title = 'Lorem Ipsum';
           $scope.text = 'Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor...';
         }

         angular.module('transclude', [])
          .directive('pane', function(){
             return {
               restrict: 'E',
               transclude: true,
               scope: { title:'@' },
               template: '<div style="border: 1px solid black;">' +
                           '<div style="background-color: gray">{{title}}</div>' +
                           '<div ng-transclude></div>' +
                         '</div>'
             };
         });
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
         <input ng-model="title"><br>
         <textarea ng-model="text"></textarea> <br/>
         <pane title="{{title}}">{{text}}</pane>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should have transcluded', function() {
          var titleElement = element(by.model('title'));
          titleElement.clear();
          titleElement.sendKeys('TITLE');
          var textElement = element(by.model('text'));
          textElement.clear();
          textElement.sendKeys('TEXT');
          expect(element(by.binding('title')).getText()).toEqual('TITLE');
          expect(element(by.binding('text')).getText()).toEqual('TEXT');
        });
     </file>
   </example>
 *
 */
var ngTranscludeDirective = ngDirective({
  link: function($scope, $element, $attrs, controller, $transclude) {
    if (!$transclude) {
      throw minErr('ngTransclude')('orphan',
       'Illegal use of ngTransclude directive in the template! ' +
       'No parent directive that requires a transclusion found. ' +
       'Element: {0}',
       startingTag($element));
    }

    $transclude(function(clone) {
      $element.empty();
      $element.append(clone);
    });
  }
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name script
 * @restrict E
 *
 * @description
 * Load the content of a `<script>` element into {@link ng.$templateCache `$templateCache`}, so that the
 * template can be used by {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ngInclude`},
 * {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView `ngView`}, or {@link guide/directive directives}. The type of the
 * `<script>` element must be specified as `text/ng-template`, and a cache name for the template must be
 * assigned through the element's `id`, which can then be used as a directive's `templateUrl`.
 *
 * @param {string} type Must be set to `'text/ng-template'`.
 * @param {string} id Cache name of the template.
 *
 * @example
  <example>
    <file name="index.html">
      <script type="text/ng-template" id="/tpl.html">
        Content of the template.
      </script>

      <a ng-click="currentTpl='/tpl.html'" id="tpl-link">Load inlined template</a>
      <div id="tpl-content" ng-include src="currentTpl"></div>
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      it('should load template defined inside script tag', function() {
        element(by.css('#tpl-link')).click();
        expect(element(by.css('#tpl-content')).getText()).toMatch(/Content of the template/);
      });
    </file>
  </example>
 */
var scriptDirective = ['$templateCache', function($templateCache) {
  return {
    restrict: 'E',
    terminal: true,
    compile: function(element, attr) {
      if (attr.type == 'text/ng-template') {
        var templateUrl = attr.id,
            // IE is not consistent, in scripts we have to read .text but in other nodes we have to read .textContent
            text = element[0].text;

        $templateCache.put(templateUrl, text);
      }
    }
  };
}];

var ngOptionsMinErr = minErr('ngOptions');
/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name select
 * @restrict E
 *
 * @description
 * HTML `SELECT` element with angular data-binding.
 *
 * # `ngOptions`
 *
 * The `ngOptions` attribute can be used to dynamically generate a list of `<option>`
 * elements for the `<select>` element using the array or object obtained by evaluating the
 * `ngOptions` comprehension_expression.
 *
 * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the array element or object property
 * represented by the selected option will be bound to the model identified by the `ngModel`
 * directive.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** `ngModel` compares by reference, not value. This is important when binding to an
 * array of objects. See an example [in this jsfiddle](http://jsfiddle.net/qWzTb/).
 * </div>
 *
 * Optionally, a single hard-coded `<option>` element, with the value set to an empty string, can
 * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent the `null` or "not selected"
 * option. See example below for demonstration.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** `ngOptions` provides an iterator facility for the `<option>` element which should be used instead
 * of {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} when you want the
 * `select` model to be bound to a non-string value. This is because an option element can only
 * be bound to string values at present.
 * </div>
 *
 * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
 * @param {string=} required The control is considered valid only if value is entered.
 * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
 *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
 *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
 * @param {comprehension_expression=} ngOptions in one of the following forms:
 *
 *   * for array data sources:
 *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
 *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
 *     * `label`  **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
 *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
 *   * for object data sources:
 *     * `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
 *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
 *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for (`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
 *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`group by`** `group`
 *         **`for` `(`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
 *
 * Where:
 *
 *   * `array` / `object`: an expression which evaluates to an array / object to iterate over.
 *   * `value`: local variable which will refer to each item in the `array` or each property value
 *      of `object` during iteration.
 *   * `key`: local variable which will refer to a property name in `object` during iteration.
 *   * `label`: The result of this expression will be the label for `<option>` element. The
 *     `expression` will most likely refer to the `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`).
 *   * `select`: The result of this expression will be bound to the model of the parent `<select>`
 *      element. If not specified, `select` expression will default to `value`.
 *   * `group`: The result of this expression will be used to group options using the `<optgroup>`
 *      DOM element.
 *   * `trackexpr`: Used when working with an array of objects. The result of this expression will be
 *      used to identify the objects in the array. The `trackexpr` will most likely refer to the
 *     `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`).
 *
 * @example
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        <script>
        function MyCntrl($scope) {
          $scope.colors = [
            {name:'black', shade:'dark'},
            {name:'white', shade:'light'},
            {name:'red', shade:'dark'},
            {name:'blue', shade:'dark'},
            {name:'yellow', shade:'light'}
          ];
          $scope.myColor = $scope.colors[2]; // red
        }
        </script>
        <div ng-controller="MyCntrl">
          <ul>
            <li ng-repeat="color in colors">
              Name: <input ng-model="color.name">
              [<a href ng-click="colors.splice($index, 1)">X</a>]
            </li>
            <li>
              [<a href ng-click="colors.push({})">add</a>]
            </li>
          </ul>
          <hr/>
          Color (null not allowed):
          <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors"></select><br>

          Color (null allowed):
          <span  class="nullable">
            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors">
              <option value="">-- choose color --</option>
            </select>
          </span><br/>

          Color grouped by shade:
          <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name group by color.shade for color in colors">
          </select><br/>


          Select <a href ng-click="myColor = { name:'not in list', shade: 'other' }">bogus</a>.<br>
          <hr/>
          Currently selected: {{ {selected_color:myColor}  }}
          <div style="border:solid 1px black; height:20px"
               ng-style="{'background-color':myColor.name}">
          </div>
        </div>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
         it('should check ng-options', function() {
           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('red');
           element.all(by.select('myColor')).first().click();
           element.all(by.css('select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('black');
           element(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"]')).click();
           element.all(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('null');
         });
      </file>
    </example>
 */

var ngOptionsDirective = valueFn({ terminal: true });
// jshint maxlen: false
var selectDirective = ['$compile', '$parse', function($compile,   $parse) {
                         //000011111111110000000000022222222220000000000000000000003333333333000000000000004444444444444440000000005555555555555550000000666666666666666000000000000000777777777700000000000000000008888888888
  var NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP = /^\s*([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+group\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s+for\s+(?:([\$\w][\$\w]*)|(?:\(\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*,\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*\)))\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?$/,
      nullModelCtrl = {$setViewValue: noop};
// jshint maxlen: 100

  return {
    restrict: 'E',
    require: ['select', '?ngModel'],
    controller: ['$element', '$scope', '$attrs', function($element, $scope, $attrs) {
      var self = this,
          optionsMap = {},
          ngModelCtrl = nullModelCtrl,
          nullOption,
          unknownOption;


      self.databound = $attrs.ngModel;


      self.init = function(ngModelCtrl_, nullOption_, unknownOption_) {
        ngModelCtrl = ngModelCtrl_;
        nullOption = nullOption_;
        unknownOption = unknownOption_;
      };


      self.addOption = function(value) {
        assertNotHasOwnProperty(value, '"option value"');
        optionsMap[value] = true;

        if (ngModelCtrl.$viewValue == value) {
          $element.val(value);
          if (unknownOption.parent()) unknownOption.remove();
        }
      };


      self.removeOption = function(value) {
        if (this.hasOption(value)) {
          delete optionsMap[value];
          if (ngModelCtrl.$viewValue == value) {
            this.renderUnknownOption(value);
          }
        }
      };


      self.renderUnknownOption = function(val) {
        var unknownVal = '? ' + hashKey(val) + ' ?';
        unknownOption.val(unknownVal);
        $element.prepend(unknownOption);
        $element.val(unknownVal);
        unknownOption.prop('selected', true); // needed for IE
      };


      self.hasOption = function(value) {
        return optionsMap.hasOwnProperty(value);
      };

      $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
        // disable unknown option so that we don't do work when the whole select is being destroyed
        self.renderUnknownOption = noop;
      });
    }],

    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything
      if (!ctrls[1]) return;

      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0],
          ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1],
          multiple = attr.multiple,
          optionsExp = attr.ngOptions,
          nullOption = false, // if false, user will not be able to select it (used by ngOptions)
          emptyOption,
          // we can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
          // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
          optionTemplate = jqLite(document.createElement('option')),
          optGroupTemplate =jqLite(document.createElement('optgroup')),
          unknownOption = optionTemplate.clone();

      // find "null" option
      for(var i = 0, children = element.children(), ii = children.length; i < ii; i++) {
        if (children[i].value === '') {
          emptyOption = nullOption = children.eq(i);
          break;
        }
      }

      selectCtrl.init(ngModelCtrl, nullOption, unknownOption);

      // required validator
      if (multiple) {
        ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
          return !value || value.length === 0;
        };
      }

      if (optionsExp) setupAsOptions(scope, element, ngModelCtrl);
      else if (multiple) setupAsMultiple(scope, element, ngModelCtrl);
      else setupAsSingle(scope, element, ngModelCtrl, selectCtrl);


      ////////////////////////////



      function setupAsSingle(scope, selectElement, ngModelCtrl, selectCtrl) {
        ngModelCtrl.$render = function() {
          var viewValue = ngModelCtrl.$viewValue;

          if (selectCtrl.hasOption(viewValue)) {
            if (unknownOption.parent()) unknownOption.remove();
            selectElement.val(viewValue);
            if (viewValue === '') emptyOption.prop('selected', true); // to make IE9 happy
          } else {
            if (isUndefined(viewValue) && emptyOption) {
              selectElement.val('');
            } else {
              selectCtrl.renderUnknownOption(viewValue);
            }
          }
        };

        selectElement.on('change', function() {
          scope.$apply(function() {
            if (unknownOption.parent()) unknownOption.remove();
            ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(selectElement.val());
          });
        });
      }

      function setupAsMultiple(scope, selectElement, ctrl) {
        var lastView;
        ctrl.$render = function() {
          var items = new HashMap(ctrl.$viewValue);
          forEach(selectElement.find('option'), function(option) {
            option.selected = isDefined(items.get(option.value));
          });
        };

        // we have to do it on each watch since ngModel watches reference, but
        // we need to work of an array, so we need to see if anything was inserted/removed
        scope.$watch(function selectMultipleWatch() {
          if (!equals(lastView, ctrl.$viewValue)) {
            lastView = shallowCopy(ctrl.$viewValue);
            ctrl.$render();
          }
        });

        selectElement.on('change', function() {
          scope.$apply(function() {
            var array = [];
            forEach(selectElement.find('option'), function(option) {
              if (option.selected) {
                array.push(option.value);
              }
            });
            ctrl.$setViewValue(array);
          });
        });
      }

      function setupAsOptions(scope, selectElement, ctrl) {
        var match;

        if (!(match = optionsExp.match(NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP))) {
          throw ngOptionsMinErr('iexp',
            "Expected expression in form of " +
            "'_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in _collection_'" +
            " but got '{0}'. Element: {1}",
            optionsExp, startingTag(selectElement));
        }

        var displayFn = $parse(match[2] || match[1]),
            valueName = match[4] || match[6],
            keyName = match[5],
            groupByFn = $parse(match[3] || ''),
            valueFn = $parse(match[2] ? match[1] : valueName),
            valuesFn = $parse(match[7]),
            track = match[8],
            trackFn = track ? $parse(match[8]) : null,
            // This is an array of array of existing option groups in DOM.
            // We try to reuse these if possible
            // - optionGroupsCache[0] is the options with no option group
            // - optionGroupsCache[?][0] is the parent: either the SELECT or OPTGROUP element
            optionGroupsCache = [[{element: selectElement, label:''}]];

        if (nullOption) {
          // compile the element since there might be bindings in it
          $compile(nullOption)(scope);

          // remove the class, which is added automatically because we recompile the element and it
          // becomes the compilation root
          nullOption.removeClass('ng-scope');

          // we need to remove it before calling selectElement.empty() because otherwise IE will
          // remove the label from the element. wtf?
          nullOption.remove();
        }

        // clear contents, we'll add what's needed based on the model
        selectElement.empty();

        selectElement.on('change', function() {
          scope.$apply(function() {
            var optionGroup,
                collection = valuesFn(scope) || [],
                locals = {},
                key, value, optionElement, index, groupIndex, length, groupLength, trackIndex;

            if (multiple) {
              value = [];
              for (groupIndex = 0, groupLength = optionGroupsCache.length;
                   groupIndex < groupLength;
                   groupIndex++) {
                // list of options for that group. (first item has the parent)
                optionGroup = optionGroupsCache[groupIndex];

                for(index = 1, length = optionGroup.length; index < length; index++) {
                  if ((optionElement = optionGroup[index].element)[0].selected) {
                    key = optionElement.val();
                    if (keyName) locals[keyName] = key;
                    if (trackFn) {
                      for (trackIndex = 0; trackIndex < collection.length; trackIndex++) {
                        locals[valueName] = collection[trackIndex];
                        if (trackFn(scope, locals) == key) break;
                      }
                    } else {
                      locals[valueName] = collection[key];
                    }
                    value.push(valueFn(scope, locals));
                  }
                }
              }
            } else {
              key = selectElement.val();
              if (key == '?') {
                value = undefined;
              } else if (key === ''){
                value = null;
              } else {
                if (trackFn) {
                  for (trackIndex = 0; trackIndex < collection.length; trackIndex++) {
                    locals[valueName] = collection[trackIndex];
                    if (trackFn(scope, locals) == key) {
                      value = valueFn(scope, locals);
                      break;
                    }
                  }
                } else {
                  locals[valueName] = collection[key];
                  if (keyName) locals[keyName] = key;
                  value = valueFn(scope, locals);
                }
              }
              // Update the null option's selected property here so $render cleans it up correctly
              if (optionGroupsCache[0].length > 1) {
                if (optionGroupsCache[0][1].id !== key) {
                  optionGroupsCache[0][1].selected = false;
                }
              }
            }
            ctrl.$setViewValue(value);
          });
        });

        ctrl.$render = render;

        // TODO(vojta): can't we optimize this ?
        scope.$watch(render);

        function render() {
              // Temporary location for the option groups before we render them
          var optionGroups = {'':[]},
              optionGroupNames = [''],
              optionGroupName,
              optionGroup,
              option,
              existingParent, existingOptions, existingOption,
              modelValue = ctrl.$modelValue,
              values = valuesFn(scope) || [],
              keys = keyName ? sortedKeys(values) : values,
              key,
              groupLength, length,
              groupIndex, index,
              locals = {},
              selected,
              selectedSet = false, // nothing is selected yet
              lastElement,
              element,
              label;

          if (multiple) {
            if (trackFn && isArray(modelValue)) {
              selectedSet = new HashMap([]);
              for (var trackIndex = 0; trackIndex < modelValue.length; trackIndex++) {
                locals[valueName] = modelValue[trackIndex];
                selectedSet.put(trackFn(scope, locals), modelValue[trackIndex]);
              }
            } else {
              selectedSet = new HashMap(modelValue);
            }
          }

          // We now build up the list of options we need (we merge later)
          for (index = 0; length = keys.length, index < length; index++) {

            key = index;
            if (keyName) {
              key = keys[index];
              if ( key.charAt(0) === '$' ) continue;
              locals[keyName] = key;
            }

            locals[valueName] = values[key];

            optionGroupName = groupByFn(scope, locals) || '';
            if (!(optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName])) {
              optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName] = [];
              optionGroupNames.push(optionGroupName);
            }
            if (multiple) {
              selected = isDefined(
                selectedSet.remove(trackFn ? trackFn(scope, locals) : valueFn(scope, locals))
              );
            } else {
              if (trackFn) {
                var modelCast = {};
                modelCast[valueName] = modelValue;
                selected = trackFn(scope, modelCast) === trackFn(scope, locals);
              } else {
                selected = modelValue === valueFn(scope, locals);
              }
              selectedSet = selectedSet || selected; // see if at least one item is selected
            }
            label = displayFn(scope, locals); // what will be seen by the user

            // doing displayFn(scope, locals) || '' overwrites zero values
            label = isDefined(label) ? label : '';
            optionGroup.push({
              // either the index into array or key from object
              id: trackFn ? trackFn(scope, locals) : (keyName ? keys[index] : index),
              label: label,
              selected: selected                   // determine if we should be selected
            });
          }
          if (!multiple) {
            if (nullOption || modelValue === null) {
              // insert null option if we have a placeholder, or the model is null
              optionGroups[''].unshift({id:'', label:'', selected:!selectedSet});
            } else if (!selectedSet) {
              // option could not be found, we have to insert the undefined item
              optionGroups[''].unshift({id:'?', label:'', selected:true});
            }
          }

          // Now we need to update the list of DOM nodes to match the optionGroups we computed above
          for (groupIndex = 0, groupLength = optionGroupNames.length;
               groupIndex < groupLength;
               groupIndex++) {
            // current option group name or '' if no group
            optionGroupName = optionGroupNames[groupIndex];

            // list of options for that group. (first item has the parent)
            optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName];

            if (optionGroupsCache.length <= groupIndex) {
              // we need to grow the optionGroups
              existingParent = {
                element: optGroupTemplate.clone().attr('label', optionGroupName),
                label: optionGroup.label
              };
              existingOptions = [existingParent];
              optionGroupsCache.push(existingOptions);
              selectElement.append(existingParent.element);
            } else {
              existingOptions = optionGroupsCache[groupIndex];
              existingParent = existingOptions[0];  // either SELECT (no group) or OPTGROUP element

              // update the OPTGROUP label if not the same.
              if (existingParent.label != optionGroupName) {
                existingParent.element.attr('label', existingParent.label = optionGroupName);
              }
            }

            lastElement = null;  // start at the beginning
            for(index = 0, length = optionGroup.length; index < length; index++) {
              option = optionGroup[index];
              if ((existingOption = existingOptions[index+1])) {
                // reuse elements
                lastElement = existingOption.element;
                if (existingOption.label !== option.label) {
                  lastElement.text(existingOption.label = option.label);
                }
                if (existingOption.id !== option.id) {
                  lastElement.val(existingOption.id = option.id);
                }
                // lastElement.prop('selected') provided by jQuery has side-effects
                if (existingOption.selected !== option.selected) {
                  lastElement.prop('selected', (existingOption.selected = option.selected));
                }
              } else {
                // grow elements

                // if it's a null option
                if (option.id === '' && nullOption) {
                  // put back the pre-compiled element
                  element = nullOption;
                } else {
                  // jQuery(v1.4.2) Bug: We should be able to chain the method calls, but
                  // in this version of jQuery on some browser the .text() returns a string
                  // rather then the element.
                  (element = optionTemplate.clone())
                      .val(option.id)
                      .prop('selected', option.selected)
                      .text(option.label);
                }

                existingOptions.push(existingOption = {
                    element: element,
                    label: option.label,
                    id: option.id,
                    selected: option.selected
                });
                if (lastElement) {
                  lastElement.after(element);
                } else {
                  existingParent.element.append(element);
                }
                lastElement = element;
              }
            }
            // remove any excessive OPTIONs in a group
            index++; // increment since the existingOptions[0] is parent element not OPTION
            while(existingOptions.length > index) {
              existingOptions.pop().element.remove();
            }
          }
          // remove any excessive OPTGROUPs from select
          while(optionGroupsCache.length > groupIndex) {
            optionGroupsCache.pop()[0].element.remove();
          }
        }
      }
    }
  };
}];

var optionDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
  var nullSelectCtrl = {
    addOption: noop,
    removeOption: noop
  };

  return {
    restrict: 'E',
    priority: 100,
    compile: function(element, attr) {
      if (isUndefined(attr.value)) {
        var interpolateFn = $interpolate(element.text(), true);
        if (!interpolateFn) {
          attr.$set('value', element.text());
        }
      }

      return function (scope, element, attr) {
        var selectCtrlName = '$selectController',
            parent = element.parent(),
            selectCtrl = parent.data(selectCtrlName) ||
              parent.parent().data(selectCtrlName); // in case we are in optgroup

        if (selectCtrl && selectCtrl.databound) {
          // For some reason Opera defaults to true and if not overridden this messes up the repeater.
          // We don't want the view to drive the initialization of the model anyway.
          element.prop('selected', false);
        } else {
          selectCtrl = nullSelectCtrl;
        }

        if (interpolateFn) {
          scope.$watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateWatchAction(newVal, oldVal) {
            attr.$set('value', newVal);
            if (newVal !== oldVal) selectCtrl.removeOption(oldVal);
            selectCtrl.addOption(newVal);
          });
        } else {
          selectCtrl.addOption(attr.value);
        }

        element.on('$destroy', function() {
          selectCtrl.removeOption(attr.value);
        });
      };
    }
  };
}];

var styleDirective = valueFn({
  restrict: 'E',
  terminal: true
});

  if (window.angular.bootstrap) {
    //AngularJS is already loaded, so we can return here...
    console.log('WARNING: Tried to load angular more than once.');
    return;
  }

  //try to bind to jquery now so that one can write angular.element().read()
  //but we will rebind on bootstrap again.
  bindJQuery();

  publishExternalAPI(angular);

  jqLite(document).ready(function() {
    angularInit(document, bootstrap);
  });

})(window, document);

!window.angular.$$csp() && window.angular.element(document).find('head').prepend('<style type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";[ng\\:cloak],[ng-cloak],[data-ng-cloak],[x-ng-cloak],.ng-cloak,.x-ng-cloak,.ng-hide{display:none !important;}ng\\:form{display:block;}.ng-animate-block-transitions{transition:0s all!important;-webkit-transition:0s all!important;}.ng-hide-add-active,.ng-hide-remove{display:block!important;}</style>');
/*
 * angular-ui-bootstrap
 * http://angular-ui.github.io/bootstrap/

 * Version: 0.11.0 - 2014-05-01
 * License: MIT
 */
angular.module("ui.bootstrap", ["ui.bootstrap.tpls", "ui.bootstrap.transition","ui.bootstrap.collapse","ui.bootstrap.accordion","ui.bootstrap.alert","ui.bootstrap.bindHtml","ui.bootstrap.buttons","ui.bootstrap.carousel","ui.bootstrap.dateparser","ui.bootstrap.position","ui.bootstrap.datepicker","ui.bootstrap.dropdown","ui.bootstrap.modal","ui.bootstrap.pagination","ui.bootstrap.tooltip","ui.bootstrap.popover","ui.bootstrap.progressbar","ui.bootstrap.rating","ui.bootstrap.tabs","ui.bootstrap.timepicker","ui.bootstrap.typeahead"]);
angular.module("ui.bootstrap.tpls", ["template/accordion/accordion-group.html","template/accordion/accordion.html","template/alert/alert.html","template/carousel/carousel.html","template/carousel/slide.html","template/datepicker/datepicker.html","template/datepicker/day.html","template/datepicker/month.html","template/datepicker/popup.html","template/datepicker/year.html","template/modal/backdrop.html","template/modal/window.html","template/pagination/pager.html","template/pagination/pagination.html","template/tooltip/tooltip-html-unsafe-popup.html","template/tooltip/tooltip-popup.html","template/popover/popover.html","template/progressbar/bar.html","template/progressbar/progress.html","template/progressbar/progressbar.html","template/rating/rating.html","template/tabs/tab.html","template/tabs/tabset.html","template/timepicker/timepicker.html","template/typeahead/typeahead-match.html","template/typeahead/typeahead-popup.html"]);
angular.module('ui.bootstrap.transition', [])

/**
 * $transition service provides a consistent interface to trigger CSS 3 transitions and to be informed when they complete.
 * @param  {DOMElement} element  The DOMElement that will be animated.
 * @param  {string|object|function} trigger  The thing that will cause the transition to start:
 *   - As a string, it represents the css class to be added to the element.
 *   - As an object, it represents a hash of style attributes to be applied to the element.
 *   - As a function, it represents a function to be called that will cause the transition to occur.
 * @return {Promise}  A promise that is resolved when the transition finishes.
 */
.factory('$transition', ['$q', '$timeout', '$rootScope', function($q, $timeout, $rootScope) {

  var $transition = function(element, trigger, options) {
    options = options || {};
    var deferred = $q.defer();
    var endEventName = $transition[options.animation ? 'animationEndEventName' : 'transitionEndEventName'];

    var transitionEndHandler = function(event) {
      $rootScope.$apply(function() {
        element.unbind(endEventName, transitionEndHandler);
        deferred.resolve(element);
      });
    };

    if (endEventName) {
      element.bind(endEventName, transitionEndHandler);
    }

    // Wrap in a timeout to allow the browser time to update the DOM before the transition is to occur
    $timeout(function() {
      if ( angular.isString(trigger) ) {
        element.addClass(trigger);
      } else if ( angular.isFunction(trigger) ) {
        trigger(element);
      } else if ( angular.isObject(trigger) ) {
        element.css(trigger);
      }
      //If browser does not support transitions, instantly resolve
      if ( !endEventName ) {
        deferred.resolve(element);
      }
    });

    // Add our custom cancel function to the promise that is returned
    // We can call this if we are about to run a new transition, which we know will prevent this transition from ending,
    // i.e. it will therefore never raise a transitionEnd event for that transition
    deferred.promise.cancel = function() {
      if ( endEventName ) {
        element.unbind(endEventName, transitionEndHandler);
      }
      deferred.reject('Transition cancelled');
    };

    return deferred.promise;
  };

  // Work out the name of the transitionEnd event
  var transElement = document.createElement('trans');
  var transitionEndEventNames = {
    'WebkitTransition': 'webkitTransitionEnd',
    'MozTransition': 'transitionend',
    'OTransition': 'oTransitionEnd',
    'transition': 'transitionend'
  };
  var animationEndEventNames = {
    'WebkitTransition': 'webkitAnimationEnd',
    'MozTransition': 'animationend',
    'OTransition': 'oAnimationEnd',
    'transition': 'animationend'
  };
  function findEndEventName(endEventNames) {
    for (var name in endEventNames){
      if (transElement.style[name] !== undefined) {
        return endEventNames[name];
      }
    }
  }
  $transition.transitionEndEventName = findEndEventName(transitionEndEventNames);
  $transition.animationEndEventName = findEndEventName(animationEndEventNames);
  return $transition;
}]);

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.collapse', ['ui.bootstrap.transition'])

  .directive('collapse', ['$transition', function ($transition) {

    return {
      link: function (scope, element, attrs) {

        var initialAnimSkip = true;
        var currentTransition;

        function doTransition(change) {
          var newTransition = $transition(element, change);
          if (currentTransition) {
            currentTransition.cancel();
          }
          currentTransition = newTransition;
          newTransition.then(newTransitionDone, newTransitionDone);
          return newTransition;

          function newTransitionDone() {
            // Make sure it's this transition, otherwise, leave it alone.
            if (currentTransition === newTransition) {
              currentTransition = undefined;
            }
          }
        }

        function expand() {
          if (initialAnimSkip) {
            initialAnimSkip = false;
            expandDone();
          } else {
            element.removeClass('collapse').addClass('collapsing');
            doTransition({ height: element[0].scrollHeight + 'px' }).then(expandDone);
          }
        }

        function expandDone() {
          element.removeClass('collapsing');
          element.addClass('collapse in');
          element.css({height: 'auto'});
        }

        function collapse() {
          if (initialAnimSkip) {
            initialAnimSkip = false;
            collapseDone();
            element.css({height: 0});
          } else {
            // CSS transitions don't work with height: auto, so we have to manually change the height to a specific value
            element.css({ height: element[0].scrollHeight + 'px' });
            //trigger reflow so a browser realizes that height was updated from auto to a specific value
            var x = element[0].offsetWidth;

            element.removeClass('collapse in').addClass('collapsing');

            doTransition({ height: 0 }).then(collapseDone);
          }
        }

        function collapseDone() {
          element.removeClass('collapsing');
          element.addClass('collapse');
        }

        scope.$watch(attrs.collapse, function (shouldCollapse) {
          if (shouldCollapse) {
            collapse();
          } else {
            expand();
          }
        });
      }
    };
  }]);

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.accordion', ['ui.bootstrap.collapse'])

.constant('accordionConfig', {
  closeOthers: true
})

.controller('AccordionController', ['$scope', '$attrs', 'accordionConfig', function ($scope, $attrs, accordionConfig) {

  // This array keeps track of the accordion groups
  this.groups = [];

  // Ensure that all the groups in this accordion are closed, unless close-others explicitly says not to
  this.closeOthers = function(openGroup) {
    var closeOthers = angular.isDefined($attrs.closeOthers) ? $scope.$eval($attrs.closeOthers) : accordionConfig.closeOthers;
    if ( closeOthers ) {
      angular.forEach(this.groups, function (group) {
        if ( group !== openGroup ) {
          group.isOpen = false;
        }
      });
    }
  };

  // This is called from the accordion-group directive to add itself to the accordion
  this.addGroup = function(groupScope) {
    var that = this;
    this.groups.push(groupScope);

    groupScope.$on('$destroy', function (event) {
      that.removeGroup(groupScope);
    });
  };

  // This is called from the accordion-group directive when to remove itself
  this.removeGroup = function(group) {
    var index = this.groups.indexOf(group);
    if ( index !== -1 ) {
      this.groups.splice(index, 1);
    }
  };

}])

// The accordion directive simply sets up the directive controller
// and adds an accordion CSS class to itself element.
.directive('accordion', function () {
  return {
    restrict:'EA',
    controller:'AccordionController',
    transclude: true,
    replace: false,
    templateUrl: 'template/accordion/accordion.html'
  };
})

// The accordion-group directive indicates a block of html that will expand and collapse in an accordion
.directive('accordionGroup', function() {
  return {
    require:'^accordion',         // We need this directive to be inside an accordion
    restrict:'EA',
    transclude:true,              // It transcludes the contents of the directive into the template
    replace: true,                // The element containing the directive will be replaced with the template
    templateUrl:'template/accordion/accordion-group.html',
    scope: {
      heading: '@',               // Interpolate the heading attribute onto this scope
      isOpen: '=?',
      isDisabled: '=?'
    },
    controller: function() {
      this.setHeading = function(element) {
        this.heading = element;
      };
    },
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, accordionCtrl) {
      accordionCtrl.addGroup(scope);

      scope.$watch('isOpen', function(value) {
        if ( value ) {
          accordionCtrl.closeOthers(scope);
        }
      });

      scope.toggleOpen = function() {
        if ( !scope.isDisabled ) {
          scope.isOpen = !scope.isOpen;
        }
      };
    }
  };
})

// Use accordion-heading below an accordion-group to provide a heading containing HTML
// <accordion-group>
//   <accordion-heading>Heading containing HTML - <img src="..."></accordion-heading>
// </accordion-group>
.directive('accordionHeading', function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    transclude: true,   // Grab the contents to be used as the heading
    template: '',       // In effect remove this element!
    replace: true,
    require: '^accordionGroup',
    link: function(scope, element, attr, accordionGroupCtrl, transclude) {
      // Pass the heading to the accordion-group controller
      // so that it can be transcluded into the right place in the template
      // [The second parameter to transclude causes the elements to be cloned so that they work in ng-repeat]
      accordionGroupCtrl.setHeading(transclude(scope, function() {}));
    }
  };
})

// Use in the accordion-group template to indicate where you want the heading to be transcluded
// You must provide the property on the accordion-group controller that will hold the transcluded element
// <div class="accordion-group">
//   <div class="accordion-heading" ><a ... accordion-transclude="heading">...</a></div>
//   ...
// </div>
.directive('accordionTransclude', function() {
  return {
    require: '^accordionGroup',
    link: function(scope, element, attr, controller) {
      scope.$watch(function() { return controller[attr.accordionTransclude]; }, function(heading) {
        if ( heading ) {
          element.html('');
          element.append(heading);
        }
      });
    }
  };
});

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.alert', [])

.controller('AlertController', ['$scope', '$attrs', function ($scope, $attrs) {
  $scope.closeable = 'close' in $attrs;
}])

.directive('alert', function () {
  return {
    restrict:'EA',
    controller:'AlertController',
    templateUrl:'template/alert/alert.html',
    transclude:true,
    replace:true,
    scope: {
      type: '@',
      close: '&'
    }
  };
});

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.bindHtml', [])

  .directive('bindHtmlUnsafe', function () {
    return function (scope, element, attr) {
      element.addClass('ng-binding').data('$binding', attr.bindHtmlUnsafe);
      scope.$watch(attr.bindHtmlUnsafe, function bindHtmlUnsafeWatchAction(value) {
        element.html(value || '');
      });
    };
  });
angular.module('ui.bootstrap.buttons', [])

.constant('buttonConfig', {
  activeClass: 'active',
  toggleEvent: 'click'
})

.controller('ButtonsController', ['buttonConfig', function(buttonConfig) {
  this.activeClass = buttonConfig.activeClass || 'active';
  this.toggleEvent = buttonConfig.toggleEvent || 'click';
}])

.directive('btnRadio', function () {
  return {
    require: ['btnRadio', 'ngModel'],
    controller: 'ButtonsController',
    link: function (scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
      var buttonsCtrl = ctrls[0], ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];

      //model -> UI
      ngModelCtrl.$render = function () {
        element.toggleClass(buttonsCtrl.activeClass, angular.equals(ngModelCtrl.$modelValue, scope.$eval(attrs.btnRadio)));
      };

      //ui->model
      element.bind(buttonsCtrl.toggleEvent, function () {
        var isActive = element.hasClass(buttonsCtrl.activeClass);

        if (!isActive || angular.isDefined(attrs.uncheckable)) {
          scope.$apply(function () {
            ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(isActive ? null : scope.$eval(attrs.btnRadio));
            ngModelCtrl.$render();
          });
        }
      });
    }
  };
})

.directive('btnCheckbox', function () {
  return {
    require: ['btnCheckbox', 'ngModel'],
    controller: 'ButtonsController',
    link: function (scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
      var buttonsCtrl = ctrls[0], ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];

      function getTrueValue() {
        return getCheckboxValue(attrs.btnCheckboxTrue, true);
      }

      function getFalseValue() {
        return getCheckboxValue(attrs.btnCheckboxFalse, false);
      }

      function getCheckboxValue(attributeValue, defaultValue) {
        var val = scope.$eval(attributeValue);
        return angular.isDefined(val) ? val : defaultValue;
      }

      //model -> UI
      ngModelCtrl.$render = function () {
        element.toggleClass(buttonsCtrl.activeClass, angular.equals(ngModelCtrl.$modelValue, getTrueValue()));
      };

      //ui->model
      element.bind(buttonsCtrl.toggleEvent, function () {
        scope.$apply(function () {
          ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(element.hasClass(buttonsCtrl.activeClass) ? getFalseValue() : getTrueValue());
          ngModelCtrl.$render();
        });
      });
    }
  };
});

/**
* @ngdoc overview
* @name ui.bootstrap.carousel
*
* @description
* AngularJS version of an image carousel.
*
*/
angular.module('ui.bootstrap.carousel', ['ui.bootstrap.transition'])
.controller('CarouselController', ['$scope', '$timeout', '$transition', function ($scope, $timeout, $transition) {
  var self = this,
    slides = self.slides = $scope.slides = [],
    currentIndex = -1,
    currentTimeout, isPlaying;
  self.currentSlide = null;

  var destroyed = false;
  /* direction: "prev" or "next" */
  self.select = $scope.select = function(nextSlide, direction) {
    var nextIndex = slides.indexOf(nextSlide);
    //Decide direction if it's not given
    if (direction === undefined) {
      direction = nextIndex > currentIndex ? 'next' : 'prev';
    }
    if (nextSlide && nextSlide !== self.currentSlide) {
      if ($scope.$currentTransition) {
        $scope.$currentTransition.cancel();
        //Timeout so ng-class in template has time to fix classes for finished slide
        $timeout(goNext);
      } else {
        goNext();
      }
    }
    function goNext() {
      // Scope has been destroyed, stop here.
      if (destroyed) { return; }
      //If we have a slide to transition from and we have a transition type and we're allowed, go
      if (self.currentSlide && angular.isString(direction) && !$scope.noTransition && nextSlide.$element) {
        //We shouldn't do class manip in here, but it's the same weird thing bootstrap does. need to fix sometime
        nextSlide.$element.addClass(direction);
        var reflow = nextSlide.$element[0].offsetWidth; //force reflow

        //Set all other slides to stop doing their stuff for the new transition
        angular.forEach(slides, function(slide) {
          angular.extend(slide, {direction: '', entering: false, leaving: false, active: false});
        });
        angular.extend(nextSlide, {direction: direction, active: true, entering: true});
        angular.extend(self.currentSlide||{}, {direction: direction, leaving: true});

        $scope.$currentTransition = $transition(nextSlide.$element, {});
        //We have to create new pointers inside a closure since next & current will change
        (function(next,current) {
          $scope.$currentTransition.then(
            function(){ transitionDone(next, current); },
            function(){ transitionDone(next, current); }
          );
        }(nextSlide, self.currentSlide));
      } else {
        transitionDone(nextSlide, self.currentSlide);
      }
      self.currentSlide = nextSlide;
      currentIndex = nextIndex;
      //every time you change slides, reset the timer
      restartTimer();
    }
    function transitionDone(next, current) {
      angular.extend(next, {direction: '', active: true, leaving: false, entering: false});
      angular.extend(current||{}, {direction: '', active: false, leaving: false, entering: false});
      $scope.$currentTransition = null;
    }
  };
  $scope.$on('$destroy', function () {
    destroyed = true;
  });

  /* Allow outside people to call indexOf on slides array */
  self.indexOfSlide = function(slide) {
    return slides.indexOf(slide);
  };

  $scope.next = function() {
    var newIndex = (currentIndex + 1) % slides.length;

    //Prevent this user-triggered transition from occurring if there is already one in progress
    if (!$scope.$currentTransition) {
      return self.select(slides[newIndex], 'next');
    }
  };

  $scope.prev = function() {
    var newIndex = currentIndex - 1 < 0 ? slides.length - 1 : currentIndex - 1;

    //Prevent this user-triggered transition from occurring if there is already one in progress
    if (!$scope.$currentTransition) {
      return self.select(slides[newIndex], 'prev');
    }
  };

  $scope.isActive = function(slide) {
     return self.currentSlide === slide;
  };

  $scope.$watch('interval', restartTimer);
  $scope.$on('$destroy', resetTimer);

  function restartTimer() {
    resetTimer();
    var interval = +$scope.interval;
    if (!isNaN(interval) && interval>=0) {
      currentTimeout = $timeout(timerFn, interval);
    }
  }

  function resetTimer() {
    if (currentTimeout) {
      $timeout.cancel(currentTimeout);
      currentTimeout = null;
    }
  }

  function timerFn() {
    if (isPlaying) {
      $scope.next();
      restartTimer();
    } else {
      $scope.pause();
    }
  }

  $scope.play = function() {
    if (!isPlaying) {
      isPlaying = true;
      restartTimer();
    }
  };
  $scope.pause = function() {
    if (!$scope.noPause) {
      isPlaying = false;
      resetTimer();
    }
  };

  self.addSlide = function(slide, element) {
    slide.$element = element;
    slides.push(slide);
    //if this is the first slide or the slide is set to active, select it
    if(slides.length === 1 || slide.active) {
      self.select(slides[slides.length-1]);
      if (slides.length == 1) {
        $scope.play();
      }
    } else {
      slide.active = false;
    }
  };

  self.removeSlide = function(slide) {
    //get the index of the slide inside the carousel
    var index = slides.indexOf(slide);
    slides.splice(index, 1);
    if (slides.length > 0 && slide.active) {
      if (index >= slides.length) {
        self.select(slides[index-1]);
      } else {
        self.select(slides[index]);
      }
    } else if (currentIndex > index) {
      currentIndex--;
    }
  };

}])

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ui.bootstrap.carousel.directive:carousel
 * @restrict EA
 *
 * @description
 * Carousel is the outer container for a set of image 'slides' to showcase.
 *
 * @param {number=} interval The time, in milliseconds, that it will take the carousel to go to the next slide.
 * @param {boolean=} noTransition Whether to disable transitions on the carousel.
 * @param {boolean=} noPause Whether to disable pausing on the carousel (by default, the carousel interval pauses on hover).
 *
 * @example
<example module="ui.bootstrap">
  <file name="index.html">
    <carousel>
      <slide>
        <img src="http://placekitten.com/150/150" style="margin:auto;">
        <div class="carousel-caption">
          <p>Beautiful!</p>
        </div>
      </slide>
      <slide>
        <img src="http://placekitten.com/100/150" style="margin:auto;">
        <div class="carousel-caption">
          <p>D'aww!</p>
        </div>
      </slide>
    </carousel>
  </file>
  <file name="demo.css">
    .carousel-indicators {
      top: auto;
      bottom: 15px;
    }
  </file>
</example>
 */
.directive('carousel', [function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    transclude: true,
    replace: true,
    controller: 'CarouselController',
    require: 'carousel',
    templateUrl: 'template/carousel/carousel.html',
    scope: {
      interval: '=',
      noTransition: '=',
      noPause: '='
    }
  };
}])

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ui.bootstrap.carousel.directive:slide
 * @restrict EA
 *
 * @description
 * Creates a slide inside a {@link ui.bootstrap.carousel.directive:carousel carousel}.  Must be placed as a child of a carousel element.
 *
 * @param {boolean=} active Model binding, whether or not this slide is currently active.
 *
 * @example
<example module="ui.bootstrap">
  <file name="index.html">
<div ng-controller="CarouselDemoCtrl">
  <carousel>
    <slide ng-repeat="slide in slides" active="slide.active">
      <img ng-src="{{slide.image}}" style="margin:auto;">
      <div class="carousel-caption">
        <h4>Slide {{$index}}</h4>
        <p>{{slide.text}}</p>
      </div>
    </slide>
  </carousel>
  Interval, in milliseconds: <input type="number" ng-model="myInterval">
  <br />Enter a negative number to stop the interval.
</div>
  </file>
  <file name="script.js">
function CarouselDemoCtrl($scope) {
  $scope.myInterval = 5000;
}
  </file>
  <file name="demo.css">
    .carousel-indicators {
      top: auto;
      bottom: 15px;
    }
  </file>
</example>
*/

.directive('slide', function() {
  return {
    require: '^carousel',
    restrict: 'EA',
    transclude: true,
    replace: true,
    templateUrl: 'template/carousel/slide.html',
    scope: {
      active: '=?'
    },
    link: function (scope, element, attrs, carouselCtrl) {
      carouselCtrl.addSlide(scope, element);
      //when the scope is destroyed then remove the slide from the current slides array
      scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
        carouselCtrl.removeSlide(scope);
      });

      scope.$watch('active', function(active) {
        if (active) {
          carouselCtrl.select(scope);
        }
      });
    }
  };
});

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.dateparser', [])

.service('dateParser', ['$locale', 'orderByFilter', function($locale, orderByFilter) {

  this.parsers = {};

  var formatCodeToRegex = {
    'yyyy': {
      regex: '\\d{4}',
      apply: function(value) { this.year = +value; }
    },
    'yy': {
      regex: '\\d{2}',
      apply: function(value) { this.year = +value + 2000; }
    },
    'y': {
      regex: '\\d{1,4}',
      apply: function(value) { this.year = +value; }
    },
    'MMMM': {
      regex: $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS.MONTH.join('|'),
      apply: function(value) { this.month = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS.MONTH.indexOf(value); }
    },
    'MMM': {
      regex: $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS.SHORTMONTH.join('|'),
      apply: function(value) { this.month = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS.SHORTMONTH.indexOf(value); }
    },
    'MM': {
      regex: '0[1-9]|1[0-2]',
      apply: function(value) { this.month = value - 1; }
    },
    'M': {
      regex: '[1-9]|1[0-2]',
      apply: function(value) { this.month = value - 1; }
    },
    'dd': {
      regex: '[0-2][0-9]{1}|3[0-1]{1}',
      apply: function(value) { this.date = +value; }
    },
    'd': {
      regex: '[1-2]?[0-9]{1}|3[0-1]{1}',
      apply: function(value) { this.date = +value; }
    },
    'EEEE': {
      regex: $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS.DAY.join('|')
    },
    'EEE': {
      regex: $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS.SHORTDAY.join('|')
    }
  };

  this.createParser = function(format) {
    var map = [], regex = format.split('');

    angular.forEach(formatCodeToRegex, function(data, code) {
      var index = format.indexOf(code);

      if (index > -1) {
        format = format.split('');

        regex[index] = '(' + data.regex + ')';
        format[index] = '$'; // Custom symbol to define consumed part of format
        for (var i = index + 1, n = index + code.length; i < n; i++) {
          regex[i] = '';
          format[i] = '$';
        }
        format = format.join('');

        map.push({ index: index, apply: data.apply });
      }
    });

    return {
      regex: new RegExp('^' + regex.join('') + '$'),
      map: orderByFilter(map, 'index')
    };
  };

  this.parse = function(input, format) {
    if ( !angular.isString(input) ) {
      return input;
    }

    format = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS[format] || format;

    if ( !this.parsers[format] ) {
      this.parsers[format] = this.createParser(format);
    }

    var parser = this.parsers[format],
        regex = parser.regex,
        map = parser.map,
        results = input.match(regex);

    if ( results && results.length ) {
      var fields = { year: 1900, month: 0, date: 1, hours: 0 }, dt;

      for( var i = 1, n = results.length; i < n; i++ ) {
        var mapper = map[i-1];
        if ( mapper.apply ) {
          mapper.apply.call(fields, results[i]);
        }
      }

      if ( isValid(fields.year, fields.month, fields.date) ) {
        dt = new Date( fields.year, fields.month, fields.date, fields.hours);
      }

      return dt;
    }
  };

  // Check if date is valid for specific month (and year for February).
  // Month: 0 = Jan, 1 = Feb, etc
  function isValid(year, month, date) {
    if ( month === 1 && date > 28) {
        return date === 29 && ((year % 4 === 0 && year % 100 !== 0) || year % 400 === 0);
    }

    if ( month === 3 || month === 5 || month === 8 || month === 10) {
        return date < 31;
    }

    return true;
  }
}]);

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.position', [])

/**
 * A set of utility methods that can be use to retrieve position of DOM elements.
 * It is meant to be used where we need to absolute-position DOM elements in
 * relation to other, existing elements (this is the case for tooltips, popovers,
 * typeahead suggestions etc.).
 */
  .factory('$position', ['$document', '$window', function ($document, $window) {

    function getStyle(el, cssprop) {
      if (el.currentStyle) { //IE
        return el.currentStyle[cssprop];
      } else if ($window.getComputedStyle) {
        return $window.getComputedStyle(el)[cssprop];
      }
      // finally try and get inline style
      return el.style[cssprop];
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a given element is statically positioned
     * @param element - raw DOM element
     */
    function isStaticPositioned(element) {
      return (getStyle(element, 'position') || 'static' ) === 'static';
    }

    /**
     * returns the closest, non-statically positioned parentOffset of a given element
     * @param element
     */
    var parentOffsetEl = function (element) {
      var docDomEl = $document[0];
      var offsetParent = element.offsetParent || docDomEl;
      while (offsetParent && offsetParent !== docDomEl && isStaticPositioned(offsetParent) ) {
        offsetParent = offsetParent.offsetParent;
      }
      return offsetParent || docDomEl;
    };

    return {
      /**
       * Provides read-only equivalent of jQuery's position function:
       * http://api.jquery.com/position/
       */
      position: function (element) {
        var elBCR = this.offset(element);
        var offsetParentBCR = { top: 0, left: 0 };
        var offsetParentEl = parentOffsetEl(element[0]);
        if (offsetParentEl != $document[0]) {
          offsetParentBCR = this.offset(angular.element(offsetParentEl));
          offsetParentBCR.top += offsetParentEl.clientTop - offsetParentEl.scrollTop;
          offsetParentBCR.left += offsetParentEl.clientLeft - offsetParentEl.scrollLeft;
        }

        var boundingClientRect = element[0].getBoundingClientRect();
        return {
          width: boundingClientRect.width || element.prop('offsetWidth'),
          height: boundingClientRect.height || element.prop('offsetHeight'),
          top: elBCR.top - offsetParentBCR.top,
          left: elBCR.left - offsetParentBCR.left
        };
      },

      /**
       * Provides read-only equivalent of jQuery's offset function:
       * http://api.jquery.com/offset/
       */
      offset: function (element) {
        var boundingClientRect = element[0].getBoundingClientRect();
        return {
          width: boundingClientRect.width || element.prop('offsetWidth'),
          height: boundingClientRect.height || element.prop('offsetHeight'),
          top: boundingClientRect.top + ($window.pageYOffset || $document[0].documentElement.scrollTop),
          left: boundingClientRect.left + ($window.pageXOffset || $document[0].documentElement.scrollLeft)
        };
      },

      /**
       * Provides coordinates for the targetEl in relation to hostEl
       */
      positionElements: function (hostEl, targetEl, positionStr, appendToBody) {

        var positionStrParts = positionStr.split('-');
        var pos0 = positionStrParts[0], pos1 = positionStrParts[1] || 'center';

        var hostElPos,
          targetElWidth,
          targetElHeight,
          targetElPos;

        hostElPos = appendToBody ? this.offset(hostEl) : this.position(hostEl);

        targetElWidth = targetEl.prop('offsetWidth');
        targetElHeight = targetEl.prop('offsetHeight');

        var shiftWidth = {
          center: function () {
            return hostElPos.left + hostElPos.width / 2 - targetElWidth / 2;
          },
          left: function () {
            return hostElPos.left;
          },
          right: function () {
            return hostElPos.left + hostElPos.width;
          }
        };

        var shiftHeight = {
          center: function () {
            return hostElPos.top + hostElPos.height / 2 - targetElHeight / 2;
          },
          top: function () {
            return hostElPos.top;
          },
          bottom: function () {
            return hostElPos.top + hostElPos.height;
          }
        };

        switch (pos0) {
          case 'right':
            targetElPos = {
              top: shiftHeight[pos1](),
              left: shiftWidth[pos0]()
            };
            break;
          case 'left':
            targetElPos = {
              top: shiftHeight[pos1](),
              left: hostElPos.left - targetElWidth
            };
            break;
          case 'bottom':
            targetElPos = {
              top: shiftHeight[pos0](),
              left: shiftWidth[pos1]()
            };
            break;
          default:
            targetElPos = {
              top: hostElPos.top - targetElHeight,
              left: shiftWidth[pos1]()
            };
            break;
        }

        return targetElPos;
      }
    };
  }]);

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.datepicker', ['ui.bootstrap.dateparser', 'ui.bootstrap.position'])

.constant('datepickerConfig', {
  formatDay: 'dd',
  formatMonth: 'MMMM',
  formatYear: 'yyyy',
  formatDayHeader: 'EEE',
  formatDayTitle: 'MMMM yyyy',
  formatMonthTitle: 'yyyy',
  datepickerMode: 'day',
  minMode: 'day',
  maxMode: 'year',
  showWeeks: true,
  startingDay: 0,
  yearRange: 20,
  minDate: null,
  maxDate: null
})

.controller('DatepickerController', ['$scope', '$attrs', '$parse', '$interpolate', '$timeout', '$log', 'dateFilter', 'datepickerConfig', function($scope, $attrs, $parse, $interpolate, $timeout, $log, dateFilter, datepickerConfig) {
  var self = this,
      ngModelCtrl = { $setViewValue: angular.noop }; // nullModelCtrl;

  // Modes chain
  this.modes = ['day', 'month', 'year'];

  // Configuration attributes
  angular.forEach(['formatDay', 'formatMonth', 'formatYear', 'formatDayHeader', 'formatDayTitle', 'formatMonthTitle',
                   'minMode', 'maxMode', 'showWeeks', 'startingDay', 'yearRange'], function( key, index ) {
    self[key] = angular.isDefined($attrs[key]) ? (index < 8 ? $interpolate($attrs[key])($scope.$parent) : $scope.$parent.$eval($attrs[key])) : datepickerConfig[key];
  });

  // Watchable attributes
  angular.forEach(['minDate', 'maxDate'], function( key ) {
    if ( $attrs[key] ) {
      $scope.$parent.$watch($parse($attrs[key]), function(value) {
        self[key] = value ? new Date(value) : null;
        self.refreshView();
      });
    } else {
      self[key] = datepickerConfig[key] ? new Date(datepickerConfig[key]) : null;
    }
  });

  $scope.datepickerMode = $scope.datepickerMode || datepickerConfig.datepickerMode;
  $scope.uniqueId = 'datepicker-' + $scope.$id + '-' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000);
  this.activeDate = angular.isDefined($attrs.initDate) ? $scope.$parent.$eval($attrs.initDate) : new Date();

  $scope.isActive = function(dateObject) {
    if (self.compare(dateObject.date, self.activeDate) === 0) {
      $scope.activeDateId = dateObject.uid;
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  };

  this.init = function( ngModelCtrl_ ) {
    ngModelCtrl = ngModelCtrl_;

    ngModelCtrl.$render = function() {
      self.render();
    };
  };

  this.render = function() {
    if ( ngModelCtrl.$modelValue ) {
      var date = new Date( ngModelCtrl.$modelValue ),
          isValid = !isNaN(date);

      if ( isValid ) {
        this.activeDate = date;
      } else {
        $log.error('Datepicker directive: "ng-model" value must be a Date object, a number of milliseconds since 01.01.1970 or a string representing an RFC2822 or ISO 8601 date.');
      }
      ngModelCtrl.$setValidity('date', isValid);
    }
    this.refreshView();
  };

  this.refreshView = function() {
    if ( this.element ) {
      this._refreshView();

      var date = ngModelCtrl.$modelValue ? new Date(ngModelCtrl.$modelValue) : null;
      ngModelCtrl.$setValidity('date-disabled', !date || (this.element && !this.isDisabled(date)));
    }
  };

  this.createDateObject = function(date, format) {
    var model = ngModelCtrl.$modelValue ? new Date(ngModelCtrl.$modelValue) : null;
    return {
      date: date,
      label: dateFilter(date, format),
      selected: model && this.compare(date, model) === 0,
      disabled: this.isDisabled(date),
      current: this.compare(date, new Date()) === 0
    };
  };

  this.isDisabled = function( date ) {
    return ((this.minDate && this.compare(date, this.minDate) < 0) || (this.maxDate && this.compare(date, this.maxDate) > 0) || ($attrs.dateDisabled && $scope.dateDisabled({date: date, mode: $scope.datepickerMode})));
  };

  // Split array into smaller arrays
  this.split = function(arr, size) {
    var arrays = [];
    while (arr.length > 0) {
      arrays.push(arr.splice(0, size));
    }
    return arrays;
  };

  $scope.select = function( date ) {
    if ( $scope.datepickerMode === self.minMode ) {
      var dt = ngModelCtrl.$modelValue ? new Date( ngModelCtrl.$modelValue ) : new Date(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
      dt.setFullYear( date.getFullYear(), date.getMonth(), date.getDate() );
      ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue( dt );
      ngModelCtrl.$render();
    } else {
      self.activeDate = date;
      $scope.datepickerMode = self.modes[ self.modes.indexOf( $scope.datepickerMode ) - 1 ];
    }
  };

  $scope.move = function( direction ) {
    var year = self.activeDate.getFullYear() + direction * (self.step.years || 0),
        month = self.activeDate.getMonth() + direction * (self.step.months || 0);
    self.activeDate.setFullYear(year, month, 1);
    self.refreshView();
  };

  $scope.toggleMode = function( direction ) {
    direction = direction || 1;

    if (($scope.datepickerMode === self.maxMode && direction === 1) || ($scope.datepickerMode === self.minMode && direction === -1)) {
      return;
    }

    $scope.datepickerMode = self.modes[ self.modes.indexOf( $scope.datepickerMode ) + direction ];
  };

  // Key event mapper
  $scope.keys = { 13:'enter', 32:'space', 33:'pageup', 34:'pagedown', 35:'end', 36:'home', 37:'left', 38:'up', 39:'right', 40:'down' };

  var focusElement = function() {
    $timeout(function() {
      self.element[0].focus();
    }, 0 , false);
  };

  // Listen for focus requests from popup directive
  $scope.$on('datepicker.focus', focusElement);

  $scope.keydown = function( evt ) {
    var key = $scope.keys[evt.which];

    if ( !key || evt.shiftKey || evt.altKey ) {
      return;
    }

    evt.preventDefault();
    evt.stopPropagation();

    if (key === 'enter' || key === 'space') {
      if ( self.isDisabled(self.activeDate)) {
        return; // do nothing
      }
      $scope.select(self.activeDate);
      focusElement();
    } else if (evt.ctrlKey && (key === 'up' || key === 'down')) {
      $scope.toggleMode(key === 'up' ? 1 : -1);
      focusElement();
    } else {
      self.handleKeyDown(key, evt);
      self.refreshView();
    }
  };
}])

.directive( 'datepicker', function () {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    replace: true,
    templateUrl: 'template/datepicker/datepicker.html',
    scope: {
      datepickerMode: '=?',
      dateDisabled: '&'
    },
    require: ['datepicker', '?^ngModel'],
    controller: 'DatepickerController',
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
      var datepickerCtrl = ctrls[0], ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];

      if ( ngModelCtrl ) {
        datepickerCtrl.init( ngModelCtrl );
      }
    }
  };
})

.directive('daypicker', ['dateFilter', function (dateFilter) {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    replace: true,
    templateUrl: 'template/datepicker/day.html',
    require: '^datepicker',
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrl) {
      scope.showWeeks = ctrl.showWeeks;

      ctrl.step = { months: 1 };
      ctrl.element = element;

      var DAYS_IN_MONTH = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31];
      function getDaysInMonth( year, month ) {
        return ((month === 1) && (year % 4 === 0) && ((year % 100 !== 0) || (year % 400 === 0))) ? 29 : DAYS_IN_MONTH[month];
      }

      function getDates(startDate, n) {
        var dates = new Array(n), current = new Date(startDate), i = 0;
        current.setHours(12); // Prevent repeated dates because of timezone bug
        while ( i < n ) {
          dates[i++] = new Date(current);
          current.setDate( current.getDate() + 1 );
        }
        return dates;
      }

      ctrl._refreshView = function() {
        var year = ctrl.activeDate.getFullYear(),
          month = ctrl.activeDate.getMonth(),
          firstDayOfMonth = new Date(year, month, 1),
          difference = ctrl.startingDay - firstDayOfMonth.getDay(),
          numDisplayedFromPreviousMonth = (difference > 0) ? 7 - difference : - difference,
          firstDate = new Date(firstDayOfMonth);

        if ( numDisplayedFromPreviousMonth > 0 ) {
          firstDate.setDate( - numDisplayedFromPreviousMonth + 1 );
        }

        // 42 is the number of days on a six-month calendar
        var days = getDates(firstDate, 42);
        for (var i = 0; i < 42; i ++) {
          days[i] = angular.extend(ctrl.createDateObject(days[i], ctrl.formatDay), {
            secondary: days[i].getMonth() !== month,
            uid: scope.uniqueId + '-' + i
          });
        }

        scope.labels = new Array(7);
        for (var j = 0; j < 7; j++) {
          scope.labels[j] = {
            abbr: dateFilter(days[j].date, ctrl.formatDayHeader),
            full: dateFilter(days[j].date, 'EEEE')
          };
        }

        scope.title = dateFilter(ctrl.activeDate, ctrl.formatDayTitle);
        scope.rows = ctrl.split(days, 7);

        if ( scope.showWeeks ) {
          scope.weekNumbers = [];
          var weekNumber = getISO8601WeekNumber( scope.rows[0][0].date ),
              numWeeks = scope.rows.length;
          while( scope.weekNumbers.push(weekNumber++) < numWeeks ) {}
        }
      };

      ctrl.compare = function(date1, date2) {
        return (new Date( date1.getFullYear(), date1.getMonth(), date1.getDate() ) - new Date( date2.getFullYear(), date2.getMonth(), date2.getDate() ) );
      };

      function getISO8601WeekNumber(date) {
        var checkDate = new Date(date);
        checkDate.setDate(checkDate.getDate() + 4 - (checkDate.getDay() || 7)); // Thursday
        var time = checkDate.getTime();
        checkDate.setMonth(0); // Compare with Jan 1
        checkDate.setDate(1);
        return Math.floor(Math.round((time - checkDate) / 86400000) / 7) + 1;
      }

      ctrl.handleKeyDown = function( key, evt ) {
        var date = ctrl.activeDate.getDate();

        if (key === 'left') {
          date = date - 1;   // up
        } else if (key === 'up') {
          date = date - 7;   // down
        } else if (key === 'right') {
          date = date + 1;   // down
        } else if (key === 'down') {
          date = date + 7;
        } else if (key === 'pageup' || key === 'pagedown') {
          var month = ctrl.activeDate.getMonth() + (key === 'pageup' ? - 1 : 1);
          ctrl.activeDate.setMonth(month, 1);
          date = Math.min(getDaysInMonth(ctrl.activeDate.getFullYear(), ctrl.activeDate.getMonth()), date);
        } else if (key === 'home') {
          date = 1;
        } else if (key === 'end') {
          date = getDaysInMonth(ctrl.activeDate.getFullYear(), ctrl.activeDate.getMonth());
        }
        ctrl.activeDate.setDate(date);
      };

      ctrl.refreshView();
    }
  };
}])

.directive('monthpicker', ['dateFilter', function (dateFilter) {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    replace: true,
    templateUrl: 'template/datepicker/month.html',
    require: '^datepicker',
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrl) {
      ctrl.step = { years: 1 };
      ctrl.element = element;

      ctrl._refreshView = function() {
        var months = new Array(12),
            year = ctrl.activeDate.getFullYear();

        for ( var i = 0; i < 12; i++ ) {
          months[i] = angular.extend(ctrl.createDateObject(new Date(year, i, 1), ctrl.formatMonth), {
            uid: scope.uniqueId + '-' + i
          });
        }

        scope.title = dateFilter(ctrl.activeDate, ctrl.formatMonthTitle);
        scope.rows = ctrl.split(months, 3);
      };

      ctrl.compare = function(date1, date2) {
        return new Date( date1.getFullYear(), date1.getMonth() ) - new Date( date2.getFullYear(), date2.getMonth() );
      };

      ctrl.handleKeyDown = function( key, evt ) {
        var date = ctrl.activeDate.getMonth();

        if (key === 'left') {
          date = date - 1;   // up
        } else if (key === 'up') {
          date = date - 3;   // down
        } else if (key === 'right') {
          date = date + 1;   // down
        } else if (key === 'down') {
          date = date + 3;
        } else if (key === 'pageup' || key === 'pagedown') {
          var year = ctrl.activeDate.getFullYear() + (key === 'pageup' ? - 1 : 1);
          ctrl.activeDate.setFullYear(year);
        } else if (key === 'home') {
          date = 0;
        } else if (key === 'end') {
          date = 11;
        }
        ctrl.activeDate.setMonth(date);
      };

      ctrl.refreshView();
    }
  };
}])

.directive('yearpicker', ['dateFilter', function (dateFilter) {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    replace: true,
    templateUrl: 'template/datepicker/year.html',
    require: '^datepicker',
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrl) {
      var range = ctrl.yearRange;

      ctrl.step = { years: range };
      ctrl.element = element;

      function getStartingYear( year ) {
        return parseInt((year - 1) / range, 10) * range + 1;
      }

      ctrl._refreshView = function() {
        var years = new Array(range);

        for ( var i = 0, start = getStartingYear(ctrl.activeDate.getFullYear()); i < range; i++ ) {
          years[i] = angular.extend(ctrl.createDateObject(new Date(start + i, 0, 1), ctrl.formatYear), {
            uid: scope.uniqueId + '-' + i
          });
        }

        scope.title = [years[0].label, years[range - 1].label].join(' - ');
        scope.rows = ctrl.split(years, 5);
      };

      ctrl.compare = function(date1, date2) {
        return date1.getFullYear() - date2.getFullYear();
      };

      ctrl.handleKeyDown = function( key, evt ) {
        var date = ctrl.activeDate.getFullYear();

        if (key === 'left') {
          date = date - 1;   // up
        } else if (key === 'up') {
          date = date - 5;   // down
        } else if (key === 'right') {
          date = date + 1;   // down
        } else if (key === 'down') {
          date = date + 5;
        } else if (key === 'pageup' || key === 'pagedown') {
          date += (key === 'pageup' ? - 1 : 1) * ctrl.step.years;
        } else if (key === 'home') {
          date = getStartingYear( ctrl.activeDate.getFullYear() );
        } else if (key === 'end') {
          date = getStartingYear( ctrl.activeDate.getFullYear() ) + range - 1;
        }
        ctrl.activeDate.setFullYear(date);
      };

      ctrl.refreshView();
    }
  };
}])

.constant('datepickerPopupConfig', {
  datepickerPopup: 'yyyy-MM-dd',
  currentText: 'Today',
  clearText: 'Clear',
  closeText: 'Done',
  closeOnDateSelection: true,
  appendToBody: false,
  showButtonBar: true
})

.directive('datepickerPopup', ['$compile', '$parse', '$document', '$position', 'dateFilter', 'dateParser', 'datepickerPopupConfig',
function ($compile, $parse, $document, $position, dateFilter, dateParser, datepickerPopupConfig) {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    require: 'ngModel',
    scope: {
      isOpen: '=?',
      currentText: '@',
      clearText: '@',
      closeText: '@',
      dateDisabled: '&'
    },
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
      var dateFormat,
          closeOnDateSelection = angular.isDefined(attrs.closeOnDateSelection) ? scope.$parent.$eval(attrs.closeOnDateSelection) : datepickerPopupConfig.closeOnDateSelection,
          appendToBody = angular.isDefined(attrs.datepickerAppendToBody) ? scope.$parent.$eval(attrs.datepickerAppendToBody) : datepickerPopupConfig.appendToBody;

      scope.showButtonBar = angular.isDefined(attrs.showButtonBar) ? scope.$parent.$eval(attrs.showButtonBar) : datepickerPopupConfig.showButtonBar;

      scope.getText = function( key ) {
        return scope[key + 'Text'] || datepickerPopupConfig[key + 'Text'];
      };

      attrs.$observe('datepickerPopup', function(value) {
          dateFormat = value || datepickerPopupConfig.datepickerPopup;
          ngModel.$render();
      });

      // popup element used to display calendar
      var popupEl = angular.element('<div datepicker-popup-wrap><div datepicker></div></div>');
      popupEl.attr({
        'ng-model': 'date',
        'ng-change': 'dateSelection()'
      });

      function cameltoDash( string ){
        return string.replace(/([A-Z])/g, function($1) { return '-' + $1.toLowerCase(); });
      }

      // datepicker element
      var datepickerEl = angular.element(popupEl.children()[0]);
      if ( attrs.datepickerOptions ) {
        angular.forEach(scope.$parent.$eval(attrs.datepickerOptions), function( value, option ) {
          datepickerEl.attr( cameltoDash(option), value );
        });
      }

      angular.forEach(['minDate', 'maxDate'], function( key ) {
        if ( attrs[key] ) {
          scope.$parent.$watch($parse(attrs[key]), function(value){
            scope[key] = value;
          });
          datepickerEl.attr(cameltoDash(key), key);
        }
      });
      if (attrs.dateDisabled) {
        datepickerEl.attr('date-disabled', 'dateDisabled({ date: date, mode: mode })');
      }

      function parseDate(viewValue) {
        if (!viewValue) {
          ngModel.$setValidity('date', true);
          return null;
        } else if (angular.isDate(viewValue) && !isNaN(viewValue)) {
          ngModel.$setValidity('date', true);
          return viewValue;
        } else if (angular.isString(viewValue)) {
          var date = dateParser.parse(viewValue, dateFormat) || new Date(viewValue);
          if (isNaN(date)) {
            ngModel.$setValidity('date', false);
            return undefined;
          } else {
            ngModel.$setValidity('date', true);
            return date;
          }
        } else {
          ngModel.$setValidity('date', false);
          return undefined;
        }
      }
      ngModel.$parsers.unshift(parseDate);

      // Inner change
      scope.dateSelection = function(dt) {
        if (angular.isDefined(dt)) {
          scope.date = dt;
        }
        ngModel.$setViewValue(scope.date);
        ngModel.$render();

        if ( closeOnDateSelection ) {
          scope.isOpen = false;
          element[0].focus();
        }
      };

      element.bind('input change keyup', function() {
        scope.$apply(function() {
          scope.date = ngModel.$modelValue;
        });
      });

      // Outter change
      ngModel.$render = function() {
        var date = ngModel.$viewValue ? dateFilter(ngModel.$viewValue, dateFormat) : '';
        element.val(date);
        scope.date = parseDate( ngModel.$modelValue );
      };

      var documentClickBind = function(event) {
        if (scope.isOpen && event.target !== element[0]) {
          scope.$apply(function() {
            scope.isOpen = false;
          });
        }
      };

      var keydown = function(evt, noApply) {
        scope.keydown(evt);
      };
      element.bind('keydown', keydown);

      scope.keydown = function(evt) {
        if (evt.which === 27) {
          evt.preventDefault();
          evt.stopPropagation();
          scope.close();
        } else if (evt.which === 40 && !scope.isOpen) {
          scope.isOpen = true;
        }
      };

      scope.$watch('isOpen', function(value) {
        if (value) {
          scope.$broadcast('datepicker.focus');
          scope.position = appendToBody ? $position.offset(element) : $position.position(element);
          scope.position.top = scope.position.top + element.prop('offsetHeight');

          $document.bind('click', documentClickBind);
        } else {
          $document.unbind('click', documentClickBind);
        }
      });

      scope.select = function( date ) {
        if (date === 'today') {
          var today = new Date();
          if (angular.isDate(ngModel.$modelValue)) {
            date = new Date(ngModel.$modelValue);
            date.setFullYear(today.getFullYear(), today.getMonth(), today.getDate());
          } else {
            date = new Date(today.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0));
          }
        }
        scope.dateSelection( date );
      };

      scope.close = function() {
        scope.isOpen = false;
        element[0].focus();
      };

      var $popup = $compile(popupEl)(scope);
      if ( appendToBody ) {
        $document.find('body').append($popup);
      } else {
        element.after($popup);
      }

      scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
        $popup.remove();
        element.unbind('keydown', keydown);
        $document.unbind('click', documentClickBind);
      });
    }
  };
}])

.directive('datepickerPopupWrap', function() {
  return {
    restrict:'EA',
    replace: true,
    transclude: true,
    templateUrl: 'template/datepicker/popup.html',
    link:function (scope, element, attrs) {
      element.bind('click', function(event) {
        event.preventDefault();
        event.stopPropagation();
      });
    }
  };
});

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.dropdown', [])

.constant('dropdownConfig', {
  openClass: 'open'
})

.service('dropdownService', ['$document', function($document) {
  var openScope = null;

  this.open = function( dropdownScope ) {
    if ( !openScope ) {
      $document.bind('click', closeDropdown);
      $document.bind('keydown', escapeKeyBind);
    }

    if ( openScope && openScope !== dropdownScope ) {
        openScope.isOpen = false;
    }

    openScope = dropdownScope;
  };

  this.close = function( dropdownScope ) {
    if ( openScope === dropdownScope ) {
      openScope = null;
      $document.unbind('click', closeDropdown);
      $document.unbind('keydown', escapeKeyBind);
    }
  };

  var closeDropdown = function( evt ) {
    if (evt && evt.isDefaultPrevented()) {
        return;
    }

    openScope.$apply(function() {
      openScope.isOpen = false;
    });
  };

  var escapeKeyBind = function( evt ) {
    if ( evt.which === 27 ) {
      openScope.focusToggleElement();
      closeDropdown();
    }
  };
}])

.controller('DropdownController', ['$scope', '$attrs', '$parse', 'dropdownConfig', 'dropdownService', '$animate', function($scope, $attrs, $parse, dropdownConfig, dropdownService, $animate) {
  var self = this,
      scope = $scope.$new(), // create a child scope so we are not polluting original one
      openClass = dropdownConfig.openClass,
      getIsOpen,
      setIsOpen = angular.noop,
      toggleInvoker = $attrs.onToggle ? $parse($attrs.onToggle) : angular.noop;

  this.init = function( element ) {
    self.$element = element;

    if ( $attrs.isOpen ) {
      getIsOpen = $parse($attrs.isOpen);
      setIsOpen = getIsOpen.assign;

      $scope.$watch(getIsOpen, function(value) {
        scope.isOpen = !!value;
      });
    }
  };

  this.toggle = function( open ) {
    return scope.isOpen = arguments.length ? !!open : !scope.isOpen;
  };

  // Allow other directives to watch status
  this.isOpen = function() {
    return scope.isOpen;
  };

  scope.focusToggleElement = function() {
    if ( self.toggleElement ) {
      self.toggleElement[0].focus();
    }
  };

  scope.$watch('isOpen', function( isOpen, wasOpen ) {
    $animate[isOpen ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass'](self.$element, openClass);

    if ( isOpen ) {
      scope.focusToggleElement();
      dropdownService.open( scope );
    } else {
      dropdownService.close( scope );
    }

    setIsOpen($scope, isOpen);
    if (angular.isDefined(isOpen) && isOpen !== wasOpen) {
      toggleInvoker($scope, { open: !!isOpen });
    }
  });

  $scope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', function() {
    scope.isOpen = false;
  });

  $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
    scope.$destroy();
  });
}])

.directive('dropdown', function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'CA',
    controller: 'DropdownController',
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, dropdownCtrl) {
      dropdownCtrl.init( element );
    }
  };
})

.directive('dropdownToggle', function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'CA',
    require: '?^dropdown',
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, dropdownCtrl) {
      if ( !dropdownCtrl ) {
        return;
      }

      dropdownCtrl.toggleElement = element;

      var toggleDropdown = function(event) {
        event.preventDefault();

        if ( !element.hasClass('disabled') && !attrs.disabled ) {
          scope.$apply(function() {
            dropdownCtrl.toggle();
          });
        }
      };

      element.bind('click', toggleDropdown);

      // WAI-ARIA
      element.attr({ 'aria-haspopup': true, 'aria-expanded': false });
      scope.$watch(dropdownCtrl.isOpen, function( isOpen ) {
        element.attr('aria-expanded', !!isOpen);
      });

      scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
        element.unbind('click', toggleDropdown);
      });
    }
  };
});

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.modal', ['ui.bootstrap.transition'])

/**
 * A helper, internal data structure that acts as a map but also allows getting / removing
 * elements in the LIFO order
 */
  .factory('$$stackedMap', function () {
    return {
      createNew: function () {
        var stack = [];

        return {
          add: function (key, value) {
            stack.push({
              key: key,
              value: value
            });
          },
          get: function (key) {
            for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; i++) {
              if (key == stack[i].key) {
                return stack[i];
              }
            }
          },
          keys: function() {
            var keys = [];
            for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; i++) {
              keys.push(stack[i].key);
            }
            return keys;
          },
          top: function () {
            return stack[stack.length - 1];
          },
          remove: function (key) {
            var idx = -1;
            for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; i++) {
              if (key == stack[i].key) {
                idx = i;
                break;
              }
            }
            return stack.splice(idx, 1)[0];
          },
          removeTop: function () {
            return stack.splice(stack.length - 1, 1)[0];
          },
          length: function () {
            return stack.length;
          }
        };
      }
    };
  })

/**
 * A helper directive for the $modal service. It creates a backdrop element.
 */
  .directive('modalBackdrop', ['$timeout', function ($timeout) {
    return {
      restrict: 'EA',
      replace: true,
      templateUrl: 'template/modal/backdrop.html',
      link: function (scope) {

        scope.animate = false;

        //trigger CSS transitions
        $timeout(function () {
          scope.animate = true;
        });
      }
    };
  }])

  .directive('modalWindow', ['$modalStack', '$timeout', function ($modalStack, $timeout) {
    return {
      restrict: 'EA',
      scope: {
        index: '@',
        animate: '='
      },
      replace: true,
      transclude: true,
      templateUrl: function(tElement, tAttrs) {
        return tAttrs.templateUrl || 'template/modal/window.html';
      },
      link: function (scope, element, attrs) {
        element.addClass(attrs.windowClass || '');
        scope.size = attrs.size;

        $timeout(function () {
          // trigger CSS transitions
          scope.animate = true;
          // focus a freshly-opened modal
          element[0].focus();
        });

        scope.close = function (evt) {
          var modal = $modalStack.getTop();
          if (modal && modal.value.backdrop && modal.value.backdrop != 'static' && (evt.target === evt.currentTarget)) {
            evt.preventDefault();
            evt.stopPropagation();
            $modalStack.dismiss(modal.key, 'backdrop click');
          }
        };
      }
    };
  }])

  .factory('$modalStack', ['$transition', '$timeout', '$document', '$compile', '$rootScope', '$$stackedMap',
    function ($transition, $timeout, $document, $compile, $rootScope, $$stackedMap) {

      var OPENED_MODAL_CLASS = 'modal-open';

      var backdropDomEl, backdropScope;
      var openedWindows = $$stackedMap.createNew();
      var $modalStack = {};

      function backdropIndex() {
        var topBackdropIndex = -1;
        var opened = openedWindows.keys();
        for (var i = 0; i < opened.length; i++) {
          if (openedWindows.get(opened[i]).value.backdrop) {
            topBackdropIndex = i;
          }
        }
        return topBackdropIndex;
      }

      $rootScope.$watch(backdropIndex, function(newBackdropIndex){
        if (backdropScope) {
          backdropScope.index = newBackdropIndex;
        }
      });

      function removeModalWindow(modalInstance) {

        var body = $document.find('body').eq(0);
        var modalWindow = openedWindows.get(modalInstance).value;

        //clean up the stack
        openedWindows.remove(modalInstance);

        //remove window DOM element
        removeAfterAnimate(modalWindow.modalDomEl, modalWindow.modalScope, 300, function() {
          modalWindow.modalScope.$destroy();
          body.toggleClass(OPENED_MODAL_CLASS, openedWindows.length() > 0);
          checkRemoveBackdrop();
        });
      }

      function checkRemoveBackdrop() {
          //remove backdrop if no longer needed
          if (backdropDomEl && backdropIndex() == -1) {
            var backdropScopeRef = backdropScope;
            removeAfterAnimate(backdropDomEl, backdropScope, 150, function () {
              backdropScopeRef.$destroy();
              backdropScopeRef = null;
            });
            backdropDomEl = undefined;
            backdropScope = undefined;
          }
      }

      function removeAfterAnimate(domEl, scope, emulateTime, done) {
        // Closing animation
        scope.animate = false;

        var transitionEndEventName = $transition.transitionEndEventName;
        if (transitionEndEventName) {
          // transition out
          var timeout = $timeout(afterAnimating, emulateTime);

          domEl.bind(transitionEndEventName, function () {
            $timeout.cancel(timeout);
            afterAnimating();
            scope.$apply();
          });
        } else {
          // Ensure this call is async
          $timeout(afterAnimating, 0);
        }

        function afterAnimating() {
          if (afterAnimating.done) {
            return;
          }
          afterAnimating.done = true;

          domEl.remove();
          if (done) {
            done();
          }
        }
      }

      $document.bind('keydown', function (evt) {
        var modal;

        if (evt.which === 27) {
          modal = openedWindows.top();
          if (modal && modal.value.keyboard) {
            evt.preventDefault();
            $rootScope.$apply(function () {
              $modalStack.dismiss(modal.key, 'escape key press');
            });
          }
        }
      });

      $modalStack.open = function (modalInstance, modal) {

        openedWindows.add(modalInstance, {
          deferred: modal.deferred,
          modalScope: modal.scope,
          backdrop: modal.backdrop,
          keyboard: modal.keyboard
        });

        var body = $document.find('body').eq(0),
            currBackdropIndex = backdropIndex();

        if (currBackdropIndex >= 0 && !backdropDomEl) {
          backdropScope = $rootScope.$new(true);
          backdropScope.index = currBackdropIndex;
          backdropDomEl = $compile('<div modal-backdrop></div>')(backdropScope);
          body.append(backdropDomEl);
        }

        var angularDomEl = angular.element('<div modal-window></div>');
        angularDomEl.attr({
          'template-url': modal.windowTemplateUrl,
          'window-class': modal.windowClass,
          'size': modal.size,
          'index': openedWindows.length() - 1,
          'animate': 'animate'
        }).html(modal.content);

        var modalDomEl = $compile(angularDomEl)(modal.scope);
        openedWindows.top().value.modalDomEl = modalDomEl;
        body.append(modalDomEl);
        body.addClass(OPENED_MODAL_CLASS);
      };

      $modalStack.close = function (modalInstance, result) {
        var modalWindow = openedWindows.get(modalInstance).value;
        if (modalWindow) {
          modalWindow.deferred.resolve(result);
          removeModalWindow(modalInstance);
        }
      };

      $modalStack.dismiss = function (modalInstance, reason) {
        var modalWindow = openedWindows.get(modalInstance).value;
        if (modalWindow) {
          modalWindow.deferred.reject(reason);
          removeModalWindow(modalInstance);
        }
      };

      $modalStack.dismissAll = function (reason) {
        var topModal = this.getTop();
        while (topModal) {
          this.dismiss(topModal.key, reason);
          topModal = this.getTop();
        }
      };

      $modalStack.getTop = function () {
        return openedWindows.top();
      };

      return $modalStack;
    }])

  .provider('$modal', function () {

    var $modalProvider = {
      options: {
        backdrop: true, //can be also false or 'static'
        keyboard: true
      },
      $get: ['$injector', '$rootScope', '$q', '$http', '$templateCache', '$controller', '$modalStack',
        function ($injector, $rootScope, $q, $http, $templateCache, $controller, $modalStack) {

          var $modal = {};

          function getTemplatePromise(options) {
            return options.template ? $q.when(options.template) :
              $http.get(options.templateUrl, {cache: $templateCache}).then(function (result) {
                return result.data;
              });
          }

          function getResolvePromises(resolves) {
            var promisesArr = [];
            angular.forEach(resolves, function (value, key) {
              if (angular.isFunction(value) || angular.isArray(value)) {
                promisesArr.push($q.when($injector.invoke(value)));
              }
            });
            return promisesArr;
          }

          $modal.open = function (modalOptions) {

            var modalResultDeferred = $q.defer();
            var modalOpenedDeferred = $q.defer();

            //prepare an instance of a modal to be injected into controllers and returned to a caller
            var modalInstance = {
              result: modalResultDeferred.promise,
              opened: modalOpenedDeferred.promise,
              close: function (result) {
                $modalStack.close(modalInstance, result);
              },
              dismiss: function (reason) {
                $modalStack.dismiss(modalInstance, reason);
              }
            };

            //merge and clean up options
            modalOptions = angular.extend({}, $modalProvider.options, modalOptions);
            modalOptions.resolve = modalOptions.resolve || {};

            //verify options
            if (!modalOptions.template && !modalOptions.templateUrl) {
              throw new Error('One of template or templateUrl options is required.');
            }

            var templateAndResolvePromise =
              $q.all([getTemplatePromise(modalOptions)].concat(getResolvePromises(modalOptions.resolve)));


            templateAndResolvePromise.then(function resolveSuccess(tplAndVars) {

              var modalScope = (modalOptions.scope || $rootScope).$new();
              modalScope.$close = modalInstance.close;
              modalScope.$dismiss = modalInstance.dismiss;

              var ctrlInstance, ctrlLocals = {};
              var resolveIter = 1;

              //controllers
              if (modalOptions.controller) {
                ctrlLocals.$scope = modalScope;
                ctrlLocals.$modalInstance = modalInstance;
                angular.forEach(modalOptions.resolve, function (value, key) {
                  ctrlLocals[key] = tplAndVars[resolveIter++];
                });

                ctrlInstance = $controller(modalOptions.controller, ctrlLocals);
              }

              $modalStack.open(modalInstance, {
                scope: modalScope,
                deferred: modalResultDeferred,
                content: tplAndVars[0],
                backdrop: modalOptions.backdrop,
                keyboard: modalOptions.keyboard,
                windowClass: modalOptions.windowClass,
                windowTemplateUrl: modalOptions.windowTemplateUrl,
                size: modalOptions.size
              });

            }, function resolveError(reason) {
              modalResultDeferred.reject(reason);
            });

            templateAndResolvePromise.then(function () {
              modalOpenedDeferred.resolve(true);
            }, function () {
              modalOpenedDeferred.reject(false);
            });

            return modalInstance;
          };

          return $modal;
        }]
    };

    return $modalProvider;
  });

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.pagination', [])

.controller('PaginationController', ['$scope', '$attrs', '$parse', function ($scope, $attrs, $parse) {
  var self = this,
      ngModelCtrl = { $setViewValue: angular.noop }, // nullModelCtrl
      setNumPages = $attrs.numPages ? $parse($attrs.numPages).assign : angular.noop;

  this.init = function(ngModelCtrl_, config) {
    ngModelCtrl = ngModelCtrl_;
    this.config = config;

    ngModelCtrl.$render = function() {
      self.render();
    };

    if ($attrs.itemsPerPage) {
      $scope.$parent.$watch($parse($attrs.itemsPerPage), function(value) {
        self.itemsPerPage = parseInt(value, 10);
        $scope.totalPages = self.calculateTotalPages();
      });
    } else {
      this.itemsPerPage = config.itemsPerPage;
    }
  };

  this.calculateTotalPages = function() {
    var totalPages = this.itemsPerPage < 1 ? 1 : Math.ceil($scope.totalItems / this.itemsPerPage);
    return Math.max(totalPages || 0, 1);
  };

  this.render = function() {
    $scope.page = parseInt(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue, 10) || 1;
  };

  $scope.selectPage = function(page) {
    if ( $scope.page !== page && page > 0 && page <= $scope.totalPages) {
      ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(page);
      ngModelCtrl.$render();
    }
  };

  $scope.getText = function( key ) {
    return $scope[key + 'Text'] || self.config[key + 'Text'];
  };
  $scope.noPrevious = function() {
    return $scope.page === 1;
  };
  $scope.noNext = function() {
    return $scope.page === $scope.totalPages;
  };

  $scope.$watch('totalItems', function() {
    $scope.totalPages = self.calculateTotalPages();
  });

  $scope.$watch('totalPages', function(value) {
    setNumPages($scope.$parent, value); // Readonly variable

    if ( $scope.page > value ) {
      $scope.selectPage(value);
    } else {
      ngModelCtrl.$render();
    }
  });
}])

.constant('paginationConfig', {
  itemsPerPage: 10,
  boundaryLinks: false,
  directionLinks: true,
  firstText: 'First',
  previousText: 'Previous',
  nextText: 'Next',
  lastText: 'Last',
  rotate: true
})

.directive('pagination', ['$parse', 'paginationConfig', function($parse, paginationConfig) {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    scope: {
      totalItems: '=',
      firstText: '@',
      previousText: '@',
      nextText: '@',
      lastText: '@'
    },
    require: ['pagination', '?ngModel'],
    controller: 'PaginationController',
    templateUrl: 'template/pagination/pagination.html',
    replace: true,
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
      var paginationCtrl = ctrls[0], ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];

      if (!ngModelCtrl) {
         return; // do nothing if no ng-model
      }

      // Setup configuration parameters
      var maxSize = angular.isDefined(attrs.maxSize) ? scope.$parent.$eval(attrs.maxSize) : paginationConfig.maxSize,
          rotate = angular.isDefined(attrs.rotate) ? scope.$parent.$eval(attrs.rotate) : paginationConfig.rotate;
      scope.boundaryLinks = angular.isDefined(attrs.boundaryLinks) ? scope.$parent.$eval(attrs.boundaryLinks) : paginationConfig.boundaryLinks;
      scope.directionLinks = angular.isDefined(attrs.directionLinks) ? scope.$parent.$eval(attrs.directionLinks) : paginationConfig.directionLinks;

      paginationCtrl.init(ngModelCtrl, paginationConfig);

      if (attrs.maxSize) {
        scope.$parent.$watch($parse(attrs.maxSize), function(value) {
          maxSize = parseInt(value, 10);
          paginationCtrl.render();
        });
      }

      // Create page object used in template
      function makePage(number, text, isActive) {
        return {
          number: number,
          text: text,
          active: isActive
        };
      }

      function getPages(currentPage, totalPages) {
        var pages = [];

        // Default page limits
        var startPage = 1, endPage = totalPages;
        var isMaxSized = ( angular.isDefined(maxSize) && maxSize < totalPages );

        // recompute if maxSize
        if ( isMaxSized ) {
          if ( rotate ) {
            // Current page is displayed in the middle of the visible ones
            startPage = Math.max(currentPage - Math.floor(maxSize/2), 1);
            endPage   = startPage + maxSize - 1;

            // Adjust if limit is exceeded
            if (endPage > totalPages) {
              endPage   = totalPages;
              startPage = endPage - maxSize + 1;
            }
          } else {
            // Visible pages are paginated with maxSize
            startPage = ((Math.ceil(currentPage / maxSize) - 1) * maxSize) + 1;

            // Adjust last page if limit is exceeded
            endPage = Math.min(startPage + maxSize - 1, totalPages);
          }
        }

        // Add page number links
        for (var number = startPage; number <= endPage; number++) {
          var page = makePage(number, number, number === currentPage);
          pages.push(page);
        }

        // Add links to move between page sets
        if ( isMaxSized && ! rotate ) {
          if ( startPage > 1 ) {
            var previousPageSet = makePage(startPage - 1, '...', false);
            pages.unshift(previousPageSet);
          }

          if ( endPage < totalPages ) {
            var nextPageSet = makePage(endPage + 1, '...', false);
            pages.push(nextPageSet);
          }
        }

        return pages;
      }

      var originalRender = paginationCtrl.render;
      paginationCtrl.render = function() {
        originalRender();
        if (scope.page > 0 && scope.page <= scope.totalPages) {
          scope.pages = getPages(scope.page, scope.totalPages);
        }
      };
    }
  };
}])

.constant('pagerConfig', {
  itemsPerPage: 10,
  previousText: '« Previous',
  nextText: 'Next »',
  align: true
})

.directive('pager', ['pagerConfig', function(pagerConfig) {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    scope: {
      totalItems: '=',
      previousText: '@',
      nextText: '@'
    },
    require: ['pager', '?ngModel'],
    controller: 'PaginationController',
    templateUrl: 'template/pagination/pager.html',
    replace: true,
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
      var paginationCtrl = ctrls[0], ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];

      if (!ngModelCtrl) {
         return; // do nothing if no ng-model
      }

      scope.align = angular.isDefined(attrs.align) ? scope.$parent.$eval(attrs.align) : pagerConfig.align;
      paginationCtrl.init(ngModelCtrl, pagerConfig);
    }
  };
}]);

/**
 * The following features are still outstanding: animation as a
 * function, placement as a function, inside, support for more triggers than
 * just mouse enter/leave, html tooltips, and selector delegation.
 */
angular.module( 'ui.bootstrap.tooltip', [ 'ui.bootstrap.position', 'ui.bootstrap.bindHtml' ] )

/**
 * The $tooltip service creates tooltip- and popover-like directives as well as
 * houses global options for them.
 */
.provider( '$tooltip', function () {
  // The default options tooltip and popover.
  var defaultOptions = {
    placement: 'top',
    animation: true,
    popupDelay: 0
  };

  // Default hide triggers for each show trigger
  var triggerMap = {
    'mouseenter': 'mouseleave',
    'click': 'click',
    'focus': 'blur'
  };

  // The options specified to the provider globally.
  var globalOptions = {};

  /**
   * `options({})` allows global configuration of all tooltips in the
   * application.
   *
   *   var app = angular.module( 'App', ['ui.bootstrap.tooltip'], function( $tooltipProvider ) {
   *     // place tooltips left instead of top by default
   *     $tooltipProvider.options( { placement: 'left' } );
   *   });
   */
	this.options = function( value ) {
		angular.extend( globalOptions, value );
	};

  /**
   * This allows you to extend the set of trigger mappings available. E.g.:
   *
   *   $tooltipProvider.setTriggers( 'openTrigger': 'closeTrigger' );
   */
  this.setTriggers = function setTriggers ( triggers ) {
    angular.extend( triggerMap, triggers );
  };

  /**
   * This is a helper function for translating camel-case to snake-case.
   */
  function snake_case(name){
    var regexp = /[A-Z]/g;
    var separator = '-';
    return name.replace(regexp, function(letter, pos) {
      return (pos ? separator : '') + letter.toLowerCase();
    });
  }

  /**
   * Returns the actual instance of the $tooltip service.
   * TODO support multiple triggers
   */
  this.$get = [ '$window', '$compile', '$timeout', '$parse', '$document', '$position', '$interpolate', function ( $window, $compile, $timeout, $parse, $document, $position, $interpolate ) {
    return function $tooltip ( type, prefix, defaultTriggerShow ) {
      var options = angular.extend( {}, defaultOptions, globalOptions );

      /**
       * Returns an object of show and hide triggers.
       *
       * If a trigger is supplied,
       * it is used to show the tooltip; otherwise, it will use the `trigger`
       * option passed to the `$tooltipProvider.options` method; else it will
       * default to the trigger supplied to this directive factory.
       *
       * The hide trigger is based on the show trigger. If the `trigger` option
       * was passed to the `$tooltipProvider.options` method, it will use the
       * mapped trigger from `triggerMap` or the passed trigger if the map is
       * undefined; otherwise, it uses the `triggerMap` value of the show
       * trigger; else it will just use the show trigger.
       */
      function getTriggers ( trigger ) {
        var show = trigger || options.trigger || defaultTriggerShow;
        var hide = triggerMap[show] || show;
        return {
          show: show,
          hide: hide
        };
      }

      var directiveName = snake_case( type );

      var startSym = $interpolate.startSymbol();
      var endSym = $interpolate.endSymbol();
      var template =
        '<div '+ directiveName +'-popup '+
          'title="'+startSym+'tt_title'+endSym+'" '+
          'content="'+startSym+'tt_content'+endSym+'" '+
          'placement="'+startSym+'tt_placement'+endSym+'" '+
          'animation="tt_animation" '+
          'is-open="tt_isOpen"'+
          '>'+
        '</div>';

      return {
        restrict: 'EA',
        scope: true,
        compile: function (tElem, tAttrs) {
          var tooltipLinker = $compile( template );

          return function link ( scope, element, attrs ) {
            var tooltip;
            var transitionTimeout;
            var popupTimeout;
            var appendToBody = angular.isDefined( options.appendToBody ) ? options.appendToBody : false;
            var triggers = getTriggers( undefined );
            var hasEnableExp = angular.isDefined(attrs[prefix+'Enable']);

            var positionTooltip = function () {

              var ttPosition = $position.positionElements(element, tooltip, scope.tt_placement, appendToBody);
              ttPosition.top += 'px';
              ttPosition.left += 'px';

              // Now set the calculated positioning.
              tooltip.css( ttPosition );
            };

            // By default, the tooltip is not open.
            // TODO add ability to start tooltip opened
            scope.tt_isOpen = false;

            function toggleTooltipBind () {
              if ( ! scope.tt_isOpen ) {
                showTooltipBind();
              } else {
                hideTooltipBind();
              }
            }

            // Show the tooltip with delay if specified, otherwise show it immediately
            function showTooltipBind() {
              if(hasEnableExp && !scope.$eval(attrs[prefix+'Enable'])) {
                return;
              }
              if ( scope.tt_popupDelay ) {
                // Do nothing if the tooltip was already scheduled to pop-up.
                // This happens if show is triggered multiple times before any hide is triggered.
                if (!popupTimeout) {
                  popupTimeout = $timeout( show, scope.tt_popupDelay, false );
                  popupTimeout.then(function(reposition){reposition();});
                }
              } else {
                show()();
              }
            }

            function hideTooltipBind () {
              scope.$apply(function () {
                hide();
              });
            }

            // Show the tooltip popup element.
            function show() {

              popupTimeout = null;

              // If there is a pending remove transition, we must cancel it, lest the
              // tooltip be mysteriously removed.
              if ( transitionTimeout ) {
                $timeout.cancel( transitionTimeout );
                transitionTimeout = null;
              }

              // Don't show empty tooltips.
              if ( ! scope.tt_content ) {
                return angular.noop;
              }

              createTooltip();

              // Set the initial positioning.
              tooltip.css({ top: 0, left: 0, display: 'block' });

              // Now we add it to the DOM because need some info about it. But it's not 
              // visible yet anyway.
              if ( appendToBody ) {
                  $document.find( 'body' ).append( tooltip );
              } else {
                element.after( tooltip );
              }

              positionTooltip();

              // And show the tooltip.
              scope.tt_isOpen = true;
              scope.$digest(); // digest required as $apply is not called

              // Return positioning function as promise callback for correct
              // positioning after draw.
              return positionTooltip;
            }

            // Hide the tooltip popup element.
            function hide() {
              // First things first: we don't show it anymore.
              scope.tt_isOpen = false;

              //if tooltip is going to be shown after delay, we must cancel this
              $timeout.cancel( popupTimeout );
              popupTimeout = null;

              // And now we remove it from the DOM. However, if we have animation, we 
              // need to wait for it to expire beforehand.
              // FIXME: this is a placeholder for a port of the transitions library.
              if ( scope.tt_animation ) {
                if (!transitionTimeout) {
                  transitionTimeout = $timeout(removeTooltip, 500);
                }
              } else {
                removeTooltip();
              }
            }

            function createTooltip() {
              // There can only be one tooltip element per directive shown at once.
              if (tooltip) {
                removeTooltip();
              }
              tooltip = tooltipLinker(scope, function () {});

              // Get contents rendered into the tooltip
              scope.$digest();
            }

            function removeTooltip() {
              transitionTimeout = null;
              if (tooltip) {
                tooltip.remove();
                tooltip = null;
              }
            }

            /**
             * Observe the relevant attributes.
             */
            attrs.$observe( type, function ( val ) {
              scope.tt_content = val;

              if (!val && scope.tt_isOpen ) {
                hide();
              }
            });

            attrs.$observe( prefix+'Title', function ( val ) {
              scope.tt_title = val;
            });

            attrs.$observe( prefix+'Placement', function ( val ) {
              scope.tt_placement = angular.isDefined( val ) ? val : options.placement;
            });

            attrs.$observe( prefix+'PopupDelay', function ( val ) {
              var delay = parseInt( val, 10 );
              scope.tt_popupDelay = ! isNaN(delay) ? delay : options.popupDelay;
            });

            var unregisterTriggers = function () {
              element.unbind(triggers.show, showTooltipBind);
              element.unbind(triggers.hide, hideTooltipBind);
            };

            attrs.$observe( prefix+'Trigger', function ( val ) {
              unregisterTriggers();

              triggers = getTriggers( val );

              if ( triggers.show === triggers.hide ) {
                element.bind( triggers.show, toggleTooltipBind );
              } else {
                element.bind( triggers.show, showTooltipBind );
                element.bind( triggers.hide, hideTooltipBind );
              }
            });

            var animation = scope.$eval(attrs[prefix + 'Animation']);
            scope.tt_animation = angular.isDefined(animation) ? !!animation : options.animation;

            attrs.$observe( prefix+'AppendToBody', function ( val ) {
              appendToBody = angular.isDefined( val ) ? $parse( val )( scope ) : appendToBody;
            });

            // if a tooltip is attached to <body> we need to remove it on
            // location change as its parent scope will probably not be destroyed
            // by the change.
            if ( appendToBody ) {
              scope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', function closeTooltipOnLocationChangeSuccess () {
              if ( scope.tt_isOpen ) {
                hide();
              }
            });
            }

            // Make sure tooltip is destroyed and removed.
            scope.$on('$destroy', function onDestroyTooltip() {
              $timeout.cancel( transitionTimeout );
              $timeout.cancel( popupTimeout );
              unregisterTriggers();
              removeTooltip();
            });
          };
        }
      };
    };
  }];
})

.directive( 'tooltipPopup', function () {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    replace: true,
    scope: { content: '@', placement: '@', animation: '&', isOpen: '&' },
    templateUrl: 'template/tooltip/tooltip-popup.html'
  };
})

.directive( 'tooltip', [ '$tooltip', function ( $tooltip ) {
  return $tooltip( 'tooltip', 'tooltip', 'mouseenter' );
}])

.directive( 'tooltipHtmlUnsafePopup', function () {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    replace: true,
    scope: { content: '@', placement: '@', animation: '&', isOpen: '&' },
    templateUrl: 'template/tooltip/tooltip-html-unsafe-popup.html'
  };
})

.directive( 'tooltipHtmlUnsafe', [ '$tooltip', function ( $tooltip ) {
  return $tooltip( 'tooltipHtmlUnsafe', 'tooltip', 'mouseenter' );
}]);

/**
 * The following features are still outstanding: popup delay, animation as a
 * function, placement as a function, inside, support for more triggers than
 * just mouse enter/leave, html popovers, and selector delegatation.
 */
angular.module( 'ui.bootstrap.popover', [ 'ui.bootstrap.tooltip' ] )

.directive( 'popoverPopup', function () {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    replace: true,
    scope: { title: '@', content: '@', placement: '@', animation: '&', isOpen: '&' },
    templateUrl: 'template/popover/popover.html'
  };
})

.directive( 'popover', [ '$tooltip', function ( $tooltip ) {
  return $tooltip( 'popover', 'popover', 'click' );
}]);

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.progressbar', [])

.constant('progressConfig', {
  animate: true,
  max: 100
})

.controller('ProgressController', ['$scope', '$attrs', 'progressConfig', function($scope, $attrs, progressConfig) {
    var self = this,
        animate = angular.isDefined($attrs.animate) ? $scope.$parent.$eval($attrs.animate) : progressConfig.animate;

    this.bars = [];
    $scope.max = angular.isDefined($attrs.max) ? $scope.$parent.$eval($attrs.max) : progressConfig.max;

    this.addBar = function(bar, element) {
        if ( !animate ) {
            element.css({'transition': 'none'});
        }

        this.bars.push(bar);

        bar.$watch('value', function( value ) {
            bar.percent = +(100 * value / $scope.max).toFixed(2);
        });

        bar.$on('$destroy', function() {
            element = null;
            self.removeBar(bar);
        });
    };

    this.removeBar = function(bar) {
        this.bars.splice(this.bars.indexOf(bar), 1);
    };
}])

.directive('progress', function() {
    return {
        restrict: 'EA',
        replace: true,
        transclude: true,
        controller: 'ProgressController',
        require: 'progress',
        scope: {},
        templateUrl: 'template/progressbar/progress.html'
    };
})

.directive('bar', function() {
    return {
        restrict: 'EA',
        replace: true,
        transclude: true,
        require: '^progress',
        scope: {
            value: '=',
            type: '@'
        },
        templateUrl: 'template/progressbar/bar.html',
        link: function(scope, element, attrs, progressCtrl) {
            progressCtrl.addBar(scope, element);
        }
    };
})

.directive('progressbar', function() {
    return {
        restrict: 'EA',
        replace: true,
        transclude: true,
        controller: 'ProgressController',
        scope: {
            value: '=',
            type: '@'
        },
        templateUrl: 'template/progressbar/progressbar.html',
        link: function(scope, element, attrs, progressCtrl) {
            progressCtrl.addBar(scope, angular.element(element.children()[0]));
        }
    };
});
angular.module('ui.bootstrap.rating', [])

.constant('ratingConfig', {
  max: 5,
  stateOn: null,
  stateOff: null
})

.controller('RatingController', ['$scope', '$attrs', 'ratingConfig', function($scope, $attrs, ratingConfig) {
  var ngModelCtrl  = { $setViewValue: angular.noop };

  this.init = function(ngModelCtrl_) {
    ngModelCtrl = ngModelCtrl_;
    ngModelCtrl.$render = this.render;

    this.stateOn = angular.isDefined($attrs.stateOn) ? $scope.$parent.$eval($attrs.stateOn) : ratingConfig.stateOn;
    this.stateOff = angular.isDefined($attrs.stateOff) ? $scope.$parent.$eval($attrs.stateOff) : ratingConfig.stateOff;

    var ratingStates = angular.isDefined($attrs.ratingStates) ? $scope.$parent.$eval($attrs.ratingStates) :
                        new Array( angular.isDefined($attrs.max) ? $scope.$parent.$eval($attrs.max) : ratingConfig.max );
    $scope.range = this.buildTemplateObjects(ratingStates);
  };

  this.buildTemplateObjects = function(states) {
    for (var i = 0, n = states.length; i < n; i++) {
      states[i] = angular.extend({ index: i }, { stateOn: this.stateOn, stateOff: this.stateOff }, states[i]);
    }
    return states;
  };

  $scope.rate = function(value) {
    if ( !$scope.readonly && value >= 0 && value <= $scope.range.length ) {
      ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(value);
      ngModelCtrl.$render();
    }
  };

  $scope.enter = function(value) {
    if ( !$scope.readonly ) {
      $scope.value = value;
    }
    $scope.onHover({value: value});
  };

  $scope.reset = function() {
    $scope.value = ngModelCtrl.$viewValue;
    $scope.onLeave();
  };

  $scope.onKeydown = function(evt) {
    if (/(37|38|39|40)/.test(evt.which)) {
      evt.preventDefault();
      evt.stopPropagation();
      $scope.rate( $scope.value + (evt.which === 38 || evt.which === 39 ? 1 : -1) );
    }
  };

  this.render = function() {
    $scope.value = ngModelCtrl.$viewValue;
  };
}])

.directive('rating', function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    require: ['rating', 'ngModel'],
    scope: {
      readonly: '=?',
      onHover: '&',
      onLeave: '&'
    },
    controller: 'RatingController',
    templateUrl: 'template/rating/rating.html',
    replace: true,
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
      var ratingCtrl = ctrls[0], ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];

      if ( ngModelCtrl ) {
        ratingCtrl.init( ngModelCtrl );
      }
    }
  };
});

/**
 * @ngdoc overview
 * @name ui.bootstrap.tabs
 *
 * @description
 * AngularJS version of the tabs directive.
 */

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.tabs', [])

.controller('TabsetController', ['$scope', function TabsetCtrl($scope) {
  var ctrl = this,
      tabs = ctrl.tabs = $scope.tabs = [];

  ctrl.select = function(selectedTab) {
    angular.forEach(tabs, function(tab) {
      if (tab.active && tab !== selectedTab) {
        tab.active = false;
        tab.onDeselect();
      }
    });
    selectedTab.active = true;
    selectedTab.onSelect();
  };

  ctrl.addTab = function addTab(tab) {
    tabs.push(tab);
    // we can't run the select function on the first tab
    // since that would select it twice
    if (tabs.length === 1) {
      tab.active = true;
    } else if (tab.active) {
      ctrl.select(tab);
    }
  };

  ctrl.removeTab = function removeTab(tab) {
    var index = tabs.indexOf(tab);
    //Select a new tab if the tab to be removed is selected
    if (tab.active && tabs.length > 1) {
      //If this is the last tab, select the previous tab. else, the next tab.
      var newActiveIndex = index == tabs.length - 1 ? index - 1 : index + 1;
      ctrl.select(tabs[newActiveIndex]);
    }
    tabs.splice(index, 1);
  };
}])

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ui.bootstrap.tabs.directive:tabset
 * @restrict EA
 *
 * @description
 * Tabset is the outer container for the tabs directive
 *
 * @param {boolean=} vertical Whether or not to use vertical styling for the tabs.
 * @param {boolean=} justified Whether or not to use justified styling for the tabs.
 *
 * @example
<example module="ui.bootstrap">
  <file name="index.html">
    <tabset>
      <tab heading="Tab 1"><b>First</b> Content!</tab>
      <tab heading="Tab 2"><i>Second</i> Content!</tab>
    </tabset>
    <hr />
    <tabset vertical="true">
      <tab heading="Vertical Tab 1"><b>First</b> Vertical Content!</tab>
      <tab heading="Vertical Tab 2"><i>Second</i> Vertical Content!</tab>
    </tabset>
    <tabset justified="true">
      <tab heading="Justified Tab 1"><b>First</b> Justified Content!</tab>
      <tab heading="Justified Tab 2"><i>Second</i> Justified Content!</tab>
    </tabset>
  </file>
</example>
 */
.directive('tabset', function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    transclude: true,
    replace: true,
    scope: {
      type: '@'
    },
    controller: 'TabsetController',
    templateUrl: 'template/tabs/tabset.html',
    link: function(scope, element, attrs) {
      scope.vertical = angular.isDefined(attrs.vertical) ? scope.$parent.$eval(attrs.vertical) : false;
      scope.justified = angular.isDefined(attrs.justified) ? scope.$parent.$eval(attrs.justified) : false;
    }
  };
})

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ui.bootstrap.tabs.directive:tab
 * @restrict EA
 *
 * @param {string=} heading The visible heading, or title, of the tab. Set HTML headings with {@link ui.bootstrap.tabs.directive:tabHeading tabHeading}.
 * @param {string=} select An expression to evaluate when the tab is selected.
 * @param {boolean=} active A binding, telling whether or not this tab is selected.
 * @param {boolean=} disabled A binding, telling whether or not this tab is disabled.
 *
 * @description
 * Creates a tab with a heading and content. Must be placed within a {@link ui.bootstrap.tabs.directive:tabset tabset}.
 *
 * @example
<example module="ui.bootstrap">
  <file name="index.html">
    <div ng-controller="TabsDemoCtrl">
      <button class="btn btn-small" ng-click="items[0].active = true">
        Select item 1, using active binding
      </button>
      <button class="btn btn-small" ng-click="items[1].disabled = !items[1].disabled">
        Enable/disable item 2, using disabled binding
      </button>
      <br />
      <tabset>
        <tab heading="Tab 1">First Tab</tab>
        <tab select="alertMe()">
          <tab-heading><i class="icon-bell"></i> Alert me!</tab-heading>
          Second Tab, with alert callback and html heading!
        </tab>
        <tab ng-repeat="item in items"
          heading="{{item.title}}"
          disabled="item.disabled"
          active="item.active">
          {{item.content}}
        </tab>
      </tabset>
    </div>
  </file>
  <file name="script.js">
    function TabsDemoCtrl($scope) {
      $scope.items = [
        { title:"Dynamic Title 1", content:"Dynamic Item 0" },
        { title:"Dynamic Title 2", content:"Dynamic Item 1", disabled: true }
      ];

      $scope.alertMe = function() {
        setTimeout(function() {
          alert("You've selected the alert tab!");
        });
      };
    };
  </file>
</example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ui.bootstrap.tabs.directive:tabHeading
 * @restrict EA
 *
 * @description
 * Creates an HTML heading for a {@link ui.bootstrap.tabs.directive:tab tab}. Must be placed as a child of a tab element.
 *
 * @example
<example module="ui.bootstrap">
  <file name="index.html">
    <tabset>
      <tab>
        <tab-heading><b>HTML</b> in my titles?!</tab-heading>
        And some content, too!
      </tab>
      <tab>
        <tab-heading><i class="icon-heart"></i> Icon heading?!?</tab-heading>
        That's right.
      </tab>
    </tabset>
  </file>
</example>
 */
.directive('tab', ['$parse', function($parse) {
  return {
    require: '^tabset',
    restrict: 'EA',
    replace: true,
    templateUrl: 'template/tabs/tab.html',
    transclude: true,
    scope: {
      active: '=?',
      heading: '@',
      onSelect: '&select', //This callback is called in contentHeadingTransclude
                          //once it inserts the tab's content into the dom
      onDeselect: '&deselect'
    },
    controller: function() {
      //Empty controller so other directives can require being 'under' a tab
    },
    compile: function(elm, attrs, transclude) {
      return function postLink(scope, elm, attrs, tabsetCtrl) {
        scope.$watch('active', function(active) {
          if (active) {
            tabsetCtrl.select(scope);
          }
        });

        scope.disabled = false;
        if ( attrs.disabled ) {
          scope.$parent.$watch($parse(attrs.disabled), function(value) {
            scope.disabled = !! value;
          });
        }

        scope.select = function() {
          if ( !scope.disabled ) {
            scope.active = true;
          }
        };

        tabsetCtrl.addTab(scope);
        scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
          tabsetCtrl.removeTab(scope);
        });

        //We need to transclude later, once the content container is ready.
        //when this link happens, we're inside a tab heading.
        scope.$transcludeFn = transclude;
      };
    }
  };
}])

.directive('tabHeadingTransclude', [function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    require: '^tab',
    link: function(scope, elm, attrs, tabCtrl) {
      scope.$watch('headingElement', function updateHeadingElement(heading) {
        if (heading) {
          elm.html('');
          elm.append(heading);
        }
      });
    }
  };
}])

.directive('tabContentTransclude', function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    require: '^tabset',
    link: function(scope, elm, attrs) {
      var tab = scope.$eval(attrs.tabContentTransclude);

      //Now our tab is ready to be transcluded: both the tab heading area
      //and the tab content area are loaded.  Transclude 'em both.
      tab.$transcludeFn(tab.$parent, function(contents) {
        angular.forEach(contents, function(node) {
          if (isTabHeading(node)) {
            //Let tabHeadingTransclude know.
            tab.headingElement = node;
          } else {
            elm.append(node);
          }
        });
      });
    }
  };
  function isTabHeading(node) {
    return node.tagName &&  (
      node.hasAttribute('tab-heading') ||
      node.hasAttribute('data-tab-heading') ||
      node.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'tab-heading' ||
      node.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'data-tab-heading'
    );
  }
})

;

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.timepicker', [])

.constant('timepickerConfig', {
  hourStep: 1,
  minuteStep: 1,
  showMeridian: true,
  meridians: null,
  readonlyInput: false,
  mousewheel: true
})

.controller('TimepickerController', ['$scope', '$attrs', '$parse', '$log', '$locale', 'timepickerConfig', function($scope, $attrs, $parse, $log, $locale, timepickerConfig) {
  var selected = new Date(),
      ngModelCtrl = { $setViewValue: angular.noop }, // nullModelCtrl
      meridians = angular.isDefined($attrs.meridians) ? $scope.$parent.$eval($attrs.meridians) : timepickerConfig.meridians || $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS.AMPMS;

  this.init = function( ngModelCtrl_, inputs ) {
    ngModelCtrl = ngModelCtrl_;
    ngModelCtrl.$render = this.render;

    var hoursInputEl = inputs.eq(0),
        minutesInputEl = inputs.eq(1);

    var mousewheel = angular.isDefined($attrs.mousewheel) ? $scope.$parent.$eval($attrs.mousewheel) : timepickerConfig.mousewheel;
    if ( mousewheel ) {
      this.setupMousewheelEvents( hoursInputEl, minutesInputEl );
    }

    $scope.readonlyInput = angular.isDefined($attrs.readonlyInput) ? $scope.$parent.$eval($attrs.readonlyInput) : timepickerConfig.readonlyInput;
    this.setupInputEvents( hoursInputEl, minutesInputEl );
  };

  var hourStep = timepickerConfig.hourStep;
  if ($attrs.hourStep) {
    $scope.$parent.$watch($parse($attrs.hourStep), function(value) {
      hourStep = parseInt(value, 10);
    });
  }

  var minuteStep = timepickerConfig.minuteStep;
  if ($attrs.minuteStep) {
    $scope.$parent.$watch($parse($attrs.minuteStep), function(value) {
      minuteStep = parseInt(value, 10);
    });
  }

  // 12H / 24H mode
  $scope.showMeridian = timepickerConfig.showMeridian;
  if ($attrs.showMeridian) {
    $scope.$parent.$watch($parse($attrs.showMeridian), function(value) {
      $scope.showMeridian = !!value;

      if ( ngModelCtrl.$error.time ) {
        // Evaluate from template
        var hours = getHoursFromTemplate(), minutes = getMinutesFromTemplate();
        if (angular.isDefined( hours ) && angular.isDefined( minutes )) {
          selected.setHours( hours );
          refresh();
        }
      } else {
        updateTemplate();
      }
    });
  }

  // Get $scope.hours in 24H mode if valid
  function getHoursFromTemplate ( ) {
    var hours = parseInt( $scope.hours, 10 );
    var valid = ( $scope.showMeridian ) ? (hours > 0 && hours < 13) : (hours >= 0 && hours < 24);
    if ( !valid ) {
      return undefined;
    }

    if ( $scope.showMeridian ) {
      if ( hours === 12 ) {
        hours = 0;
      }
      if ( $scope.meridian === meridians[1] ) {
        hours = hours + 12;
      }
    }
    return hours;
  }

  function getMinutesFromTemplate() {
    var minutes = parseInt($scope.minutes, 10);
    return ( minutes >= 0 && minutes < 60 ) ? minutes : undefined;
  }

  function pad( value ) {
    return ( angular.isDefined(value) && value.toString().length < 2 ) ? '0' + value : value;
  }

  // Respond on mousewheel spin
  this.setupMousewheelEvents = function( hoursInputEl, minutesInputEl ) {
    var isScrollingUp = function(e) {
      if (e.originalEvent) {
        e = e.originalEvent;
      }
      //pick correct delta variable depending on event
      var delta = (e.wheelDelta) ? e.wheelDelta : -e.deltaY;
      return (e.detail || delta > 0);
    };

    hoursInputEl.bind('mousewheel wheel', function(e) {
      $scope.$apply( (isScrollingUp(e)) ? $scope.incrementHours() : $scope.decrementHours() );
      e.preventDefault();
    });

    minutesInputEl.bind('mousewheel wheel', function(e) {
      $scope.$apply( (isScrollingUp(e)) ? $scope.incrementMinutes() : $scope.decrementMinutes() );
      e.preventDefault();
    });

  };

  this.setupInputEvents = function( hoursInputEl, minutesInputEl ) {
    if ( $scope.readonlyInput ) {
      $scope.updateHours = angular.noop;
      $scope.updateMinutes = angular.noop;
      return;
    }

    var invalidate = function(invalidHours, invalidMinutes) {
      ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue( null );
      ngModelCtrl.$setValidity('time', false);
      if (angular.isDefined(invalidHours)) {
        $scope.invalidHours = invalidHours;
      }
      if (angular.isDefined(invalidMinutes)) {
        $scope.invalidMinutes = invalidMinutes;
      }
    };

    $scope.updateHours = function() {
      var hours = getHoursFromTemplate();

      if ( angular.isDefined(hours) ) {
        selected.setHours( hours );
        refresh( 'h' );
      } else {
        invalidate(true);
      }
    };

    hoursInputEl.bind('blur', function(e) {
      if ( !$scope.invalidHours && $scope.hours < 10) {
        $scope.$apply( function() {
          $scope.hours = pad( $scope.hours );
        });
      }
    });

    $scope.updateMinutes = function() {
      var minutes = getMinutesFromTemplate();

      if ( angular.isDefined(minutes) ) {
        selected.setMinutes( minutes );
        refresh( 'm' );
      } else {
        invalidate(undefined, true);
      }
    };

    minutesInputEl.bind('blur', function(e) {
      if ( !$scope.invalidMinutes && $scope.minutes < 10 ) {
        $scope.$apply( function() {
          $scope.minutes = pad( $scope.minutes );
        });
      }
    });

  };

  this.render = function() {
    var date = ngModelCtrl.$modelValue ? new Date( ngModelCtrl.$modelValue ) : null;

    if ( isNaN(date) ) {
      ngModelCtrl.$setValidity('time', false);
      $log.error('Timepicker directive: "ng-model" value must be a Date object, a number of milliseconds since 01.01.1970 or a string representing an RFC2822 or ISO 8601 date.');
    } else {
      if ( date ) {
        selected = date;
      }
      makeValid();
      updateTemplate();
    }
  };

  // Call internally when we know that model is valid.
  function refresh( keyboardChange ) {
    makeValid();
    ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue( new Date(selected) );
    updateTemplate( keyboardChange );
  }

  function makeValid() {
    ngModelCtrl.$setValidity('time', true);
    $scope.invalidHours = false;
    $scope.invalidMinutes = false;
  }

  function updateTemplate( keyboardChange ) {
    var hours = selected.getHours(), minutes = selected.getMinutes();

    if ( $scope.showMeridian ) {
      hours = ( hours === 0 || hours === 12 ) ? 12 : hours % 12; // Convert 24 to 12 hour system
    }

    $scope.hours = keyboardChange === 'h' ? hours : pad(hours);
    $scope.minutes = keyboardChange === 'm' ? minutes : pad(minutes);
    $scope.meridian = selected.getHours() < 12 ? meridians[0] : meridians[1];
  }

  function addMinutes( minutes ) {
    var dt = new Date( selected.getTime() + minutes * 60000 );
    selected.setHours( dt.getHours(), dt.getMinutes() );
    refresh();
  }

  $scope.incrementHours = function() {
    addMinutes( hourStep * 60 );
  };
  $scope.decrementHours = function() {
    addMinutes( - hourStep * 60 );
  };
  $scope.incrementMinutes = function() {
    addMinutes( minuteStep );
  };
  $scope.decrementMinutes = function() {
    addMinutes( - minuteStep );
  };
  $scope.toggleMeridian = function() {
    addMinutes( 12 * 60 * (( selected.getHours() < 12 ) ? 1 : -1) );
  };
}])

.directive('timepicker', function () {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    require: ['timepicker', '?^ngModel'],
    controller:'TimepickerController',
    replace: true,
    scope: {},
    templateUrl: 'template/timepicker/timepicker.html',
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrls) {
      var timepickerCtrl = ctrls[0], ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];

      if ( ngModelCtrl ) {
        timepickerCtrl.init( ngModelCtrl, element.find('input') );
      }
    }
  };
});

angular.module('ui.bootstrap.typeahead', ['ui.bootstrap.position', 'ui.bootstrap.bindHtml'])

/**
 * A helper service that can parse typeahead's syntax (string provided by users)
 * Extracted to a separate service for ease of unit testing
 */
  .factory('typeaheadParser', ['$parse', function ($parse) {

  //                      00000111000000000000022200000000000000003333333333333330000000000044000
  var TYPEAHEAD_REGEXP = /^\s*(.*?)(?:\s+as\s+(.*?))?\s+for\s+(?:([\$\w][\$\w\d]*))\s+in\s+(.*)$/;

  return {
    parse:function (input) {

      var match = input.match(TYPEAHEAD_REGEXP);
      if (!match) {
        throw new Error(
          'Expected typeahead specification in form of "_modelValue_ (as _label_)? for _item_ in _collection_"' +
            ' but got "' + input + '".');
      }

      return {
        itemName:match[3],
        source:$parse(match[4]),
        viewMapper:$parse(match[2] || match[1]),
        modelMapper:$parse(match[1])
      };
    }
  };
}])

  .directive('typeahead', ['$compile', '$parse', '$q', '$timeout', '$document', '$position', 'typeaheadParser',
    function ($compile, $parse, $q, $timeout, $document, $position, typeaheadParser) {

  var HOT_KEYS = [9, 13, 27, 38, 40];

  return {
    require:'ngModel',
    link:function (originalScope, element, attrs, modelCtrl) {

      //SUPPORTED ATTRIBUTES (OPTIONS)

      //minimal no of characters that needs to be entered before typeahead kicks-in
      var minSearch = originalScope.$eval(attrs.typeaheadMinLength) || 1;

      //minimal wait time after last character typed before typehead kicks-in
      var waitTime = originalScope.$eval(attrs.typeaheadWaitMs) || 0;

      //should it restrict model values to the ones selected from the popup only?
      var isEditable = originalScope.$eval(attrs.typeaheadEditable) !== false;

      //binding to a variable that indicates if matches are being retrieved asynchronously
      var isLoadingSetter = $parse(attrs.typeaheadLoading).assign || angular.noop;

      //a callback executed when a match is selected
      var onSelectCallback = $parse(attrs.typeaheadOnSelect);

      var inputFormatter = attrs.typeaheadInputFormatter ? $parse(attrs.typeaheadInputFormatter) : undefined;

      var appendToBody =  attrs.typeaheadAppendToBody ? originalScope.$eval(attrs.typeaheadAppendToBody) : false;

      //INTERNAL VARIABLES

      //model setter executed upon match selection
      var $setModelValue = $parse(attrs.ngModel).assign;

      //expressions used by typeahead
      var parserResult = typeaheadParser.parse(attrs.typeahead);

      var hasFocus;

      //create a child scope for the typeahead directive so we are not polluting original scope
      //with typeahead-specific data (matches, query etc.)
      var scope = originalScope.$new();
      originalScope.$on('$destroy', function(){
        scope.$destroy();
      });

      // WAI-ARIA
      var popupId = 'typeahead-' + scope.$id + '-' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000);
      element.attr({
        'aria-autocomplete': 'list',
        'aria-expanded': false,
        'aria-owns': popupId
      });

      //pop-up element used to display matches
      var popUpEl = angular.element('<div typeahead-popup></div>');
      popUpEl.attr({
        id: popupId,
        matches: 'matches',
        active: 'activeIdx',
        select: 'select(activeIdx)',
        query: 'query',
        position: 'position'
      });
      //custom item template
      if (angular.isDefined(attrs.typeaheadTemplateUrl)) {
        popUpEl.attr('template-url', attrs.typeaheadTemplateUrl);
      }

      var resetMatches = function() {
        scope.matches = [];
        scope.activeIdx = -1;
        element.attr('aria-expanded', false);
      };

      var getMatchId = function(index) {
        return popupId + '-option-' + index;
      };

      // Indicate that the specified match is the active (pre-selected) item in the list owned by this typeahead.
      // This attribute is added or removed automatically when the `activeIdx` changes.
      scope.$watch('activeIdx', function(index) {
        if (index < 0) {
          element.removeAttr('aria-activedescendant');
        } else {
          element.attr('aria-activedescendant', getMatchId(index));
        }
      });

      var getMatchesAsync = function(inputValue) {

        var locals = {$viewValue: inputValue};
        isLoadingSetter(originalScope, true);
        $q.when(parserResult.source(originalScope, locals)).then(function(matches) {

          //it might happen that several async queries were in progress if a user were typing fast
          //but we are interested only in responses that correspond to the current view value
          var onCurrentRequest = (inputValue === modelCtrl.$viewValue);
          if (onCurrentRequest && hasFocus) {
            if (matches.length > 0) {

              scope.activeIdx = 0;
              scope.matches.length = 0;

              //transform labels
              for(var i=0; i<matches.length; i++) {
                locals[parserResult.itemName] = matches[i];
                scope.matches.push({
                  id: getMatchId(i),
                  label: parserResult.viewMapper(scope, locals),
                  model: matches[i]
                });
              }

              scope.query = inputValue;
              //position pop-up with matches - we need to re-calculate its position each time we are opening a window
              //with matches as a pop-up might be absolute-positioned and position of an input might have changed on a page
              //due to other elements being rendered
              scope.position = appendToBody ? $position.offset(element) : $position.position(element);
              scope.position.top = scope.position.top + element.prop('offsetHeight');

              element.attr('aria-expanded', true);
            } else {
              resetMatches();
            }
          }
          if (onCurrentRequest) {
            isLoadingSetter(originalScope, false);
          }
        }, function(){
          resetMatches();
          isLoadingSetter(originalScope, false);
        });
      };

      resetMatches();

      //we need to propagate user's query so we can higlight matches
      scope.query = undefined;

      //Declare the timeout promise var outside the function scope so that stacked calls can be cancelled later 
      var timeoutPromise;

      //plug into $parsers pipeline to open a typeahead on view changes initiated from DOM
      //$parsers kick-in on all the changes coming from the view as well as manually triggered by $setViewValue
      modelCtrl.$parsers.unshift(function (inputValue) {

        hasFocus = true;

        if (inputValue && inputValue.length >= minSearch) {
          if (waitTime > 0) {
            if (timeoutPromise) {
              $timeout.cancel(timeoutPromise);//cancel previous timeout
            }
            timeoutPromise = $timeout(function () {
              getMatchesAsync(inputValue);
            }, waitTime);
          } else {
            getMatchesAsync(inputValue);
          }
        } else {
          isLoadingSetter(originalScope, false);
          resetMatches();
        }

        if (isEditable) {
          return inputValue;
        } else {
          if (!inputValue) {
            // Reset in case user had typed something previously.
            modelCtrl.$setValidity('editable', true);
            return inputValue;
          } else {
            modelCtrl.$setValidity('editable', false);
            return undefined;
          }
        }
      });

      modelCtrl.$formatters.push(function (modelValue) {

        var candidateViewValue, emptyViewValue;
        var locals = {};

        if (inputFormatter) {

          locals['$model'] = modelValue;
          return inputFormatter(originalScope, locals);

        } else {

          //it might happen that we don't have enough info to properly render input value
          //we need to check for this situation and simply return model value if we can't apply custom formatting
          locals[parserResult.itemName] = modelValue;
          candidateViewValue = parserResult.viewMapper(originalScope, locals);
          locals[parserResult.itemName] = undefined;
          emptyViewValue = parserResult.viewMapper(originalScope, locals);

          return candidateViewValue!== emptyViewValue ? candidateViewValue : modelValue;
        }
      });

      scope.select = function (activeIdx) {
        //called from within the $digest() cycle
        var locals = {};
        var model, item;

        locals[parserResult.itemName] = item = scope.matches[activeIdx].model;
        model = parserResult.modelMapper(originalScope, locals);
        $setModelValue(originalScope, model);
        modelCtrl.$setValidity('editable', true);

        onSelectCallback(originalScope, {
          $item: item,
          $model: model,
          $label: parserResult.viewMapper(originalScope, locals)
        });

        resetMatches();

        //return focus to the input element if a match was selected via a mouse click event
        // use timeout to avoid $rootScope:inprog error
        $timeout(function() { element[0].focus(); }, 0, false);
      };

      //bind keyboard events: arrows up(38) / down(40), enter(13) and tab(9), esc(27)
      element.bind('keydown', function (evt) {

        //typeahead is open and an "interesting" key was pressed
        if (scope.matches.length === 0 || HOT_KEYS.indexOf(evt.which) === -1) {
          return;
        }

        evt.preventDefault();

        if (evt.which === 40) {
          scope.activeIdx = (scope.activeIdx + 1) % scope.matches.length;
          scope.$digest();

        } else if (evt.which === 38) {
          scope.activeIdx = (scope.activeIdx ? scope.activeIdx : scope.matches.length) - 1;
          scope.$digest();

        } else if (evt.which === 13 || evt.which === 9) {
          scope.$apply(function () {
            scope.select(scope.activeIdx);
          });

        } else if (evt.which === 27) {
          evt.stopPropagation();

          resetMatches();
          scope.$digest();
        }
      });

      element.bind('blur', function (evt) {
        hasFocus = false;
      });

      // Keep reference to click handler to unbind it.
      var dismissClickHandler = function (evt) {
        if (element[0] !== evt.target) {
          resetMatches();
          scope.$digest();
        }
      };

      $document.bind('click', dismissClickHandler);

      originalScope.$on('$destroy', function(){
        $document.unbind('click', dismissClickHandler);
      });

      var $popup = $compile(popUpEl)(scope);
      if ( appendToBody ) {
        $document.find('body').append($popup);
      } else {
        element.after($popup);
      }
    }
  };

}])

  .directive('typeaheadPopup', function () {
    return {
      restrict:'EA',
      scope:{
        matches:'=',
        query:'=',
        active:'=',
        position:'=',
        select:'&'
      },
      replace:true,
      templateUrl:'template/typeahead/typeahead-popup.html',
      link:function (scope, element, attrs) {

        scope.templateUrl = attrs.templateUrl;

        scope.isOpen = function () {
          return scope.matches.length > 0;
        };

        scope.isActive = function (matchIdx) {
          return scope.active == matchIdx;
        };

        scope.selectActive = function (matchIdx) {
          scope.active = matchIdx;
        };

        scope.selectMatch = function (activeIdx) {
          scope.select({activeIdx:activeIdx});
        };
      }
    };
  })

  .directive('typeaheadMatch', ['$http', '$templateCache', '$compile', '$parse', function ($http, $templateCache, $compile, $parse) {
    return {
      restrict:'EA',
      scope:{
        index:'=',
        match:'=',
        query:'='
      },
      link:function (scope, element, attrs) {
        var tplUrl = $parse(attrs.templateUrl)(scope.$parent) || 'template/typeahead/typeahead-match.html';
        $http.get(tplUrl, {cache: $templateCache}).success(function(tplContent){
           element.replaceWith($compile(tplContent.trim())(scope));
        });
      }
    };
  }])

  .filter('typeaheadHighlight', function() {

    function escapeRegexp(queryToEscape) {
      return queryToEscape.replace(/([.?*+^$[\]\\(){}|-])/g, '\\$1');
    }

    return function(matchItem, query) {
      return query ? ('' + matchItem).replace(new RegExp(escapeRegexp(query), 'gi'), '<strong>$&</strong>') : matchItem;
    };
  });

angular.module("template/accordion/accordion-group.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/accordion/accordion-group.html",
    "<div class=\"panel panel-default\">\n" +
    "  <div class=\"panel-heading\">\n" +
    "    <h4 class=\"panel-title\">\n" +
    "      <a class=\"accordion-toggle\" ng-click=\"toggleOpen()\" accordion-transclude=\"heading\"><span ng-class=\"{'text-muted': isDisabled}\">{{heading}}</span></a>\n" +
    "    </h4>\n" +
    "  </div>\n" +
    "  <div class=\"panel-collapse\" collapse=\"!isOpen\">\n" +
    "	  <div class=\"panel-body\" ng-transclude></div>\n" +
    "  </div>\n" +
    "</div>");
}]);

angular.module("template/accordion/accordion.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/accordion/accordion.html",
    "<div class=\"panel-group\" ng-transclude></div>");
}]);

angular.module("template/alert/alert.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/alert/alert.html",
    "<div class=\"alert\" ng-class=\"{'alert-{{type || 'warning'}}': true, 'alert-dismissable': closeable}\" role=\"alert\">\n" +
    "    <button ng-show=\"closeable\" type=\"button\" class=\"close\" ng-click=\"close()\">\n" +
    "        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;</span>\n" +
    "        <span class=\"sr-only\">Close</span>\n" +
    "    </button>\n" +
    "    <div ng-transclude></div>\n" +
    "</div>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/carousel/carousel.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/carousel/carousel.html",
    "<div ng-mouseenter=\"pause()\" ng-mouseleave=\"play()\" class=\"carousel\" ng-swipe-right=\"prev()\" ng-swipe-left=\"next()\">\n" +
    "    <ol class=\"carousel-indicators\" ng-show=\"slides.length > 1\">\n" +
    "        <li ng-repeat=\"slide in slides track by $index\" ng-class=\"{active: isActive(slide)}\" ng-click=\"select(slide)\"></li>\n" +
    "    </ol>\n" +
    "    <div class=\"carousel-inner\" ng-transclude></div>\n" +
    "    <a class=\"left carousel-control\" ng-click=\"prev()\" ng-show=\"slides.length > 1\"><span class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left\"></span></a>\n" +
    "    <a class=\"right carousel-control\" ng-click=\"next()\" ng-show=\"slides.length > 1\"><span class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right\"></span></a>\n" +
    "</div>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/carousel/slide.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/carousel/slide.html",
    "<div ng-class=\"{\n" +
    "    'active': leaving || (active && !entering),\n" +
    "    'prev': (next || active) && direction=='prev',\n" +
    "    'next': (next || active) && direction=='next',\n" +
    "    'right': direction=='prev',\n" +
    "    'left': direction=='next'\n" +
    "  }\" class=\"item text-center\" ng-transclude></div>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/datepicker/datepicker.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/datepicker/datepicker.html",
    "<div ng-switch=\"datepickerMode\" role=\"application\" ng-keydown=\"keydown($event)\">\n" +
    "  <daypicker ng-switch-when=\"day\" tabindex=\"0\"></daypicker>\n" +
    "  <monthpicker ng-switch-when=\"month\" tabindex=\"0\"></monthpicker>\n" +
    "  <yearpicker ng-switch-when=\"year\" tabindex=\"0\"></yearpicker>\n" +
    "</div>");
}]);

angular.module("template/datepicker/day.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/datepicker/day.html",
    "<table role=\"grid\" aria-labelledby=\"{{uniqueId}}-title\" aria-activedescendant=\"{{activeDateId}}\">\n" +
    "  <thead>\n" +
    "    <tr>\n" +
    "      <th><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-default btn-sm pull-left\" ng-click=\"move(-1)\" tabindex=\"-1\"><i class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left\"></i></button></th>\n" +
    "      <th colspan=\"{{5 + showWeeks}}\"><button id=\"{{uniqueId}}-title\" role=\"heading\" aria-live=\"assertive\" aria-atomic=\"true\" type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-default btn-sm\" ng-click=\"toggleMode()\" tabindex=\"-1\" style=\"width:100%;\"><strong>{{title}}</strong></button></th>\n" +
    "      <th><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-default btn-sm pull-right\" ng-click=\"move(1)\" tabindex=\"-1\"><i class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right\"></i></button></th>\n" +
    "    </tr>\n" +
    "    <tr>\n" +
    "      <th ng-show=\"showWeeks\" class=\"text-center\"></th>\n" +
    "      <th ng-repeat=\"label in labels track by $index\" class=\"text-center\"><small aria-label=\"{{label.full}}\">{{label.abbr}}</small></th>\n" +
    "    </tr>\n" +
    "  </thead>\n" +
    "  <tbody>\n" +
    "    <tr ng-repeat=\"row in rows track by $index\">\n" +
    "      <td ng-show=\"showWeeks\" class=\"text-center h6\"><em>{{ weekNumbers[$index] }}</em></td>\n" +
    "      <td ng-repeat=\"dt in row track by dt.date\" class=\"text-center\" role=\"gridcell\" id=\"{{dt.uid}}\" aria-disabled=\"{{!!dt.disabled}}\">\n" +
    "        <button type=\"button\" style=\"width:100%;\" class=\"btn btn-default btn-sm\" ng-class=\"{'btn-info': dt.selected, active: isActive(dt)}\" ng-click=\"select(dt.date)\" ng-disabled=\"dt.disabled\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span ng-class=\"{'text-muted': dt.secondary, 'text-info': dt.current}\">{{dt.label}}</span></button>\n" +
    "      </td>\n" +
    "    </tr>\n" +
    "  </tbody>\n" +
    "</table>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/datepicker/month.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/datepicker/month.html",
    "<table role=\"grid\" aria-labelledby=\"{{uniqueId}}-title\" aria-activedescendant=\"{{activeDateId}}\">\n" +
    "  <thead>\n" +
    "    <tr>\n" +
    "      <th><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-default btn-sm pull-left\" ng-click=\"move(-1)\" tabindex=\"-1\"><i class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left\"></i></button></th>\n" +
    "      <th><button id=\"{{uniqueId}}-title\" role=\"heading\" aria-live=\"assertive\" aria-atomic=\"true\" type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-default btn-sm\" ng-click=\"toggleMode()\" tabindex=\"-1\" style=\"width:100%;\"><strong>{{title}}</strong></button></th>\n" +
    "      <th><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-default btn-sm pull-right\" ng-click=\"move(1)\" tabindex=\"-1\"><i class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right\"></i></button></th>\n" +
    "    </tr>\n" +
    "  </thead>\n" +
    "  <tbody>\n" +
    "    <tr ng-repeat=\"row in rows track by $index\">\n" +
    "      <td ng-repeat=\"dt in row track by dt.date\" class=\"text-center\" role=\"gridcell\" id=\"{{dt.uid}}\" aria-disabled=\"{{!!dt.disabled}}\">\n" +
    "        <button type=\"button\" style=\"width:100%;\" class=\"btn btn-default\" ng-class=\"{'btn-info': dt.selected, active: isActive(dt)}\" ng-click=\"select(dt.date)\" ng-disabled=\"dt.disabled\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span ng-class=\"{'text-info': dt.current}\">{{dt.label}}</span></button>\n" +
    "      </td>\n" +
    "    </tr>\n" +
    "  </tbody>\n" +
    "</table>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/datepicker/popup.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/datepicker/popup.html",
    "<ul class=\"dropdown-menu\" ng-style=\"{display: (isOpen && 'block') || 'none', top: position.top+'px', left: position.left+'px'}\" ng-keydown=\"keydown($event)\">\n" +
    "	<li ng-transclude></li>\n" +
    "	<li ng-if=\"showButtonBar\" style=\"padding:10px 9px 2px\">\n" +
    "		<span class=\"btn-group\">\n" +
    "			<button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-sm btn-info\" ng-click=\"select('today')\">{{ getText('current') }}</button>\n" +
    "			<button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-sm btn-danger\" ng-click=\"select(null)\">{{ getText('clear') }}</button>\n" +
    "		</span>\n" +
    "		<button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-sm btn-success pull-right\" ng-click=\"close()\">{{ getText('close') }}</button>\n" +
    "	</li>\n" +
    "</ul>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/datepicker/year.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/datepicker/year.html",
    "<table role=\"grid\" aria-labelledby=\"{{uniqueId}}-title\" aria-activedescendant=\"{{activeDateId}}\">\n" +
    "  <thead>\n" +
    "    <tr>\n" +
    "      <th><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-default btn-sm pull-left\" ng-click=\"move(-1)\" tabindex=\"-1\"><i class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left\"></i></button></th>\n" +
    "      <th colspan=\"3\"><button id=\"{{uniqueId}}-title\" role=\"heading\" aria-live=\"assertive\" aria-atomic=\"true\" type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-default btn-sm\" ng-click=\"toggleMode()\" tabindex=\"-1\" style=\"width:100%;\"><strong>{{title}}</strong></button></th>\n" +
    "      <th><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-default btn-sm pull-right\" ng-click=\"move(1)\" tabindex=\"-1\"><i class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right\"></i></button></th>\n" +
    "    </tr>\n" +
    "  </thead>\n" +
    "  <tbody>\n" +
    "    <tr ng-repeat=\"row in rows track by $index\">\n" +
    "      <td ng-repeat=\"dt in row track by dt.date\" class=\"text-center\" role=\"gridcell\" id=\"{{dt.uid}}\" aria-disabled=\"{{!!dt.disabled}}\">\n" +
    "        <button type=\"button\" style=\"width:100%;\" class=\"btn btn-default\" ng-class=\"{'btn-info': dt.selected, active: isActive(dt)}\" ng-click=\"select(dt.date)\" ng-disabled=\"dt.disabled\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span ng-class=\"{'text-info': dt.current}\">{{dt.label}}</span></button>\n" +
    "      </td>\n" +
    "    </tr>\n" +
    "  </tbody>\n" +
    "</table>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/modal/backdrop.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/modal/backdrop.html",
    "<div class=\"modal-backdrop fade\"\n" +
    "     ng-class=\"{in: animate}\"\n" +
    "     ng-style=\"{'z-index': 1040 + (index && 1 || 0) + index*10}\"\n" +
    "></div>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/modal/window.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/modal/window.html",
    "<div tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"dialog\" class=\"modal fade\" ng-class=\"{in: animate}\" ng-style=\"{'z-index': 1050 + index*10, display: 'block'}\" ng-click=\"close($event)\">\n" +
    "    <div class=\"modal-dialog\" ng-class=\"{'modal-sm': size == 'sm', 'modal-lg': size == 'lg'}\"><div class=\"modal-content\" ng-transclude></div></div>\n" +
    "</div>");
}]);

angular.module("template/pagination/pager.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/pagination/pager.html",
    "<ul class=\"pager\">\n" +
    "  <li ng-class=\"{disabled: noPrevious(), previous: align}\"><a href ng-click=\"selectPage(page - 1)\">{{getText('previous')}}</a></li>\n" +
    "  <li ng-class=\"{disabled: noNext(), next: align}\"><a href ng-click=\"selectPage(page + 1)\">{{getText('next')}}</a></li>\n" +
    "</ul>");
}]);

angular.module("template/pagination/pagination.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/pagination/pagination.html",
    "<ul class=\"pagination\">\n" +
    "  <li ng-if=\"boundaryLinks\" ng-class=\"{disabled: noPrevious()}\"><a href ng-click=\"selectPage(1)\">{{getText('first')}}</a></li>\n" +
    "  <li ng-if=\"directionLinks\" ng-class=\"{disabled: noPrevious()}\"><a href ng-click=\"selectPage(page - 1)\">{{getText('previous')}}</a></li>\n" +
    "  <li ng-repeat=\"page in pages track by $index\" ng-class=\"{active: page.active}\"><a href ng-click=\"selectPage(page.number)\">{{page.text}}</a></li>\n" +
    "  <li ng-if=\"directionLinks\" ng-class=\"{disabled: noNext()}\"><a href ng-click=\"selectPage(page + 1)\">{{getText('next')}}</a></li>\n" +
    "  <li ng-if=\"boundaryLinks\" ng-class=\"{disabled: noNext()}\"><a href ng-click=\"selectPage(totalPages)\">{{getText('last')}}</a></li>\n" +
    "</ul>");
}]);

angular.module("template/tooltip/tooltip-html-unsafe-popup.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/tooltip/tooltip-html-unsafe-popup.html",
    "<div class=\"tooltip {{placement}}\" ng-class=\"{ in: isOpen(), fade: animation() }\">\n" +
    "  <div class=\"tooltip-arrow\"></div>\n" +
    "  <div class=\"tooltip-inner\" bind-html-unsafe=\"content\"></div>\n" +
    "</div>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/tooltip/tooltip-popup.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/tooltip/tooltip-popup.html",
    "<div class=\"tooltip {{placement}}\" ng-class=\"{ in: isOpen(), fade: animation() }\">\n" +
    "  <div class=\"tooltip-arrow\"></div>\n" +
    "  <div class=\"tooltip-inner\" ng-bind=\"content\"></div>\n" +
    "</div>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/popover/popover.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/popover/popover.html",
    "<div class=\"popover {{placement}}\" ng-class=\"{ in: isOpen(), fade: animation() }\">\n" +
    "  <div class=\"arrow\"></div>\n" +
    "\n" +
    "  <div class=\"popover-inner\">\n" +
    "      <h3 class=\"popover-title\" ng-bind=\"title\" ng-show=\"title\"></h3>\n" +
    "      <div class=\"popover-content\" ng-bind=\"content\"></div>\n" +
    "  </div>\n" +
    "</div>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/progressbar/bar.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/progressbar/bar.html",
    "<div class=\"progress-bar\" ng-class=\"type && 'progress-bar-' + type\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-valuenow=\"{{value}}\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"{{max}}\" ng-style=\"{width: percent + '%'}\" aria-valuetext=\"{{percent | number:0}}%\" ng-transclude></div>");
}]);

angular.module("template/progressbar/progress.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/progressbar/progress.html",
    "<div class=\"progress\" ng-transclude></div>");
}]);

angular.module("template/progressbar/progressbar.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/progressbar/progressbar.html",
    "<div class=\"progress\">\n" +
    "  <div class=\"progress-bar\" ng-class=\"type && 'progress-bar-' + type\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-valuenow=\"{{value}}\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"{{max}}\" ng-style=\"{width: percent + '%'}\" aria-valuetext=\"{{percent | number:0}}%\" ng-transclude></div>\n" +
    "</div>");
}]);

angular.module("template/rating/rating.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/rating/rating.html",
    "<span ng-mouseleave=\"reset()\" ng-keydown=\"onKeydown($event)\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"slider\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"{{range.length}}\" aria-valuenow=\"{{value}}\">\n" +
    "    <i ng-repeat=\"r in range track by $index\" ng-mouseenter=\"enter($index + 1)\" ng-click=\"rate($index + 1)\" class=\"glyphicon\" ng-class=\"$index < value && (r.stateOn || 'glyphicon-star') || (r.stateOff || 'glyphicon-star-empty')\">\n" +
    "        <span class=\"sr-only\">({{ $index < value ? '*' : ' ' }})</span>\n" +
    "    </i>\n" +
    "</span>");
}]);

angular.module("template/tabs/tab.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/tabs/tab.html",
    "<li ng-class=\"{active: active, disabled: disabled}\">\n" +
    "  <a ng-click=\"select()\" tab-heading-transclude>{{heading}}</a>\n" +
    "</li>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/tabs/tabset-titles.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/tabs/tabset-titles.html",
    "<ul class=\"nav {{type && 'nav-' + type}}\" ng-class=\"{'nav-stacked': vertical}\">\n" +
    "</ul>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/tabs/tabset.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/tabs/tabset.html",
    "\n" +
    "<div>\n" +
    "  <ul class=\"nav nav-{{type || 'tabs'}}\" ng-class=\"{'nav-stacked': vertical, 'nav-justified': justified}\" ng-transclude></ul>\n" +
    "  <div class=\"tab-content\">\n" +
    "    <div class=\"tab-pane\" \n" +
    "         ng-repeat=\"tab in tabs\" \n" +
    "         ng-class=\"{active: tab.active}\"\n" +
    "         tab-content-transclude=\"tab\">\n" +
    "    </div>\n" +
    "  </div>\n" +
    "</div>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/timepicker/timepicker.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/timepicker/timepicker.html",
    "<table>\n" +
    "	<tbody>\n" +
    "		<tr class=\"text-center\">\n" +
    "			<td><a ng-click=\"incrementHours()\" class=\"btn btn-link\"><span class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-up\"></span></a></td>\n" +
    "			<td>&nbsp;</td>\n" +
    "			<td><a ng-click=\"incrementMinutes()\" class=\"btn btn-link\"><span class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-up\"></span></a></td>\n" +
    "			<td ng-show=\"showMeridian\"></td>\n" +
    "		</tr>\n" +
    "		<tr>\n" +
    "			<td style=\"width:50px;\" class=\"form-group\" ng-class=\"{'has-error': invalidHours}\">\n" +
    "				<input type=\"text\" ng-model=\"hours\" ng-change=\"updateHours()\" class=\"form-control text-center\" ng-mousewheel=\"incrementHours()\" ng-readonly=\"readonlyInput\" maxlength=\"2\">\n" +
    "			</td>\n" +
    "			<td>:</td>\n" +
    "			<td style=\"width:50px;\" class=\"form-group\" ng-class=\"{'has-error': invalidMinutes}\">\n" +
    "				<input type=\"text\" ng-model=\"minutes\" ng-change=\"updateMinutes()\" class=\"form-control text-center\" ng-readonly=\"readonlyInput\" maxlength=\"2\">\n" +
    "			</td>\n" +
    "			<td ng-show=\"showMeridian\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-default text-center\" ng-click=\"toggleMeridian()\">{{meridian}}</button></td>\n" +
    "		</tr>\n" +
    "		<tr class=\"text-center\">\n" +
    "			<td><a ng-click=\"decrementHours()\" class=\"btn btn-link\"><span class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-down\"></span></a></td>\n" +
    "			<td>&nbsp;</td>\n" +
    "			<td><a ng-click=\"decrementMinutes()\" class=\"btn btn-link\"><span class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-down\"></span></a></td>\n" +
    "			<td ng-show=\"showMeridian\"></td>\n" +
    "		</tr>\n" +
    "	</tbody>\n" +
    "</table>\n" +
    "");
}]);

angular.module("template/typeahead/typeahead-match.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/typeahead/typeahead-match.html",
    "<a tabindex=\"-1\" bind-html-unsafe=\"match.label | typeaheadHighlight:query\"></a>");
}]);

angular.module("template/typeahead/typeahead-popup.html", []).run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {
  $templateCache.put("template/typeahead/typeahead-popup.html",
    "<ul class=\"dropdown-menu\" ng-if=\"isOpen()\" ng-style=\"{top: position.top+'px', left: position.left+'px'}\" style=\"display: block;\" role=\"listbox\" aria-hidden=\"{{!isOpen()}}\">\n" +
    "    <li ng-repeat=\"match in matches track by $index\" ng-class=\"{active: isActive($index) }\" ng-mouseenter=\"selectActive($index)\" ng-click=\"selectMatch($index)\" role=\"option\" id=\"{{match.id}}\">\n" +
    "        <div typeahead-match index=\"$index\" match=\"match\" query=\"query\" template-url=\"templateUrl\"></div>\n" +
    "    </li>\n" +
    "</ul>");
}]);

// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.txt in the project root for license information.

;(function (undefined) {

    var objectTypes = {
        'boolean': false,
        'function': true,
        'object': true,
        'number': false,
        'string': false,
        'undefined': false
    };

    var root = (objectTypes[typeof window] && window) || this;

    /** Detect free variable `exports` */
    var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;

    /** Detect free variable `module` */
    var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType && module;

    /** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports` */
    var moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports && freeExports;

    /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js or Browserified code and use it as `root` */
    var freeGlobal = objectTypes[typeof global] && global;
    if (freeGlobal && (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal)) {
        root = freeGlobal;
    }

    // Headers
    
    var Rx = window.Rx,
        observable = Rx.Observable,
        observableProto = observable.prototype,
        observableCreate = observable.create;

    // Utilities
    var toString = {}.toString,
        slice = Array.prototype.slice;

    function isFunction (fn) {
        return toString.call(fn) === '[object Function]';
    }
    function noop () {}


/**
 * @ngdoc overview
 * @name rx
 *
 * @description
 * The `rx` module contains essential components for reactive extension bindings
 * for Angular apps.
 *
 * Installation of this module is just a cli command away:
 *
 * <pre>
 * bower install rx-angular
 * <pre>
 *
 * Simply declare it as dependency of your app like this:
 *
 * <pre>
 * var app = angular.module('myApp', ['rx']);
 * </pre>
 */
var rxModule = angular.module('rx', []);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name rx.rx
 *
 * @requires $window
 *
 * @description
 * Factory service that exposes the global `Rx` object to the Angular world.
 */
rxModule.factory('rx', function($window) {
        if(!$window.Rx) {
            throw new Error("Rx is not defined!");
        }
        return $window.Rx;
    });

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name rx.observeOnSope
 *
 * @requires rx.rx
 *
 * @description
 * An observer function that returns a function for a given `scope`,
 * `watchExpression` and `objectEquality` object. The returned function
 * delegates to an Angular watcher.
 *
 * @param {object} scope Scope object.
 * @param {(string|object)} watchExpression Watch expression.
 * @param {boolean} objectEquality Object to compare for object equality.
 *
 * @return {function} Factory function that creates obersables.
 */
    rxModule.factory('observeOnScope', function(rx) {
        return function(scope, watchExpression, objectEquality) {
            return rx.Observable.create(function (observer) {
                // Create function to handle old and new Value
                function listener (newValue, oldValue) {
                    observer.onNext({ oldValue: oldValue, newValue: newValue });
                }

                // Returns function which disconnects the $watch expression
                return scope.$watch(watchExpression, listener, objectEquality);
            });
        };
    });

    observableProto.safeApply = function($scope, fn){

        fn = isFunction(fn) ? fn : noop;

        return this.doAction(function(data){
            ($scope.$$phase || $scope.$root.$$phase) ? fn(data) : $scope.$apply(function(){
                fn(data);
            });
        });
    };
    rxModule.config(['$provide', function($provide) {
        /**
         * @ngdoc service
         * @name rx.$rootScope
         *
         * @requires $delegate
         *
         * @description
         * `$rootScope` decorator that extends the existing `$rootScope` service
         * with additional methods. These methods are Rx related methods, such as
         * methods to create observables or observable functions.
         */
        $provide.decorator('$rootScope', ['$delegate', function($delegate) {

            Object.defineProperties($delegate.constructor.prototype, {
                /**
                 * @ngdoc property
                 * @name rx.$rootScope.$toObservable
                 *
                 * @description
                 * Provides a method to create observable methods.
                 */
                '$toObservable': {
                    /**
                     * @ngdoc function
                     * @name rx.$rootScope.$toObservable#value
                     *
                     * @description
                     * Creates an observable from a watchExpression. 
                     *
                     * @param {(function|string)} watchExpression A watch expression.
                     * @param {boolean} objectEquality Compare object for equality.
                     *
                     * @return {object} Observable.
                     */
                    value: function(watchExpression, objectEquality) {
                        var scope = this;
                        return observableCreate(function (observer) {
                            // Create function to handle old and new Value
                            function listener (newValue, oldValue) {
                                observer.onNext({ oldValue: oldValue, newValue: newValue });
                            }

                            // Returns function which disconnects the $watch expression
                            var unbind = scope.$watch(watchExpression, listener, objectEquality);

                            var disposable = Rx.Disposable.create(unbind);

                            scope.$on('$destroy', function(){
                                disposable.dispose();
                            });

                            return disposable;
                        });
                    },
                    /**
                     * @ngdoc property
                     * @name rx.$rootScope.$toObservable#enumerable
                     *
                     * @description
                     * Enumerable flag.
                     */
                    enumerable: false
                },
                /**
                 * @ngdoc property
                 * @name rx.$rootScope.$eventToObservable
                 *
                 * @description
                 * Provides a method to create observable methods.
                 */
                '$eventToObservable': {
                    /**
                     * @ngdoc function
                     * @name rx.$rootScope.$eventToObservable#value
                     *
                     * @description
                     * Creates an Observable from an event which is fired on the local $scope.
                     * Expects an event name as the only input parameter.
                     *
                     * @param {string} event name
                     *
                     * @return {object} Observable object.
                     */
                    value: function(eventName) {
                        var scope = this;
                        return observableCreate(function (observer) {
                            function listener () {
                                var data = {
                                    'event': arguments[0],
                                    'additionalArguments': slice.call(arguments, 1)
                                };

                                observer.onNext(data);
                            }

                            // Returns function which disconnects from the event binding
                            var unbind = scope.$on(eventName, listener);

                            var disposable = Rx.Disposable.create(unbind);

                            scope.$on('$destroy', function(){
                                disposable.dispose();
                            });

                            return disposable;
                        });
                    },
                    /**
                     * @ngdoc property
                     * @name rx.$rootScope.$eventToObservable#enumerable
                     *
                     * @description
                     * Enumerable flag.
                     */
                    enumerable: false
                },
                /**
                 * @ngdoc property
                 * @name rx.$rootScope.$createObservableFunction
                 *
                 * @description
                 * Provides a method to create obsersables from functions.
                 */
                '$createObservableFunction': {
                    /**
                     * @ngdoc function
                     * @name rx.$rootScope.$createObservableFunction#value
                     *
                     * @description
                     * Creates an observable from a given function.
                     *
                     * @param {string} functionName A function name to observe.
                     * @param {function} listener A listener function that gets executed.
                     *
                     * @return {function} Remove listener function.
                     */
                    value: function(functionName, listener) {
                        var scope = this;

                        return observableCreate(function (observer) {
                            scope[functionName] = function () {
                                if (listener) {
                                    observer.onNext(listener.apply(this, arguments));
                                } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
                                    observer.onNext(arguments[0]);
                                } else {
                                    observer.onNext(arguments);
                                }
                            };

                            return function () {
                                // Remove our listener function from the scope.
                                delete scope[functionName];
                            };
                        });
                    },
                    /**
                     * @ngdoc property
                     * @name rx.$rootScope.$createObservableFunction#enumerable
                     *
                     * @description
                     * Enumerable flag.
                     */
                    enumerable: false
                }
            });

            return $delegate;
        }]);
    }]);

}.call(this));
//! moment.js
//! version : 2.7.0
//! authors : Tim Wood, Iskren Chernev, Moment.js contributors
//! license : MIT
//! momentjs.com

(function (undefined) {

    /************************************
        Constants
    ************************************/

    var moment,
        VERSION = "2.7.0",
        // the global-scope this is NOT the global object in Node.js
        globalScope = typeof global !== 'undefined' ? global : this,
        oldGlobalMoment,
        round = Math.round,
        i,

        YEAR = 0,
        MONTH = 1,
        DATE = 2,
        HOUR = 3,
        MINUTE = 4,
        SECOND = 5,
        MILLISECOND = 6,

        // internal storage for language config files
        languages = {},

        // moment internal properties
        momentProperties = {
            _isAMomentObject: null,
            _i : null,
            _f : null,
            _l : null,
            _strict : null,
            _tzm : null,
            _isUTC : null,
            _offset : null,  // optional. Combine with _isUTC
            _pf : null,
            _lang : null  // optional
        },

        // check for nodeJS
        hasModule = (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports),

        // ASP.NET json date format regex
        aspNetJsonRegex = /^\/?Date\((\-?\d+)/i,
        aspNetTimeSpanJsonRegex = /(\-)?(?:(\d*)\.)?(\d+)\:(\d+)(?:\:(\d+)\.?(\d{3})?)?/,

        // from http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_date_date.js.source.html
        // somewhat more in line with 4.4.3.2 2004 spec, but allows decimal anywhere
        isoDurationRegex = /^(-)?P(?:(?:([0-9,.]*)Y)?(?:([0-9,.]*)M)?(?:([0-9,.]*)D)?(?:T(?:([0-9,.]*)H)?(?:([0-9,.]*)M)?(?:([0-9,.]*)S)?)?|([0-9,.]*)W)$/,

        // format tokens
        formattingTokens = /(\[[^\[]*\])|(\\)?(Mo|MM?M?M?|Do|DDDo|DD?D?D?|ddd?d?|do?|w[o|w]?|W[o|W]?|Q|YYYYYY|YYYYY|YYYY|YY|gg(ggg?)?|GG(GGG?)?|e|E|a|A|hh?|HH?|mm?|ss?|S{1,4}|X|zz?|ZZ?|.)/g,
        localFormattingTokens = /(\[[^\[]*\])|(\\)?(LT|LL?L?L?|l{1,4})/g,

        // parsing token regexes
        parseTokenOneOrTwoDigits = /\d\d?/, // 0 - 99
        parseTokenOneToThreeDigits = /\d{1,3}/, // 0 - 999
        parseTokenOneToFourDigits = /\d{1,4}/, // 0 - 9999
        parseTokenOneToSixDigits = /[+\-]?\d{1,6}/, // -999,999 - 999,999
        parseTokenDigits = /\d+/, // nonzero number of digits
        parseTokenWord = /[0-9]*['a-z\u00A0-\u05FF\u0700-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF]+|[\u0600-\u06FF\/]+(\s*?[\u0600-\u06FF]+){1,2}/i, // any word (or two) characters or numbers including two/three word month in arabic.
        parseTokenTimezone = /Z|[\+\-]\d\d:?\d\d/gi, // +00:00 -00:00 +0000 -0000 or Z
        parseTokenT = /T/i, // T (ISO separator)
        parseTokenTimestampMs = /[\+\-]?\d+(\.\d{1,3})?/, // 123456789 123456789.123
        parseTokenOrdinal = /\d{1,2}/,

        //strict parsing regexes
        parseTokenOneDigit = /\d/, // 0 - 9
        parseTokenTwoDigits = /\d\d/, // 00 - 99
        parseTokenThreeDigits = /\d{3}/, // 000 - 999
        parseTokenFourDigits = /\d{4}/, // 0000 - 9999
        parseTokenSixDigits = /[+-]?\d{6}/, // -999,999 - 999,999
        parseTokenSignedNumber = /[+-]?\d+/, // -inf - inf

        // iso 8601 regex
        // 0000-00-00 0000-W00 or 0000-W00-0 + T + 00 or 00:00 or 00:00:00 or 00:00:00.000 + +00:00 or +0000 or +00)
        isoRegex = /^\s*(?:[+-]\d{6}|\d{4})-(?:(\d\d-\d\d)|(W\d\d$)|(W\d\d-\d)|(\d\d\d))((T| )(\d\d(:\d\d(:\d\d(\.\d+)?)?)?)?([\+\-]\d\d(?::?\d\d)?|\s*Z)?)?$/,

        isoFormat = 'YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ssZ',

        isoDates = [
            ['YYYYYY-MM-DD', /[+-]\d{6}-\d{2}-\d{2}/],
            ['YYYY-MM-DD', /\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}/],
            ['GGGG-[W]WW-E', /\d{4}-W\d{2}-\d/],
            ['GGGG-[W]WW', /\d{4}-W\d{2}/],
            ['YYYY-DDD', /\d{4}-\d{3}/]
        ],

        // iso time formats and regexes
        isoTimes = [
            ['HH:mm:ss.SSSS', /(T| )\d\d:\d\d:\d\d\.\d+/],
            ['HH:mm:ss', /(T| )\d\d:\d\d:\d\d/],
            ['HH:mm', /(T| )\d\d:\d\d/],
            ['HH', /(T| )\d\d/]
        ],

        // timezone chunker "+10:00" > ["10", "00"] or "-1530" > ["-15", "30"]
        parseTimezoneChunker = /([\+\-]|\d\d)/gi,

        // getter and setter names
        proxyGettersAndSetters = 'Date|Hours|Minutes|Seconds|Milliseconds'.split('|'),
        unitMillisecondFactors = {
            'Milliseconds' : 1,
            'Seconds' : 1e3,
            'Minutes' : 6e4,
            'Hours' : 36e5,
            'Days' : 864e5,
            'Months' : 2592e6,
            'Years' : 31536e6
        },

        unitAliases = {
            ms : 'millisecond',
            s : 'second',
            m : 'minute',
            h : 'hour',
            d : 'day',
            D : 'date',
            w : 'week',
            W : 'isoWeek',
            M : 'month',
            Q : 'quarter',
            y : 'year',
            DDD : 'dayOfYear',
            e : 'weekday',
            E : 'isoWeekday',
            gg: 'weekYear',
            GG: 'isoWeekYear'
        },

        camelFunctions = {
            dayofyear : 'dayOfYear',
            isoweekday : 'isoWeekday',
            isoweek : 'isoWeek',
            weekyear : 'weekYear',
            isoweekyear : 'isoWeekYear'
        },

        // format function strings
        formatFunctions = {},

        // default relative time thresholds
        relativeTimeThresholds = {
          s: 45,   //seconds to minutes
          m: 45,   //minutes to hours
          h: 22,   //hours to days
          dd: 25,  //days to month (month == 1)
          dm: 45,  //days to months (months > 1)
          dy: 345  //days to year
        },

        // tokens to ordinalize and pad
        ordinalizeTokens = 'DDD w W M D d'.split(' '),
        paddedTokens = 'M D H h m s w W'.split(' '),

        formatTokenFunctions = {
            M    : function () {
                return this.month() + 1;
            },
            MMM  : function (format) {
                return this.lang().monthsShort(this, format);
            },
            MMMM : function (format) {
                return this.lang().months(this, format);
            },
            D    : function () {
                return this.date();
            },
            DDD  : function () {
                return this.dayOfYear();
            },
            d    : function () {
                return this.day();
            },
            dd   : function (format) {
                return this.lang().weekdaysMin(this, format);
            },
            ddd  : function (format) {
                return this.lang().weekdaysShort(this, format);
            },
            dddd : function (format) {
                return this.lang().weekdays(this, format);
            },
            w    : function () {
                return this.week();
            },
            W    : function () {
                return this.isoWeek();
            },
            YY   : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.year() % 100, 2);
            },
            YYYY : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.year(), 4);
            },
            YYYYY : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.year(), 5);
            },
            YYYYYY : function () {
                var y = this.year(), sign = y >= 0 ? '+' : '-';
                return sign + leftZeroFill(Math.abs(y), 6);
            },
            gg   : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.weekYear() % 100, 2);
            },
            gggg : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.weekYear(), 4);
            },
            ggggg : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.weekYear(), 5);
            },
            GG   : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.isoWeekYear() % 100, 2);
            },
            GGGG : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.isoWeekYear(), 4);
            },
            GGGGG : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.isoWeekYear(), 5);
            },
            e : function () {
                return this.weekday();
            },
            E : function () {
                return this.isoWeekday();
            },
            a    : function () {
                return this.lang().meridiem(this.hours(), this.minutes(), true);
            },
            A    : function () {
                return this.lang().meridiem(this.hours(), this.minutes(), false);
            },
            H    : function () {
                return this.hours();
            },
            h    : function () {
                return this.hours() % 12 || 12;
            },
            m    : function () {
                return this.minutes();
            },
            s    : function () {
                return this.seconds();
            },
            S    : function () {
                return toInt(this.milliseconds() / 100);
            },
            SS   : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(toInt(this.milliseconds() / 10), 2);
            },
            SSS  : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.milliseconds(), 3);
            },
            SSSS : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.milliseconds(), 3);
            },
            Z    : function () {
                var a = -this.zone(),
                    b = "+";
                if (a < 0) {
                    a = -a;
                    b = "-";
                }
                return b + leftZeroFill(toInt(a / 60), 2) + ":" + leftZeroFill(toInt(a) % 60, 2);
            },
            ZZ   : function () {
                var a = -this.zone(),
                    b = "+";
                if (a < 0) {
                    a = -a;
                    b = "-";
                }
                return b + leftZeroFill(toInt(a / 60), 2) + leftZeroFill(toInt(a) % 60, 2);
            },
            z : function () {
                return this.zoneAbbr();
            },
            zz : function () {
                return this.zoneName();
            },
            X    : function () {
                return this.unix();
            },
            Q : function () {
                return this.quarter();
            }
        },

        lists = ['months', 'monthsShort', 'weekdays', 'weekdaysShort', 'weekdaysMin'];

    // Pick the first defined of two or three arguments. dfl comes from
    // default.
    function dfl(a, b, c) {
        switch (arguments.length) {
            case 2: return a != null ? a : b;
            case 3: return a != null ? a : b != null ? b : c;
            default: throw new Error("Implement me");
        }
    }

    function defaultParsingFlags() {
        // We need to deep clone this object, and es5 standard is not very
        // helpful.
        return {
            empty : false,
            unusedTokens : [],
            unusedInput : [],
            overflow : -2,
            charsLeftOver : 0,
            nullInput : false,
            invalidMonth : null,
            invalidFormat : false,
            userInvalidated : false,
            iso: false
        };
    }

    function deprecate(msg, fn) {
        var firstTime = true;
        function printMsg() {
            if (moment.suppressDeprecationWarnings === false &&
                    typeof console !== 'undefined' && console.warn) {
                console.warn("Deprecation warning: " + msg);
            }
        }
        return extend(function () {
            if (firstTime) {
                printMsg();
                firstTime = false;
            }
            return fn.apply(this, arguments);
        }, fn);
    }

    function padToken(func, count) {
        return function (a) {
            return leftZeroFill(func.call(this, a), count);
        };
    }
    function ordinalizeToken(func, period) {
        return function (a) {
            return this.lang().ordinal(func.call(this, a), period);
        };
    }

    while (ordinalizeTokens.length) {
        i = ordinalizeTokens.pop();
        formatTokenFunctions[i + 'o'] = ordinalizeToken(formatTokenFunctions[i], i);
    }
    while (paddedTokens.length) {
        i = paddedTokens.pop();
        formatTokenFunctions[i + i] = padToken(formatTokenFunctions[i], 2);
    }
    formatTokenFunctions.DDDD = padToken(formatTokenFunctions.DDD, 3);


    /************************************
        Constructors
    ************************************/

    function Language() {

    }

    // Moment prototype object
    function Moment(config) {
        checkOverflow(config);
        extend(this, config);
    }

    // Duration Constructor
    function Duration(duration) {
        var normalizedInput = normalizeObjectUnits(duration),
            years = normalizedInput.year || 0,
            quarters = normalizedInput.quarter || 0,
            months = normalizedInput.month || 0,
            weeks = normalizedInput.week || 0,
            days = normalizedInput.day || 0,
            hours = normalizedInput.hour || 0,
            minutes = normalizedInput.minute || 0,
            seconds = normalizedInput.second || 0,
            milliseconds = normalizedInput.millisecond || 0;

        // representation for dateAddRemove
        this._milliseconds = +milliseconds +
            seconds * 1e3 + // 1000
            minutes * 6e4 + // 1000 * 60
            hours * 36e5; // 1000 * 60 * 60
        // Because of dateAddRemove treats 24 hours as different from a
        // day when working around DST, we need to store them separately
        this._days = +days +
            weeks * 7;
        // It is impossible translate months into days without knowing
        // which months you are are talking about, so we have to store
        // it separately.
        this._months = +months +
            quarters * 3 +
            years * 12;

        this._data = {};

        this._bubble();
    }

    /************************************
        Helpers
    ************************************/


    function extend(a, b) {
        for (var i in b) {
            if (b.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
                a[i] = b[i];
            }
        }

        if (b.hasOwnProperty("toString")) {
            a.toString = b.toString;
        }

        if (b.hasOwnProperty("valueOf")) {
            a.valueOf = b.valueOf;
        }

        return a;
    }

    function cloneMoment(m) {
        var result = {}, i;
        for (i in m) {
            if (m.hasOwnProperty(i) && momentProperties.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
                result[i] = m[i];
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    function absRound(number) {
        if (number < 0) {
            return Math.ceil(number);
        } else {
            return Math.floor(number);
        }
    }

    // left zero fill a number
    // see http://jsperf.com/left-zero-filling for performance comparison
    function leftZeroFill(number, targetLength, forceSign) {
        var output = '' + Math.abs(number),
            sign = number >= 0;

        while (output.length < targetLength) {
            output = '0' + output;
        }
        return (sign ? (forceSign ? '+' : '') : '-') + output;
    }

    // helper function for _.addTime and _.subtractTime
    function addOrSubtractDurationFromMoment(mom, duration, isAdding, updateOffset) {
        var milliseconds = duration._milliseconds,
            days = duration._days,
            months = duration._months;
        updateOffset = updateOffset == null ? true : updateOffset;

        if (milliseconds) {
            mom._d.setTime(+mom._d + milliseconds * isAdding);
        }
        if (days) {
            rawSetter(mom, 'Date', rawGetter(mom, 'Date') + days * isAdding);
        }
        if (months) {
            rawMonthSetter(mom, rawGetter(mom, 'Month') + months * isAdding);
        }
        if (updateOffset) {
            moment.updateOffset(mom, days || months);
        }
    }

    // check if is an array
    function isArray(input) {
        return Object.prototype.toString.call(input) === '[object Array]';
    }

    function isDate(input) {
        return  Object.prototype.toString.call(input) === '[object Date]' ||
                input instanceof Date;
    }

    // compare two arrays, return the number of differences
    function compareArrays(array1, array2, dontConvert) {
        var len = Math.min(array1.length, array2.length),
            lengthDiff = Math.abs(array1.length - array2.length),
            diffs = 0,
            i;
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if ((dontConvert && array1[i] !== array2[i]) ||
                (!dontConvert && toInt(array1[i]) !== toInt(array2[i]))) {
                diffs++;
            }
        }
        return diffs + lengthDiff;
    }

    function normalizeUnits(units) {
        if (units) {
            var lowered = units.toLowerCase().replace(/(.)s$/, '$1');
            units = unitAliases[units] || camelFunctions[lowered] || lowered;
        }
        return units;
    }

    function normalizeObjectUnits(inputObject) {
        var normalizedInput = {},
            normalizedProp,
            prop;

        for (prop in inputObject) {
            if (inputObject.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
                normalizedProp = normalizeUnits(prop);
                if (normalizedProp) {
                    normalizedInput[normalizedProp] = inputObject[prop];
                }
            }
        }

        return normalizedInput;
    }

    function makeList(field) {
        var count, setter;

        if (field.indexOf('week') === 0) {
            count = 7;
            setter = 'day';
        }
        else if (field.indexOf('month') === 0) {
            count = 12;
            setter = 'month';
        }
        else {
            return;
        }

        moment[field] = function (format, index) {
            var i, getter,
                method = moment.fn._lang[field],
                results = [];

            if (typeof format === 'number') {
                index = format;
                format = undefined;
            }

            getter = function (i) {
                var m = moment().utc().set(setter, i);
                return method.call(moment.fn._lang, m, format || '');
            };

            if (index != null) {
                return getter(index);
            }
            else {
                for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    results.push(getter(i));
                }
                return results;
            }
        };
    }

    function toInt(argumentForCoercion) {
        var coercedNumber = +argumentForCoercion,
            value = 0;

        if (coercedNumber !== 0 && isFinite(coercedNumber)) {
            if (coercedNumber >= 0) {
                value = Math.floor(coercedNumber);
            } else {
                value = Math.ceil(coercedNumber);
            }
        }

        return value;
    }

    function daysInMonth(year, month) {
        return new Date(Date.UTC(year, month + 1, 0)).getUTCDate();
    }

    function weeksInYear(year, dow, doy) {
        return weekOfYear(moment([year, 11, 31 + dow - doy]), dow, doy).week;
    }

    function daysInYear(year) {
        return isLeapYear(year) ? 366 : 365;
    }

    function isLeapYear(year) {
        return (year % 4 === 0 && year % 100 !== 0) || year % 400 === 0;
    }

    function checkOverflow(m) {
        var overflow;
        if (m._a && m._pf.overflow === -2) {
            overflow =
                m._a[MONTH] < 0 || m._a[MONTH] > 11 ? MONTH :
                m._a[DATE] < 1 || m._a[DATE] > daysInMonth(m._a[YEAR], m._a[MONTH]) ? DATE :
                m._a[HOUR] < 0 || m._a[HOUR] > 23 ? HOUR :
                m._a[MINUTE] < 0 || m._a[MINUTE] > 59 ? MINUTE :
                m._a[SECOND] < 0 || m._a[SECOND] > 59 ? SECOND :
                m._a[MILLISECOND] < 0 || m._a[MILLISECOND] > 999 ? MILLISECOND :
                -1;

            if (m._pf._overflowDayOfYear && (overflow < YEAR || overflow > DATE)) {
                overflow = DATE;
            }

            m._pf.overflow = overflow;
        }
    }

    function isValid(m) {
        if (m._isValid == null) {
            m._isValid = !isNaN(m._d.getTime()) &&
                m._pf.overflow < 0 &&
                !m._pf.empty &&
                !m._pf.invalidMonth &&
                !m._pf.nullInput &&
                !m._pf.invalidFormat &&
                !m._pf.userInvalidated;

            if (m._strict) {
                m._isValid = m._isValid &&
                    m._pf.charsLeftOver === 0 &&
                    m._pf.unusedTokens.length === 0;
            }
        }
        return m._isValid;
    }

    function normalizeLanguage(key) {
        return key ? key.toLowerCase().replace('_', '-') : key;
    }

    // Return a moment from input, that is local/utc/zone equivalent to model.
    function makeAs(input, model) {
        return model._isUTC ? moment(input).zone(model._offset || 0) :
            moment(input).local();
    }

    /************************************
        Languages
    ************************************/


    extend(Language.prototype, {

        set : function (config) {
            var prop, i;
            for (i in config) {
                prop = config[i];
                if (typeof prop === 'function') {
                    this[i] = prop;
                } else {
                    this['_' + i] = prop;
                }
            }
        },

        _months : "January_February_March_April_May_June_July_August_September_October_November_December".split("_"),
        months : function (m) {
            return this._months[m.month()];
        },

        _monthsShort : "Jan_Feb_Mar_Apr_May_Jun_Jul_Aug_Sep_Oct_Nov_Dec".split("_"),
        monthsShort : function (m) {
            return this._monthsShort[m.month()];
        },

        monthsParse : function (monthName) {
            var i, mom, regex;

            if (!this._monthsParse) {
                this._monthsParse = [];
            }

            for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
                // make the regex if we don't have it already
                if (!this._monthsParse[i]) {
                    mom = moment.utc([2000, i]);
                    regex = '^' + this.months(mom, '') + '|^' + this.monthsShort(mom, '');
                    this._monthsParse[i] = new RegExp(regex.replace('.', ''), 'i');
                }
                // test the regex
                if (this._monthsParse[i].test(monthName)) {
                    return i;
                }
            }
        },

        _weekdays : "Sunday_Monday_Tuesday_Wednesday_Thursday_Friday_Saturday".split("_"),
        weekdays : function (m) {
            return this._weekdays[m.day()];
        },

        _weekdaysShort : "Sun_Mon_Tue_Wed_Thu_Fri_Sat".split("_"),
        weekdaysShort : function (m) {
            return this._weekdaysShort[m.day()];
        },

        _weekdaysMin : "Su_Mo_Tu_We_Th_Fr_Sa".split("_"),
        weekdaysMin : function (m) {
            return this._weekdaysMin[m.day()];
        },

        weekdaysParse : function (weekdayName) {
            var i, mom, regex;

            if (!this._weekdaysParse) {
                this._weekdaysParse = [];
            }

            for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
                // make the regex if we don't have it already
                if (!this._weekdaysParse[i]) {
                    mom = moment([2000, 1]).day(i);
                    regex = '^' + this.weekdays(mom, '') + '|^' + this.weekdaysShort(mom, '') + '|^' + this.weekdaysMin(mom, '');
                    this._weekdaysParse[i] = new RegExp(regex.replace('.', ''), 'i');
                }
                // test the regex
                if (this._weekdaysParse[i].test(weekdayName)) {
                    return i;
                }
            }
        },

        _longDateFormat : {
            LT : "h:mm A",
            L : "MM/DD/YYYY",
            LL : "MMMM D YYYY",
            LLL : "MMMM D YYYY LT",
            LLLL : "dddd, MMMM D YYYY LT"
        },
        longDateFormat : function (key) {
            var output = this._longDateFormat[key];
            if (!output && this._longDateFormat[key.toUpperCase()]) {
                output = this._longDateFormat[key.toUpperCase()].replace(/MMMM|MM|DD|dddd/g, function (val) {
                    return val.slice(1);
                });
                this._longDateFormat[key] = output;
            }
            return output;
        },

        isPM : function (input) {
            // IE8 Quirks Mode & IE7 Standards Mode do not allow accessing strings like arrays
            // Using charAt should be more compatible.
            return ((input + '').toLowerCase().charAt(0) === 'p');
        },

        _meridiemParse : /[ap]\.?m?\.?/i,
        meridiem : function (hours, minutes, isLower) {
            if (hours > 11) {
                return isLower ? 'pm' : 'PM';
            } else {
                return isLower ? 'am' : 'AM';
            }
        },

        _calendar : {
            sameDay : '[Today at] LT',
            nextDay : '[Tomorrow at] LT',
            nextWeek : 'dddd [at] LT',
            lastDay : '[Yesterday at] LT',
            lastWeek : '[Last] dddd [at] LT',
            sameElse : 'L'
        },
        calendar : function (key, mom) {
            var output = this._calendar[key];
            return typeof output === 'function' ? output.apply(mom) : output;
        },

        _relativeTime : {
            future : "in %s",
            past : "%s ago",
            s : "a few seconds",
            m : "a minute",
            mm : "%d minutes",
            h : "an hour",
            hh : "%d hours",
            d : "a day",
            dd : "%d days",
            M : "a month",
            MM : "%d months",
            y : "a year",
            yy : "%d years"
        },
        relativeTime : function (number, withoutSuffix, string, isFuture) {
            var output = this._relativeTime[string];
            return (typeof output === 'function') ?
                output(number, withoutSuffix, string, isFuture) :
                output.replace(/%d/i, number);
        },
        pastFuture : function (diff, output) {
            var format = this._relativeTime[diff > 0 ? 'future' : 'past'];
            return typeof format === 'function' ? format(output) : format.replace(/%s/i, output);
        },

        ordinal : function (number) {
            return this._ordinal.replace("%d", number);
        },
        _ordinal : "%d",

        preparse : function (string) {
            return string;
        },

        postformat : function (string) {
            return string;
        },

        week : function (mom) {
            return weekOfYear(mom, this._week.dow, this._week.doy).week;
        },

        _week : {
            dow : 0, // Sunday is the first day of the week.
            doy : 6  // The week that contains Jan 1st is the first week of the year.
        },

        _invalidDate: 'Invalid date',
        invalidDate: function () {
            return this._invalidDate;
        }
    });

    // Loads a language definition into the `languages` cache.  The function
    // takes a key and optionally values.  If not in the browser and no values
    // are provided, it will load the language file module.  As a convenience,
    // this function also returns the language values.
    function loadLang(key, values) {
        values.abbr = key;
        if (!languages[key]) {
            languages[key] = new Language();
        }
        languages[key].set(values);
        return languages[key];
    }

    // Remove a language from the `languages` cache. Mostly useful in tests.
    function unloadLang(key) {
        delete languages[key];
    }

    // Determines which language definition to use and returns it.
    //
    // With no parameters, it will return the global language.  If you
    // pass in a language key, such as 'en', it will return the
    // definition for 'en', so long as 'en' has already been loaded using
    // moment.lang.
    function getLangDefinition(key) {
        var i = 0, j, lang, next, split,
            get = function (k) {
                if (!languages[k] && hasModule) {
                    try {
                        require('./lang/' + k);
                    } catch (e) { }
                }
                return languages[k];
            };

        if (!key) {
            return moment.fn._lang;
        }

        if (!isArray(key)) {
            //short-circuit everything else
            lang = get(key);
            if (lang) {
                return lang;
            }
            key = [key];
        }

        //pick the language from the array
        //try ['en-au', 'en-gb'] as 'en-au', 'en-gb', 'en', as in move through the list trying each
        //substring from most specific to least, but move to the next array item if it's a more specific variant than the current root
        while (i < key.length) {
            split = normalizeLanguage(key[i]).split('-');
            j = split.length;
            next = normalizeLanguage(key[i + 1]);
            next = next ? next.split('-') : null;
            while (j > 0) {
                lang = get(split.slice(0, j).join('-'));
                if (lang) {
                    return lang;
                }
                if (next && next.length >= j && compareArrays(split, next, true) >= j - 1) {
                    //the next array item is better than a shallower substring of this one
                    break;
                }
                j--;
            }
            i++;
        }
        return moment.fn._lang;
    }

    /************************************
        Formatting
    ************************************/


    function removeFormattingTokens(input) {
        if (input.match(/\[[\s\S]/)) {
            return input.replace(/^\[|\]$/g, "");
        }
        return input.replace(/\\/g, "");
    }

    function makeFormatFunction(format) {
        var array = format.match(formattingTokens), i, length;

        for (i = 0, length = array.length; i < length; i++) {
            if (formatTokenFunctions[array[i]]) {
                array[i] = formatTokenFunctions[array[i]];
            } else {
                array[i] = removeFormattingTokens(array[i]);
            }
        }

        return function (mom) {
            var output = "";
            for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                output += array[i] instanceof Function ? array[i].call(mom, format) : array[i];
            }
            return output;
        };
    }

    // format date using native date object
    function formatMoment(m, format) {

        if (!m.isValid()) {
            return m.lang().invalidDate();
        }

        format = expandFormat(format, m.lang());

        if (!formatFunctions[format]) {
            formatFunctions[format] = makeFormatFunction(format);
        }

        return formatFunctions[format](m);
    }

    function expandFormat(format, lang) {
        var i = 5;

        function replaceLongDateFormatTokens(input) {
            return lang.longDateFormat(input) || input;
        }

        localFormattingTokens.lastIndex = 0;
        while (i >= 0 && localFormattingTokens.test(format)) {
            format = format.replace(localFormattingTokens, replaceLongDateFormatTokens);
            localFormattingTokens.lastIndex = 0;
            i -= 1;
        }

        return format;
    }


    /************************************
        Parsing
    ************************************/


    // get the regex to find the next token
    function getParseRegexForToken(token, config) {
        var a, strict = config._strict;
        switch (token) {
        case 'Q':
            return parseTokenOneDigit;
        case 'DDDD':
            return parseTokenThreeDigits;
        case 'YYYY':
        case 'GGGG':
        case 'gggg':
            return strict ? parseTokenFourDigits : parseTokenOneToFourDigits;
        case 'Y':
        case 'G':
        case 'g':
            return parseTokenSignedNumber;
        case 'YYYYYY':
        case 'YYYYY':
        case 'GGGGG':
        case 'ggggg':
            return strict ? parseTokenSixDigits : parseTokenOneToSixDigits;
        case 'S':
            if (strict) { return parseTokenOneDigit; }
            /* falls through */
        case 'SS':
            if (strict) { return parseTokenTwoDigits; }
            /* falls through */
        case 'SSS':
            if (strict) { return parseTokenThreeDigits; }
            /* falls through */
        case 'DDD':
            return parseTokenOneToThreeDigits;
        case 'MMM':
        case 'MMMM':
        case 'dd':
        case 'ddd':
        case 'dddd':
            return parseTokenWord;
        case 'a':
        case 'A':
            return getLangDefinition(config._l)._meridiemParse;
        case 'X':
            return parseTokenTimestampMs;
        case 'Z':
        case 'ZZ':
            return parseTokenTimezone;
        case 'T':
            return parseTokenT;
        case 'SSSS':
            return parseTokenDigits;
        case 'MM':
        case 'DD':
        case 'YY':
        case 'GG':
        case 'gg':
        case 'HH':
        case 'hh':
        case 'mm':
        case 'ss':
        case 'ww':
        case 'WW':
            return strict ? parseTokenTwoDigits : parseTokenOneOrTwoDigits;
        case 'M':
        case 'D':
        case 'd':
        case 'H':
        case 'h':
        case 'm':
        case 's':
        case 'w':
        case 'W':
        case 'e':
        case 'E':
            return parseTokenOneOrTwoDigits;
        case 'Do':
            return parseTokenOrdinal;
        default :
            a = new RegExp(regexpEscape(unescapeFormat(token.replace('\\', '')), "i"));
            return a;
        }
    }

    function timezoneMinutesFromString(string) {
        string = string || "";
        var possibleTzMatches = (string.match(parseTokenTimezone) || []),
            tzChunk = possibleTzMatches[possibleTzMatches.length - 1] || [],
            parts = (tzChunk + '').match(parseTimezoneChunker) || ['-', 0, 0],
            minutes = +(parts[1] * 60) + toInt(parts[2]);

        return parts[0] === '+' ? -minutes : minutes;
    }

    // function to convert string input to date
    function addTimeToArrayFromToken(token, input, config) {
        var a, datePartArray = config._a;

        switch (token) {
        // QUARTER
        case 'Q':
            if (input != null) {
                datePartArray[MONTH] = (toInt(input) - 1) * 3;
            }
            break;
        // MONTH
        case 'M' : // fall through to MM
        case 'MM' :
            if (input != null) {
                datePartArray[MONTH] = toInt(input) - 1;
            }
            break;
        case 'MMM' : // fall through to MMMM
        case 'MMMM' :
            a = getLangDefinition(config._l).monthsParse(input);
            // if we didn't find a month name, mark the date as invalid.
            if (a != null) {
                datePartArray[MONTH] = a;
            } else {
                config._pf.invalidMonth = input;
            }
            break;
        // DAY OF MONTH
        case 'D' : // fall through to DD
        case 'DD' :
            if (input != null) {
                datePartArray[DATE] = toInt(input);
            }
            break;
        case 'Do' :
            if (input != null) {
                datePartArray[DATE] = toInt(parseInt(input, 10));
            }
            break;
        // DAY OF YEAR
        case 'DDD' : // fall through to DDDD
        case 'DDDD' :
            if (input != null) {
                config._dayOfYear = toInt(input);
            }

            break;
        // YEAR
        case 'YY' :
            datePartArray[YEAR] = moment.parseTwoDigitYear(input);
            break;
        case 'YYYY' :
        case 'YYYYY' :
        case 'YYYYYY' :
            datePartArray[YEAR] = toInt(input);
            break;
        // AM / PM
        case 'a' : // fall through to A
        case 'A' :
            config._isPm = getLangDefinition(config._l).isPM(input);
            break;
        // 24 HOUR
        case 'H' : // fall through to hh
        case 'HH' : // fall through to hh
        case 'h' : // fall through to hh
        case 'hh' :
            datePartArray[HOUR] = toInt(input);
            break;
        // MINUTE
        case 'm' : // fall through to mm
        case 'mm' :
            datePartArray[MINUTE] = toInt(input);
            break;
        // SECOND
        case 's' : // fall through to ss
        case 'ss' :
            datePartArray[SECOND] = toInt(input);
            break;
        // MILLISECOND
        case 'S' :
        case 'SS' :
        case 'SSS' :
        case 'SSSS' :
            datePartArray[MILLISECOND] = toInt(('0.' + input) * 1000);
            break;
        // UNIX TIMESTAMP WITH MS
        case 'X':
            config._d = new Date(parseFloat(input) * 1000);
            break;
        // TIMEZONE
        case 'Z' : // fall through to ZZ
        case 'ZZ' :
            config._useUTC = true;
            config._tzm = timezoneMinutesFromString(input);
            break;
        // WEEKDAY - human
        case 'dd':
        case 'ddd':
        case 'dddd':
            a = getLangDefinition(config._l).weekdaysParse(input);
            // if we didn't get a weekday name, mark the date as invalid
            if (a != null) {
                config._w = config._w || {};
                config._w['d'] = a;
            } else {
                config._pf.invalidWeekday = input;
            }
            break;
        // WEEK, WEEK DAY - numeric
        case 'w':
        case 'ww':
        case 'W':
        case 'WW':
        case 'd':
        case 'e':
        case 'E':
            token = token.substr(0, 1);
            /* falls through */
        case 'gggg':
        case 'GGGG':
        case 'GGGGG':
            token = token.substr(0, 2);
            if (input) {
                config._w = config._w || {};
                config._w[token] = toInt(input);
            }
            break;
        case 'gg':
        case 'GG':
            config._w = config._w || {};
            config._w[token] = moment.parseTwoDigitYear(input);
        }
    }

    function dayOfYearFromWeekInfo(config) {
        var w, weekYear, week, weekday, dow, doy, temp, lang;

        w = config._w;
        if (w.GG != null || w.W != null || w.E != null) {
            dow = 1;
            doy = 4;

            // TODO: We need to take the current isoWeekYear, but that depends on
            // how we interpret now (local, utc, fixed offset). So create
            // a now version of current config (take local/utc/offset flags, and
            // create now).
            weekYear = dfl(w.GG, config._a[YEAR], weekOfYear(moment(), 1, 4).year);
            week = dfl(w.W, 1);
            weekday = dfl(w.E, 1);
        } else {
            lang = getLangDefinition(config._l);
            dow = lang._week.dow;
            doy = lang._week.doy;

            weekYear = dfl(w.gg, config._a[YEAR], weekOfYear(moment(), dow, doy).year);
            week = dfl(w.w, 1);

            if (w.d != null) {
                // weekday -- low day numbers are considered next week
                weekday = w.d;
                if (weekday < dow) {
                    ++week;
                }
            } else if (w.e != null) {
                // local weekday -- counting starts from begining of week
                weekday = w.e + dow;
            } else {
                // default to begining of week
                weekday = dow;
            }
        }
        temp = dayOfYearFromWeeks(weekYear, week, weekday, doy, dow);

        config._a[YEAR] = temp.year;
        config._dayOfYear = temp.dayOfYear;
    }

    // convert an array to a date.
    // the array should mirror the parameters below
    // note: all values past the year are optional and will default to the lowest possible value.
    // [year, month, day , hour, minute, second, millisecond]
    function dateFromConfig(config) {
        var i, date, input = [], currentDate, yearToUse;

        if (config._d) {
            return;
        }

        currentDate = currentDateArray(config);

        //compute day of the year from weeks and weekdays
        if (config._w && config._a[DATE] == null && config._a[MONTH] == null) {
            dayOfYearFromWeekInfo(config);
        }

        //if the day of the year is set, figure out what it is
        if (config._dayOfYear) {
            yearToUse = dfl(config._a[YEAR], currentDate[YEAR]);

            if (config._dayOfYear > daysInYear(yearToUse)) {
                config._pf._overflowDayOfYear = true;
            }

            date = makeUTCDate(yearToUse, 0, config._dayOfYear);
            config._a[MONTH] = date.getUTCMonth();
            config._a[DATE] = date.getUTCDate();
        }

        // Default to current date.
        // * if no year, month, day of month are given, default to today
        // * if day of month is given, default month and year
        // * if month is given, default only year
        // * if year is given, don't default anything
        for (i = 0; i < 3 && config._a[i] == null; ++i) {
            config._a[i] = input[i] = currentDate[i];
        }

        // Zero out whatever was not defaulted, including time
        for (; i < 7; i++) {
            config._a[i] = input[i] = (config._a[i] == null) ? (i === 2 ? 1 : 0) : config._a[i];
        }

        config._d = (config._useUTC ? makeUTCDate : makeDate).apply(null, input);
        // Apply timezone offset from input. The actual zone can be changed
        // with parseZone.
        if (config._tzm != null) {
            config._d.setUTCMinutes(config._d.getUTCMinutes() + config._tzm);
        }
    }

    function dateFromObject(config) {
        var normalizedInput;

        if (config._d) {
            return;
        }

        normalizedInput = normalizeObjectUnits(config._i);
        config._a = [
            normalizedInput.year,
            normalizedInput.month,
            normalizedInput.day,
            normalizedInput.hour,
            normalizedInput.minute,
            normalizedInput.second,
            normalizedInput.millisecond
        ];

        dateFromConfig(config);
    }

    function currentDateArray(config) {
        var now = new Date();
        if (config._useUTC) {
            return [
                now.getUTCFullYear(),
                now.getUTCMonth(),
                now.getUTCDate()
            ];
        } else {
            return [now.getFullYear(), now.getMonth(), now.getDate()];
        }
    }

    // date from string and format string
    function makeDateFromStringAndFormat(config) {

        if (config._f === moment.ISO_8601) {
            parseISO(config);
            return;
        }

        config._a = [];
        config._pf.empty = true;

        // This array is used to make a Date, either with `new Date` or `Date.UTC`
        var lang = getLangDefinition(config._l),
            string = '' + config._i,
            i, parsedInput, tokens, token, skipped,
            stringLength = string.length,
            totalParsedInputLength = 0;

        tokens = expandFormat(config._f, lang).match(formattingTokens) || [];

        for (i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
            token = tokens[i];
            parsedInput = (string.match(getParseRegexForToken(token, config)) || [])[0];
            if (parsedInput) {
                skipped = string.substr(0, string.indexOf(parsedInput));
                if (skipped.length > 0) {
                    config._pf.unusedInput.push(skipped);
                }
                string = string.slice(string.indexOf(parsedInput) + parsedInput.length);
                totalParsedInputLength += parsedInput.length;
            }
            // don't parse if it's not a known token
            if (formatTokenFunctions[token]) {
                if (parsedInput) {
                    config._pf.empty = false;
                }
                else {
                    config._pf.unusedTokens.push(token);
                }
                addTimeToArrayFromToken(token, parsedInput, config);
            }
            else if (config._strict && !parsedInput) {
                config._pf.unusedTokens.push(token);
            }
        }

        // add remaining unparsed input length to the string
        config._pf.charsLeftOver = stringLength - totalParsedInputLength;
        if (string.length > 0) {
            config._pf.unusedInput.push(string);
        }

        // handle am pm
        if (config._isPm && config._a[HOUR] < 12) {
            config._a[HOUR] += 12;
        }
        // if is 12 am, change hours to 0
        if (config._isPm === false && config._a[HOUR] === 12) {
            config._a[HOUR] = 0;
        }

        dateFromConfig(config);
        checkOverflow(config);
    }

    function unescapeFormat(s) {
        return s.replace(/\\(\[)|\\(\])|\[([^\]\[]*)\]|\\(.)/g, function (matched, p1, p2, p3, p4) {
            return p1 || p2 || p3 || p4;
        });
    }

    // Code from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3561493/is-there-a-regexp-escape-function-in-javascript
    function regexpEscape(s) {
        return s.replace(/[-\/\\^$*+?.()|[\]{}]/g, '\\$&');
    }

    // date from string and array of format strings
    function makeDateFromStringAndArray(config) {
        var tempConfig,
            bestMoment,

            scoreToBeat,
            i,
            currentScore;

        if (config._f.length === 0) {
            config._pf.invalidFormat = true;
            config._d = new Date(NaN);
            return;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < config._f.length; i++) {
            currentScore = 0;
            tempConfig = extend({}, config);
            tempConfig._pf = defaultParsingFlags();
            tempConfig._f = config._f[i];
            makeDateFromStringAndFormat(tempConfig);

            if (!isValid(tempConfig)) {
                continue;
            }

            // if there is any input that was not parsed add a penalty for that format
            currentScore += tempConfig._pf.charsLeftOver;

            //or tokens
            currentScore += tempConfig._pf.unusedTokens.length * 10;

            tempConfig._pf.score = currentScore;

            if (scoreToBeat == null || currentScore < scoreToBeat) {
                scoreToBeat = currentScore;
                bestMoment = tempConfig;
            }
        }

        extend(config, bestMoment || tempConfig);
    }

    // date from iso format
    function parseISO(config) {
        var i, l,
            string = config._i,
            match = isoRegex.exec(string);

        if (match) {
            config._pf.iso = true;
            for (i = 0, l = isoDates.length; i < l; i++) {
                if (isoDates[i][1].exec(string)) {
                    // match[5] should be "T" or undefined
                    config._f = isoDates[i][0] + (match[6] || " ");
                    break;
                }
            }
            for (i = 0, l = isoTimes.length; i < l; i++) {
                if (isoTimes[i][1].exec(string)) {
                    config._f += isoTimes[i][0];
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (string.match(parseTokenTimezone)) {
                config._f += "Z";
            }
            makeDateFromStringAndFormat(config);
        } else {
            config._isValid = false;
        }
    }

    // date from iso format or fallback
    function makeDateFromString(config) {
        parseISO(config);
        if (config._isValid === false) {
            delete config._isValid;
            moment.createFromInputFallback(config);
        }
    }

    function makeDateFromInput(config) {
        var input = config._i,
            matched = aspNetJsonRegex.exec(input);

        if (input === undefined) {
            config._d = new Date();
        } else if (matched) {
            config._d = new Date(+matched[1]);
        } else if (typeof input === 'string') {
            makeDateFromString(config);
        } else if (isArray(input)) {
            config._a = input.slice(0);
            dateFromConfig(config);
        } else if (isDate(input)) {
            config._d = new Date(+input);
        } else if (typeof(input) === 'object') {
            dateFromObject(config);
        } else if (typeof(input) === 'number') {
            // from milliseconds
            config._d = new Date(input);
        } else {
            moment.createFromInputFallback(config);
        }
    }

    function makeDate(y, m, d, h, M, s, ms) {
        //can't just apply() to create a date:
        //http://stackoverflow.com/questions/181348/instantiating-a-javascript-object-by-calling-prototype-constructor-apply
        var date = new Date(y, m, d, h, M, s, ms);

        //the date constructor doesn't accept years < 1970
        if (y < 1970) {
            date.setFullYear(y);
        }
        return date;
    }

    function makeUTCDate(y) {
        var date = new Date(Date.UTC.apply(null, arguments));
        if (y < 1970) {
            date.setUTCFullYear(y);
        }
        return date;
    }

    function parseWeekday(input, language) {
        if (typeof input === 'string') {
            if (!isNaN(input)) {
                input = parseInt(input, 10);
            }
            else {
                input = language.weekdaysParse(input);
                if (typeof input !== 'number') {
                    return null;
                }
            }
        }
        return input;
    }

    /************************************
        Relative Time
    ************************************/


    // helper function for moment.fn.from, moment.fn.fromNow, and moment.duration.fn.humanize
    function substituteTimeAgo(string, number, withoutSuffix, isFuture, lang) {
        return lang.relativeTime(number || 1, !!withoutSuffix, string, isFuture);
    }

    function relativeTime(milliseconds, withoutSuffix, lang) {
        var seconds = round(Math.abs(milliseconds) / 1000),
            minutes = round(seconds / 60),
            hours = round(minutes / 60),
            days = round(hours / 24),
            years = round(days / 365),
            args = seconds < relativeTimeThresholds.s  && ['s', seconds] ||
                minutes === 1 && ['m'] ||
                minutes < relativeTimeThresholds.m && ['mm', minutes] ||
                hours === 1 && ['h'] ||
                hours < relativeTimeThresholds.h && ['hh', hours] ||
                days === 1 && ['d'] ||
                days <= relativeTimeThresholds.dd && ['dd', days] ||
                days <= relativeTimeThresholds.dm && ['M'] ||
                days < relativeTimeThresholds.dy && ['MM', round(days / 30)] ||
                years === 1 && ['y'] || ['yy', years];
        args[2] = withoutSuffix;
        args[3] = milliseconds > 0;
        args[4] = lang;
        return substituteTimeAgo.apply({}, args);
    }


    /************************************
        Week of Year
    ************************************/


    // firstDayOfWeek       0 = sun, 6 = sat
    //                      the day of the week that starts the week
    //                      (usually sunday or monday)
    // firstDayOfWeekOfYear 0 = sun, 6 = sat
    //                      the first week is the week that contains the first
    //                      of this day of the week
    //                      (eg. ISO weeks use thursday (4))
    function weekOfYear(mom, firstDayOfWeek, firstDayOfWeekOfYear) {
        var end = firstDayOfWeekOfYear - firstDayOfWeek,
            daysToDayOfWeek = firstDayOfWeekOfYear - mom.day(),
            adjustedMoment;


        if (daysToDayOfWeek > end) {
            daysToDayOfWeek -= 7;
        }

        if (daysToDayOfWeek < end - 7) {
            daysToDayOfWeek += 7;
        }

        adjustedMoment = moment(mom).add('d', daysToDayOfWeek);
        return {
            week: Math.ceil(adjustedMoment.dayOfYear() / 7),
            year: adjustedMoment.year()
        };
    }

    //http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_week_date#Calculating_a_date_given_the_year.2C_week_number_and_weekday
    function dayOfYearFromWeeks(year, week, weekday, firstDayOfWeekOfYear, firstDayOfWeek) {
        var d = makeUTCDate(year, 0, 1).getUTCDay(), daysToAdd, dayOfYear;

        d = d === 0 ? 7 : d;
        weekday = weekday != null ? weekday : firstDayOfWeek;
        daysToAdd = firstDayOfWeek - d + (d > firstDayOfWeekOfYear ? 7 : 0) - (d < firstDayOfWeek ? 7 : 0);
        dayOfYear = 7 * (week - 1) + (weekday - firstDayOfWeek) + daysToAdd + 1;

        return {
            year: dayOfYear > 0 ? year : year - 1,
            dayOfYear: dayOfYear > 0 ?  dayOfYear : daysInYear(year - 1) + dayOfYear
        };
    }

    /************************************
        Top Level Functions
    ************************************/

    function makeMoment(config) {
        var input = config._i,
            format = config._f;

        if (input === null || (format === undefined && input === '')) {
            return moment.invalid({nullInput: true});
        }

        if (typeof input === 'string') {
            config._i = input = getLangDefinition().preparse(input);
        }

        if (moment.isMoment(input)) {
            config = cloneMoment(input);

            config._d = new Date(+input._d);
        } else if (format) {
            if (isArray(format)) {
                makeDateFromStringAndArray(config);
            } else {
                makeDateFromStringAndFormat(config);
            }
        } else {
            makeDateFromInput(config);
        }

        return new Moment(config);
    }

    moment = function (input, format, lang, strict) {
        var c;

        if (typeof(lang) === "boolean") {
            strict = lang;
            lang = undefined;
        }
        // object construction must be done this way.
        // https://github.com/moment/moment/issues/1423
        c = {};
        c._isAMomentObject = true;
        c._i = input;
        c._f = format;
        c._l = lang;
        c._strict = strict;
        c._isUTC = false;
        c._pf = defaultParsingFlags();

        return makeMoment(c);
    };

    moment.suppressDeprecationWarnings = false;

    moment.createFromInputFallback = deprecate(
            "moment construction falls back to js Date. This is " +
            "discouraged and will be removed in upcoming major " +
            "release. Please refer to " +
            "https://github.com/moment/moment/issues/1407 for more info.",
            function (config) {
        config._d = new Date(config._i);
    });

    // Pick a moment m from moments so that m[fn](other) is true for all
    // other. This relies on the function fn to be transitive.
    //
    // moments should either be an array of moment objects or an array, whose
    // first element is an array of moment objects.
    function pickBy(fn, moments) {
        var res, i;
        if (moments.length === 1 && isArray(moments[0])) {
            moments = moments[0];
        }
        if (!moments.length) {
            return moment();
        }
        res = moments[0];
        for (i = 1; i < moments.length; ++i) {
            if (moments[i][fn](res)) {
                res = moments[i];
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    moment.min = function () {
        var args = [].slice.call(arguments, 0);

        return pickBy('isBefore', args);
    };

    moment.max = function () {
        var args = [].slice.call(arguments, 0);

        return pickBy('isAfter', args);
    };

    // creating with utc
    moment.utc = function (input, format, lang, strict) {
        var c;

        if (typeof(lang) === "boolean") {
            strict = lang;
            lang = undefined;
        }
        // object construction must be done this way.
        // https://github.com/moment/moment/issues/1423
        c = {};
        c._isAMomentObject = true;
        c._useUTC = true;
        c._isUTC = true;
        c._l = lang;
        c._i = input;
        c._f = format;
        c._strict = strict;
        c._pf = defaultParsingFlags();

        return makeMoment(c).utc();
    };

    // creating with unix timestamp (in seconds)
    moment.unix = function (input) {
        return moment(input * 1000);
    };

    // duration
    moment.duration = function (input, key) {
        var duration = input,
            // matching against regexp is expensive, do it on demand
            match = null,
            sign,
            ret,
            parseIso;

        if (moment.isDuration(input)) {
            duration = {
                ms: input._milliseconds,
                d: input._days,
                M: input._months
            };
        } else if (typeof input === 'number') {
            duration = {};
            if (key) {
                duration[key] = input;
            } else {
                duration.milliseconds = input;
            }
        } else if (!!(match = aspNetTimeSpanJsonRegex.exec(input))) {
            sign = (match[1] === "-") ? -1 : 1;
            duration = {
                y: 0,
                d: toInt(match[DATE]) * sign,
                h: toInt(match[HOUR]) * sign,
                m: toInt(match[MINUTE]) * sign,
                s: toInt(match[SECOND]) * sign,
                ms: toInt(match[MILLISECOND]) * sign
            };
        } else if (!!(match = isoDurationRegex.exec(input))) {
            sign = (match[1] === "-") ? -1 : 1;
            parseIso = function (inp) {
                // We'd normally use ~~inp for this, but unfortunately it also
                // converts floats to ints.
                // inp may be undefined, so careful calling replace on it.
                var res = inp && parseFloat(inp.replace(',', '.'));
                // apply sign while we're at it
                return (isNaN(res) ? 0 : res) * sign;
            };
            duration = {
                y: parseIso(match[2]),
                M: parseIso(match[3]),
                d: parseIso(match[4]),
                h: parseIso(match[5]),
                m: parseIso(match[6]),
                s: parseIso(match[7]),
                w: parseIso(match[8])
            };
        }

        ret = new Duration(duration);

        if (moment.isDuration(input) && input.hasOwnProperty('_lang')) {
            ret._lang = input._lang;
        }

        return ret;
    };

    // version number
    moment.version = VERSION;

    // default format
    moment.defaultFormat = isoFormat;

    // constant that refers to the ISO standard
    moment.ISO_8601 = function () {};

    // Plugins that add properties should also add the key here (null value),
    // so we can properly clone ourselves.
    moment.momentProperties = momentProperties;

    // This function will be called whenever a moment is mutated.
    // It is intended to keep the offset in sync with the timezone.
    moment.updateOffset = function () {};

    // This function allows you to set a threshold for relative time strings
    moment.relativeTimeThreshold = function(threshold, limit) {
      if (relativeTimeThresholds[threshold] === undefined) {
        return false;
      }
      relativeTimeThresholds[threshold] = limit;
      return true;
    };

    // This function will load languages and then set the global language.  If
    // no arguments are passed in, it will simply return the current global
    // language key.
    moment.lang = function (key, values) {
        var r;
        if (!key) {
            return moment.fn._lang._abbr;
        }
        if (values) {
            loadLang(normalizeLanguage(key), values);
        } else if (values === null) {
            unloadLang(key);
            key = 'en';
        } else if (!languages[key]) {
            getLangDefinition(key);
        }
        r = moment.duration.fn._lang = moment.fn._lang = getLangDefinition(key);
        return r._abbr;
    };

    // returns language data
    moment.langData = function (key) {
        if (key && key._lang && key._lang._abbr) {
            key = key._lang._abbr;
        }
        return getLangDefinition(key);
    };

    // compare moment object
    moment.isMoment = function (obj) {
        return obj instanceof Moment ||
            (obj != null &&  obj.hasOwnProperty('_isAMomentObject'));
    };

    // for typechecking Duration objects
    moment.isDuration = function (obj) {
        return obj instanceof Duration;
    };

    for (i = lists.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
        makeList(lists[i]);
    }

    moment.normalizeUnits = function (units) {
        return normalizeUnits(units);
    };

    moment.invalid = function (flags) {
        var m = moment.utc(NaN);
        if (flags != null) {
            extend(m._pf, flags);
        }
        else {
            m._pf.userInvalidated = true;
        }

        return m;
    };

    moment.parseZone = function () {
        return moment.apply(null, arguments).parseZone();
    };

    moment.parseTwoDigitYear = function (input) {
        return toInt(input) + (toInt(input) > 68 ? 1900 : 2000);
    };

    /************************************
        Moment Prototype
    ************************************/


    extend(moment.fn = Moment.prototype, {

        clone : function () {
            return moment(this);
        },

        valueOf : function () {
            return +this._d + ((this._offset || 0) * 60000);
        },

        unix : function () {
            return Math.floor(+this / 1000);
        },

        toString : function () {
            return this.clone().lang('en').format("ddd MMM DD YYYY HH:mm:ss [GMT]ZZ");
        },

        toDate : function () {
            return this._offset ? new Date(+this) : this._d;
        },

        toISOString : function () {
            var m = moment(this).utc();
            if (0 < m.year() && m.year() <= 9999) {
                return formatMoment(m, 'YYYY-MM-DD[T]HH:mm:ss.SSS[Z]');
            } else {
                return formatMoment(m, 'YYYYYY-MM-DD[T]HH:mm:ss.SSS[Z]');
            }
        },

        toArray : function () {
            var m = this;
            return [
                m.year(),
                m.month(),
                m.date(),
                m.hours(),
                m.minutes(),
                m.seconds(),
                m.milliseconds()
            ];
        },

        isValid : function () {
            return isValid(this);
        },

        isDSTShifted : function () {

            if (this._a) {
                return this.isValid() && compareArrays(this._a, (this._isUTC ? moment.utc(this._a) : moment(this._a)).toArray()) > 0;
            }

            return false;
        },

        parsingFlags : function () {
            return extend({}, this._pf);
        },

        invalidAt: function () {
            return this._pf.overflow;
        },

        utc : function () {
            return this.zone(0);
        },

        local : function () {
            this.zone(0);
            this._isUTC = false;
            return this;
        },

        format : function (inputString) {
            var output = formatMoment(this, inputString || moment.defaultFormat);
            return this.lang().postformat(output);
        },

        add : function (input, val) {
            var dur;
            // switch args to support add('s', 1) and add(1, 's')
            if (typeof input === 'string' && typeof val === 'string') {
                dur = moment.duration(isNaN(+val) ? +input : +val, isNaN(+val) ? val : input);
            } else if (typeof input === 'string') {
                dur = moment.duration(+val, input);
            } else {
                dur = moment.duration(input, val);
            }
            addOrSubtractDurationFromMoment(this, dur, 1);
            return this;
        },

        subtract : function (input, val) {
            var dur;
            // switch args to support subtract('s', 1) and subtract(1, 's')
            if (typeof input === 'string' && typeof val === 'string') {
                dur = moment.duration(isNaN(+val) ? +input : +val, isNaN(+val) ? val : input);
            } else if (typeof input === 'string') {
                dur = moment.duration(+val, input);
            } else {
                dur = moment.duration(input, val);
            }
            addOrSubtractDurationFromMoment(this, dur, -1);
            return this;
        },

        diff : function (input, units, asFloat) {
            var that = makeAs(input, this),
                zoneDiff = (this.zone() - that.zone()) * 6e4,
                diff, output;

            units = normalizeUnits(units);

            if (units === 'year' || units === 'month') {
                // average number of days in the months in the given dates
                diff = (this.daysInMonth() + that.daysInMonth()) * 432e5; // 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 / 2
                // difference in months
                output = ((this.year() - that.year()) * 12) + (this.month() - that.month());
                // adjust by taking difference in days, average number of days
                // and dst in the given months.
                output += ((this - moment(this).startOf('month')) -
                        (that - moment(that).startOf('month'))) / diff;
                // same as above but with zones, to negate all dst
                output -= ((this.zone() - moment(this).startOf('month').zone()) -
                        (that.zone() - moment(that).startOf('month').zone())) * 6e4 / diff;
                if (units === 'year') {
                    output = output / 12;
                }
            } else {
                diff = (this - that);
                output = units === 'second' ? diff / 1e3 : // 1000
                    units === 'minute' ? diff / 6e4 : // 1000 * 60
                    units === 'hour' ? diff / 36e5 : // 1000 * 60 * 60
                    units === 'day' ? (diff - zoneDiff) / 864e5 : // 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24, negate dst
                    units === 'week' ? (diff - zoneDiff) / 6048e5 : // 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 7, negate dst
                    diff;
            }
            return asFloat ? output : absRound(output);
        },

        from : function (time, withoutSuffix) {
            return moment.duration(this.diff(time)).lang(this.lang()._abbr).humanize(!withoutSuffix);
        },

        fromNow : function (withoutSuffix) {
            return this.from(moment(), withoutSuffix);
        },

        calendar : function (time) {
            // We want to compare the start of today, vs this.
            // Getting start-of-today depends on whether we're zone'd or not.
            var now = time || moment(),
                sod = makeAs(now, this).startOf('day'),
                diff = this.diff(sod, 'days', true),
                format = diff < -6 ? 'sameElse' :
                    diff < -1 ? 'lastWeek' :
                    diff < 0 ? 'lastDay' :
                    diff < 1 ? 'sameDay' :
                    diff < 2 ? 'nextDay' :
                    diff < 7 ? 'nextWeek' : 'sameElse';
            return this.format(this.lang().calendar(format, this));
        },

        isLeapYear : function () {
            return isLeapYear(this.year());
        },

        isDST : function () {
            return (this.zone() < this.clone().month(0).zone() ||
                this.zone() < this.clone().month(5).zone());
        },

        day : function (input) {
            var day = this._isUTC ? this._d.getUTCDay() : this._d.getDay();
            if (input != null) {
                input = parseWeekday(input, this.lang());
                return this.add({ d : input - day });
            } else {
                return day;
            }
        },

        month : makeAccessor('Month', true),

        startOf: function (units) {
            units = normalizeUnits(units);
            // the following switch intentionally omits break keywords
            // to utilize falling through the cases.
            switch (units) {
            case 'year':
                this.month(0);
                /* falls through */
            case 'quarter':
            case 'month':
                this.date(1);
                /* falls through */
            case 'week':
            case 'isoWeek':
            case 'day':
                this.hours(0);
                /* falls through */
            case 'hour':
                this.minutes(0);
                /* falls through */
            case 'minute':
                this.seconds(0);
                /* falls through */
            case 'second':
                this.milliseconds(0);
                /* falls through */
            }

            // weeks are a special case
            if (units === 'week') {
                this.weekday(0);
            } else if (units === 'isoWeek') {
                this.isoWeekday(1);
            }

            // quarters are also special
            if (units === 'quarter') {
                this.month(Math.floor(this.month() / 3) * 3);
            }

            return this;
        },

        endOf: function (units) {
            units = normalizeUnits(units);
            return this.startOf(units).add((units === 'isoWeek' ? 'week' : units), 1).subtract('ms', 1);
        },

        isAfter: function (input, units) {
            units = typeof units !== 'undefined' ? units : 'millisecond';
            return +this.clone().startOf(units) > +moment(input).startOf(units);
        },

        isBefore: function (input, units) {
            units = typeof units !== 'undefined' ? units : 'millisecond';
            return +this.clone().startOf(units) < +moment(input).startOf(units);
        },

        isSame: function (input, units) {
            units = units || 'ms';
            return +this.clone().startOf(units) === +makeAs(input, this).startOf(units);
        },

        min: deprecate(
                 "moment().min is deprecated, use moment.min instead. https://github.com/moment/moment/issues/1548",
                 function (other) {
                     other = moment.apply(null, arguments);
                     return other < this ? this : other;
                 }
         ),

        max: deprecate(
                "moment().max is deprecated, use moment.max instead. https://github.com/moment/moment/issues/1548",
                function (other) {
                    other = moment.apply(null, arguments);
                    return other > this ? this : other;
                }
        ),

        // keepTime = true means only change the timezone, without affecting
        // the local hour. So 5:31:26 +0300 --[zone(2, true)]--> 5:31:26 +0200
        // It is possible that 5:31:26 doesn't exist int zone +0200, so we
        // adjust the time as needed, to be valid.
        //
        // Keeping the time actually adds/subtracts (one hour)
        // from the actual represented time. That is why we call updateOffset
        // a second time. In case it wants us to change the offset again
        // _changeInProgress == true case, then we have to adjust, because
        // there is no such time in the given timezone.
        zone : function (input, keepTime) {
            var offset = this._offset || 0;
            if (input != null) {
                if (typeof input === "string") {
                    input = timezoneMinutesFromString(input);
                }
                if (Math.abs(input) < 16) {
                    input = input * 60;
                }
                this._offset = input;
                this._isUTC = true;
                if (offset !== input) {
                    if (!keepTime || this._changeInProgress) {
                        addOrSubtractDurationFromMoment(this,
                                moment.duration(offset - input, 'm'), 1, false);
                    } else if (!this._changeInProgress) {
                        this._changeInProgress = true;
                        moment.updateOffset(this, true);
                        this._changeInProgress = null;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                return this._isUTC ? offset : this._d.getTimezoneOffset();
            }
            return this;
        },

        zoneAbbr : function () {
            return this._isUTC ? "UTC" : "";
        },

        zoneName : function () {
            return this._isUTC ? "Coordinated Universal Time" : "";
        },

        parseZone : function () {
            if (this._tzm) {
                this.zone(this._tzm);
            } else if (typeof this._i === 'string') {
                this.zone(this._i);
            }
            return this;
        },

        hasAlignedHourOffset : function (input) {
            if (!input) {
                input = 0;
            }
            else {
                input = moment(input).zone();
            }

            return (this.zone() - input) % 60 === 0;
        },

        daysInMonth : function () {
            return daysInMonth(this.year(), this.month());
        },

        dayOfYear : function (input) {
            var dayOfYear = round((moment(this).startOf('day') - moment(this).startOf('year')) / 864e5) + 1;
            return input == null ? dayOfYear : this.add("d", (input - dayOfYear));
        },

        quarter : function (input) {
            return input == null ? Math.ceil((this.month() + 1) / 3) : this.month((input - 1) * 3 + this.month() % 3);
        },

        weekYear : function (input) {
            var year = weekOfYear(this, this.lang()._week.dow, this.lang()._week.doy).year;
            return input == null ? year : this.add("y", (input - year));
        },

        isoWeekYear : function (input) {
            var year = weekOfYear(this, 1, 4).year;
            return input == null ? year : this.add("y", (input - year));
        },

        week : function (input) {
            var week = this.lang().week(this);
            return input == null ? week : this.add("d", (input - week) * 7);
        },

        isoWeek : function (input) {
            var week = weekOfYear(this, 1, 4).week;
            return input == null ? week : this.add("d", (input - week) * 7);
        },

        weekday : function (input) {
            var weekday = (this.day() + 7 - this.lang()._week.dow) % 7;
            return input == null ? weekday : this.add("d", input - weekday);
        },

        isoWeekday : function (input) {
            // behaves the same as moment#day except
            // as a getter, returns 7 instead of 0 (1-7 range instead of 0-6)
            // as a setter, sunday should belong to the previous week.
            return input == null ? this.day() || 7 : this.day(this.day() % 7 ? input : input - 7);
        },

        isoWeeksInYear : function () {
            return weeksInYear(this.year(), 1, 4);
        },

        weeksInYear : function () {
            var weekInfo = this._lang._week;
            return weeksInYear(this.year(), weekInfo.dow, weekInfo.doy);
        },

        get : function (units) {
            units = normalizeUnits(units);
            return this[units]();
        },

        set : function (units, value) {
            units = normalizeUnits(units);
            if (typeof this[units] === 'function') {
                this[units](value);
            }
            return this;
        },

        // If passed a language key, it will set the language for this
        // instance.  Otherwise, it will return the language configuration
        // variables for this instance.
        lang : function (key) {
            if (key === undefined) {
                return this._lang;
            } else {
                this._lang = getLangDefinition(key);
                return this;
            }
        }
    });

    function rawMonthSetter(mom, value) {
        var dayOfMonth;

        // TODO: Move this out of here!
        if (typeof value === 'string') {
            value = mom.lang().monthsParse(value);
            // TODO: Another silent failure?
            if (typeof value !== 'number') {
                return mom;
            }
        }

        dayOfMonth = Math.min(mom.date(),
                daysInMonth(mom.year(), value));
        mom._d['set' + (mom._isUTC ? 'UTC' : '') + 'Month'](value, dayOfMonth);
        return mom;
    }

    function rawGetter(mom, unit) {
        return mom._d['get' + (mom._isUTC ? 'UTC' : '') + unit]();
    }

    function rawSetter(mom, unit, value) {
        if (unit === 'Month') {
            return rawMonthSetter(mom, value);
        } else {
            return mom._d['set' + (mom._isUTC ? 'UTC' : '') + unit](value);
        }
    }

    function makeAccessor(unit, keepTime) {
        return function (value) {
            if (value != null) {
                rawSetter(this, unit, value);
                moment.updateOffset(this, keepTime);
                return this;
            } else {
                return rawGetter(this, unit);
            }
        };
    }

    moment.fn.millisecond = moment.fn.milliseconds = makeAccessor('Milliseconds', false);
    moment.fn.second = moment.fn.seconds = makeAccessor('Seconds', false);
    moment.fn.minute = moment.fn.minutes = makeAccessor('Minutes', false);
    // Setting the hour should keep the time, because the user explicitly
    // specified which hour he wants. So trying to maintain the same hour (in
    // a new timezone) makes sense. Adding/subtracting hours does not follow
    // this rule.
    moment.fn.hour = moment.fn.hours = makeAccessor('Hours', true);
    // moment.fn.month is defined separately
    moment.fn.date = makeAccessor('Date', true);
    moment.fn.dates = deprecate("dates accessor is deprecated. Use date instead.", makeAccessor('Date', true));
    moment.fn.year = makeAccessor('FullYear', true);
    moment.fn.years = deprecate("years accessor is deprecated. Use year instead.", makeAccessor('FullYear', true));

    // add plural methods
    moment.fn.days = moment.fn.day;
    moment.fn.months = moment.fn.month;
    moment.fn.weeks = moment.fn.week;
    moment.fn.isoWeeks = moment.fn.isoWeek;
    moment.fn.quarters = moment.fn.quarter;

    // add aliased format methods
    moment.fn.toJSON = moment.fn.toISOString;

    /************************************
        Duration Prototype
    ************************************/


    extend(moment.duration.fn = Duration.prototype, {

        _bubble : function () {
            var milliseconds = this._milliseconds,
                days = this._days,
                months = this._months,
                data = this._data,
                seconds, minutes, hours, years;

            // The following code bubbles up values, see the tests for
            // examples of what that means.
            data.milliseconds = milliseconds % 1000;

            seconds = absRound(milliseconds / 1000);
            data.seconds = seconds % 60;

            minutes = absRound(seconds / 60);
            data.minutes = minutes % 60;

            hours = absRound(minutes / 60);
            data.hours = hours % 24;

            days += absRound(hours / 24);
            data.days = days % 30;

            months += absRound(days / 30);
            data.months = months % 12;

            years = absRound(months / 12);
            data.years = years;
        },

        weeks : function () {
            return absRound(this.days() / 7);
        },

        valueOf : function () {
            return this._milliseconds +
              this._days * 864e5 +
              (this._months % 12) * 2592e6 +
              toInt(this._months / 12) * 31536e6;
        },

        humanize : function (withSuffix) {
            var difference = +this,
                output = relativeTime(difference, !withSuffix, this.lang());

            if (withSuffix) {
                output = this.lang().pastFuture(difference, output);
            }

            return this.lang().postformat(output);
        },

        add : function (input, val) {
            // supports only 2.0-style add(1, 's') or add(moment)
            var dur = moment.duration(input, val);

            this._milliseconds += dur._milliseconds;
            this._days += dur._days;
            this._months += dur._months;

            this._bubble();

            return this;
        },

        subtract : function (input, val) {
            var dur = moment.duration(input, val);

            this._milliseconds -= dur._milliseconds;
            this._days -= dur._days;
            this._months -= dur._months;

            this._bubble();

            return this;
        },

        get : function (units) {
            units = normalizeUnits(units);
            return this[units.toLowerCase() + 's']();
        },

        as : function (units) {
            units = normalizeUnits(units);
            return this['as' + units.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + units.slice(1) + 's']();
        },

        lang : moment.fn.lang,

        toIsoString : function () {
            // inspired by https://github.com/dordille/moment-isoduration/blob/master/moment.isoduration.js
            var years = Math.abs(this.years()),
                months = Math.abs(this.months()),
                days = Math.abs(this.days()),
                hours = Math.abs(this.hours()),
                minutes = Math.abs(this.minutes()),
                seconds = Math.abs(this.seconds() + this.milliseconds() / 1000);

            if (!this.asSeconds()) {
                // this is the same as C#'s (Noda) and python (isodate)...
                // but not other JS (goog.date)
                return 'P0D';
            }

            return (this.asSeconds() < 0 ? '-' : '') +
                'P' +
                (years ? years + 'Y' : '') +
                (months ? months + 'M' : '') +
                (days ? days + 'D' : '') +
                ((hours || minutes || seconds) ? 'T' : '') +
                (hours ? hours + 'H' : '') +
                (minutes ? minutes + 'M' : '') +
                (seconds ? seconds + 'S' : '');
        }
    });

    function makeDurationGetter(name) {
        moment.duration.fn[name] = function () {
            return this._data[name];
        };
    }

    function makeDurationAsGetter(name, factor) {
        moment.duration.fn['as' + name] = function () {
            return +this / factor;
        };
    }

    for (i in unitMillisecondFactors) {
        if (unitMillisecondFactors.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
            makeDurationAsGetter(i, unitMillisecondFactors[i]);
            makeDurationGetter(i.toLowerCase());
        }
    }

    makeDurationAsGetter('Weeks', 6048e5);
    moment.duration.fn.asMonths = function () {
        return (+this - this.years() * 31536e6) / 2592e6 + this.years() * 12;
    };


    /************************************
        Default Lang
    ************************************/


    // Set default language, other languages will inherit from English.
    moment.lang('en', {
        ordinal : function (number) {
            var b = number % 10,
                output = (toInt(number % 100 / 10) === 1) ? 'th' :
                (b === 1) ? 'st' :
                (b === 2) ? 'nd' :
                (b === 3) ? 'rd' : 'th';
            return number + output;
        }
    });

    /* EMBED_LANGUAGES */

    /************************************
        Exposing Moment
    ************************************/

    function makeGlobal(shouldDeprecate) {
        /*global ender:false */
        if (typeof ender !== 'undefined') {
            return;
        }
        oldGlobalMoment = globalScope.moment;
        if (shouldDeprecate) {
            globalScope.moment = deprecate(
                    "Accessing Moment through the global scope is " +
                    "deprecated, and will be removed in an upcoming " +
                    "release.",
                    moment);
        } else {
            globalScope.moment = moment;
        }
    }

    // CommonJS module is defined
    if (hasModule) {
        module.exports = moment;
    } else if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
        define("moment", function (require, exports, module) {
            if (module.config && module.config() && module.config().noGlobal === true) {
                // release the global variable
                globalScope.moment = oldGlobalMoment;
            }

            return moment;
        });
        makeGlobal(true);
    } else {
        makeGlobal();
    }
}).call(this);