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## Contents
* [1 Introduction](#Introduction)
* [2 Prepare device](#Prepare_device)
* [2.1 Switch into modem mode](#Switch_into_modem_mode)
* [2.2 Driver loading](#Driver_loading)
* [2.3 Optional: device naming](#Optional:_device_naming)
* [3 Connecting internet](#Connecting_internet)
* [4 AT commands](#AT_commands)
* [5 Sending SMS](#Sending_SMS)
* [6 USSD Requests](#USSD_Requests)
* [7 Success Stories](#Success_Stories)
* [8 References](#References)
## Introduction
This article describes how to configure Huawei E1550 3G modems.
This modem is generic modem device, but there are two kludges:
* you need to switch it into modem mode
* you need to load proper driver (usbserial)
## Prepare device
### Switch into modem mode
By default kernel recongnizes it as usb-storage device (SCSI CD-ROM). It is true, because of this modem contains MicroSD card (up to 4Gb) reader and internal flash.
To switch modem on you shoud run
```
$ /lib/udev/usb_modeswitch --vendor 0x12d1 --product 0x1446 --type option-zerocd
```
command.
See also the [usb_modeswitch](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=usb_modeswitch) package, which you may need in future since in udev-157 modem-modeswitch has been renamed and changed as described in the [commit](http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/hotplug/udev.git;a=commit;h=4dd9b291354e76f34b0d6d7b5c3b28d03a624418). This package does not need any modifications, just install it.
Also you can create udev's config: /etc/udev/rules.d/15-huawei-e1550.rules
```
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="12d1", ATTRS{idProduct}=="1446", RUN+="/lib/udev/usb_modeswitch --vendor 0x12d1 --product 0x1446 --type option-zerocd"
```
After that, modem changes its USB IDs to 12d1:140c and /proc/bus/usb/devices shows new USB endpoints.
### Driver loading
usbserial is proper driver for this modem, but probably it does not recognize it, so you shold force it, passing USB IDs.
```
# modprobe usbserial vendor=0x12d1 product=0x140c
```
or put options into /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf
```
options usbserial vendor=0x12d1 product=0x140c
```
(do not forget to 'rmmod usbserial' if it is already loaded before)
### Optional: device naming
You can generate symlinks to the ttyUSB* ports for a more human readable configuration with udev rules.
For a Huawei device which identifies with the USB ID 12D1:1001 after modeswitching and has 3 serial ports:
```
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{modalias}=="usb:v12D1p1001*", KERNEL=="ttyUSB*", ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="00", ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="ff", SYMLINK+="ttyUSB_utps_modem"
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{modalias}=="usb:v12D1p1001*", KERNEL=="ttyUSB*", ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="01", ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="ff", SYMLINK+="ttyUSB_utps_diag"
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{modalias}=="usb:v12D1p1001*", KERNEL=="ttyUSB*", ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="02", ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="ff", SYMLINK+="ttyUSB_utps_pcui"
```
For a Huawei device which identifies with the USB ID 12D1:1003 after modeswitching and has 2 serial ports:
```
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{modalias}=="usb:v12D1p1003*", KERNEL=="ttyUSB*", ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="00", ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="ff", SYMLINK+="ttyUSB_utps_modem"
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{modalias}=="usb:v12D1p1003*", KERNEL=="ttyUSB*", ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="01", ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="ff", SYMLINK+="ttyUSB_utps_pcui"
```
## Connecting internet
Now you have new 2 or 3 /dev/ttyUSB* devices.Most likely first of them (ttyUSB0 if you had not such devices before) is PPP compatible modem. Use it as usual with pppd, kppp, gnome-ppp, network-manager, etc.
**Note:** If you want to use your 3G modem with [NetworkManager](/index.php/NetworkManager "NetworkManager"), you have to install the package [modemmanager](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=modemmanager) and then [restart](/index.php/Restart "Restart") the `NetworkManager.service`. Now you can 'Enable Mobile Broadband' in the networkmanager applet.
## AT commands
There are some useful commands:
* AT^U2DIAG=0 - the device is only Modem
* AT^U2DIAG=1 - device is in modem mode + CD ROM
* AT^U2DIAG=255 - the device in modem mode + CD ROM + Card Reader
* AT^U2DIAG=256 - the device in modem mode + Card Reader
* AT+CPIN=<PIN-CODE> - enter PIN-code
* AT+CUSD=1,<PDU-encoded-USSD-code>,15 - USSD request, result can be found (probably) in /dev/ttyUSB2.
Encode "*100#" to PDU format:
```
perl -e '@a=split(//,unpack("b*","*100#")); for ($i=7; $i < $#a; $i+=8) { $a[$i]="" } print uc(unpack("H*", pack("b*", join("", @a))))."
"'
```
Decode "AA180C3602" from PDU format:
```
perl -e '@a=split(//,unpack("b*", pack("H*","AA180C3602"))); for ($i=6; $i < $#a; $i+=7) {$a[$i].="0" } print pack("b*", join("", @a)).""'
```
Answer decoding (this example is balance response: 151.25):
```
perl -e 'print pack("H*", "003100350031002C003200350020044004430431002E0020");'
```
Some operators return USSD result in PDU encoding, so you should check proper decoding method.
* AT+CSQ - get signal quality (AT+CSQ=?)
* AT+GMI - get manufacturer
* AT+GMM - get model
* AT+GMR - get revision
* AT+GMN - get IMEI
* AT+COPS? - get operator info
* AT^CARDLOCK="NCK-code" - unlock modem. NCK-code should be calculated by IMEI. After that modem can work with any GSM-provider.
* AT^SYSCFG=mode, order, band, roaming, domain - System Config
Mode:
* 2 Automatic search
* 13 2G ONLY
* 14 3G ONLY
* 16 No change
Order:
* 0 Automatic search
* 1 2G first, then 3G
* 2 3G first, then 2G
* 3 No change
Band:
* 80 GSM DCS systems
* 100 Extended GSM 900
* 200 Primary GSM 900
* 200000 GSM PCS
* 400000 WCDMA IMT 2000
* 3FFFFFFF Any band
* 40000000 No change of band
Roaming:
* 0 Not supported
* 1 Roaming is supported
* 2 No change
Domain:
* 0 CS_ONLY
* 1 PS_ONLY
* 2 CS_PS
* 3 ANY
* 4 No change
## Sending SMS
You can use gammu.
Edit ~/.gammurc
```
[gammu]
port=/dev/ttyUSB0
connection=at
name=huawei e1550
model=
```
The run command:
```
gammu sendsms TEXT +7123456789 -text qwe
```
## USSD Requests
Use [huawei-ussd](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/huawei-ussd/) package. Or use [ussd.php](https://github.com/gnomeby/ussd) tool.
## Success Stories
2010-August-03: I didn't do anything, I just installed usb_modeswitch-1.1.3-2 and my kernel is 2.6.33\. In the syslog (/var/log/messages.log) the usb_modeswitch can automatically configure the modem correctly but I still cannot connect to the internet using gnome network manager applet, then I installed the modemmanager package and restart the networkmanager service. Everything is working properly now.
## References
* [USB 3G Modem](/index.php/USB_3G_Modem "USB 3G Modem")
* [Huawei E220](/index.php/Huawei_E220 "Huawei E220")