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* [Kernel Mode Setting (简体中文)](/index.php/Kernel_Mode_Setting_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87) "Kernel Mode Setting (简体中文)")
* [Xorg](/index.php/Xorg_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87) "Xorg (简体中文)")
**翻译状态：** 本文是英文页面 [Wayland](/index.php/Wayland "Wayland") 的[翻译](/index.php/ArchWiki_Translation_Team_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87) "ArchWiki Translation Team (简体中文)")，最后翻译时间：2015-11-06，点击[这里](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Wayland&diff=0&oldid=408148)可以查看翻译后英文页面的改动。
**Wayland** 是 Linux 的一个新的图形接口协议。使用 Wayland 需要更改或重新安装一部分系统中的软件。更多关于 Wayland 的信息参见 [主页](http://wayland.freedesktop.org/)。
## Contents
* [1 系统需求](#.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E9.9C.80.E6.B1.82)
* [2 安装](#.E5.AE.89.E8.A3.85)
* [3 使用](#.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8)
* [4 Weston](#Weston)
* [4.1 安装](#.E5.AE.89.E8.A3.85_2)
* [4.2 使用](#.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8_2)
* [4.3 配置](#.E9.85.8D.E7.BD.AE)
* [4.3.1 XWayland](#XWayland)
* [4.3.2 视频录制](#.E8.A7.86.E9.A2.91.E5.BD.95.E5.88.B6)
* [4.3.3 高DPI显示器](#.E9.AB.98DPI.E6.98.BE.E7.A4.BA.E5.99.A8)
* [4.3.4 Shell font](#Shell_font)
* [5 图形库](#.E5.9B.BE.E5.BD.A2.E5.BA.93)
* [5.1 GTK+ 3](#GTK.2B_3)
* [5.2 Qt5](#Qt5)
* [5.3 Clutter](#Clutter)
* [5.4 SDL](#SDL)
* [5.5 GLFW](#GLFW)
* [5.6 EFL](#EFL)
* [6 窗口管理器和桌面 shell](#.E7.AA.97.E5.8F.A3.E7.AE.A1.E7.90.86.E5.99.A8.E5.92.8C.E6.A1.8C.E9.9D.A2_shell)
* [7 疑难解答](#.E7.96.91.E9.9A.BE.E8.A7.A3.E7.AD.94)
* [7.1 LLVM assertion failure](#LLVM_assertion_failure)
* [7.2 Weston fails to launch after update to 1.7](#Weston_fails_to_launch_after_update_to_1.7)
* [8 参阅](#.E5.8F.82.E9.98.85)
## 系统需求
目前 Wayland 只能在使用了 [KMS](/index.php/Kernel_mode_setting_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87) "Kernel mode setting (简体中文)") 的系统上工作。
## 安装
**注意:** Wayland 应该已经作为[gtk2](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=gtk2)和[gtk3](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=gtk3)的依赖安装到系统里面
如果没有，可以从 [官方软件仓库](/index.php/Official_repositories "Official repositories") 安装软件包[wayland](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=wayland)。
## 使用
Wayland 仅仅是一个库，无法单独工作。若要代替X server,需要有混合器(如weston)
## Weston
### 安装
[安装](/index.php/Help:Reading_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)#.E5.AE.89.E8.A3.85.E8.BD.AF.E4.BB.B6.E5.8C.85 "Help:Reading (简体中文)") [weston](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=weston) 包
### 使用
安装完了 Wayland 及它所依赖的包之后，就可以开始试用了。运行：
```
$ weston
```
或者，要试着运行Weston本身，切换到终端并运行:
```
$ weston-launch
```
接下来你就可以在 TTY 下打开 wayland 的终端：
```
$ weston-terminal
```
在屏幕上移动一朵花儿，用以测试帧控制功能：
```
$ weston-flower
```
在 Wayland 上运行 glxgears 程序：
```
$ weston-gears
```
显示图片：
```
$ weston-image image1.jpg image2.jpg...
```
### 配置
键盘布局，模块的选择，UI的修改的示例配置文件，请参阅[weston.ini(5)](https://jlk.fjfi.cvut.cz/arch/manpages/man/weston.ini.5)
`~/.config/weston.ini`
```
[core]
### uncomment this line for xwayland support ###
#modules=xwayland.so
[shell]
background-image=/usr/share/backgrounds/gnome/Aqua.jpg
background-color=0xff002244
panel-color=0x90ff0000
locking=true
animation=zoom
#binding-modifier=ctrl
#num-workspaces=6
### for cursor themes install xcursor-themes pkg from Extra. ###
#cursor-theme=whiteglass
#cursor-size=24
### tablet options ###
#lockscreen-icon=/usr/share/icons/gnome/256x256/actions/lock.png
#lockscreen=/usr/share/backgrounds/gnome/Garden.jpg
#homescreen=/usr/share/backgrounds/gnome/Blinds.jpg
#animation=fade
[keyboard]
keymap_rules=evdev
#keymap_layout=gb
#keymap_options=caps:ctrl_modifier,shift:both_capslock_cancel
### keymap_options from /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst ###
[terminal]
#font=DroidSansMono
#font-size=14
[launcher]
icon=/usr/share/icons/gnome/24x24/apps/utilities-terminal.png
path=/usr/bin/gnome-terminal
[launcher]
icon=/usr/share/icons/gnome/24x24/apps/utilities-terminal.png
path=/usr/bin/weston-terminal
[launcher]
icon=/usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/apps/firefox.png
path=/usr/bin/firefox
[launcher]
icon=/usr/share/icons/gnome/24x24/apps/arts.png
path=./clients/flower
[screensaver]
# Uncomment path to disable screensaver
path=/usr/libexec/weston-screensaver
duration=600
[input-method]
path=/usr/libexec/weston-keyboard
### for Laptop displays ###
#[output]
#name=LVDS1
#mode=1680x1050
#transform=90
#[output]
#name=VGA1
# The following sets the mode with a modeline, you can get modelines for your preffered resolutions using the cvt utility
#mode=173.00 1920 2048 2248 2576 1080 1083 1088 1120 -hsync +vsync
#transform=flipped
#[output]
#name=X1
#mode=1024x768
#transform=flipped-270
```
简单的 `weston.ini` :
`~/.config/weston.ini`
```
[core]
modules=xwayland.so
[keyboard]
keymap_layout=gb
[launcher]
icon=/usr/share/icons/gnome/24x24/apps/utilities-terminal.png
path=/usr/bin/weston-terminal
[launcher]
icon=/usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/apps/firefox.png
path=/usr/bin/firefox
[output]
name=LVDS1
mode=1680x1050
transform=90
```
#### XWayland
[安装](/index.php/%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85 "安装")软件包[xorg-server-xwayland](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=xorg-server-xwayland).
要通过 Weston 运行 X 程序，需要启动 Xwayland 进行请求处理。需要如下配置文件：
`~/.config/weston.ini`
```
[core]
modules=xwayland.so
```
#### 视频录制
Weston has build-in screencast recording which can be started and stopped by pressing the `Super+r` key combination. Screencasts are saved to the file `capture.wcap` in the current working directory of Weston.
The WCAP format is a lossless video format specific to Weston, which only records the difference in frames. To be able to play the recorded screencast, the WCAP file will need to be converted to a format which a media player can understand.
To convert the file to webm, execute:
```
$ wcap-decode capture.wcap --yuv4mpeg2 | vpxenc --target-bitrate=1024 --best -t 4 -o foo.webm -
```
To convert the file to ogv, execute:
```
$ wcap-decode capture.wcap --yuv4mpeg2 | theora_encode - -o cap.ogv
```
#### 高DPI显示器
For [Retina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina_Display "wikipedia:Retina Display") or [HiDPI](/index.php/HiDPI "HiDPI") displays, use:
`~/.config/weston.ini`
```
[output]
name=...
scale=2
```
#### Shell font
Weston uses the default sans-serif font for window title bars, clocks, etc. See [Font configuration#Replace or set default fonts](/index.php/Font_configuration#Replace_or_set_default_fonts "Font configuration") for instructions on how to change this font.
## 图形库
在[官方资料](http://wayland.freedesktop.org/toolkits.html)上查看详细信息
### GTK+ 3
[extra]软件仓库中的[gtk3](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=gtk3) 已经提供了 Wayland 支持.
GTK+ 3.0 开始，GTK+ 可以在运行时同时支持多个后端，和 Qt 一样进行切换。
Wayland 和 X 后端都启用时，GTK+ 默认会使用 X11。可以通过把`GDK_BACKEND`环境变量设为`wayland`来改变这一规则。
### Qt5
[qt5](https://www.archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/qt5/) 软件包已经提供了 Wayland 支持。 要使用 wayland 插件运行程序，需要设置 [环境变量](/index.php/Environment_variable "Environment variable"). `QT_QPA_PLATFORM=wayland-egl`
### Clutter
Clutter 工具包有 Wayland 后端支持，可以作为 Wayland 程式运行。这一后端支持已经存在软件仓库的版本中。要配置 `CLUTTER_BACKEND=wayland`.
### SDL
Experimental wayland support is now in SDL 2.0.2 and enabled by default on Arch Linux.To run a SDL application on Wayland, set `SDL_VIDEODRIVER=wayland`.
### GLFW
Experimental wayland support is now in GLFW 3.1 and can be enabled with the `-DGLFW_USE_WAYLAND=ON` CMake option at compile time. You can also install the package [glfw-wayland-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/glfw-wayland-git/) from the AUR.
### EFL
EFL 已经完全支持 Wayland。请参考[这里](http://trac.enlightenment.org/e/wiki/Wayland)获取更多细节。
## 窗口管理器和桌面 shell
| Name | Type | Description |
| GNOME | Compositing | 参见 [GNOME#Starting GNOME](/index.php/GNOME#Starting_GNOME "GNOME"). |
| Hawaii | *(Unclear)* | 参见 [Hawaii](/index.php/Hawaii "Hawaii"). |
| sway | Tiling | [Sway](https://github.com/SirCmpwn/sway) is an i3-compatible window manager for Wayland. |
| KDE | Compositing | [KDE](/index.php/KDE "KDE") 4.11 added support for [KWin under Wayland system compositor](http://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2013/06/starting-a-full-kde-plasma-session-in-wayland/). With [KDE Plasma 5.4](https://community.kde.org/KWin/Wayland#Start_a_Plasma_session_on_Wayland), the first technology preview of a Wayland session is released but it is currently targeted for the mobile platform and does not yet allow to use it as a full replacement for Xorg based desktop. |
| Orbment | Tiling | [orbment](https://github.com/Cloudef/orbment) (previously loliwm) is a tiling WM for Wayland. |
| Velox | Tiling | [velox](https://github.com/michaelforney/velox) is a simple window manager based on swc. It is inspired by [dwm](/index.php/Dwm "Dwm") and [xmonad](/index.php/Xmonad "Xmonad"). |
| Orbital | Compositing | [Orbital](https://github.com/giucam/orbital) is a Wayland compositor and shell, using Qt5 and Weston. The goal of the project is to build a simple yet flexible and good looking Wayland desktop. It is not a full fledged DE but rather the analogue of a WM in the X11 world, such as [Awesome](/index.php/Awesome "Awesome") or [Fluxbox](/index.php/Fluxbox "Fluxbox"). |
| Papyros Shell | *(Unclear)* | [Papyros Shell](https://github.com/papyros/papyros-shell) is the desktop shell for [Papyros](http://papyros.io), built using QtQuick and QtCompositor as a compositor for Wayland. |
| Maynard | *(Unclear)* | [Maynard](https://github.com/raspberrypi/maynard) is a desktop shell client for Weston based on GTK. It was based on weston-gtk-shell, a project by Tiago Vignatti. |
| Motorcar | *(Unclear)* | [Motorcar](https://github.com/evil0sheep/motorcar) is a wayland compositor to explore 3D windowing. |
Some of installed wayland desktop clients might store information in `/usr/share/wayland-sessions/*.desktop` files about how to start them in wayland.
## 疑难解答
### LLVM assertion failure
If you get an LLVM assertion failure, you need to rebuild [mesa](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=mesa) without Gallium LLVM until this problem is fixed.
This may imply disabling some drivers which require LLVM. You may also try exporting the following, if having problems with hardware drivers:
```
$ export EGL_DRIVER=/usr/lib/egl/egl_gallium.so
```
### Weston fails to launch after update to 1.7
This is possibly caused by the `desktop-shell.so` module being loaded by your weston.ini. This used to be required, but is not anymore.
Remove it from the `[core]` section:
`~/.config/weston.ini`
```
[core]
modules=xwayland.so,desktop-shell.so
```
生成：
`~/.config/weston.ini`
```
[core]
modules=xwayland.so
```
## 参阅
* [Cursor themes](/index.php/Cursor_themes "Cursor themes")
* [forum discussion](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=107499) 页面将持续关注 Wayland 信息 ，如有兴趣请留意。