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相关文章 * [网络配置](/index.php/Network_configuration_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87) "Network configuration (简体中文)") * [无线设置](/index.php/Wireless_Setup_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87) "Wireless Setup (简体中文)") * [软AP](/index.php/%E8%BD%AFAP "软AP") * [Internet sharing](/index.php/Internet_sharing "Internet sharing") **翻译状态:** 本文是英文页面 [Ad-hoc_networking](/index.php/Ad-hoc_networking "Ad-hoc networking") 的[翻译](/index.php/ArchWiki_Translation_Team_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87) "ArchWiki Translation Team (简体中文)"),最后翻译时间:2017-08-22,点击[这里](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Ad-hoc_networking&diff=0&oldid=463497)可以查看翻译后英文页面的改动。 Independent Basic Service Set(独立基本服务集),缩写是 IBSS,也被称为自组网络,是一种不使用中心控制节点,就能让一组设备相互通讯的方法。是点对点网络的一种,网络中的设备直接通讯,不需要中转。自组网络可以用来进行 [网络共享](/index.php/Internet_sharing "Internet sharing")。 ## Contents * [1 要求](#.E8.A6.81.E6.B1.82) * [2 Wifi 链路层](#Wifi_.E9.93.BE.E8.B7.AF.E5.B1.82) * [2.1 手动设置](#.E6.89.8B.E5.8A.A8.E8.AE.BE.E7.BD.AE) * [2.2 WPA supplicant](#WPA_supplicant) * [3 网络配置](#.E7.BD.91.E7.BB.9C.E9.85.8D.E7.BD.AE) * [4 技巧](#.E6.8A.80.E5.B7.A7) * [4.1 使用 NetworkManager](#.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8_NetworkManager) * [4.2 自定义 systemd 服务(使用 wpa_supplicant 和静态 IP)](#.E8.87.AA.E5.AE.9A.E4.B9.89_systemd_.E6.9C.8D.E5.8A.A1.28.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8_wpa_supplicant_.E5.92.8C.E9.9D.99.E6.80.81_IP.29) * [5 See also](#See_also) ## 要求 所有要连接到网络的设备都具有兼容 [[1]](https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/drivers%7Cnl80211) 的无线网卡。 ## Wifi 链路层 因为 IBSS 网络是点对点网络,所有设备都应该使用相同的 wifi 连接设置。 **Tip:** 可以设置更复杂的网络拓扑,[Linux 无线文档](http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/iw/vif) 包含更高级的示例。 ### 手动设置 **警告:** 此方法创建的是 **非加密** 自组网络,要创建加密网络,请参考 [#WPA supplicant](#WPA_supplicant). 详细信息请参考 [Wireless network configuration#Manual setup](/index.php/Wireless_network_configuration#Manual_setup "Wireless network configuration")。请先[安装](/index.php/Pacman "Pacman") 软件包 [iw](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=iw)。 设置操作模式为 ibss: ``` # iw *interface* set type ibss ``` 启动接口(可能需要额外的 `rfkill unblock wifi`): ``` # ip link set *interface* up ``` 现在可以创建自组网络了,将 *your_ssid* 替换为实际的网络,*frequency* 替换为以 MHz 为单位的频率。频道和频率的对应关系,请参考, [这里](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WLAN_channels#Interference_Concerns "wikipedia:List of WLAN channels") 。 ``` # iw *interface* ibss join *your_ssid* *frequency* ``` ### WPA supplicant 确保已经 [安装](/index.php/Pacman "Pacman") 了 [wpa_supplicant](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?name=wpa_supplicant),并进行了配置(参考 [WPA supplicant](/index.php/WPA_supplicant "WPA supplicant")). `/etc/wpa_supplicant-adhoc.conf` ``` ctrl_interface=DIR=/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel # use 'ap_scan=2' on all devices connected to the network # this is unnecessary if you only want the network to be created when no other networks are available ap_scan=2 network={ ssid="MySSID" mode=1 frequency=2432 proto=RSN key_mgmt=WPA-PSK pairwise=CCMP group=CCMP psk="secret passphrase" } ``` 所有连接到网络的设备运行下面 *wpa_supplicant* 命令: ``` # wpa_supplicant -B -i *interface* -c /etc/wpa_supplicant-adhoc.conf -D nl80211,wext ``` ## 网络配置 最后一步是给网络中的所有设备分配 IP 地址,有多种方法: * 分配静态 IP 地址,参考:[Network configuration#Static IP address](/index.php/Network_configuration#Static_IP_address "Network configuration"). * 在一个设备上运行 DHCP,参考 [dhcpd](/index.php/Dhcpd "Dhcpd") 或 [dnsmasq](/index.php/Dnsmasq "Dnsmasq"). * 运行 *avahi-autoipd*. 参考 [Avahi#Obtaining IPv4LL IP address](/index.php/Avahi#Obtaining_IPv4LL_IP_address "Avahi"). 要向自组网络共享外网连接,请参考 [Internet sharing](/index.php/Internet_sharing "Internet sharing"). ## 技巧 ### 使用 NetworkManager 如果使用 [NetworkManager](/index.php/NetworkManager "NetworkManager"),可以使用 *nm-applet* 进行自组网络配置,不用使用手动方法。详情参考 [NetworkManager#Ad-hoc](/index.php/NetworkManager#Ad-hoc "NetworkManager")。 **Note:** NetworkManager 在自组网络模式中不支持 WPA 加密。 ### 自定义 systemd 服务(使用 wpa_supplicant 和静态 IP) 可以使用下面模板启用无线自组网络: `/etc/conf.d/network-wireless-adhoc@<interface>` ``` addr=192.168.0.2 mask=24 ``` `/etc/systemd/system/network-wireless-adhoc@.service` ``` [Unit] Description=Ad-hoc wireless network connectivity (%i) Wants=network.target Before=network.target BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device [Service] Type=oneshot RemainAfterExit=yes EnvironmentFile=/etc/conf.d/network-wireless-adhoc@%i # perhaps rfkill is not needed for you ExecStart=/usr/bin/rfkill unblock wifi ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip link set %i up ExecStart=/usr/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -i %i -D nl80211,wext -c /etc/wpa_supplicant-adhoc.conf ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip addr add ${addr}/${mask} dev %i ExecStop=/usr/bin/ip addr flush dev %i ExecStop=/usr/bin/ip link set %i down [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ``` ## See also * [Ubuntu community wiki WifiDocs/Adhoc](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/Adhoc) * [Manual about creating an Ad-Hoc network on UbuntuGeek](http://www.ubuntugeek.com/creating-an-adhoc-host-with-ubuntu.html) * [Share your 3G Internet connection over wifi](http://go2linux.garron.me/linux/2011/03/share-your-3g-internet-connection-over-wifi-linux-ipod-touch-925)