@spectrum-web-components/textfield
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`sp-textfield` components are text boxes that allow users to input custom text entries with a keyboard. Various decorations can be displayed around the field to communicate the entry requirements.
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Markdown
## Overview
`sp-textfield` components are text boxes that allow users to input custom text entries with a keyboard. Various decorations can be displayed around the field to communicate the entry requirements.
### Usage
[](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@spectrum-web-components/textfield)
[](https://bundlephobia.com/result?p=@spectrum-web-components/textfield)
[](https://stackblitz.com/edit/vitejs-vite-wb3tywmy)
```zsh
yarn add @spectrum-web-components/textfield
```
Import the side effectful registration of `<sp-textfield>` via:
```js
import '@spectrum-web-components/textfield/sp-textfield.js';
```
When looking to leverage the `Textfield` base class as a type and/or for extension purposes, do so via:
```js
import { Textfield } from '@spectrum-web-components/textfield';
```
### Anatomy
```html
<sp-textfield id="basic" label="Name"></sp-textfield>
```
#### Label
A text field must have a label in order to be accessible. A label can be provided either via the `label` attribute, like the previous example or with an `<sp-field-label>` element.
```html
<sp-field-label for="with-field-label">Name</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield id="with-field-label"></sp-textfield>
```
#### Placeholder
Use the `placeholder` attribute to include placeholder text. **Note**: Placeholder text should not be used as a replacement for a label or help help text.
```html
<sp-field-label for="has-placeholder">Name</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield id="has-placeholder" placeholder="ex., John Doe"></sp-textfield>
```
#### Help text
Help text can be accessibly associated with an `<sp-textfield>` element by using the `help-text` or `negative-help-text` slots. When using the `negative-help-text` slot, `<sp-textfield>` will self manage the presence of this content based on the value of the `invalid` property on your `<sp-textfield>` element. Content within the `help-text` slot will be show by default. When your `<sp-textfield>` should receive help text based on state outside of the complexity of `invalid` or not, manage the content addressed to the `help-text` from above to ensure that it displays the right messaging and possesses the right `variant`.
See [help text](../help-text) for more information.
<sp-tabs selected="self" auto label="Help text usage in textfields">
<sp-tab value="self">Self managed</sp-tab>
<sp-tab-panel value="self">
```html
<sp-field-label for="self">Stay "Positive"</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield id="self" pattern="[P][o][s][i][t][i][v][e]" value="Positive">
<sp-help-text slot="help-text">
Tell us how you are feeling today.
</sp-help-text>
<sp-help-text slot="negative-help-text">Please be "Positive".</sp-help-text>
</sp-textfield>
```
</sp-tab-panel>
<sp-tab value="above">Managed from above</sp-tab>
<sp-tab-panel value="above">
```html
<sp-field-label for="managed">Stay "Positive"</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield
id="managed"
pattern="[P][o][s][i][t][i][v][e]"
value="Positive"
oninput='
const helpText = this.querySelector(`[slot="help-text"]`);
helpText.textContent = this.invalid ? `Please be "Positive".` : `Tell us how you are feeling today.`;
helpText.variant = this.invalid ? `negative` : `neutral`;
'
>
<sp-help-text slot="neutral-text">
Tell us how you're feeling today.
</sp-help-text>
<sp-help-text slot="help-text">Please be "Positive".</sp-help-text>
</sp-textfield>
```
</sp-tab-panel>
</sp-tabs>
### Options
#### Sizes
<sp-tabs selected="m" auto label="Size Attribute Options">
<sp-tab value="s">Small</sp-tab>
<sp-tab-panel value="s">
```html
<sp-field-label size="s" for="name-0-s">Name</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield
size="s"
id="name-0-s"
placeholder="Enter your name"
></sp-textfield>
```
</sp-tab-panel>
<sp-tab value="m">Medium</sp-tab>
<sp-tab-panel value="m">
```html
<sp-field-label for="name-0-m">Name</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield id="name-0-m" placeholder="Enter your name"></sp-textfield>
```
</sp-tab-panel>
<sp-tab value="l">Large</sp-tab>
<sp-tab-panel value="l">
```html
<sp-field-label size="l" for="name-0-l">Name</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield
size="l"
id="name-0-l"
placeholder="Enter your name"
></sp-textfield>
```
</sp-tab-panel>
<sp-tab value="xl">Extra Large</sp-tab>
<sp-tab-panel value="xl">
```html
<sp-field-label size="xl" for="name-0-xl">Name</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield
size="xl"
id="name-0-xl"
placeholder="Enter your name"
></sp-textfield>
```
</sp-tab-panel>
</sp-tabs>
#### Types
When inputting URLs, telephone numbers, email addresses, or passwords, specify a `type` to provide
user affordances like mobile keyboards and obscured characters:
- `url`
- `tel`
- `email`
- `password`
- `text` (default)
```html
<sp-field-label for="tel-1">Telephone</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield
id="tel-1"
type="tel"
placeholder="Enter your phone number"
autocomplete="tel"
></sp-textfield>
<sp-field-label for="password-1">Password</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield
id="password-1"
type="password"
autocomplete="current-password"
></sp-textfield>
```
If the `type` attribute is not specified, or if it does not match any of these values, the default type adopted is "text."
#### Quiet
The quiet style works best when a clear layout (vertical stack, table, grid) assists in a user's ability to parse the element. Too many quiet components in a small space can be hard to read.
```html
<sp-field-label for="name-3">Name (quietly)</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield
id="name-3"
placeholder="Enter your name"
quiet
autocomplete="name"
></sp-textfield>
```
### States
Use the `required` attribute to indicate a textfield value is required. Dictate the validity or invalidity state of the text entry with the `valid` or `invalid` attributes.
```html
<sp-field-label for="name-1" required>Name</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield
id="name-1"
placeholder="Enter your name"
valid
value="My Name"
autocomplete="name"
></sp-textfield>
<br />
<sp-field-label for="name-2" required>Name</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield
id="name-2"
invalid
autocomplete="name"
placeholder="Enter your name"
></sp-textfield>
```
### Behaviors
#### Truncated value tooltip
When a single-line textfield value is visually truncated, a tooltip appears on hover/focus to expose the full value. This helps users review long input content when the control is too narrow to display all characters. This supports accessibility when users adjust text spacing (WCAG 1.4.12).
This behavior applies to single-line inputs and does not apply to multiline textfields. The full value is available on hover and keyboard focus so screen reader users can access it via the control's value. See also the same behavior on [number-field](../number-field).
By default the tooltip uses placement `bottom`. To change where the tooltip appears relative to the field, set the `tooltip-placement` attribute to a valid placement value: `top`, `top-start`, `top-end`, `right`, `right-start`, `right-end`, `bottom`, `bottom-start`, `bottom-end`, `left`, `left-start`, `left-end`. Placement is preferred but may flip (e.g. to the opposite side) when there is insufficient space so the tooltip stays in view.
```html
<sp-field-label for="truncated-text">Email</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield
id="truncated-text"
value="very.long.email.address@subdomain.example.com"
></sp-textfield>
```
### Accessibility
#### Include a label
Every text field should have a label. A field without a label is ambiguous and not accessible.
#### Include help text
The description in the help text is flexible and encompasses a range of guidance. Sometimes this guidance is about what to input, and sometime it’s about how to input. This includes information such as:
- An overall description of the input field
- Hints for what kind of information needs to be input
- Specific formatting examples or requirements
Learn more about [using help text](https://spectrum.adobe.com/page/text-field/#Use-help-text-to-show-hints,-formatting,-and-requirements).
#### Include negative help text
Write error messaging in a human-centered way by guiding a user and showing them a solution — don’t simply state what’s wrong and then leave them guessing as to how to resolve it. Ambiguous error messages can be frustrating and even shame-inducing for users. Also, keep in mind that something that a system may deem an error may not actually be perceived as an error to a user.
Learn more about [writing error messages](https://spectrum.adobe.com/page/text-field/#Write-error-text-that-shows-a-solution).
#### Autocomplete
Use the `autocomplete` attribute to help users complete forms faster and with fewer errors, especially on mobile devices. Auto-complete is required only for common input fields that collect an individual’s personal data.
```html
<sp-field-label for="email-1">Email</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield id="email-1" type="email" autocomplete="email"></sp-textfield>
<sp-field-label for="phone-1">Phone</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield id="phone-1" type="tel" autocomplete="tel"></sp-textfield>
<sp-field-label for="name-1">Full Name</sp-field-label>
<sp-textfield id="name-1" type="text" autocomplete="name"></sp-textfield>
```
**Common autocomplete values include**:
| Input type | Autocomplete token |
| ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `type="text"` | `name` - Full name |
| `type="text"` | `given-name` - First name |
| `type="text"` | `family-name` - Last name |
| `type="email"` | `email` - Email address |
| `type="tel"` | `tel` - Telephone number |
| `type="url"` | `url` - Website URL |
| `type="password"` | `current-password` - Current password for login |
| `type="password"` | `new-password` - New password when creating account or changing password |
See the [MDN autocomplete reference](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/autocomplete) for the complete list of values.
#### Do not us a placeholder as a replacement for a label or help-text
Putting instructions for how to complete an input, requirements, or any other essential information into placeholder text is not accessible. Once a value is entered, placeholder text is no longer viewable; if someone is using an automatic form filler, they will never get the information in the placeholder text.
Instead, use the help text description to convey requirements or to show any formatting examples that would help user comprehension. If there's placeholder text and help text at the same time, it becomes redundant and distracting, especially if they're communicating the same thing.