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itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="article post white-box reveal md shadow floatable blur article-type-docs" id="docs" itemprop="blogPost"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://blog.mhuig.top/notes/datacom/16"><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="MHuiG"></span><span hidden itemprop="post" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Post"><meta itemprop="name" content="MHuiG"><meta itemprop="description" content="MHuiG&#39;s Blog (MHuiG的博客) MHuiG&#39;s Neverland（MHuiG的梦幻岛） —— MHuiG(@MHuiG) 随便写写画画的地方 - 技术博客"></span><span hidden><meta itemprop="image" content="/lib/favicon/android-chrome-192x192.png"></span><div class="article-meta" id="top"><span hidden itemprop="name headline"></span></div><div id="layoutHelper-page-plugins"></div><div id="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p> <span class="p logo center large">OSPF 基础</span></p><br><h1 hidden>OSPF 基础</h1><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="动态路由"><a href="#动态路由" class="headerlink" title="动态路由"></a>动态路由</h2><p>AS (自治系统): 由同一个技术机构进行管理并且运行相同的路由选路策略的一组路由器.</p><h3 id="动态路由分类"><a href="#动态路由分类" class="headerlink" title="动态路由分类"></a>动态路由分类</h3><p>按照使用范围分类:</p><ul><li>IGP: 内部网关协议，运行于 AS 内部的路由协议 (RIP, OSPF, IS-IS)</li><li>EGP: 外部网关协议，运行于 AS 之间的路由协议 (BGP)</li></ul><p>按照算法分类:</p><ul><li>距离矢量路由协议：通过距离和矢量两个参数来描述一个路由信息进行计算，距离指的是由多远能到达目标 (开销，跳数). (RIP, BGP)</li><li> 链路状态路由协议：通过每台路由器自动生成链路状态信息，通过在一定的区域内交互链路状态信息，得到区域内完整的拓扑，最终通过最短路径树算法，计算得到最优的树状路径. (OSPF IS-IS)</li></ul><p>按照主类进行分类:</p><ul><li>有类路由协议：在传递信息时，不携带掩码，根据传递路由的主类网络以及接收路由的接口掩码的配置，自动计算路由. (RIPv1)</li><li> 无类路由协议：在传递信息时，协议带子网掩码，可以支持更广泛的应用，支持 VLSM, CIDR. (RIPv2, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP)</li></ul><h3 id="动态路由特点"><a href="#动态路由特点" class="headerlink" title="动态路由特点"></a>动态路由特点</h3><p>路由器通过动态路由协议自动计算得到的路由信息可以根据网络的变化自动进行路由表的改变.</p><ol><li>可以减少网络的管理任务.</li><li> 动态路由协议会占用部分网络的带宽.</li><li> 可以实现路由的自动调整.</li></ol></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="链路状态"><a href="#链路状态" class="headerlink" title="链路状态"></a>链路状态</h2><p>LS: 链路状态，设备直接相连的网络或节点信息.</p><p>LSA: 链路状态通告.</p><p>LSDB: 链路状态数据库，是所有 LSA 的集合.</p><p>SPF: 最短路径树算法.</p></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="OSPF工作原理"><a href="#OSPF工作原理" class="headerlink" title="OSPF工作原理"></a>OSPF 工作原理</h2><ol><li>建立邻居关系.</li><li> 泛洪 LSA, 并同步 LSDB.</li><li> 根据 SPF 算法计算最优路径.</li><li> 将计算得出的路由放入到路由表中.</li></ol></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="区域"><a href="#区域" class="headerlink" title="区域"></a>区域</h2><p>AREA: 区域，OSPF 通过区域可以实现网络的分层，并实现管理域的隔离，缩小 LSDB 的规模，每个 OSPF 设备在运行时需要指定接口所在的区域，每个区域会有一个区域号进行标识，一般写作点分十进制。区域是从逻辑上将设备分为不同的组.</p><p>OSPF 区域分为两层:</p><ul><li>骨干区域：固定的区域号为 <code>0</code> 或 <code>0.0.0.0</code> 必须有且只能有一个.</li><li> 非骨干区域: AS 内可以存在多个非骨干区域，区域号非 0, 所有的非骨干区域和骨干区域相连，非骨干区域之间不能相连.</li></ul></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="路由器角色"><a href="#路由器角色" class="headerlink" title="路由器角色"></a>路由器角色</h2><p><code>IR</code>: 区域内部路由器，所有的接口属于同一个 OSPF 区域的路由器.</p><p><code>BR</code>: 骨干路由器，至少有一个路由器接口运行于 OSPF 的骨干区域的路由器.</p><p><code>ABR</code>: 区域边界路由器，连接多个区域且所连接的区域中包括骨干区域的路由器.</p><p><code>ASBR</code>: 自治系统边界路由器，OSPF 中，AS 和 AS 相连的路由，一般在 ASBR 上将其他 AS 路由注入进 OSPF 中形成 OSPF 外部路由.</p></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="Router-ID"><a href="#Router-ID" class="headerlink" title="Router-ID"></a>Router-ID</h2><p>32bit 的无符号整数，每个 OSPF 设备在网络中的唯一标识，经常用点分十进制表示，每个设备在运行 OSPF 的 AS 内都有唯一的 RID.</p><h3 id="生成规则"><a href="#生成规则" class="headerlink" title="生成规则"></a>生成规则</h3><ol><li>如果手工配置了 RID, 则手工配置优先.</li><li> 如果没有手工配置，则设备会使用最大的 lookback 接口 IP 作为 RID.</li><li> 如果没有 lookback 接口，则优选物理接口最大的 IP 地址作为 RID.</li></ol><h3 id="全局RID"><a href="#全局RID" class="headerlink" title="全局RID"></a>全局 RID</h3><p>默认情况下，设备的全局标识.</p><h3 id="协议RID"><a href="#协议RID" class="headerlink" title="协议RID"></a>协议 RID</h3><p>默认情况下，路由协议会使用全局 RID 作为协议 RID, 如果手工指定协议 RID, 则优先使用手工指定的 RID.</p></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="Cost"><a href="#Cost" class="headerlink" title="Cost"></a>Cost</h2><p>OSPF 以 cost 作为度量值，是一个 16bit 正整数，取值范围 1-65535, 数值越小越优.</p><p>OSPF 计算的开销是到达目的网络所有链路的总开销，从目的到本设备的入向接口开销总和.</p><p>cost 只与带宽有关.</p><p>cost = 参考带宽值 / 接口带宽值 (参考带宽值 100Mbit/s)</p><p>如果修改参考带宽值，所有 OSPF 设备都要修改.</p></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="OSPF-报文"><a href="#OSPF-报文" class="headerlink" title="OSPF 报文"></a>OSPF 报文</h2><p><code>Hello</code>: 用于发现，建立以及维持邻居关系.</p><p><code>DD</code>: 数据库描述信息，相当于 LSDB 的摘要信息，在路由器之间选举主从.</p><p><code>LSR</code>: 链路状态请求，用于请求特定的 LSA.</p><p><code>LSU</code>: 链路状态更新，用于响应 LSR, 进行 LSA 的更新.</p><p><code>LSACK</code>: 链路状态确认，对 LSU 中的信息进行确认.</p></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="建立邻居关系"><a href="#建立邻居关系" class="headerlink" title="建立邻居关系"></a>建立邻居关系</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">R1 R2</span><br><span class="line">down</span><br><span class="line"> ==> hello (RID: 1.1.1.1 neighbor list: null) ==></span><br><span class="line"> init</span><br><span class="line"> <== hello (RID: 2.2.2.2 neighbor list: 1.1.1.1) <==</span><br><span class="line">2-way init</span><br><span class="line"> ==> hello (RID: 1.1.1.1 neighbor list: 2.2.2.2) ==></span><br><span class="line"> 2-way</span><br><span class="line">EXstart</span><br><span class="line"> ==> DD (1.1.1.1) X ===============================></span><br><span class="line"> <== DD (2.2.2.2) Y <===============================</span><br><span class="line">EXchange</span><br><span class="line"> ==> DD (LSDB) Y ===============================></span><br><span class="line"> <== DD (LSDB) Y+1 <===============================</span><br><span class="line"> EXchange</span><br><span class="line"> ==> DD Y+1 ===============================></span><br><span class="line">Loading</span><br><span class="line"> ==> LSR ================================></span><br><span class="line"> <== LSU <================================</span><br><span class="line"> ==> LSACK ================================></span><br><span class="line"> ..........</span><br><span class="line">Full Full </span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="OSPF-状态机"><a href="#OSPF-状态机" class="headerlink" title="OSPF 状态机"></a>OSPF 状态机</h2><p><code>DOWN</code>: 表示 OSPF 失效状态，当前状态下无法和其他路由器建立邻居关系.</p><p><code>Init</code>: 初始化状态，表示收到 OSPF Hello 报文，但报文中不包含自身的 RID, 也就是此时其他路由器并不知道自身的存在.</p><p><code>2-way</code>: 双向通信状态，表示收到 OSPF Hello 报文，且收到的报文中包含自身设备的 RID, 此时已经和邻居建立双向通信.</p><p><code>EXstart</code>: OSPF 设备会交互空的 DD 报文用于 OSPF 邻接关系的主从选举.</p><p><code>EXchange</code>: OSPF 会发送 DD 报文来描述自身数据库信息.</p><p><code>Loading</code>: OSPF 设备通过发送 LSR 对特定的 LSA 进行请求，并等待对方更新。被请求设备将 LSA 放入到 LSU 中发送过去，并等待对方的 ACK. 收到的设备需要对其确认.</p><p><code>FULL</code>: 当 LSDB 同步完成时，进入此状态也就是邻接状态.</p></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="OSPF-邻接状态建立过程"><a href="#OSPF-邻接状态建立过程" class="headerlink" title="OSPF 邻接状态建立过程"></a>OSPF 邻接状态建立过程</h2><p>第一步:</p><p>当邻居状态变为 EXstart 时，RTA 回会向 RTB 发送第一个 DD 报文，在这个报文中，序列号为 X, RTA 宣告自己为主路由器.</p><p>此时 RTB 也向 RTA 发送自己的第一个 DD 报文，在这个报文中，假设 DD 报文的序列号为 Y, RTB 也宣告自己为主路由器，由于 RTB 的 RID 比 RTA 大，所以 RTB 成为真正的主路由器.</p><p>第二步:</p><p>RTA 发送一个新的 DD 报文，在这个报文中，携带着 LSDB 的描述信息。序列号设置为 RTB 在上一个 DD 报文中的序列号，此时 RTB 的状态改为 EXchange.</p><p>第三步:</p><p>邻居状态变为 EXchange 之后，RTB 发送一个新的 DD 报文，该报文包含着 LSDB 的描述信息，DD 报文的序列号为 Y+1 (上次使用的序列号 + 1).</p><p>第四步:</p><p>即使 RTA 不需要新的 DD 报文来描述自己的 LSDB, 但作为从路由器，RTA 需要对主路由器 RTB 发送的每一个 DD 报文进行确认，所以，RTA 向 RTB 发送一个内容为空的 DD 报文，序列号采用 RTB 上次发送的序列号 (表示确认).</p><p>第五步:</p><p>发送完最后一个 DD 报文后，RTA 将状态改为 Loading, RTB 收到最后一个 DD 报文后状态改为 FULL (假设 RTB 的 LSDB 是完整的，不需要向 RTA 请求更新).</p></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="OSPF-所支持的网络类型"><a href="#OSPF-所支持的网络类型" class="headerlink" title="OSPF 所支持的网络类型"></a>OSPF 所支持的网络类型</h2><ol><li>BMA: 广播型多路访问，当链路层为以太网时，此网络中带有广播功能，也是 OSPF 默认的网路类型，在此网络类型下需要进行 DR 和 BDR 的选举.</li><li>NBMA: 非广播型多路访问，无法发送广播和组播报文，只能够通过单播形式来寻找邻居，在此网络类型下，也会进行 DR 和 BDR 的选举.</li><li>P2P: 点到点网络，接口通过点到点的形式与另一台路由器相连，在此网络类型下不需要选举 DR 和 BDR.</li><li>P2MP: 点到多点，是一种特殊的网络类型，P2MP 必须由其他网络类型强制修改，不选举 DR 和 BDR.</li></ol><p>对于不同网络类型的区别</p><table><thead><tr><th>网络类型</th><th> Hello</th><th>Dead</th><th>DR/BDR</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>BMA</td><td>10</td><td>40</td><td> 选举</td></tr><tr><td> NBMA</td><td>30</td><td>120</td><td> 选举</td></tr><tr><td> P2P</td><td>10</td><td>40</td><td> 无</td></tr><tr><td> P2MP</td><td>30</td><td>120</td><td> 无</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="DR-BDR"><a href="#DR-BDR" class="headerlink" title="DR/BDR"></a>DR/BDR</h2><p>不用 DR 邻接关系数量:</p><p><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align:-.781ex" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.449ex" height="3.15ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -1047.1 3292.5 1392.1"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mfrac"><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(220,516.8) scale(0.707)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D45B" d="M21 287Q22 293 24 303T36 341 56 388 89 425 135 442Q171 442 195 424T225 390 231 369Q231 367 232 367L243 378Q304 442 382 442 436 442 469 415T503 336 465 179 427 52Q427 26 444 26 450 26 453 27 482 32 505 65T540 145Q542 153 560 153 580 153 580 145 580 144 576 130 568 101 554 73T508 17 439-10Q392-10 371 17T350 73Q350 92 386 193T423 345Q423 404 379 404H374Q288 404 229 303L222 291 189 157Q156 26 151 16 138-11 108-11 95-11 87-5T76 7 74 17Q74 30 112 180T152 343Q153 348 153 366 153 405 129 405 91 405 66 305 60 285 60 284 58 278 41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(600,0)"><path data-c="D7" d="M630 29Q630 9 609 9 604 9 587 25T493 118L389 222 284 117Q178 13 175 11 171 9 168 9 160 9 154 15T147 29Q147 36 161 51T255 146L359 250 255 354Q174 435 161 449T147 471Q147 480 153 485T168 490Q173 490 175 489 178 487 284 383L389 278 493 382Q570 459 587 475T609 491Q630 491 630 471 630 464 620 453T522 355L418 250 522 145Q606 61 618 48T630 29Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1378,0)"><path data-c="28" d="M94 250Q94 319 104 381T127 488 164 576 202 643 244 695 277 729 302 750H315 319Q333 750 333 741 333 738 316 720T275 667 226 581 184 443 167 250 184 58 225-81 274-167 316-220 333-241Q333-250 318-250H315 302L274-226Q180-141 137-14T94 250Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1767,0)"><path data-c="1D45B" d="M21 287Q22 293 24 303T36 341 56 388 89 425 135 442Q171 442 195 424T225 390 231 369Q231 367 232 367L243 378Q304 442 382 442 436 442 469 415T503 336 465 179 427 52Q427 26 444 26 450 26 453 27 482 32 505 65T540 145Q542 153 560 153 580 153 580 145 580 144 576 130 568 101 554 73T508 17 439-10Q392-10 371 17T350 73Q350 92 386 193T423 345Q423 404 379 404H374Q288 404 229 303L222 291 189 157Q156 26 151 16 138-11 108-11 95-11 87-5T76 7 74 17Q74 30 112 180T152 343Q153 348 153 366 153 405 129 405 91 405 66 305 60 285 60 284 58 278 41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2367,0)"><path data-c="2212" d="M84 237T84 250 98 270H679Q694 262 694 250T679 230H98Q84 237 84 250Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3145,0)"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578 200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641 273 663Q275 666 285 666 294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48 401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3 121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47 193 50 201 52 207 57 213 61V578Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3645,0)"><path data-c="29" d="M60 749 64 750Q69 750 74 750H86L114 726Q208 641 251 514T294 250Q294 182 284 119T261 12 224-76 186-143 145-194 113-227 90-246Q87-249 86-250H74Q66-250 63-250T58-247 55-238Q56-237 66-225 221-64 221 250T66 725Q56 737 55 738 55 746 60 749Z"/></g></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1469.5,-345) scale(0.707)"><path data-c="32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315 301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93 218 92Q375 92 385 97 392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19 31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137 145 147 170 174T204 211 233 244 261 278 284 308 305 340 320 369 333 401 340 431 343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569 109 550Q109 549 114 549 132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"/></g><rect width="3052.5" height="60" x="120" y="220"/></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container></p><p>使用 DR 邻接关系数量:</p><p><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align:-.186ex" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="5.254ex" height="1.692ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 2322.4 748"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D45B" d="M21 287Q22 293 24 303T36 341 56 388 89 425 135 442Q171 442 195 424T225 390 231 369Q231 367 232 367L243 378Q304 442 382 442 436 442 469 415T503 336 465 179 427 52Q427 26 444 26 450 26 453 27 482 32 505 65T540 145Q542 153 560 153 580 153 580 145 580 144 576 130 568 101 554 73T508 17 439-10Q392-10 371 17T350 73Q350 92 386 193T423 345Q423 404 379 404H374Q288 404 229 303L222 291 189 157Q156 26 151 16 138-11 108-11 95-11 87-5T76 7 74 17Q74 30 112 180T152 343Q153 348 153 366 153 405 129 405 91 405 66 305 60 285 60 284 58 278 41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(822.2,0)"><path data-c="2212" d="M84 237T84 250 98 270H679Q694 262 694 250T679 230H98Q84 237 84 250Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1822.4,0)"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578 200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641 273 663Q275 666 285 666 294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48 401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3 121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47 193 50 201 52 207 57 213 61V578Z"/></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container></p><p>在 MA 网络中有 N 台设备且形成两两邻接关系则网络内邻接关系数量为<mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align:-.781ex" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.449ex" height="3.15ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -1047.1 3292.5 1392.1"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mfrac"><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(220,516.8) scale(0.707)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D45B" d="M21 287Q22 293 24 303T36 341 56 388 89 425 135 442Q171 442 195 424T225 390 231 369Q231 367 232 367L243 378Q304 442 382 442 436 442 469 415T503 336 465 179 427 52Q427 26 444 26 450 26 453 27 482 32 505 65T540 145Q542 153 560 153 580 153 580 145 580 144 576 130 568 101 554 73T508 17 439-10Q392-10 371 17T350 73Q350 92 386 193T423 345Q423 404 379 404H374Q288 404 229 303L222 291 189 157Q156 26 151 16 138-11 108-11 95-11 87-5T76 7 74 17Q74 30 112 180T152 343Q153 348 153 366 153 405 129 405 91 405 66 305 60 285 60 284 58 278 41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(600,0)"><path data-c="D7" d="M630 29Q630 9 609 9 604 9 587 25T493 118L389 222 284 117Q178 13 175 11 171 9 168 9 160 9 154 15T147 29Q147 36 161 51T255 146L359 250 255 354Q174 435 161 449T147 471Q147 480 153 485T168 490Q173 490 175 489 178 487 284 383L389 278 493 382Q570 459 587 475T609 491Q630 491 630 471 630 464 620 453T522 355L418 250 522 145Q606 61 618 48T630 29Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1378,0)"><path data-c="28" d="M94 250Q94 319 104 381T127 488 164 576 202 643 244 695 277 729 302 750H315 319Q333 750 333 741 333 738 316 720T275 667 226 581 184 443 167 250 184 58 225-81 274-167 316-220 333-241Q333-250 318-250H315 302L274-226Q180-141 137-14T94 250Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1767,0)"><path data-c="1D45B" d="M21 287Q22 293 24 303T36 341 56 388 89 425 135 442Q171 442 195 424T225 390 231 369Q231 367 232 367L243 378Q304 442 382 442 436 442 469 415T503 336 465 179 427 52Q427 26 444 26 450 26 453 27 482 32 505 65T540 145Q542 153 560 153 580 153 580 145 580 144 576 130 568 101 554 73T508 17 439-10Q392-10 371 17T350 73Q350 92 386 193T423 345Q423 404 379 404H374Q288 404 229 303L222 291 189 157Q156 26 151 16 138-11 108-11 95-11 87-5T76 7 74 17Q74 30 112 180T152 343Q153 348 153 366 153 405 129 405 91 405 66 305 60 285 60 284 58 278 41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2367,0)"><path data-c="2212" d="M84 237T84 250 98 270H679Q694 262 694 250T679 230H98Q84 237 84 250Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3145,0)"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578 200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641 273 663Q275 666 285 666 294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48 401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3 121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47 193 50 201 52 207 57 213 61V578Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3645,0)"><path data-c="29" d="M60 749 64 750Q69 750 74 750H86L114 726Q208 641 251 514T294 250Q294 182 284 119T261 12 224-76 186-143 145-194 113-227 90-246Q87-249 86-250H74Q66-250 63-250T58-247 55-238Q56-237 66-225 221-64 221 250T66 725Q56 737 55 738 55 746 60 749Z"/></g></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1469.5,-345) scale(0.707)"><path data-c="32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315 301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93 218 92Q375 92 385 97 392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19 31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137 145 147 170 174T204 211 233 244 261 278 284 308 305 340 320 369 333 401 340 431 343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569 109 550Q109 549 114 549 132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"/></g><rect width="3052.5" height="60" x="120" y="220"/></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container>.</p><p>在 MA 网络中设备之间建立邻接关系，需要维护的邻接关系随着设备的增加而大幅度增加。每两台设备之间两两交互 LSA, 会导致 LSA 的重复发送，导致网络计算效率低.</p><p>DR: 指定路由器，在每个 OSPF 的 MA 网络中，都会选举一个 DR 设备，DR 设备会和每台设备建立邻接关系，并交互 LSA, 同时将自身收集到的 LSA 交互给每台设备.</p><p>BDR: 备份指定路由器，为了防止 DR 设备失效造成的单点故障，在 MA 网络中也会选举 BDR 设备，BDR 也会与其他成员建立邻接关系，同时监听 DR 的状态，如果 DR 失效，则 BDR 成为新的 DR.</p><p>DR Other: 除 DR 以外其他路由器，DR Other 之间只建立邻居关系.</p><p>每一个广播范围内选择一个 DR/BDR.</p><p>2-way 状态下完成 DR/BDR 选举.</p></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="DR和BDR选举"><a href="#DR和BDR选举" class="headerlink" title="DR和BDR选举"></a>DR 和 BDR 选举</h2><p>每台运行 OSPF 的路由器都有接口优先级。默认值 1.</p><p>当优先级为 0 时，表示该设备放弃参选.</p><p>255 最大值.</p><ol><li>优先级大于 0 的设备进行选举，优先级越大越优.</li><li> 如果优先级一致，则比较 RID, RID 越大越优.</li></ol></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="OSPF的组播组"><a href="#OSPF的组播组" class="headerlink" title="OSPF的组播组"></a>OSPF 的组播组</h2><p>224.0.0.5: 所有的路由器都监听的地址</p><ol><li>DR/BDR 发送的 OSPF 报文目标地址都是 224.0.0.5</li><li> 在广播型网络中所有的路由器都以 224.0.0.5 为目标地址发送 Hello 报文.</li><li>DR/BDR 会将 LSA 的更新发向 224.0.0.5</li></ol><p>224.0.0.6: DR/BDR 监听的地址</p><ol><li>DR Other 发送的 OSPF 报文的目标地址为 224.0.0.6</li><li>DR Other 会将 LSA 的更新发向 224.0.0.6</li></ol></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="Shell-全局OSPF配置"><a href="#Shell-全局OSPF配置" class="headerlink" title="Shell-全局OSPF配置"></a>Shell - 全局 OSPF 配置</h2><p><img src="https://static.mhuig.top/npm/mhgoos@0.0.1704164514069/ospf.png" class="lazyload" data-srcset="https://static.mhuig.top/npm/mhgoos@0.0.1704164514069/ospf.png" srcset="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///////yH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Shell-全局OSPF配置"></p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tbody><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">interface LoopBack0</span><br><span class="line"> ip address 11.11.11.11 255.255.255.255 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 // 创建OSPF进程, 配置RID</span></span><br><span class="line"> area 0.0.0.0 // 创建区域</span><br><span class="line"> network 11.11.11.11 0.0.0.0 // 宣告接口</span><br><span class="line"> network 12.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash"><span class="comment">#####################</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[R1]dis ip routing-table</span><br><span class="line">Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib</span><br><span class="line">------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">Routing Tables: Public</span><br><span class="line"> Destinations : 11 Routes : 11 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> 11.11.11.11/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0</span><br><span class="line"> 12.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet</span><br><span class="line">0/0/0</span><br><span class="line"> 12.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet</span><br><span class="line">0/0/0</span><br><span class="line"> 12.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet</span><br><span class="line">0/0/0</span><br><span class="line"> 22.22.22.22/32 OSPF 10 1 D 12.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet</span><br><span class="line">0/0/0</span><br><span class="line"> 23.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 12.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet</span><br><span class="line">0/0/0</span><br><span class="line"> 33.33.33.33/32 OSPF 10 2 D 12.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet</span><br><span class="line">0/0/0</span><br><span class="line"> 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0</span><br><span class="line"> 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0</span><br><span class="line">127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0</span><br><span class="line">255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0</span><br><span class="line">[R1]dis int brief </span><br><span class="line">PHY: Physical</span><br><span class="line">*down: administratively down</span><br><span class="line">(l): loopback</span><br><span class="line">(s): spoofing</span><br><span class="line">(b): BFD down</span><br><span class="line">^down: standby</span><br><span class="line">(e): ETHOAM down</span><br><span class="line">(d): Dampening Suppressed</span><br><span class="line">InUti/OutUti: input utility/output utility</span><br><span class="line">Interface PHY Protocol InUti OutUti inErrors outErrors</span><br><span class="line">GigabitEthernet0/0/0 up up 0% 0% 0 0</span><br><span class="line">GigabitEthernet0/0/1 down down 0% 0% 0 0</span><br><span class="line">GigabitEthernet0/0/2 down down 0% 0% 0 0</span><br><span class="line">LoopBack0 up up(s) 0% 0% 0 0</span><br><span class="line">NULL0 up up(s) 0% 0% 0 0</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="Shell-接口下OSPF配置"><a href="#Shell-接口下OSPF配置" class="headerlink" title="Shell-接口下OSPF配置"></a>Shell - 接口下 OSPF 配置</h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tbody><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[R1]interface LoopBack0</span><br><span class="line">[R1-LoopBack0]ospf enable 1 area 0</span><br><span class="line">[R1-LoopBack0]dis th</span><br><span class="line">[V200R003C00]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface LoopBack0</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 11.11.11.11 255.255.255.255 </span><br><span class="line"> ospf enable 1 area 0.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">return</span></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="OSPF-实验"><a href="#OSPF-实验" class="headerlink" title="OSPF 实验"></a>OSPF 实验</h2><p><img src="https://static.mhuig.top/npm/mhgoos@0.0.1704182057165/ospf.png" class="lazyload" data-srcset="https://static.mhuig.top/npm/mhgoos@0.0.1704182057165/ospf.png" srcset="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///////yH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="OSPF 实验"></p><figure class="highlight shell"><figcaption><span>R1</span></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash"> sysname R1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 14.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface LoopBack0</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1</span> </span><br><span class="line"> area 0.0.0.0 </span><br><span class="line"> network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 </span><br><span class="line"> network 12.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 </span><br><span class="line"> network 13.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 </span><br><span class="line"> network 14.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><figure class="highlight shell"><figcaption><span>R2</span></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash"> sysname R2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 24.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface NULL0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface LoopBack0</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2</span> </span><br><span class="line"> area 0.0.0.0 </span><br><span class="line"> network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 </span><br><span class="line"> network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 </span><br><span class="line"> network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 </span><br><span class="line"> network 24.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><figure class="highlight shell"><figcaption><span>SW3</span></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">sysname SW3</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">vlan batch 10 to 80</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">stp <span class="built_in">disable</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">dhcp <span class="built_in">enable</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface Vlanif10</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface Vlanif30</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 34.1.1.3 255.255.255.0</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface Vlanif40</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface Vlanif50</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0</span><br><span class="line"> dhcp select interface</span><br><span class="line"> dhcp server lease day 0 hour 0 minute 10</span><br><span class="line"> dhcp server dns-list 8.8.8.8</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1</span></span><br><span class="line"> port link-type access</span><br><span class="line"> port default vlan 10</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2</span></span><br><span class="line"> port link-type access</span><br><span class="line"> port default vlan 50</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3</span></span><br><span class="line"> port link-type access</span><br><span class="line"> port default vlan 40</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4</span></span><br><span class="line"> port link-type access</span><br><span class="line"> port default vlan 30</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface LoopBack0</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3</span></span><br><span class="line"> area 0.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line"> network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line"> network 13.1.1.3 0.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line"> network 23.1.1.3 0.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line"> network 34.1.1.3 0.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line"> network 192.168.1.254 0.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><figure class="highlight shell"><figcaption><span>SW4</span></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">sysname SW4</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">vlan batch 10 to 80</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">stp <span class="built_in">disable</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">dhcp <span class="built_in">enable</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface Vlanif20</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 24.1.1.4 255.255.255.0</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface Vlanif30</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 34.1.1.4 255.255.255.0</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface Vlanif60</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0</span><br><span class="line"> dhcp select interface</span><br><span class="line"> dhcp server lease day 0 hour 0 minute 10</span><br><span class="line"> dhcp server dns-list 8.8.8.8</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface Vlanif70</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 14.1.1.4 255.255.255.0</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1</span></span><br><span class="line"> port link-type access</span><br><span class="line"> port default vlan 20</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2</span></span><br><span class="line"> port link-type access</span><br><span class="line"> port default vlan 60</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3</span></span><br><span class="line"> port link-type access</span><br><span class="line"> port default vlan 70</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4</span></span><br><span class="line"> port link-type access</span><br><span class="line"> port default vlan 30</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface LoopBack0</span></span><br><span class="line"> ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4</span></span><br><span class="line"> area 0.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line"> network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line"> network 24.1.1.4 0.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line"> network 14.1.1.4 0.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line"> network 34.1.1.4 0.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line"> network 192.168.2.254 0.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><figure class="highlight shell"><figcaption><span>SW5</span></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">sysname SW5</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">stp <span class="built_in">disable</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">vlan batch 50 60</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1</span></span><br><span class="line"> port link-type access</span><br><span class="line"> port default vlan 50</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2</span></span><br><span class="line"> port link-type access</span><br><span class="line"> port default vlan 60</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3</span></span><br><span class="line"> port link-type access</span><br><span class="line"> port default vlan 50</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="language-bash">interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4</span></span><br><span class="line"> port link-type access</span><br><span class="line"> port default vlan 60</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure></div><div class="story post-story"><h2 id="Shell-Display"><a href="#Shell-Display" class="headerlink" title="Shell-Display"></a>Shell-Display</h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tbody><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">display bridge mac-address // 查看 mac</span><br><span class="line">display this // 查看当前视图</span><br><span class="line">display current-configuration // 查看当前配置</span><br><span class="line">display ip interface brief // 查看接口IP</span><br><span class="line">display ip routing-table // 查看路由</span><br><span class="line">display port vlan 查看 vlan // 和接口</span><br><span class="line">display ospf peer brief // 查看 OSPF 对等统计信息</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure></div></div><div class="footer"></div><div class="article-meta" id="bottom"><div class="new-meta-box"></div></div><div class="prev-next"><a class="prev" href="/notes/datacom/15"><p class="title"><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></i>实现VLAN间通信</p><p class="content"> 实现 VLAN 间通信 实现 VLAN 间通信 使用路由器物理接口 R1<Huawei>sy[Huawei]sy R1[R1]int g0/0/0[R1-GigabitEt...</p></a><a class="next" href="/notes/datacom/17"><p class="title">STP<i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></p><p class="content"> STP STP STPSTP: 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itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPSideBar"><section class="widget text desktop mobile pjax"><header><a href="/notes/"><i class="fa-duotone fa-book fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="name">Notes</span></a></header><div class="content"></div></section><section class="widget list group desktop mobile pjax"><header><i class="fa-duotone fa-chart-network fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="name">数据通信网络</span></header><div class="content"><ul class="list entry navigation"><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/" href="/notes/datacom/" active-action="action-notesdatacom"><div class="name"> Welcome</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/1" href="/notes/datacom/1" active-action="action-notesdatacom1"><div class="name"> 网络通信</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/2" href="/notes/datacom/2" active-action="action-notesdatacom2"><div class="name"> 传输介质</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/3" href="/notes/datacom/3" active-action="action-notesdatacom3"><div class="name"> 网络参考模型</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/4" href="/notes/datacom/4" active-action="action-notesdatacom4"><div class="name"> 以太网帧结构</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/5" href="/notes/datacom/5" active-action="action-notesdatacom5"><div class="name"> 交换网络基础</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/6" href="/notes/datacom/6" active-action="action-notesdatacom6"><div class="name"> IP编址</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/7" href="/notes/datacom/7" active-action="action-notesdatacom7"><div class="name"> ICMP协议</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/8" href="/notes/datacom/8" active-action="action-notesdatacom8"><div class="name"> ARP协议</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/9" href="/notes/datacom/9" active-action="action-notesdatacom9"><div class="name"> 传输层协议</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/10" href="/notes/datacom/10" active-action="action-notesdatacom10"><div class="name"> DHCP</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/11" href="/notes/datacom/11" active-action="action-notesdatacom11"><div class="name"> 数据转发过程</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/12" href="/notes/datacom/12" active-action="action-notesdatacom12"><div class="name"> VLAN原理与配置</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/13" href="/notes/datacom/13" active-action="action-notesdatacom13"><div class="name"> IP路由基础</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/14" href="/notes/datacom/14" active-action="action-notesdatacom14"><div class="name"> 远程登录</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/15" href="/notes/datacom/15" active-action="action-notesdatacom15"><div class="name"> 实现VLAN间通信</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/16" 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class="name"> OSPF路由计算</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/23" href="/notes/datacom/23" active-action="action-notesdatacom23"><div class="name"> OSPF特殊区域</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/24" href="/notes/datacom/24" active-action="action-notesdatacom24"><div class="name"> BGP</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/25" href="/notes/datacom/25" active-action="action-notesdatacom25"><div class="name"> VRF 虚拟路由转发</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/26" href="/notes/datacom/26" active-action="action-notesdatacom26"><div class="name"> VRRP</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/27" href="/notes/datacom/27" active-action="action-notesdatacom27"><div class="name"> 防火墙</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/28" href="/notes/datacom/28" active-action="action-notesdatacom28"><div class="name"> WLAN</div></a></li><li><a class="flat-box" title="/notes/datacom/29" href="/notes/datacom/29" active-action="action-notesdatacom29"><div class="name"> IPv6</div></a></li></ul></div></section><div class="widget-sticky pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div class="pjax"></div><div 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