@kitware/vtk.js/Utilities/XMLConverter/chemistry/elements.xml

Visualization Toolkit for the Web

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<list id="chemicalElement" convention="bodr:elements"
      title="properties of the elements"

      xmlns="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema"
      xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xmlns:bo="http://www.blueobelisk.org/dict/terminology"
      xmlns:boUnits="http://www.blueobelisk.org/dict/units"
      xmlns:units="http://www.xml-cml.org/units/units"
      xmlns:siUnits="http://www.xml-cml.org/units/siUnits"
      xmlns:bibx="http://bibtexml.sf.net/"

      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema ../schemas/cml25.xsd
			   http://bibtexml.sf.net/       ../schemas/bibtexml.xsd">

  <metadataList>
    <!-- manually updated -->

    <metadata name="dc:title" content="Blue Obelisk Element Repository" />
    <metadata name="dc:creator" content="The Blue Obelisk Movement" />
    <metadata name="dc:license" content="The MIT License" />
    <metadata name="dc:contributor" content="Geoffrey R. Hutchison" />
    <metadata name="dc:contributor" content="Carsten Niehaus" />
    <metadata name="dc:contributor" content="Egon Willighagen" />
    <metadata name="dc:description" content="Database of elements and elemental properties (names, symbols, masses, exact masses, van der Waals radii, ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, etc." />
  </metadataList>

  <atom id="Xx">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">0</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Xx" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Dummy" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass">0.0000</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">0.00000</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">0.0</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">0</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.07 0.50 0.70</array>
  </atom>
  <atom id="H">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">1</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="H" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Hydrogen" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="7">1.00794</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">1.007825032</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">13.5984</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="3">0.75420375</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">2.20</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Greek 'hydro' and 'gennao' for 'forms water'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">0.37</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">1.2</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">1.00 1.00 1.00</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">20.28</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">14.01</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">s</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">uk</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1766</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">C. Cavendish</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">1s1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Non-Metal</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="He">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">2</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="He" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Helium" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="2">4.002602</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">4.002603254</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">24.5874</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev">0</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">The Greek word for the sun was 'helios'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">0.32</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">1.4</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.85 1.00 1.00</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">4.216</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">0.95</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">p</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" delimiter="," size="2" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">se,uk</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1895</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" delimiter=";" size="2" dictRef="bo:discoverers">P. J. Janssen;J. N. Lockyer</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">8</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">1s2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Noblegas</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Li">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">3</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Li" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Lithium" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="2">6.941</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">7.01600455</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">5.3917</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="21">0.618049</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">0.98</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Greek 'lithos' means 'stone'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.34</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">2.2</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.80 0.50 1.00</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">1615</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">453.7</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">s</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">se</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1817</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">A. Arfvedson</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">He 2s1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Alkali_Earth</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Be">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">4</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Be" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Beryllium" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="3">9.012182</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">9.0121822</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">9.3227</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev">0</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">1.57</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Greek 'beryllos' for 'light-green stone'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">0.90</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">1.9</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.76 1.00 0.00</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">3243</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">1560</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">s</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">fr</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1797</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">Nicholas Louis Vauquelin</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">He 2s2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Alkaline_Earth</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="B">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">5</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="B" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Boron" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="7">10.811</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">11.0093054</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">8.2980</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="25">0.279723</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">2.04</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Boron means 'Bor(ax) + (carb)on'. It is found in borax and behaves a lot like carbon</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">0.82</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">1.8</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">1.00 0.71 0.71</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">4275</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">2365</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">p</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" delimiter="," size="2" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">uk,fr</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1808</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" delimiter=";" size="2" dictRef="bo:discoverers">Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac;Louis Jacques Thenard</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">He 2s2 2p1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Metalloids</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="C">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">6</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="C" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Carbon" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="8">12.0107</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">12</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">11.2603</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="20">1.262118</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">2.55</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Latin 'carboneum' for carbon</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">0.77</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">1.7</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.50 0.50 0.50</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">5100</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">3825</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">p</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">ancient</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">0</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">4</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">He 2s2 2p2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Non-Metal</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="N">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">7</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="N" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Nitrogen" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="2">14.0067</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">14.003074</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">14.5341</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="2">-0.07</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">3.04</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Latin 'nitrogenium' ('forms saltpeter')</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">0.75</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">1.6</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.05 0.05 1.00</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">77.344</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">63.15</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">p</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">uk</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1772</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">D. Rutherford</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">5</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">He 2s2 2p3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Non-Metal</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="O">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">8</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="O" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Oxygen" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="3">15.9994</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">15.99491462</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">13.6181</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="27">1.4611120</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">3.44</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Latin 'oxygenium' (forms acids)</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">0.73</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">1.55</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">1.00 0.05 0.05</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">90.188</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">54.8</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">p</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" delimiter="," size="2" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">se,uk</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1774</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">J. Priestley</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">6</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">He 2s2 2p4</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Non-Metal</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="F">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">9</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="F" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Fluorine" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="5">18.9984032</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">18.99840322</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">17.4228</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="32">3.4011887</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">3.98</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Latin 'fluere' ('floats')</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">0.71</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">1.5</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.70 1.00 1.00</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">85</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">53.55</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">p</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">fr</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1886</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">H. F. Moissan</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">7</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">He 2s2 2p5</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Halogen</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Ne">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">10</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Ne" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Neon" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="6">20.1797</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">19.99244018</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">21.5645</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev">0</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Greek 'neo'. meaning 'new'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">0.69</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">1.54</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.70 0.89 0.96</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">27.1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">24.55</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">p</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">uk</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1898</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" delimiter=";" size="2" dictRef="bo:discoverers">W. Ramsay;M.W. Travers</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">8</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">He 2s2 2p6</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Noblegas</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Na">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">11</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Na" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Sodium" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="2">22.98976928</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">22.98976928</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">5.1391</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="25">0.547926</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">0.93</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Arabic 'natrun' for 'soda'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.54</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">2.4</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.67 0.36 0.95</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">1156</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">371</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">s</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">uk</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1807</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">Sir Humphrey Davy</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ne 3s1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Alkali_Earth</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Mg">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">12</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Mg" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Magnesium" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="6">24.3050</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">23.9850417</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">7.6462</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev">0</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">1.31</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Named after the city of Magnesia</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.30</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">2.2</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.54 1.00 0.00</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">1380</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">922</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">s</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">uk</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1808</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">H. B. Davy</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ne 3s2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Alkaline_Earth</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Al">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">13</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Al" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Aluminium" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="8">26.9815386</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">26.98153863</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">5.9858</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="5">0.43283</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">1.61</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Latin 'alumen'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.18</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">2.1</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.75 0.65 0.65</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">2740</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">933.5</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">p</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">dk</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1825</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">H. Ch. Oersted</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ne 3s2 3p1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Other_Metal</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Si">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">14</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Si" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Silicon" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="3">28.0855</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">27.97692653</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">8.1517</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="20">1.389521</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">1.90</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Latin 'silex'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.11</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">2.1</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.50 0.60 0.60</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">2630</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">1683</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">p</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">se</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1823</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">J. J. Berzelius</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">4</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ne 3s2 3p2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Metalloids</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="P">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">15</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="P" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Phosphorus" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="2">30.973762</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">30.97376163</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">10.4867</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="3">0.7465</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">2.19</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Greek 'phosphoros' for 'carries light'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.06</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">1.95</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">1.00 0.50 0.00</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">553</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">317.3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">p</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">de</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1669</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">H. Brandt</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">5</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ne 3s2 3p3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Non-Metal</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="S">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">16</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="S" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Sulfur" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="5">32.065</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">31.972071</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">10.3600</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="10">2.0771029</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">2.58</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">In sanskrit 'sweb' means 'to sleep'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.02</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">1.8</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">1.00 1.00 0.19</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">717.82</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">392.2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">p</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">ancient</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">0</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">6</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ne 3s2 3p4</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Non-Metal</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Cl">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">17</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Cl" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Chlorine" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="2">35.453</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">34.96885268</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">12.9676</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="27">3.612724</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">3.16</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Greek 'chloros' for 'yellow-green'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">0.99</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">1.8</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.12 0.94 0.12</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">239.18</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">172.17</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">p</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">se</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1774</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">C. W. Scheele</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">7</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ne 3s2 3p5</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Halogen</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Ar">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">18</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Ar" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Argon" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="1">39.948</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">39.96238312</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">15.7596</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev">0</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Greek 'aergon' for 'inactive'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">0.97</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">1.88</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.50 0.82 0.89</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">87.45</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">83.95</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">p</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">uk</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1894</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" delimiter=";" size="2" dictRef="bo:discoverers">W. Ramsay;J. Rayleigh</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">8</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ne 3s2 3p6</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Noblegas</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="K">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">19</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="K" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Potassium" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="1">39.0983</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">38.96370668</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">4.3407</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="12">0.501459</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">0.82</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Arabic 'al qaliy' for potash</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.96</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">2.8</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.56 0.25 0.83</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">1033</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">336.8</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">s</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">uk</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1807</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">H. B. Davy</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">4</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ar 4s1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Alkali_Earth</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Ca">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">20</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Ca" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Calcium" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="4">40.078</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">39.96259098</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">6.1132</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="10">0.02455</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">1.00</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Latin 'calx' for 'lime'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.74</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">2.4</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.24 1.00 0.00</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">1757</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">1112</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">s</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">uk</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1808</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">H. B. Davy</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">4</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ar 4s2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Alkaline_Earth</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Sc">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">21</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Sc" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Scandium" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="6">44.955912</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">44.9559119</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">6.5615</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="20">0.188</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">1.36</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Named because it was found in Scandinavia</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.44</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">2.3</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.90 0.90 0.90</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">3109</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">1814</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">d</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">se</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1879</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">L. Nilson</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">4</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">3</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ar 3d1 4s2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Transition</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Ti">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">22</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Ti" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Titanium" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="1">47.867</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">47.9479463</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">6.8281</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="9">0.084</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">1.54</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">The Titans were giants in Greek mythology</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.36</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">2.15</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.75 0.76 0.78</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">3560</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">1935</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">d</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">uk</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1791</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">W. Gregor</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">4</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">4</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ar 3d2 4s2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Transition</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="V">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">23</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="V" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Vanadium" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="1">50.9415</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">50.9439595</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">6.7462</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="12">0.525</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">1.63</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">'Vanadis' is another name for the Nordic goddess Freyja</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.25</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">2.05</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.65 0.65 0.67</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">3650</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">2163</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">d</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">se</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1830</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">N. Sefström</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">4</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">5</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ar 3d3 4s2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Transition</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Cr">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">24</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Cr" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Chromium" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="6">51.9961</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">51.9405075</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">6.7665</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev" errorValue="12">0.67584</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">1.66</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">Greek 'chroma' means 'color'</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.27</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">2.05</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.54 0.60 0.78</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">2945</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">2130</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">d</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">fr</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1797</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">Nicholas Louis Vauquelin</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">4</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">6</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ar 3d5 4s1</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Transition</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Mn">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">25</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Mn" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Manganese" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="5">54.938045</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">54.9380451</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:ionization" units="units:ev">7.4340</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronAffinity" units="units:ev">0</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:electronegativityPauling" units="boUnits:paulingScaleUnit">1.55</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:nameOrigin" xml:lang="en">It was discovered near a town named Magnesia in black earth. Thus, it was named 'magnesia nigra', or for short, Manganese.</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusCovalent" units="units:ang">1.39</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:radiusVDW" units="units:ang">2.05</scalar>
    <array title="color" dictRef="bo:elementColor" size="3" dataType="xsd:float">0.61 0.48 0.78</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:boilingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">2235</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:meltingpoint"  units="siUnits:kelvin">1518</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:periodTableBlock">d</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoveryCountry">se</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:date" dictRef="bo:discoveryDate">1774</scalar>
    <array dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:discoverers">C. W. Scheele</array>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:period">4</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:int" dictRef="bo:group">7</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:electronicConfiguration">Ar 3d5 4s2</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:string" dictRef="bo:family">Transition</scalar>
  </atom>
  <atom id="Fe">
    <scalar dataType="xsd:Integer" dictRef="bo:atomicNumber">26</scalar>
    <label dictRef="bo:symbol" value="Fe" />
    <label dictRef="bo:name" xml:lang="en" value="Iron" />
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:mass" units="units:atmass" errorValue="2">55.845</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xsd:float" dictRef="bo:exactMass" units="units:atmass">55.9349375</scalar>
    <scalar dataType="xs